WIDE-APERTURE SPHERICAL PRIMARY MIRROR OFF-AXIS AFOCAL OPTICAL SYSTEM

Abstract

The invention provides a wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system, including a primary mirror, a secondary mirror and an aberration compensation mirror group. The primary mirror is a spherical reflector, the secondary mirror are higher-order aspherical reflectors. The primary mirror and the secondary mirror form an off-axis two-mirror system to compress the beam aperture. The aberration compensation mirror group is a coaxial reflective system that is used off-axis. The aberration compensation mirror group has focal power to produce compensation aberrations. The incident beam passes through and is reflected by the primary mirror and secondary mirror sequentially and enters the aberration compensation mirror group thereafter. A spherical reflector is used as the primary mirror, which significantly reduces the development and manufacture cost of the system, and an aberration compensation mirror group is used off-axis to correct residual aberration in the system, which effectively improves imaging quality of the system.

Claims

1. A wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system comprising: a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, the primary mirror being a spherical reflector, the secondary mirror being a higher-order aspherical reflector, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror forming an off-axis two-mirror system to compress a beam aperture; and an aberration compensation mirror group, the aberration compensation mirror group being a coaxial reflective system that is used off-axis, the aberration compensation mirror group having focal power to produce compensation aberrations; wherein an incident beam passes through and is reflected by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror sequentially and enters the aberration compensation mirror group thereafter.

2. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein a focal length of the off-axis two-mirror system consisting formed by the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is f1, and a focal length of the aberration compensation mirror group is f2, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:
0.00006≤1/f1≤0.000097
0.02≤f2/f1≤0.022.

3. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein a curvature radius of the primary mirror is R1, a curvature radius of the secondary mirror is R2, and a space between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is d1, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:
−0.0003381/R1−0.000331
0.24R2/R10.26
0.385d1/R10.396.

4. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein the curvature radius of the primary mirror is R1, and a space d2 between the secondary mirror and the aberration compensation mirror group satisfies the following relational expression:
0.376d2/R10.417.

5. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein a rise z of the secondary mirror satisfies the following expression:
z=(cr.sup.2)/{1+[1−(k+1)(c.sup.2r.sup.2)].sup.1/2}+Ar.sup.4+Br.sup.6+Cr.sup.8 where A, B and C are respectively quartic, sextic and octic aspherical coefficients, c is a curvature at a center of an optical surface, r is a vertical distance between a point on an aspherical curve and an optical axis, and a conic coefficient and the aspherical coefficients of the secondary mirror 2 satisfy the relational expressions of:
9.5K11.96
1.22E−9A1.78E−9
1.10E−14B1.85E−14
2.20E−19C6.05E−19.

6. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged, a distance from a front surface of the first lens to a rear surface of the third lens is T, the focal length of the aberration compensation mirror group is f2 and they satisfy a relational expression of:
0.7≤f2/T≤1.2.

7. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged, a focal length of the first lens is f21, a curvature radius of a front surface of the first lens is R3, a curvature radius at a center of a rear surface of the first lens is R4, an on-axis thickness of the first lens is d3, a distance from a front surface of the first lens to a rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy relational expressions of:
−1.85f21/f2−1.75
1.13(R3+R4)/(R3−R4)1.45
0.09d3/T0.11.

8. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged, a focal length of the second lens is f22, a curvature radius of the front surface of the second lens is R5, a curvature radius of a rear surface of the second lens is R6, an on-axis thickness of the second lens is d5, a distance from a front surface of the first lens to a rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy relational expressions of:
−3.2f22/f2−1.15
−1(R5+R6)/(R5−R6)0.3
0.072d5/T0.074.

9. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged, a focal length of the third lens is f23, a curvature radius of a front surface of the third lens is R7, a curvature radius of a rear surface of the third lens is R8, an on-axis thickness of the third lens is d7, a distance from a front surface of the first lens to a rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy relational expressions of:
1.57≤f23/f2≤1.63
0.41≤(R7+R8)/(R7−R8)≤0.90
0.13≤d7/T≤0.18.

10. The wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of claim 1, wherein a field angle of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is FOV, a beam compression ratio of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is Mag, and they satisfy relational expressions of:
0.02°FOV0.1°
4.0Mag6.0.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an aberration compensation mirror group according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] FIG. 3 is a ray aberration diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an aberration compensation mirror group according to the second embodiment of the present invention; and

[0027] FIG. 6 is a ray aberration diagram according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Reference numerals: 1 primary mirror; 2 secondary mirror; 3 aberration compensation mirror group; 31 first lens; 32 second lens; 33 third lens.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0029] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the drawings and particular embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention and implement it. However, the listed embodiments should not be taken as limitation of the present invention.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, a wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes: [0031] a primary mirror 1 and a secondary mirror 2, the primary mirror 1 being a spherical reflector, the secondary mirror 2 being a higher-order aspherical reflector, the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 forming an off-axis two-mirror system to compress the beam aperture; and [0032] an aberration compensation mirror group 3, the aberration compensation mirror group 3 being a coaxial reflective system that is used off-axis, the aberration compensation mirror group 3 having focal power to produce compensation aberrations.

[0033] An incident beam enters and is reflected by the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 sequentially and enters the aberration compensation mirror group 3 thereafter.

[0034] In the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system of the present invention, a spherical reflector is used as the primary mirror, which significantly reduces the development and manufacture cost of the system, and an aberration compensation mirror group is used off-axis to correct residual aberration in the system, which effectively improves imaging quality of the system. Therefore, the present system has the advantages of a simple structure, low cost, high imaging quality and simple installation and adjustment.

[0035] Optionally, the focal length of the off-axis two-mirror system consisting of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is f1, and the focal length of the aberration compensation mirror group is f2, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

0.00006≤1/f1≤0.000097

0.02≤f2/f1≤0.022.

[0036] Optionally, the curvature radius of the primary mirror is R1, the curvature radius of the secondary mirror is R2, and the space between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is d1, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

−0.000338≤1/R1≤−0.000331

0.24≤R2/R1≤0.26

0.385≤d1/R1≤0.396.

[0037] Optionally, the curvature radius of the primary mirror is R1, and the space d2 between the secondary mirror and the aberration compensation mirror group satisfies the following relational expression:

0.376d2/R10.417.

[0038] Optionally, the rise z of the secondary mirror satisfies the following expression:

z=(cr.sup.2)/{1+[1−(k+1)(c.sup.2r.sup.2)].sup.1/2}+Ar.sup.4+Br.sup.6+Cr.sup.8

where A, B and C are respectively quartic, sextic and octic aspherical coefficients, c is the curvature at the center of the optical surface, r is the vertical distance between a point on the aspherical curve and the optical axis, and the conic coefficient and aspherical coefficient of the secondary mirror 2 satisfy the following relational expressions:

9.5K11.96

1.22E−9A1.78E−9

1.10E−14B1.85E−14

2.20E−19C6.05E-19.

[0039] Optionally, the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged. The distance from the front surface of the first lens to the rear surface of the third lens is T, the focal length of the aberration compensation mirror group is f2 and they satisfy the following relational expression:

0.7≤f2/T≤1.2.

[0040] Optionally, the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged. The focal length of the first lens is f21, the curvature radius of the front surface of the first lens is R3, the curvature radius at the center of the rear surface of the first lens is R4, the on-axis thickness of the first lens is d3, the distance from the front surface of the first lens to the rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

−1.85f21/f2−1.75

1.13(R3+R4)/(R3−R4)1.45

0.09d3/T0.11.

[0041] Optionally, the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged. The focal length of the second lens is f22, the curvature radius of the front surface of the second lens is R5, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the second lens is R6, the on-axis thickness of the second lens is d5, the distance from the front surface of the first lens to the rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

−3.2f22/f2−1.15

−1(R5+R6)/(R5−R6)≤0.3

0.072d5/T0.074.

[0042] Optionally, the aberration compensation mirror group includes a first lens, a second lens and a third lens that are sequentially arranged. The focal length of the third lens is f23, the curvature radius of the front surface of the third lens is R7, the curvature radius of the rear surface of the third lens is R8, the on-axis thickness of the third lens is d7, the distance from the front surface of the first lens to the rear surface of the third lens is T, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

1.57≤f23/f2≤1.63

0.41≤(R7+R8)/(R7−R8)≤0.90

0.13≤d7/T≤0.18.

[0043] Optionally, the field angle of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is FOV, the beam compression ratio of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is Mag, and they satisfy the following relational expressions:

0.02°≤FOV≤0.1°

4.0≤Mag≤6.0.

[0044] In the first embodiment, the operating wavelength is 1060 nm. The entrance aperture D of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is assumed to be 500 mm, specifying the range of input aperture of the system, so that this wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system has wide-aperture characteristics. The field angle FOV of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is assumed to be 0.08°, which satisfies the relational expression of 0.02°≤FOV≤0.1°, specifying the range of visual field of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system, so that it is applicable to scenarios such as laser focusing. The compression ratio Mag of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system is assumed to be 4.9, which satisfies the relational expression of 4.0≤Mag≤6.0, making it a medium ratio system.

[0045] Table 1 shows the specific design parameters of the wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Curvature radius Space K A B C Y- X- 1 Sphere −3000.00 −1186.25 REFL 2 Asphere −732.19 1141.06 REFL 11.96 1.76E−09 1.80E−14 6.04E−19 420.29 3 Sphere 2949.94 30.00 H-K9L 1.30 −0.47 4 Sphere 187.86 82.66 −15.88 −6.09 5 Sphere −356.22 21.96 H-K9L 6 Sphere 212.87 113.61 7 Sphere 1874.29 51.76 H-K9L 8 Sphere −189.43

[0046] wherein

[0047] Conic coefficient, K; Quartic aspherical coefficient, A; Sextic aspherical coefficien, B; Octic aspherical coefficient, C; X-inclination, Y-eccentricity.

[0048] In the first embodiment, the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 form an off-axis two-mirror system without occlusion. Optionally, the primary mirror 1 is off-axis by the amount of 420.29 in the direction of the Y-axis, and the secondary mirror 2 is off-axis by the amount of −15.88 in the direction of the Y-axis. The secondary mirror 2 is also inclined about the X-axis by the amount of −0.47°. The off-axis two-mirror system consisting of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 has weak focal power. The focal length f1 of the off-axis two-mirror system is 10491, and the focal length f2 of the aberration compensation mirror group 3 is 215.631, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: 0.00006≤1/f1≤0.000097 and 0.02≤f2/f1≤0.022. Within the range specified by these relational expressions, the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 form a system of a long focal length for compression of the beam aperture. The aberration compensation mirror group 3 has a certain focal power to produce compensate aberration and improve the imaging quality.

[0049] In the first embodiment, the curvature radius R1 of the primary mirror 1 in the off-axis two-mirror system is assumed to be −3000 and satisfies the following relational expression: −0.000338≤1/R1≤−0.000331. The curvature radius R2 of the secondary mirror 2 is assumed to be −732.19, the space d1 between the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 is assumed to be 1186.25, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: 0.24≤R2/R1≤0.26 and 0.385≤d1/R1≤0.396. Within the range specified by these relational expressions, correction of aberrations in the system is facilitated and imaging quality is improved.

[0050] In the first embodiment, the space d2 between the secondary mirror 2 and the aberration compensation mirror group 3 is assumed to be 1141.06 and satisfies the following relational expression: 0.376≤d2/R1≤0.417. Within the range specified by this relational expression, correction of aberrations in the system and control of the length of the system are facilitated and sensitivity can be reduced.

[0051] In the first embodiment, the quadric curved surface coefficient K of the secondary mirror 2 is 11.96, the quartic curved surface coefficient A is 1.76E−9, the sextic curved surface coefficient B is 1.80E−14, and the octic curved surface coefficient C is 6.04E−19, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: 9.5≤K≤11.96, 1.22E−9≤A≤1.78E−9, 1.10E−14≤B≤1.85E−14 and 2.20E−19≤C≤6.05E−19. Within the range specified by these relational expressions, an aspherical coefficient is introduced by the secondary mirror, which facilitates significant reduction of the aberration in the system.

[0052] FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of an aberration compensation mirror group 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The aberration compensation mirror group 3 includes a first lens 31, a second lens 32 and a third lens 33. The distance T from the front surface of the first lens 31 to the rear surface of the third lens 33 is 300 and satisfies the following relation expression: 0.7≤f2/T≤1.2. Within the range specified by this relational expression, difficulty in manufacture of the three lenses in the aberration compensation mirror group 3 is reduced, the sensitivity is reduced and difficulty in installation and adjustment is reduced.

[0053] In the first embodiment, the aberration compensation mirror group 3 is used off-axis, having eccentricity in the direction of the Y-axis by an amount of −15.88 and inclination about the X-axis by an amount of −6.09° relative to the coordinate system of the secondary mirror 2. The space between the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 is 82.66 and 113.61.

[0054] In the first embodiment, the focal length f21 of the first lens 31 is −397.377, the surface 311 of the first lens 31 facing the secondary mirror 2 is a convex surface with a curvature radius R3 of 2949.94, the surface 312 of the first lens 31 facing the second lens 32 is a concave surface with a curvature radius R4 at the center of 187.86, the on-axis thickness d3 of the first lens 31 is 30, the distance T from the front surface of the first lens 31 to the rear surface of the third lens 33 is 300, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: −1.85≤f21/f2≤−1.75, 1.13≤(R3+R4)/(R3−R4)≤1.45 and 0.09≤d3/T≤0.11. By controlling the negative focal power of the first lens 31 within a reasonable range, correction of aberration in the optical system is facilitated. The shape of the first lens 31 is reasonably controlled so that a certain positive spherical aberration can be introduced by the first lens 31. By reasonably selecting the thickness of the lens, the weight of the system can be reduced while the machinability is ensured.

[0055] In the first embodiment, the focal length f22 of the second lens 32 is −259.58, the surface 311 of the second lens 32 facing the first lens 31 is a concave surface with a curvature radius R5 of −356.22, the surface 322 of the second lens 32 facing the third lens 31 is a concave surface with a curvature radius R6 of 212.88, and the on-axis thickness d5 of the second lens 32 is 21.96, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: −3.2≤f22/f2≤−1.15, −1≤(R5+R6)/(R5−R6)≤0.3 and 0.072≤d5/T≤0.074. By controlling the negative focal power of the second lens 32 within a reasonable range, further correction of aberration in the optical system is facilitated. The shape of the second lens 32 is reasonably controlled so that a significant spherical aberration and partial coma aberration can be introduced by the first lens 32 and aberration in the system can be improved. By reasonably selecting the thickness of the lens, the weight of the system can be reduced while the machinability is ensured.

[0056] In the first embodiment, the focal length f23 of the third lens 33 is 342.39, the surface 331 of the third lens 33 facing the second lens 32 is a convex surface with a curvature radius R7 of 1874.29, the surface 332 of the third lens 33 facing the exit direction is a convex surface with a curvature radius R8 of −189.43, the on-axis thickness d7 of the third lens 33 is 51.7608, and they satisfy the following relational expressions: 1.57≤f23/f2≤1.63, 0.41≤(R7+R8)/(R7−R8)≤0.90 and 0.13≤d7/T≤0.18. The third lens 33 has positive focal power. The shape of the third lens 33 is reasonably controlled so that a negative spherical aberration and partial coma aberration can be introduced and aberration in the system can be further corrected. By reasonably selecting the thickness of the lens, the weight of the system can be reduced while the machinability is ensured.

[0057] In the first embodiment, the imaging quality of the afocal system according to the present embodiment is evaluated by means of a ray aberration diagram. As this system is an afocal system, an ideal converging lens with a focal length of 500 mm is added in the exit beam for the purpose of evaluation. The ideal converging lens will not introduce any additional aberration. FIG. 3 is a ray aberration diagram according to the first embodiment.

[0058] In the first embodiment, a quadratic curved surface is introduced in the transmissive compensation mirror group 3 so that the imaging quality of the system can be further increased. FIG. 4 is a structural optical path diagram of a wide-aperture spherical primary mirror off-axis afocal optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the designations have the same meaning as in the first embodiment. Table 2 shows the specific design parameter according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Curvature radius Space K A B C Y X 1 Sphere −3000.00 −1158.30 REFL 2 Asphere −752.34 1240.86 REFL 9.51 1.23E−09 1.15E−14 2.25E−19 435.58 3 Sphere 1250.82 30.00 H-K9L 2.18 −0.50 4 Conics 226.06 207.00 −1 −33.65 −9.14 5 Sphere −496.13 22.00 H-K9L 6 Sphere 1844588.06 1.00 7 Sphere 905.17 40.00 H-K9L 8 Sphere −351.61

[0059] wherein,

[0060] Conic coefficient, K; Quartic aspherical coefficient, A; Sextic aspherical coefficien, B; Octic aspherical coefficient, C; X-inclination, Y-eccentricity.

[0061] FIG. 5 is a structural optical path diagram of an aberration compensation mirror group according to the second embodiment, in which the first lens 31 and the second lens 32 are negative lenses and the third lens 33 is a positive lens.

[0062] In this embodiment, the surface 312 of the first lens 31 facing the second lens 32 is a parabolic surface, which facilitates further improvement of the imaging quality of the system.

[0063] FIG. 6 is a ray aberration diagram according to the second embodiment. As this system is an afocal system, an ideal converging lens with a focal length of 500 mm is added in the exit beam for the purpose of evaluation. The ideal converging lens will not introduce any additional aberration.

[0064] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or changes made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims.