APPARATUS FOR REMOVING THE HUSK FROM GRAIN

Abstract

An apparatus for removing the husk from grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-scale grain kernel peeler, and for producing dehusked grain seeds, has a peeler including a first disk and a second disk movable relative to the first disk and drivable about a vertical axis. The disks enclose, between main faces made of a temperature-stable and elastic material, a working space fillable with grain from the side opposite the second disk through a central first disk filling opening. By rotating the second disk, the kernel and husk can be separated by a radial movement along the disks so that kernel and husk leave the peeler on its outer circumference via an outlet which opens via a chute into a collecting bin, the chute having a lateral air inlet supplied with an air stream so that the husks leave the chute laterally in front of the collecting bin.

Claims

1. A device for the dehusking of husk cereals, in particular as a laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk cereals and for the production of de-husk cereal seeds, which comprises a peeling device (4) which comprises a first disk (40) and a second disk (42) which is movable relative to the first disk (40) and which can be driven by a vertical axis of rotation (44), wherein the disks (40;42) are formed between their one surface made of a temperature-stable and elastic material (64; 68) to enclose a working space, which can be filled by the second disk (42) opposite side through a filling opening (78) of the first disk (40) in the region of its center point with husk grain, wherein by rotation of the second disk (42) a peeling off of grain and husk of the husk grain takes place by means of a radial movement along the disks (40;42) so that grain and husk of the husk grain leave the downpipe (4) on its outer circumference via an outlet opening (46) which opens into a collecting vessel (24) via a downpipe (48), wherein the downpipe (48) has a lateral supply air opening (52), which is acted upon by an air flow such that husk leaves the downpipe (58) laterally in front of the collecting vessel (24).

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the first disk (40) and the second disk (42) each have a support plate (62;66) which are preferably made of aluminum.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-stable and elastic material (64;68) is a plastic material or a natural rubber.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature stable and elastic material (64;68) is made with a smooth surface, a corrugation or a microstructure on the surface.

5. The device according to claim 1, in which the temperature stable and elastic material (64;68) is connected to the carrier plate (62;66) in a form-fitting or materially bonded manner.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second disk (42) is coupled to an electric motor (10).

7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the electric motor (10) is additionally coupled to a suction fan (14) for generating the air flow.

8. The device according to claim 1, in which a further electric motor (26) is additionally coupled to a suction fan (14) for generating the air stream.

9. The device according to claim 1, in which the axial spacing of the disks (40;42) can be adjusted in a variable manner.

10. The device according to claim 9, in which the second disk (42) is provided with a spindle drive (86) in order to adjust the distance from the first disk (40), in particular in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

11. The device according to claim 1, in which the first disk (40) is thermally connected to a main body (30;32;34) of the device (2).

12. The device according to claim 1, wherein the main surface of the first disk (40) tapers in a wedge-shaped manner in the direction opposite to the second disk (42) in the direction opposite to the second disk (42) in the region of the filling opening (78).

13. The device according to claim 1, in which one or more strippers (80) are arranged below the second disk (42), which support the leaving of grain and husk of the husk grain in the direction of the outlet opening (46).

14. A method for the dehusking of husk cereals, in particular as laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk grains, and for the production of de-husk cereal seeds with the device (2) according to claim 1, which delivers approximately 1 kg of corresponding grain or seed per minute.

15. A dehusked grain of a husk grain produced with the device (2) according to claim 1.

Description

[0034] Exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing, in which:

[0035] FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for producing de-ionized husk grain seeds,

[0036] FIG. 2 shows the device from FIG. 1 in a sectional view,

[0037] FIG. 3 shows a detail of the device according to the invention from FIG. 2 in the sectional view;

[0038] FIG. 4 shows a further detail of the device according to the invention in a side view with partially removed components; and

[0039] FIG. 5 shows a further detail of the device according to the invention in a side view.

[0040] In the figures, identical or identically acting components are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0041] FIG. 1 shows, in a side view, a device 2 for the dehusking of husk cereals, which can be used as laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk grains and for the production of dehusked husk grain seeds. For this purpose, the device 2 has a peeling device 4. The peeling device 4 can be supplied via a funnel 6 to husk grain. The feed of husk cereals via the funnel 6 can be adjusted by means of a slide 8, which can have a cross-section in the interior of the funnel 6 in such a way that the quantity reached in the peeling device 4 can be adjusted. Below the peeling device 4, an electric motor 10 connected thereto, the function of which will be explained below, is arranged.

[0042] Furthermore, the device 2 has an aspiration 12 which separates grain and husk from the peeling device 4, as will be explained below. For this purpose, the device has a suction fan 14, which is connected to the aspiration 12 by means of a hose 16 and, on the other hand, forms a connection to a collecting container 20 over a further hose line 17. The husk separated from the grain is discharged via this path. The grain arrives in the collecting vessel 24. This process, also referred to as air separation, can be regulated both via a speed control of a further electric motor 26 of the suction fan 14 and via a further slide 18 at an outlet 22 of the collecting container 20. The further slide 18 thus acts like an exhaust air throttle which limits the air flow through this path. In this case, husk at the lower end of the collecting container 20 can be filled, for example, into a transport bag, while the air leaves this path via the outlet 22 of the collecting container 20.

[0043] In order to provide mechanical stability to the device 2, a plurality of main bodies 30, 32, 34 connected via struts are provided, wherein the central main body 30 is arranged above the suction fan 14, the lower main body 32 carries the further electric motor 26 of the suction fan, and the upper main body 34 provides a termination of the peeling device 4. The main bodies are connected to one another via corresponding struts 36.

[0044] The peeling device 4 has in its interior a first disk 40 and a second disk 42, wherein the second disk is driven by the electric motor 10 via a vertically arranged axis of rotation 44.

[0045] FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the device 2, wherein the vertical sectional plane is arranged centrally through the axis of rotation 44. It can be seen that the aspiration 12 merges via an outlet opening 46 into a downpipe 48, the lower end 50 of which is arranged above the collecting vessel 24. A supply air opening 52, which is connected to the hose line 16 and thus to the suction fan 14 via a suction channel 54, has been provided on the downpipe 48. In the region of the supply air opening 52, an air flow is generated via the suction fan 14, which air stream is adjusted via the above-described controllability in such a way that husk is separated from the suction fan 14 via the hose line 16 and does not pass into the collecting vessel 24.

[0046] A more detailed representation of the peeling device 4 and the aspiration 12 is given below in the enlarged representation of FIG. 3. It can be seen that both the first disk 40 and the second disk 42 are constructed in two parts, wherein the first disk 40 is composed of a first carrier plate 62 and a first cover 64 made of a temperature-stable and elastic material while the second disk 42 consists of a second carrier plate 66 and a second coating 68 of a temperature-stable and elastic material is formed. The first disk 42 is connected to the upper base body 34 so that the heat generated by the base body 34 can be absorbed.

[0047] Toward the axis of rotation 44, the first disk 42 is formed with a decreasing transverse section, wherein the first disk 42 is in full surface contact with the upper base body 34, so that wedge-shaped depressions 70 are formed which widen towards the axis of rotation 44. As a result of the configuration of these wedge-shaped regions 70, the supply of husk grains in the region of a filling opening 78 close to the axis of rotation 44 can be optimized. The first coating 64 or the second coating 68 is typically bonded to the support plates 62 and 66, respectively, as a plastic material. In this case, food-genuine polyurethane or a silicone material can be used. Besides these materials, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers or a natural rubber material may also be included. Usually, different material materials are used in the dehusking of husk cereals and in the production of seed. In addition to the elastic property and the temperature stability, a further characteristic variable is the slip inhibition with respect to the husk grain, which should be taken into account in the selection of materials. The slip inhibition can also be modified in a targeted manner via the surface condition, so that, depending on the material, smooth, corrugated surfaces or surfaces provided with micro structuring are also used. As a result of the selection of the material, the husk grain can be put into a rotational movement or swirl, so that during the passage of the peeling device 4 grain and husk completely separate, without only being peeled off locally.

[0048] At one point, the outlet opening 46, which, as described above, leads to the downpipe 48 is located on the circumferential side of the two disks 40, 42. The electric motor 10 is directly connected to the second disk 42, wherein the combination of the electric motor 10, the second disk 42, the downpipe 48 and the lower housing area 72 of the peeling device 4 can be displaced jointly in the axial direction of the axis of rotation 44 in order to determine the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42 can be designed to be adjustable, for example in a range between 0.1 mm and 10 mm.

[0049] For this reason, the hose line 16 is flexible in order to be able to compensate for the changing distance between the aspirator 12 and the suction fan 14 when the assembly is in use. Lateral housing sections 74 and 76 are formed so as to overlap, so that when the distance between the first disk 40 and the second disk 42 is adjusted, no lateral openings result at the peeling device 4. In the enlarged illustration of FIG. 3, the slot-shaped configuration of the supply air opening 52 can also be clearly seen, as well as the configuration of the aspiration 12 in the interior.

[0050] FIG. 4 again shows a part of the device 2, in which a large part of the components of the peeling device 4 and below the aspiration 12 have been removed. In this embodiment, the region below the second disk 42 can be seen, wherein the lower housing region 72 is still present, which is arranged directly above the electric motor 10. It can be seen that, in the region below the second disk 42, two strippers 80 connected thereto are provided, which are fixedly connected to the second disk 42, so that material is guided through the rotational movement of the second disk 42 in the direction of the outlet opening 46 during operation of the device 2.

[0051] A further aspect is explained below with reference to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the side of the electric motor 10, where it can be seen in FIG. 5 that the electric motor 10 is movable up or down on rails 84 via a plurality of sliders 82, wherein the movement of the electric motor 10 takes place via a spindle drive 86 which has a flange 88 which causes a threaded rod 90 to rotate so that via a corresponding counter element on the electric motor 10 (not shown in FIG. 5), which is provided with an internal thread and is penetrated by the wound rod 90, a vertical displacement of the electric motor 10 can be achieved. By selecting a corresponding thread shape in the case of play as a fine thread, a very precise adjustment can take place here. A transmission ratio would also be possible.

[0052] In a method for dehusking husk grain, in particular as a laboratory or small-quantity peeler of husk cereal grain and for the production of dehusked cereal seeds, a device 2 can be used as described above, which delivers approximately 1 kg of corresponding grain or seed per minute.

[0053] The features mentioned above and the features which can be found in the claims and those which can be found in the claims can be advantageously realized both individually and in various combinations. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described, but can be modified in many ways within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0054] 2 device [0055] 4 peeling device [0056] 6 funnel [0057] 8 slide [0058] 10 Electric motor [0059] 12 aspiration [0060] 14 Suction blower [0061] 16 Hose line [0062] 17 further hose line [0063] 18 further slide [0064] 20 collection container [0065] 22 output [0066] 24 collection vessel [0067] 26 further electric motor [0068] 28 further slide [0069] 30 middle main body [0070] 32 lower main body [0071] 34 upper main body [0072] 36 struts [0073] 40 First disk [0074] 42 Second disk [0075] 44 Axis of rotation [0076] 46 Outlet opening [0077] 48 Downpipe [0078] 50 End [0079] 52 Supply air opening [0080] 54 Suction channel [0081] 62 First carrier plate [0082] 64 First coating [0083] 66 Second carrier plate [0084] 68 second coating [0085] 70 wedge-shaped region [0086] 72 Housing region [0087] 74 Second housing section [0088] 76 First housing section [0089] 78 Filling opening [0090] 80 Stripper [0091] 82 Glider [0092] 84 rails [0093] 86 Spindle drive [0094] 88 Hand wheel [0095] 90 Threaded rod