MULTIFUNCTIONAL MICROSPHERE PREPARATION FOR CHEMOEMBOLIZATION THERAPY AND IMAGING OF TUMORS, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR
20230277460 · 2023-09-07
Inventors
Cpc classification
C08L29/04
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
A61K9/1635
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L24/06
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/4745
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/704
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L2430/36
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K51/06
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K51/1251
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L24/06
HUMAN NECESSITIES
C08L29/04
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
A61P35/00
HUMAN NECESSITIES
International classification
A61K9/16
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61K31/136
HUMAN NECESSITIES
Abstract
In the microsphere preparation for chemoembolization therapy and nuclear medicine imaging of tumor, and a preparation method thereof, the microsphere is formed by means of using a polyvinyl alcohol derivative as a framework material and polymerizing, crosslinking and curing same with an N-acryl amino acid monomer. The microsphere can label radionuclide iodine and can also absorb load chemotherapeutic drugs.
Claims
1. A microsphere preparation characterized by proportional polymerization and crosslinking of N-acryl amino acid monomers of general structure (1) and polyvinyl alcohol derivative macromolecular monomers of simple structure (2) ##STR00004## Where R is one or more of the following structures: ##STR00005## Where the molecular weight range is 10 kDa˜1000 kDa, formed by the aldolization of N-(2, 2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide with the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the substitution degree range of N-(2, 2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide is 0.1%˜40%; The molar ratio of the aforementioned N-acryl amino acid monomer and the polyvinyl alcohol derivative macromolecular monomer ranges from 50:1 to 1000:1. The aforementioned microsphere preparation is able to be labeled with radionuclide iodine and simultaneously load chemotherapy agents.
2. The preparation method of the microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the following steps: (a) An aqueous solution of N-acryl amino acid monomer, polyvinyl alcohol derivative macromolecular monomer and the initiator potassium sulfate are prepared, respectively. (b) An oil phase solution containing an emulsifier or dispersant is prepared, where the oil phase is liquid paraffin, butyl acetate, soybean oil or silicone oil, the emulsifier is span 80 or span 60, and the dispersant is cellulose acetate butyrate. (c) The aqueous solution is added drop by drop to the oil phase to form an emulsion. (d) The aqueous solution containing catalyst N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine is added to the emulsion to catalyze the polymerization crosslinking reaction and solidification to form microspheres. (e) The microspheres are washed and screened to obtain the microspheres with different size ranges.
3. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the said labelled radionuclide iodine is one or more of the following radioisotopes of iodine, iodine-123, iodine-125, iodine-131.
4. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the labeling rate of the said radionuclide iodine ranging from 81% to 99.5%, and the labeling method follows the following steps: (a) The microspheres are suspended in a phosphate buffer. A sodium iodide solution with the radionuclide iodine described in claim 3 is added to (a) microsphere suspension and mixed evenly. (c) The phosphate buffer containing chloramine-T is added to (b) the mixture and shaken gently to mix. (d) The reaction solution is placed in a 25˜45° C. water bath for 10˜60 minutes. (e) The suspension of microspheres in (d) is centrifugated and washed, and the precipitation is radionuclide iodine labeled microspheres.
5. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the chemotherapeutic agent is one or more of the following drugs: doxorubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, irinotecan, topotecan.
6. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the fact that the chemotherapeutic drugs oxorubicin hydrochloride, epirubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, irinotecan, topotecan are loaded into the microsphere or the prepared radionuclide iodine labeled microspheres by means of ion exchange or adsorption, with a loading capacity of 10% to 60%. The loading method is as follows: (a) The chemotherapeutic drugs are dissolved in ultrapure water and prepared into chemotherapeutic drug solution. (b) The solution (a) is added to the prepared microsphere suspension or to the prepared radionuclide iodide labeled microsphere suspension, shaken for several times, and allowed to stand for 5-30 minutes. (c) After the centrifugation of the mixed solution (b), the supernatant is removed to obtain the drug-loaded microspheres.
7. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the particle size ranging from 20 to 1300 μm.
8. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the microsphere preparation with the addition of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, wherein, the molar ratios of N-acryl amino acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulfonic acid and polyvinyl alcohol derivatives macromolecular monomers range from 50:50:1 to 1000:1000:1.
9. The microsphere preparation described in claim 1 is characterized by the microsphere preparation with the addition of N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide monomer, wherein the molar ratio of N-acryl amino acid, N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol derivative macromolecular monomer is 50:0:1˜1000:200:1.
10. The microsphere preparation described in claim 3 is characterized by the fact that the microsphere preparation labeled with iodine-123 is used for embolization therapy of tumors, chemotherapy therapy and emission computed tomography or single photon emission computed tomography imaging.
11. The microsphere preparation described in claim 3 is characterized by the microsphere preparation labeled iodine-125 and/or iodine-131 for embolization, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and emission computed tomography or single photon emission computed tomography of tumors.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF ATTACHED FIGURES
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0099] The present invention is further described with the following embodiments and figures.
EXAMPLE 1
[0100] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (120 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 120 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (40 mg) was weighed and dispersed in 150 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification, followed by addition of 1.334 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and continued to be dissolved under ultrasonification. To the polyvinyl alcohol derivatives solution, the above NAT solution was added and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (150 mg/mL, 87 μL) was added and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 8 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.12 g of span 80. The solution was stirred and emulsified in 37° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0101] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 10 μL of 10 mCi/mL Na.sup.131I solution was added into the microsphere suspension and mixed. Then, 10 mg/mL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 μL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After the labeling, 5 μL of microsphere solution was withdrawn for radioactive paper chromatography to determine the labeling rate of microspheres. The remaining labeled microspheres were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed, and the precipitation was further washed with ultrapure water until the radioactivity of the supernatant was not detectable. An additional 5 μL of microsphere solution was withdrawn to analyze the radiochemical purity of the washed microspheres by radioactive paper chromatography.
[0102] .sup.131I-NAT-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weight and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under gentle shaking. Then, the suspension was allowed to stand followed by shaken every 5 minutes. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The supernatant was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0103] Under field emission scanning electron microscopy, the microspheres were uniform in size and round (
[0104] The IC.sub.50 values of DOX and .sup.131I were 3.74±0.240 ng/mL and 8.15±0.521 μCi/mL, respectively, after .sup.131I-DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres were incubated with N1S1 rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells for 72 h under normoxia. The IC.sub.50 values of DOX in the group of DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres was 9.26±0.127 ng/mL, and that of .sup.131I in the group of .sup.131I-NAT-PVA microspheres was 19.56±1.190 μCi/mL. The results showed that DOX chemotherapy and .sup.131I radiotherapy by .sup.131I-DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres had a synergistic effect, with a synergistic index of 0.82 (
[0105] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-NAT-PVA microspheres injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT for the distribution of microspheres in the rat model, and provid accurate images of liver tumors up to 31 days post injection (
[0106] In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 500 μCi of .sup.131I). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, and 8.35 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 45 days (n=5) after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microspheres (0.18 mL/kg of microspheres, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.35 mg/kg of DOX).
EXAMPLE 2
[0107] N-acryl histidine (NAH) (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 150 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then, 35 mg of N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide was weighed and dissolved in 150 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification, followed by addition of 1.334 mL 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and continued to be dissolved under ultrasonification. To the polyvinyl alcohol derivatives solution, the above NAH solution was added and mixed evenly. Then, the potassium persulfate solution (100 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 8 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.12 g of span 80. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 40° C. and emulsified at 600 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice with ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAH-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0108] Microspheres (10 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 20 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 15 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 35 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 90.13%±3.11%. Ultrapure water (1 mL) was added into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The remaining solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.75%±1.63%.
[0109] .sup.131I-NAH-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 5.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and the supernatant was removed. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0110] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 54.9±5.7 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 25.39%±2.37% and 94.23%±0.35%, respectively. With the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 80% till 31 days.
[0111] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 220 μCi of .sup.131I, 1.82 mg/kg of DOX,) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after the embolization (n=5). In the radioembolization group with .sup.131I-NAH-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 650 μCi of 1311), no death of the tumor bearing rats was observed within 60 days after the treatment (n=5). In the chemoembolization group with DOX-NAH-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 8.65 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the tumor bearing rats was observed within 60 days after the treatment. The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NAH-PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 220 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 22 days after treatment with DOX-NAH-PVA microspheres of chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 1.82 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 22 days after treatment with NAH-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 220 μCi of .sup.131I and 1.82 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 650 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 8.65 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 650 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 8.65 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microspheres (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.65 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 3
[0112] N-acryl tryptophan (NATP) (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then, 45 mg of N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide was weighed and dispersed in 200 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification, followed by addition of 1.334 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and continued to be dissolved under ultrasonification. To the polyvinyl alcohol derivatives solution, the above NATP solution was added and mixed evenly. Then, the potassium persulfate solution (95 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added and mixed evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 8 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.12 g of span 80. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 45° C. and emulsified at 600 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and stirred for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NATP-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0113] Microspheres (15 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 20 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 20 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 40 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 89.24%±1.27%. Ultrapure water (1 mL) was added into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The remaining solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.64%±1.42%.
[0114] .sup.131I-NAH-PVA microspheres (25 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 12 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0115] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 45.29±5.9 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 30.13%±1.73% and 92.76%±0.18%, respectively. In vitro labeling stability study showed the purity remained above 80% at 31 days.
[0116] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 252 μCi of .sup.131I, 1.89 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NATP-PVA microsphere of the radioembolization control group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 642 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NATP-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 9.25 mg/kg of DOX dose for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NATP-PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 252 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with DOX-NATP-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 1.89 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NATP-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5).
[0117] These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP-PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on in vivo radio-chemotherapy for tumor. At a dosage of 252 μCi of .sup.131I and 1.89 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NATP-PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 642 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 9.25 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
[0118] In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 642 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 9.25 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microspheres (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 9.25 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 4
[0119] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolve in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification. The N-acrylyl tyrosine solution and the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid solution were added into 5 mL of 15% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 67 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (60 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 30 mL of butyl acetate containing 0.3 g of cellulose acetate butyrate. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 55° C. and emulsified at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0120] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 5 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 5 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 85.41%±2.54%. Ultrapure water (1 mL) was added into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.27%±0.62%.
[0121] .sup.131I-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 15 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0122] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 49.3±6.5 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 40.13%±2.72% and 80.2%±0.38%, respectively. In vitro labeling stability study showed the purity remained above 82% until 31 days.
[0123] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 282 μCi of .sup.131I, 2.41 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1 S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NAH-PVA microsphere of the radioembolization control group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 629 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 9.42 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 282 μCi of .sup.131I radiation for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days after treatment with DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAT-AMPS -PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 282 μCi of .sup.131I and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 629 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 9.42 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 22 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 629 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 9.42 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microspheres (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 9.42 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 5
[0124] N-acryl histidine (NAH) (190 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 190 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 500 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification. The N-acryl histidine solution and the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid solution were added into 5 mL of 15% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 67 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (80 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 30 mL of butyl acetate containing 0.3 g of cellulose acetate butyrate. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 55° C. and emulsified at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes under nitrogen atmosphere. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0125] Microspheres (10 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 15 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 15 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 40 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 92.62%±1.71%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.41%±1.22%.
[0126] .sup.131I-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 15 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0127] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 56.2±3.8 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 50.1%±0.26% and 99.58%±0.15%, respectively. With the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 88% at 31 days.
[0128] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 282 μCi of .sup.131I, 2.41 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1 S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NAH-AMPS-PVA microsphere of the radioembolization control group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 648 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 10.27 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 282 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days after treatment with DOX-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 282 μCi of .sup.131I and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NAH-AMPS-PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 648 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 10.27 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days after treated with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 648 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 10.27 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 48 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 10.27 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 6
[0129] N-acryl tryptophan (NATP) (200 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (230 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 500 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification. The N-acryl tryptophan solution and the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid solution were added into 5 mL of 15% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 67 kDa, N-(2, 2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (60 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 30 mL of butyl acetate containing 0.3 g of cellulose acetate butyrate. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 55° C. and emulsified at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 5 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0130] Microspheres (15 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 25 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 20 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 40 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 85.62%±3.72%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.62%±1.92%.
[0131] .sup.131I-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres (25 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 30 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0132] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 53.58±3.94 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 51.4%±4.23% and 83.76%±3.62%, respectively. The in vitro labeling stability study showed the purity remained above 85% at 31 days.
[0133] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 282 μCi of .sup.131I, 2.41 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NATP-AMPS-PVA microsphere of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 629 μCi of 1310, no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 9.42 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 282 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days after treatment with DOX-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 282 μCi of .sup.131I and 2.41 mg/kg of DOX,.sup.131I-DOX-NATP-AMPS-PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 629 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 9.42 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 22 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 629 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 9.42 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 9.42 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 7
[0134] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The N-acryl tyrosine solution was added to 2 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (100 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. The mixture was added into 10 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.15 g of span 80. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 55° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT/PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0135] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 10 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 10 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 94.37%±1.71%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.68%±1.29%.
[0136] .sup.131I-NAT/PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0137] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 55.3±6.3 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 32.51%±2.52% and 97.51%±1.63%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 81% at 31 days.
[0138] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAT/PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 240 μCi of .sup.131I, 1.74 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NAH/PVA microsphere of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere , 540 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NAT/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 8.73 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NAT/PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 240 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with DOX-NAT/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 1.74 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAT/PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAT/PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 240 μCi of .sup.131I and 1.74 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NAT/PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 540 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 8.73 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 540 μCi of 131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 8.73 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.73 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 8
[0139] N-acryl histidine (NAH) (200 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The N-acryl histidine solution was added to 2.5 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (150 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. The mixture was added into 10 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.15 g of span 80. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 40° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then 250 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAH/PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0140] Microspheres (10 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 20 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 15 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 35 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 92.13%±2.03%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 95.89%±2.43%.
[0141] .sup.131I-NAH/PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 6.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0142] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 57.7±2.7 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 25.39%±2.37% and 84.23%±3.41%, respectively. The in vitro labeling stability study showed the purity remained above 80% at 31 days.
[0143] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH/PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 245 μCi of .sup.131I, 1.96 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NAH/PVA microsphere of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere,635 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NAH/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 9.25 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NAH/PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 245 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 23 days after treatment with DOX-NAH/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 1.96 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAH/PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NAH/PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 245 μCi of .sup.131I and 1.96 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NAH/PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 635 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 9.25 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 635 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 9.25 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 9.25 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 9
[0144] N-acryl tryptophan (NATP) (250 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 250 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The N-acryl histidine solution was added to 3 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2, 2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (145 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. The mixture was added into 15 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.20 g of span 80. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 45° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then 300 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NATP/PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0145] Microspheres (20 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 15 μL of Na.sup.131I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 20 μL chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 86.24%±1.82%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 96.58%±1.63%.
[0146] .sup.131I-NATP/PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0147] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 49.29±2.9 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 20.43%±1.73% and 81.72%±2.31%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 85% at 31 days.
[0148] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP/PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 270 μCi of .sup.131I, 1.95 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S 1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with .sup.131I-NATP/PVA microsphere of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 650 μCi of .sup.131I), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). After treatment with DOX-NATP/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 8.90 mg/kg of DOX for a high-dose chemotherapy) (n=5), no death of the rats was observed within 60 days. The median survival time of the rats was 23 days (n=5) after treatment with .sup.131I-NATP/PVA microspheres of the radioembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 270 μCi of .sup.131I for a low-dose radiotherapy). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with DOX-NATP/PVA microspheres of the chemoembolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, and 1.95 mg/kg of DOX for a low-dose chemotherapy) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NATP/PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). These results confirmed that .sup.131I-DOX-NATP/PVA microspheres had a good synergistic effect on the in vivo radio-chemotherapy of tumor. At a dosage of 270 μCi of .sup.131I and 1.95 mg/kg of DOX, .sup.131I-DOX-NATP/PVA microspheres produced an equivalent therapeutic effect to radioembolization therapy with 650 μCi of .sup.131I or chemoembolization therapy with 8.90 mg/kg of DOX, significantly reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, the median survival time of the tumor bearing rats was 21 days after treating with .sup.131I-lipiodol (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 650 μCi of .sup.131I) (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 8.90 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.90 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 10
[0149] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (120 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 120 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (40 mg) was weighed and dispersed in 150 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification, followed by addition of 1.334 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and continued to be dissolved under ultrasonification. To the polyvinyl alcohol derivatives solution, the above NAT solution was added and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (87 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 8 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.12 g of span 80. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 37° C. and emulsified at 600 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0150] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 10 μL of Na1231 solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 10 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. water bath and labeled for 35 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 94.59%±1.31%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 96.62%±2.92%.
[0151] .sup.123I-NAT-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0152] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 51.2±2.5 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 31.35%±2.42% and 98.16%±0.41%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 83% until 31 days.
[0153] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of .sup.123I-DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored with SPECT/CT imaging. .sup.123I-DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 8.61 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1 S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAT-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 8.61 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.61 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 11
[0154] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification. The above solution was added to 5 mL of 15% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (60 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. Then, the mixture was added into 30 mL of butyl acetate containing 0.3 g of cellulose acetate butyrate. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 55° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0155] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then 5 μL of Na.sup.123I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 5 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 85.82%±1.63%. Ultrapure water (1 mL) was added into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 96.53%±2.14%.
[0156] .sup.123I-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 15 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0157] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 52.7±3.5 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 45.43%±2.61% and 90.86%±1.29%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 84% at 31 days.
[0158] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of .sup.123I-DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT. .sup.123I-DOX-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 9.21 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1 S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after single embolization with NAT-APMS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 9.21 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 46 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 9.21 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 12
[0159] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The N-acryl tyrosine solution was added to 2 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (100 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. The mixture was added into 10 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.15 g of span 80. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 55° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT/PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0160] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then 10 μL of Na.sup.123I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 10 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 40° C. 5 water bath and labeled for 35 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 95.39%±0.62%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 99.52%±2.53%.
[0161] .sup.123I-NAT/PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of doxorubicin hydrochloride was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The doxorubicin solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. After about 15 minutes, the color of the supernatant did not change. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0162] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 54.4±3.4 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 33.26%±3.31% and 96.26%±2.37%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 83% at 31 days.
[0163] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of .sup.123I-NAT/PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT. .sup.123I-DOX-NAT-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 8.97 mg/kg of DOX) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after single embolization with NAT/PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-DOX emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 8.97 mg/kg of DOX). The median survival time of the rats was 45 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 8.97 mg/kg of DOX) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 13
[0164] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (120 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 120 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. N, N-methylene bisacrylamide (40 mg) was weighed and dispersed in 150 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification, followed by addition of 1.334 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and continued to be dissolved under ultrasonification. To the polyvinyl alcohol derivatives solution, the above NAT solution was added and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (87 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 8 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.12 g of span 80. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 37° C. and emulsified at 600 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 12 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0165] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 10 μL of Na.sup.125I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 10 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 90.41%±2.61%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 98.96%±2.51%.
[0166] .sup.125I-NAT-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of irinotecan (IRI) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The irinotecan solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. Then the suspension was stood and shaken every 5 minutes. About 30 minutes later, the solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0167] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 52.7±4.6 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 20.15%±2.11% and 61.27%±2.71%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 85% at 31 days.
[0168] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of 125I-IRI-NAT-PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT. 125I-IRI-NAT-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 25.61 mg/kg of IRI) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAT-PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-IRI emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 25.61 mg/kg of IRI). The median survival time of the rats was more than 60 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 25.61 mg/kg of IRI) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 14
[0169] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (150 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water under ultrasonification. The N-acryl tyrosine solution and the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid were added into 5 mL of 15% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 67 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (60 4- 150 mg/mL) was added evenly. Then, the mixture was added into 30 mL of butyl acetate containing 0.3 g of cellulose acetate butyrate. The solution was mixed in a water bath at 55° C. and emulsified at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. Then 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (10%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0170] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then, 5 μL of Na.sup.125I solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 5 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 30 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 89.54%±2.71%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 96.59%±3.62%.
[0171] .sup.125I-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 15 mg irinotecan was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The irinotecan solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. Then the suspension was stood and shaken every 5 minutes. About 30 minutes later, the solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0172] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 55.27±0.31 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 32.69%±3.51% and 65.4%±2.74%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 80% at 31 days.
[0173] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of .sup.125I-IRI-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT. .sup.125I-IRI-NAT-AMPS-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 29.77 mg/kg of IRI) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after single embolization with NAT-AMPS-PVA microsphere (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 21 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-IRI emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 29.77 mg/kg of IRI). The median survival time of the rats was more than 60 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 29.77 mg/kg of IRI) (n=5).
EXAMPLE 15
[0174] N-acryl tyrosine (NAT) (170 mg) was weighed and dissolved in 170 μL of sodium hydroxide solution (400 mg/mL). The pH of solution was adjusted to neutral by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid. The N-acryl tyrosine solution was added to 2 mL of 7.5% polyvinyl alcohol derivatives (molecular weight of polyvinyl alcohol: 75 kDa, N-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-2-acrylamide substitution degree: 12%˜13%), and mixed evenly. Then, potassium persulfate solution (100 μL, 150 mg/mL) was added. The mixture was added into 10 mL of liquid paraffin wax containing 0.15 g of span 80. The solution was mixed evenly and emulsified in 55° C. water bath under a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, 200 μL of N, N, N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine solution (20%, v/v) was added drop by drop. The reaction liquid was placed under nitrogen and continued to stir for 4 h. After the reaction, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the liquid paraffin wax was removed. The precipitation was washed twice by ethyl acetate, absolute ethanol and ultrapure water sequentially. Then, a small amount of ultrapure water was added to disperse the precipitation. The precipitation was sifted through 70 μm- and 40 μm-sized mesh screens in order to remove the trapped part on the 70 μm-sized mesh screens and the filtered part of 40 μm-sized mesh screens, respectively. The precipitation between the 40 μm- and 70 μm-sized mesh screens was collected and centrifuged with acetone twice for dehydration. The NAT/PVA microspheres were dried overnight in a vacuum oven at room temperature.
[0175] Microspheres (5 mg) were weighed and suspended in 100 μL of pH 7.4 PBS (0.01 M). Then 10 μL of Na1251 solution (10 mCi/mL) was added into the microsphere suspension. After mixing, 10 μL of chloramine-T PBS solution (10 mg/mL) was added and shaken and mixed. The microsphere suspension was placed in a 37° C. water bath and labeled for 45 minutes. After labeling, the labeling rate of the microspheres was 92.02%±3.98%. Add 1 mL ultrapure water into the remaining microsphere labeling solution. The solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed. Then, ultrapure water was added to the precipitation for washing until no radioactivity can be detected in the supernatant. The radiochemical purity of the precipitated microsphere was 98.22%±3.81%.
[0176] .sup.125I-NAT/PVA microspheres (15 mg) were prepared and suspended with 200 μL ultrapure water. About 7.5 mg of irinotecan was weighed and dissolved in 200 μL ultrapure water. The irinotecan solution was added to the microsphere suspension, and thoroughly mixed under the condition of gentle shaken. Then, the suspension was stood and shaken every 5 minutes. About 30 minutes later, the solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes and collected. The precipitate was washed three times with ultrapure water.
[0177] Under field emission scanning electron microscope, the microspheres were uniform in size and round. The average particle size of the microsphere was about 53.0±2.5 μm. The drug loading and encapsulation rate of microspheres were 19.03%±2.31% and 58.81%±4.81%, respectively. Within the in vitro labeling stability study, the purity remained above 80% at 31 days.
[0178] The results of in vivo animal experiments showed that the distribution of .sup.125I-IRI-NAT/PVA microspheres in the rat model could be accurately monitored by SPECT/CT. .sup.125I-IRI-NAT-PVA microspheres (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere, 35.8 mg/kg of IRI) were injected to rats bearing orthotopic N1S1 hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatic artery. No death of the rats was observed within 60 days after embolization (n=5). The median survival time of the rats was 22 days after treatment with NAT/PVA microspheres of the single embolization group (0.14 mL/kg of microsphere) (n=5). In addition, the median survival time of the rats was 22 days (n=5) after embolization with lipiodol-IRI emulsion (0.67 mL/kg of lipiodol, 35.8 mg/kg of IRI). The median survival time of the rats was more than 60 days after embolization with DC bead™ chemoembolization microsphere (0.18 mL/kg of microsphere, 75-150 μm of size range, 35.8 mg/kg of IRI) (n=5).