PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL PRODUCTS AND METHOD OF MANAGEMENT OF SAID PLANT

Abstract

A plant to produce metal products, and a corresponding management method, where the plant includes a production line which includes a plurality of operating units, each provided with respective hydraulic circuits, selected from a melting unit, a casting unit, a rolling unit and a cooling treatment apparatus, and a water supply unit having a tank for the water connected to each of the hydraulic circuits and a plurality of water feed devices configured to feed water from the tank to respective hydraulic circuits.

Claims

1. A plant to produce metal products, comprising a production line which includes a plurality of operating units, each provided with hydraulic circuits, selected from a melting unit, a casting unit, a rolling unit and a cooling apparatus, and a water supply unit equipped with a tank connected to each of said hydraulic circuits and a plurality of water feed devices configured to feed water from said tank to each of said hydraulic circuits, and a control unit configured to receive information at least on characteristics of the metal products to be produced, and on a speed of advance along said operating units, or apparatuses and information correlated to actual operating intervals of one or more of said operating units, or apparatuses, to determine for at least one of said operating units, or apparatuses a starting instant of each operating interval and to command said water feed devices to selectively supply water to the respective hydraulic circuit of said at least one operating unit, or apparatus at a determinate advance time with respect to said starting instant based on the actual functioning operating modes of said at least one operating unit, or apparatus.

2. The plant of claim 1, further comprising a plant management unit configured to supply, for each type of metal product to be produced, a specific “recipe” comprising one or more pieces of information/parameters selected from the physical properties and composition of the metal, the size of the slab and of the final product, the number of stands and/or rolling passes necessary to obtain a determinate thickness, and respective durations of operating and non-operating intervals for each operating unit, and said control unit is configured to receive the information/parameters from said plant management unit and command each of said water feed devices to activate them only in correspondence with the respective operating intervals.

3. The plant of claim 1, wherein each water feed device associated with a respective hydraulic circuit of said operating units, or apparatuses comprises a plurality of pumping devices with adjustable flow rate which can be selectively commanded by the control unit independently with respect to each other, or in groups, or all together to supply water on each occasion with the required pressure and flow rate.

4. The plant of claim 3, further comprising a plurality of converter devices, or inverters, each associated with one or more pumping devices, which can be selectively commanded to activate/deactivate the respective pumping devices with which they are associated, or to vary their flow rate according to requirements.

5. The plant of claim 1, further comprising one or more detection devices configured to measure the actual speed of advance of the product along said production line and said control unit is configured to calculate the starting instant of the operating interval of a specific operating unit, or apparatus based on the data detected by the respective detection devices.

6. A cooling apparatus for a plant to produce metal products, configured to carry out a rapid cooling or quenching treatment of a metal product, comprising: at least one hydraulic circuit connected on one side to a plurality of delivery nozzles configured to deliver water with defined pressure and flow rate on a metal product in transit, and on the other side to at least one water feed device configured to feed water into said at least one hydraulic circuit, and a control unit configured to receive information at least on characteristics of water pressure and flow rate correlated to a type of metal products to be produced, to the cooling operating times required by said hydraulic circuit and to operating intervals for a metal product, determine a starting instant of each operating interval and command said at least one water feed device to selectively supply water to the respective hydraulic circuit at a determinate advance time with respect to said starting instant based on actual operating modes.

7. A rolling unit for a plant to produce metal products, comprising: at least one of either a roughing unit or a finishing unit provided with respective rolling stands each connected to a hydraulic circuit connected on one side to at least one heat exchange circuit of one of said rolling stands (18, 20), and on the other side to at least one water feed device configured to feed water into said at least one hydraulic circuit, and a control unit configured to receive information at least on characteristics of water pressure and flow rate correlated to a type of metal products to be produced, on cooling operating times required by said hydraulic circuit and on operating intervals for a metal product, determine a starting instant of each operating interval and command said at least one water feed device to selectively supply water to the respective hydraulic circuit at a determinate advance time with respect to said starting instant based on actual operating modes.

8. A method to manage a plant to produce metal products comprising a production line which includes a plurality of operating units, each provided with hydraulic circuits, selected from a melting unit, a casting unit, a rolling unit and a cooling apparatus, said plant comprising a water supply unit equipped with a tank connected, by means of respective delivery circuits, to said hydraulic circuits, and a plurality of water feed devices associated with said delivery circuits and configured to feed water from said tank to said hydraulic circuits, said method comprising: receiving information at least on characteristics of the metal products being worked and on a speed of advance of the products in said operating units, and on a respective functioning modes comprising one or more respective cooling parameters, chosen from water flow rate, pressure, water delivery time, temperature difference between water at entry and water at exit, and respective operating and non-operating times and intervals, of one or each operating unit; commanding said water feed devices to feed water toward each of said respective hydraulic circuits of said operating units or apparatuses based on actual functioning operating modes, receiving information concerning starting instants of the operating intervals of at least one of said operating units, or apparatuses, and activating the water feed devices associated with the respective hydraulic circuit at a determinate advance time with respect to said starting instant.

9. The management method of claim 8, wherein said water feed devices each comprise a plurality of pumping devices, and further comprising determining, as a function of the water pressure and flow rate required in each operating unit, the number of pumping devices necessary to obtain said water pressure and flow rate and to activate, in correspondence with the respective operating intervals, only said number of pumping devices, and to deactivate them in correspondence with said non-operating intervals.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising commanding converter devices associated with said pumping devices to regulate their functioning and power based on the water flow rates and pressures required on each occasion.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising considering some precautionary intervals respectively before and after the real starting and ending instants of an operating interval to compensate for any deviations.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising, measuring actual speed of advance of the product along said production line and calculating the starting instant of the operating interval of a specific operating unit, or apparatus based on the data detected by said detection devices.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising calculating or estimating said advance time based on information or parameters defined by a physical composition of the metal, a size of the slab and of a final product, a number of stands and/or rolling passes necessary to obtain a determinate thickness, and respective durations of operating and non-operating intervals for each operating unit, or by parameters correlated thereto and by length and section sizes of the respective delivery circuits.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] These and other aspects, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of some embodiments, given as a non-restrictive example with reference to the attached drawings wherein:

[0054] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plant to produce metal products according to some embodiments described here;

[0055] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a control apparatus of the plant of FIG. 1;

[0056] FIG. 3 shows a graph that shows the water flow rate required over time for different types of product and the consequent activation of the pumping devices according to the state of the art and according to the invention;

[0057] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the trend of the flow rate of the water fed in correspondence with an operating interval according to some embodiments described here.

[0058] To facilitate comprehension, the same reference numbers have been used, where possible, to identify identical common elements in the drawings. It is understood that elements and characteristics of one embodiment can conveniently be incorporated into other embodiments without further clarifications.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

[0059] We will now refer in detail to the various embodiments of the invention, of which one or more examples are shown in the attached drawings. Each example is supplied by way of illustration of the invention and shall not be understood as a limitation thereof. For example, the characteristics shown or described insomuch as they are part of one embodiment can be adopted on, or in association with, other embodiments to produce another embodiment. It is understood that the present invention shall include all such modifications and variants.

[0060] The embodiments described here with reference to FIG. 1 concern a plant 10 to produce metal products, such as flat products, such as strip or sheets, or long products, such as blooms, slabs, bars, tubes, or round pieces, starting from molten steel.

[0061] The plant 10 can comprise a plurality of operating units, including one or more of: [0062] a continuous casting unit 11, configured to receive molten metal having determinate chemical characteristics and to cast a slab with predefined sizes; [0063] a rolling unit 12, located downstream of the casting unit 11 and configured to reduce the thickness of the slab until a metal product with a determinate final thickness is obtained; [0064] a cooling, or quenching, apparatus 13 located downstream of the rolling unit 12 and configured to carry out a rapid cooling or quenching treatment on the metal product.

[0065] The casting unit 11 can comprise, in a known manner, a ladle 14, a mold 15 with corresponding crystallizer 16 and possibly a pre-rolling device with rolls, located in succession with respect to each other.

[0066] The rolling unit 12 can comprise, disposed in sequence with respect to each other, one or more of: [0067] a roughing unit 17, comprising one or more rolling stands 18, configured to obtain a roughened slab with a first reduction in thickness; [0068] an induction heating furnace 19 configured to heat the roughened slab to a temperature suitable to allow it to be worked; [0069] a finishing unit 20, which also comprises one or more rolling stands 21, configured to reduce the thickness of the roughened slab and obtain a metal product having a determinate final thickness.

[0070] The plant 10 can also comprise a heating furnace 22 disposed between the casting unit 11 and the rolling unit 12, configured to heat the cast slab to a determinate rolling temperature, or maintain it at said temperature.

[0071] The plant 10 can also comprise one or more of: [0072] first cutting means 23, configured to cut to size a slab upstream of the rolling unit 12, in the case of a “coil-to-coil” or “semi-endless” type process; [0073] winding/unwinding devices 24, 25, located upstream and downstream of the roughing unit 17, or of a rolling stand 18, if they are of the reversible type, configured to selectively wind and/or unwind the roughened slab and to maintain it at the rolling temperature; [0074] second cutting means 26 configured to carry out the head/tail trimming and possible scrapping of the roughened slab in the event of an emergency, or to cut to size the semi-finished metal products at exit from the rolling unit 12 or downstream of the cooling apparatus 13; [0075] a winding reel 27 configured to wind the metal products obtained, in particular in the case of flat rolled products.

[0076] The plant 10 can provide a winding/unwinding device 34 with at least two mandrels 43a, 43b to carry out a winding/unwinding step following the rapid heating step. In the example case, the two mandrels 43a, 43b are able to selectively and alternatively carry out the function of winding the metal product heated in the heating furnace 22 and of unwinding it in order to feed it to a subsequent rolling stand 18 of the reversible type of the roughing unit 17.

[0077] The plant 10 can also be provided with a melting unit 28, configured to obtain a bath of molten metal with determinate chemical characteristics, comprising one or more of either an electric arc furnace (EAF) 29, a ladle furnace (LF) 30, or a vacuum degassing (VD) treatment apparatus 31.

[0078] The melting 28, casting 11, and rolling 12 units and the treatment apparatus 31 form a production line LP.

[0079] According to one aspect of the present invention, each operating unit 11, 12, 28, or each apparatus 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 29, 30, 31, or each component 18, 21, is provided with respective hydraulic circuits 32 for the flow of a water flow suitable to cool the components located in contact with or in the proximity of the metal product being worked, or to cool/treat the metal product itself.

[0080] According to possible embodiments, in the case of the casting 11, rolling 12 and melting unit 28, the respective hydraulic circuits 32 can be connected to respective heat exchange circuits, not shown, associated with one or more components or apparatuses 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31 so as to cool them in a suitable manner.

[0081] According to possible embodiments, at least in the case of the cooling apparatus 13 the, or the respective, hydraulic circuits 32 can be connected to delivery nozzles 33 suitable to deliver water with the required pressure and flow rate onto the metal product.

[0082] According to some embodiments, the plant 10 comprises a water supply unit 35 comprising a tank 36, suitable to contain water maintaining it at a temperature substantially equal to ambient temperature, connected to the different hydraulic circuits 32 by means of respective delivery 34 and return (not shown) conduits.

[0083] According to some embodiments, the hydraulic circuits 32 can comprise valves or other interception devices 39 which can be selectively activated to allow the water present in the delivery conduits 34 to flow toward the respective hydraulic circuit 32, or divert it, when it is not required, into the return conduit toward the tank 36.

[0084] The water supply unit 35 also comprises a plurality of water feed devices 37, which can be selectively activated to allow the circulation of the water from the tank 36 toward the respective delivery conduits 34.

[0085] According to some embodiments, the water feed devices 37 can comprise one or more of either solenoid valves, pumping devices, or a combination thereof.

[0086] According to some embodiments, each water feed device 37 comprises a plurality of pumping devices, the number of which can vary as a function of the water flow rate and pressure required by the respective hydraulic circuit 32 and by the operating unit 11, 12, 13, 28, or apparatus/component with which it is associated, and the working power of the single pumping device.

[0087] According to some embodiments, the plant also comprises a plurality of converter devices 38, or inverters, each associated with one or more pumping devices, which can be selectively driven to activate/deactivate the respective pumping devices with which they are associated, or to regulate their functioning, and in particular to vary their flow rate as a function of requirements.

[0088] According to some embodiments, the electric current fed to the frequency devices can be varied by means of the converters 38, for example changing its intensity or frequency, consequently adjusting the flow rate of the water fed by the latter.

[0089] According to one aspect of the present invention, the plant 10 comprises a control unit 40 configured to command the functioning of the water supply unit 35, and in particular of the water feed devices 37, to selectively supply water to the respective circuits 32 based on the requirements of each of the operating units 11, 12, 13, 28, or apparatuses, with which they are associated.

[0090] According to some embodiments, the plant 10 comprises a single control unit 40 configured to manage the functioning of the water supply unit 35 for all operating units 11, 12, 13, 28.

[0091] According to possible alternative solutions, a plurality of control units 40 can be provided, each associated with a single operating unit 11, 12, 13, 28 or with a subset thereof, and configured to manage the functioning of the water supply unit 35 for the respective individual unit or subset.

[0092] According to some embodiments, the control unit 40 is configured to receive information regarding the characteristics of the metal products to be produced and the speed of advance of the metal products in the individual operating units 11, 12, 13 or 28, or in the respective apparatuses of each of such operating units, and to command the water supply unit 35 accordingly.

[0093] In particular, the control unit 40 can receive, from a management unit 41 of the plant, information regarding a “recipe” for a determinate metal product, comprising respective durations of operating and non-operating intervals for each operating unit 11, 12, 13, or apparatus, and can command each of the water feed devices 37 to activate them in correspondence with their respective operating intervals and deactivate them in correspondence with the non-operating intervals (FIG. 2).

[0094] According to some embodiments, the “recipes” supplied to the control unit 40 can comprise one or more pieces of information/parameters selected from physical properties and composition of the metal, size of the slab and of the final product, number of stands and/or rolling passes necessary to obtain a determinate thickness.

[0095] Based on these parameters, and possibly also based on the speed of advance of the semi-finished product or of the metal product along the production line LP, it is possible to determine and/or estimate the temperature of the metal product, and/or the temperature T° C. and/or flow rate Q of the cooling water required for the metal product in transit and/or for the components in contact with it, and the required delivery time t (FIG. 2).

[0096] As a function of this information, the control unit 40 can consequently activate all and only the pumping devices necessary to supply the required water flow rate/pressure substantially only for a time correlated to the operating intervals.

[0097] By “operating interval” we mean a time interval during which a metal product is subjected to working, and therefore a supply is required of cooling water with the appropriate flow rate and pressure, while by “non-operating interval” we mean a time interval during which there is no metal product being worked and the respective operating unit, or apparatus, is in a suspended or stand-by step.

[0098] The non-operating intervals can be of different types or durations, as a function of the respective operating unit or apparatus 11, 12, 13, 28, or the type of process in progress.

[0099] By way of example, in the case of a “coil-to-coil” process, “gap time” intervals T.sub.GAP can occur in the cooling apparatus 13, for example between the arrival of one product to be worked and the next one, and “batch time” intervals T.sub.BATCH can occur when it is necessary to change the type of products being worked, which alternate with the operating or cooling intervals T.sub.COOL (FIG. 3).

[0100] In the case of an “endless” type process, only the “batch time” intervals occur, since the process is substantially continuous between the casting unit 11 and the cooling apparatus 13.

[0101] In the case of the rolling unit 12, the operating interval T.sub.COOL substantially corresponds to the time for rolling the slab, while the non-operating intervals can comprise both the interval between the working of one slab and the next, and also the waiting time for the adjustment of the rolls in the case of a rolling stand of the reversible type, and also the time for changing the type of products.

[0102] The durations of the operating and non-operating intervals can be highly variable. By way of example, for a cooling or quenching apparatus 13, they can have the following durations: [0103] operating interval T.sub.COOL: between 15 and 40 sec; [0104] gap time T.sub.GAP: from 80 to 180 sec; [0105] batch time T.sub.BATCH: from 220 to 550 sec.

[0106] In the case of the plate mill PM of a rolling unit 12, the operating interval can have a duration comprised between 140 and 180 sec and the non-operating interval can have a duration comprised between 240 and 280 sec.

[0107] From the above examples, it is clear that if the pumping devices of the water feed devices 37 are switched on in correspondence with the operating intervals and switched off in correspondence with the non-operating ones, there is a considerable saving in energy consumption, since for most of the time they can be kept inactive, or active at minimum.

[0108] By “active at minimum” we mean that the pumping devices can be kept switched on and functioning at the minimum power provided for each of them, for example comprised between 10% and 40% of the rated power.

[0109] By way of example, in the case of the cooling apparatus 13 there can be provided between 4 and 10 pumping devices, each suitable to supply water with a determinate flow rate, for example comprised between 1000 and 1500 m.sup.3/h, a determinate pressure, for example between 4 and 8 bar (4-8×10.sup.5 Pascal) and a determinate power, for example comprised between 300 and 500 kW.

[0110] FIG. 3 shows, by way of example, the trend of the water flow rate required in the case of a cooling apparatus 13 which operates in a “coil-to-coil” process for a first and a second type of product, which require a first flow rate Q1 and a second flow rate Q2.

[0111] As can be seen in FIG. 3, in the plants according to the state of the art, the pumping devices are always switched on and at maximum power (dotted line), and they send water continuously to the respective hydraulic circuits 32, regardless of actual requirements. According to the invention (solid line), on the contrary, the pumping devices are alternately switched on and off, or possibly kept at minimum power functioning regime, in order to deliver water only when it is actually required.

[0112] Since, as a function of the type of metal product being worked, the water flow rate required can vary between 0 and 15000 m.sup.3/h, the number of pumping devices active on each occasion can vary as a function of requirements.

[0113] For example, the control unit 40 can determine, based on the “recipe” and/or the information received from the management unit 41, how many pumping devices are required for each combination of water flow rate and pressure required, and command the activation of all and only the pumping devices required.

[0114] Referring to the example of the cooling apparatus 13 described above, the control and command unit 40 can activate: [0115] no pumping device if the flow rate required is 0 m.sup.3/h; [0116] a single pumping device if the flow rate required is less than 1000 m.sup.3/h; [0117] four pumping devices if the flow rate required is less than 4,000 m.sup.3/h; [0118] all pumping devices if the flow rate required is 8000 m.sup.3/h.

[0119] Preferably, each pumping device can be commanded autonomously and independently with respect to the others.

[0120] According to some embodiments, the control unit 40 can command the pumping devices by acting on the respective converter devices 38 associated therewith, so as to guarantee that during the operating intervals T.sub.COOL the water is delivered at the required pressure.

[0121] In the case of a roughing unit 17, 20, in particular for a Plate Mill (PM), there can be provided four pumping devices for the low-pressure PM, with a flow rate comprised between 1300 and 1400 m.sup.3/h, pressure comprised between 5-6 bar and power comprised between 380-450 kW, while for the high-pressure PM there can be provided four pumping devices having flow rate comprised between 800 and 850 m.sup.3/h, pressure comprised between 14-15 bar and power comprised between 500-600 kW.

[0122] Also in this case, the control unit 40 can command the activation of only the pumping devices required to guarantee the correct supply of water to the respective hydraulic circuit 32.

[0123] For example, two pumping devices can be activated for low-pressure PM and two for the high-pressure PM, when the PM requires about 3200 m.sup.3/h, while three pumping devices can be activated for the low-pressure PM and three for the high-pressure PM when the flow rate required is around 6400 m.sup.3/h.

[0124] In the case of the melting unit 28 and of the casting unit 11, verifying and determining the number of pumping devices required on each occasion can be carried out in a similar manner.

[0125] According to some embodiments, the activation/deactivation of the individual pumping devices can also be performed based on the difference in temperature of the water between the entry and exit of the respective heat exchange circuits, or the temperature of the water at exit, detected with special sensors.

[0126] For example, if the temperature difference is smaller than a determinate threshold value, or the temperature at exit is greater than a maximum value, it can be provided to increase the number, or speed, of the respective pumping devices, while in the event the temperature difference is greater than a second threshold value, or the temperature at exit is lower than a limit value, it can be provided to reduce the number, or speed, of the pumping devices, preferably acting by means of the converters 38.

[0127] According to some embodiments, in order to guarantee that when it is necessary to deliver the water in the circuit, it has the flow rate and pressure required, the control unit 40 can be configured to activate the pumping devices at a determinate advance time Δt with respect to the starting instant of each operating interval T.sub.COOL.

[0128] The entity of the interval Δt can be determined in the design phase of the water supply unit 35, or be derived and calculated on the basis thereof, since it is correlated and dependent on the length and section of the delivery conduits 14.

[0129] The Δt can be calculated as the time required to pressurize the delivery conduits 14 so that, at the starting instant t.sub.0 of the operating interval T.sub.COOL, in correspondence with the respective hydraulic circuit 32, there is water with the required pressure.

[0130] According to some embodiments, the control unit 40 provides to activate, at the instant t*=t.sub.0−Δt, the converter devices 38 associated with the pumping device(s) required, in order to start their ramping up and prevent the water from being delivered late, or with unsuitable pressure (FIG. 4).

[0131] According to some embodiments, the starting instant t.sub.0 of each operating interval can be determined based on the “recipe” associated with the type of metal product to be produced and the expected speed of advance of the semi-finished product or product along the production line LP.

[0132] According to some variants, the starting instant t.sub.0 of one or more operating intervals can be also determined, or calculated, or estimated, based on one or more parameters detected and monitored in real time during the process. By way of example, one or more detection devices 42 can be provided along the production line LP, configured to measure the actual speed of advance of the product in the production line LP.

[0133] There can also be provided devices to monitor the functioning status of one or more operating units 28, 11, 12 or of one or more of the respective apparatuses disposed downstream, which can be connected to and communicate with the management unit 41.

[0134] For example, in the event a malfunction occurs, such as a jam or a break in the roughing unit 17, it can be provided to keep the water feed devices 37 of the apparatuses disposed downstream of the roughing unit 17 at minimum, until normal functioning conditions have been restored and, once the process has been restarted, consequently calculate the starting instants t.sub.0 of the corresponding operating intervals for each operating unit and apparatus of the production line LP.

[0135] According to other embodiments, the control unit 40, at the end of the operating interval T.sub.COOL, that is, at the instant t.sub.1, will provide to deactivate the previously activated converter devices 38, in such a way as to switch off the pumping devices, or keep them switched on at minimum.

[0136] According to some embodiments, the starting instant t.sub.0 and the ending instant t.sub.1 considered can coincide with the real starting and ending instants, or they can be different, providing precautionary intervals, or buffer time T.sub.B respectively before and after the real starting and ending instants so as to compensate for any small deviations from them.

[0137] The interaction between the management unit 41 of the production line LP, the water supply unit 35 and the control unit 40 which communicates with both and consequently regulates the water supply according to real requirements, allows high versatility and adaptability of the plant 10 for any type of metal product whatsoever, and at the same time allows to optimize energy consumption.

[0138] Some embodiments described here also concern a method to manage a plant 10 to produce metal products as described above. The method provides to receive information relating to the characteristics of the products being worked in relation to the sizes, thickness, and chemical composition of the metal products to be obtained; [0139] receive information relating to the respective cooling parameters, comprising one or more of water flow rate, pressure, water delivery time, temperature difference between water at entry and water at exit, and the respective operating and non-operating times of one or more operating units 11, 12, 28 or cooling apparatuses 13; [0140] command the feed devices 34 to feed water toward respective delivery conduits 34 associated with each of the hydraulic circuits 32 as a function of the respective operating and non-operating intervals of each operating unit 11, 12, 28 or cooling apparatus 13.

[0141] According to some embodiments, the management method provides to feed

[0142] the water to the respective hydraulic circuits 32 by activating, in an autonomous and independent manner with respect to each other, all and only the pumping devices required to deliver on each occasion, in correspondence with each operating interval, the required water flow rate with predefined pressure, and provides to deactivate the pumping devices, or keep them switched on at minimum, in correspondence with the non-operating intervals.

[0143] According to other embodiments, the method provides to regulate the functioning and power of the pumping devices by means of converter devices 38, based on the water flow rates and pressures required on each occasion.

[0144] According to some embodiments, the method provides to command the activation of the converter devices 38 in advance with respect to the starting instant of each operating interval, so as to start the ramping up of each converter device 38 before the instant in which it is necessary for it to be fully operational.

[0145] It is clear that modifications and/or additions of parts or steps may be made to the plant 10 to produce metal products, and to the management method as described heretofore, without departing from the field and scope of the present invention as defined by the claims.

[0146] It is also clear that, although the present invention has been described with reference to some specific examples, a person of skill in the art shall certainly be able to achieve many other equivalent forms of plant 10 to produce metal products, and management method, having the characteristics as set forth in the claims and hence all coming within the field of protection defined thereby.