PURE POLYURETHANE CONDOM HAVING ADHESIVE LAYER AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR
20230157862 · 2023-05-25
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
B29K2075/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
A61L31/06
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61F6/04
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L31/14
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L2420/04
HUMAN NECESSITIES
B29C41/22
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
A61F6/04
HUMAN NECESSITIES
A61L31/06
HUMAN NECESSITIES
Abstract
Disclosed are a polyurethane condom (100) with an adhesive layer (20) and a preparation method therefor. The polyurethane condom (100) with the adhesive layer (20) comprises a first polyurethane film layer (10), the adhesive layer (20) on the first polyurethane film layer (10), and a second film layer (30) on the adhesive layer (20), wherein the adhesive layer (20) includes 0 to 100% by weight of a polar component, 0 to 100% by weight of a non-polar component, and 0 to 100% by weight of a material composed of a polar and non-polar hybrid component, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 30 μm.
Claims
1. A polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer, comprising: a first polyurethane film layer; an adhesive layer on the first polyurethane film layer; and a second film layer on the adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer includes 0 to 100% by weight of a polar component, 0 to 100% by weight of a non-polar component, and 0 to 100% by weight of a material composed of a polar and non-polar hybrid component, and has a thickness of 0.1 to 30 μm.
2. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, having a burst pressure of 1 kPa or more, and/or a burst volume of 5 L or more.
3. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, having a thickness of 0.010 to 0.080 mm.
4. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer has a 100% tensile modulus of 2.5 N/mm.sup.2 or lower.
5. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the polar component is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane resins, neoprene, polyvinyl acetate resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer resins, polyacrylates, polyvinyl chlorides, proteins, starches, celluloses, and epoxy resins, and any combinations thereof.
6. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer includes 100% by weight of the polar component which is a polyurethane resin.
7. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 6, wherein the polyurethane resin is selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric waterborne polyurethanes, or solvent-based and solvent-free polyurethanes, and any combinations thereof.
8. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 7, wherein the polyurethane resin is selected from the group consisting of polyether-based, polyester-based, and polyether-polyester hybrid polyurethane resins, and any combinations thereof.
9. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 7, wherein the anionic waterborne polyurethane is a carboxylic acid-based polyurethane, a sulfonic acid-based polyurethane, or a mixture of both.
10. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the non-polar component is selected from the group consisting of natural rubbers, polyolefins, silicone resins, butyl rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polyesters, rosin resins, terpene resins, rosin resins and stretched forms thereof, and any combinations thereof.
11. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the polar and non-polar hybrid component is selected from an organically modified polar or non-polar polymeric material.
12. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 11, wherein the organic modification is selected from the group consisting of organosilicon modification, organofluorine modification, silane modification, acrylate copolymerization modification, vinyl modification, aromatic monomer modification, polyether modification, polyester modification, isocyanate modification, amination, carboxylation, hydroxylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, and polymerization modification, and any combinations thereof.
13. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive layer includes 50% by weight of a polar component and 50% by weight of a non-polar component.
14. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, comprising at least one adhesive layer.
15. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the second film layer has a 100% modulus of 1 N/mm.sup.2 or lower.
16. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the second film layer is a layer composed of a polyurethane resin.
17. The polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 1, wherein the second film layer is a layer composed of a natural rubber or a polyisoprene resin.
18. A polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer, comprising: a first polyurethane film layer; a first adhesive layer on the first polyurethane film layer; a second film layer on the adhesive layer; a second adhesive layer on the second film layer, the second adhesive layer having the same structure as that of the first adhesive layer; and a third polyurethane film layer on the second film layer, the third polyurethane film layer having the same structure as that of the first polyurethane film layer, wherein the first adhesive layer includes 0 to 100% by weight of a polar component, 0 to 100% by weight of a non-polar component, and 0 to 100% by weight of a material composed of polar and non-polar hybrid component, and has a thickness of 0.1-30 μm; wherein the first adhesive layer has a 100% tensile modulus of 2.5 N/mm.sup.2 or lower; wherein the second film layer includes a natural rubber or a polyisoprene resin; and wherein the polyurethane condom has a thickness of 0.010-0.080 mm.
19. A method for preparing a polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer, comprising the steps of: dipping in a polyurethane resin and drying, to form a first polyurethane film layer; dipping in an adhesive layer material and drying, to form an adhesive layer on the first polyurethane film layer; dipping in a second film layer material and drying, to form a second film layer on the adhesive layer; dipping in a release agent to apply the release agent on the second film layer, followed by drying, demolding, and electrical testing to obtain the polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer; wherein the adhesive layer includes 0 to 100% by weight of a polar component, 0 to 100% by weight of a non-polar component, and 0 to 100% by weight of a material composed of polar and non-polar hybrid component, and has a thickness of 0.1-30 μm.
20. The method for preparing a polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer according to claim 19, wherein the dipping in a polyurethane resin is carried out by dipping a mold composed of glass or a thermoplastic polymer in the polyurethane resin.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] The drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the following drawings depict only certain embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting its scope. For a person of ordinary skill in the art, other relevant drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without paying any inventive effort.
[0034]
[0035]
[0036]
[0037]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments in the present disclosure will be clearly and fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to provide a clear understanding of for the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, it is to be understood that the described embodiments are part of, and not all of, the present disclosure. The components of the embodiments in the present disclosure, which are generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein, can be configured and designed upon different needs.
[0039] As shown in
[0040] The polyurethane condom 100 having a thickness within the above range has a burst pressure of for example 1 kPa or more, preferably 3 kPa or more, for example, 3 kPa, 4 kPa, or 5 kPa, and a burst volume of for example 5 L or more, for example, 8 L, 12 L, or 18 L.
[0041] The polyurethane condom 100 may have a strength, e.g. tensile strength, of for example 30 MPa or more, preferably 40 MPa or more, and a 100% modulus of for example 2.5 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, such as 2 N/mm.sup.2, 1.8 N/mm.sup.2, 1.5 N/mm.sup.2, or 1 N/mm.sup.2.
[0042] As shown in
[0043] As shown in
[0044] As shown in
[0045] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin may have a tensile strength of for example 25 MPa or more, preferably 30 MPa or more, for example, 35 MPa, 38 MPa, 40 MPa, 55 MPa, 60 MPa or more, so as to form a high-strength polyurethane resin A, from which a first polyurethane film layer 10 formed has a high tensile strength and is not easily damaged.
[0046] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin may have a 100% tensile modulus of, for example, 3.5 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, such as 3.2 N/mm.sup.2, 3 N/mm.sup.2, 2.8 N/mm.sup.2, 2.5 N/mm.sup.2, 2 N/mm.sup.2, 1.8 N/mm.sup.2, 1.5 N/mm.sup.2 or 0.6 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, to form a low-modulus polyurethane resin B, from which a first polyurethane film layer 10 formed has good flexibility.
[0047] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin may have an elongation at break of, for example, 500% or more, for example, 600%, 700% or more, preferably 800% or more, for example 830%, 900%, 1000% or more, so as to form a high-ductility polyurethane resin C, from which a first polyurethane film layer 10 formed has high ductility and stretchability.
[0048] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin has a wet-film tensile strength retention of 60% or more, for example, 65% or 75%, after a dry film formed therefrom is immersed in water at 30° C. to 60° C. for 0.1-1 h, such as in water at 40° C. for 0.5 h, in water at 50° C. for 0.5 h, or in water at 50° C. for 0.6 h, thereby forming a water-resistant polyurethane resin D, from which a first polyurethane film layer 10 formed has good water resistance.
[0049] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin may be used alone to make a condom, and such a condom of 10-25 μm, such as 20 μm or 22 μm, made thereof has a burst pressure of 1.0 kPa or more, for example 2.0 kPa, 3.0 kPa, 4.0 kPa, 5.0 kPa or more, thereby forming a high burst-pressure polyurethane resin E.
[0050] In some embodiments, the polyurethane resin may be used alone to make a condom, and such a condom of 10-25 μm, such as 20 μm or 22 μm, made thereof has a burst volume of 5 L or more, for example 8 kPa, 10 kPa, 12 kPa, 15 kPa, 18 kPa or more, thereby forming a high burst-volume polyurethane resin F.
[0051] It should be understood that only some properties of the polyurethane resin for the first polyurethane film layer 10 are described here, the properties of the polyurethane resin are certainly not limited thereto, and polyurethane resin with more properties may be achieved according to actual needs, such as tear resistance, oil resistance, blocking resistance, electric breakdown resistance, etc.
[0052] As shown in
[0053] Referring to
[0054] The polar component is, for example, a polymer material having a polar group, and examples thereof may include polyurethane, neoprene, polyvinyl acetate resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer resins, polyacrylates, polyvinyl chlorides, proteins, starches, cellulose, epoxy resins, etc. For example, the adhesive layer 20 may be a layer formed of 100% by weight of a polyurethane resin, or a layer formed of an emulsion of the polyurethane resin mixed with other auxiliary agents. The auxiliary agents may be, for example, functional auxiliary agents such as a lubricant, a bactericide, a thickener, a wetting agent, an antifoaming agent and the like, but certainly not limited thereto. The polyurethane resin may be any suitable kind of aliphatic polyurethane or aromatic polyurethane, and preferably, for example, an anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, solvent-based or solvent-free polyurethane. More preferably, the anionic polyurethane is carboxylic acid-based, sulfonic acid-based, or a mixture of both. The raw materials and preparation process for the polyurethane may be adjusted to prepare a desired polyurethane. From the viewpoints of obtaining the adhesion of the adhesive layer 20 and balancing the properties between the first polyurethane film layer 10 and the second film layer 30, the polyurethane resin for the polyurethane adhesive layer 20 is different from the polyurethane resins for the other film layers, and the polyurethane resin is a low-modulus polyurethane material synthesized from a polyether and/or polyester polyol. Since a polyether-based, polyester-based, or polyether-polyester hybrid polyurethane resin is obtained, the polyurethane resin has a good adhesiveness to other materials such as polyurethane and natural rubbers or polyisoprenes while having the characteristics of flexibility.
[0055] The non-polar component is, for example, a polymer material having a non-polar group, and examples thereof may include natural rubbers, polyolefins, silicone resins, butyl rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polyesters, rosin resins, terpene resins, rosin resins and stretched forms thereof.
[0056] The polar and non-polar hybrid component refers to, for example, a polymer material having both a polar group and a non-polar group so as to exhibit both polarity and non-polarity. It can be obtained by modifying a polar material, such as a polar polymer material, with a material having a non-polar group. In some specific embodiments, a waterborne polyurethane is modified with a polyisoprene polyol or a vinyl group. It is certainly also possible that a non-polar material, such as a non-polar polymer material, is modified with a material having a polar group. For example, a natural rubber may be modified with a polyvinyl alcohol or a polyacrylic acid, thereby obtaining a polymer material having both a polar group and a non-polar group.
[0057] Furthermore, it should also be understood that the modification process may be carried out by organic modification of the polar or non-polar material to obtain a polymeric material having both polar and non-polar groups. The organic modification includes, without limitation, organosilicon modification, organofluorine modification, silane modification, acrylate copolymerization modification, vinyl modification, aromatic monomer modification, polyether modification, amination, carboxylation, epoxidation, hydroxylation, sulfonation, or polymerization modification. Furthermore, the modification may be chemical or physical modification, or modification in any other suitable manners.
[0058] In other embodiments, the material for the adhesive layer 20 may be reactive with the first polyurethane film layer 10 or the second film layer 30. Specifically, the material for the adhesive layer 20 has for example a vinyl group, a silane group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a hydroxyl group, allowing reaction with polyurethane or a vinyl group, so that the adhesive layer 20 can form a chemical bond with polyurethane or natural rubber.
[0059] The adhesive layer 20 has a structure different from the other film layers. The material for the adhesive layer 20 has a 100% tensile modulus of 2.5 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, such as 2 N/mm.sup.2, 1.8 N/mm.sup.2, 1.5 N/mm.sup.2, 1.2 N/mm.sup.2, 1 N/mm.sup.2, or 0.8 N/mm.sup.2.
[0060] Referring to
[0061] As shown in
[0062] As shown in
[0063] In some embodiment, for example, the second film layer 30 is a layer formed of a polyurethane resin, or a layer formed of an emulsion of the polyurethane resin mixed with other auxiliary agents. The auxiliary agent may be, for example, functional auxiliary agents such as a lubricant, a bactericide, a thickener, a wetting agent, or an antifoaming agent, but certainly not limited thereto.
[0064] Herein, the second film layer 30 may have a structure, for example, the same as that of the first polyurethane film layer 10. Specifically, for example, the polyurethane resin for the second polyurethane film layer 30 has the same properties as those of the first polyurethane film layer 10. Specifically, for example, the first polyurethane film layer 10 and the second polyurethane film layer 30 are of the same polyurethane resin, both being the high-strength polyurethane resin A, or both being the low-modulus polyurethane resin B, or both being the high-ductility polyurethane resin C, and are bonded via the adhesive layer 20 (for example, the adhesive layer resin is represented by “N”), thereby obtaining a high-strength ANA-layer-structure polyurethane condom 100, or a flexible BNB-layer-structure polyurethane condom 100, or a high-ductility CNC-layer-structure polyurethane condom 100, respectively. In addition, for example, the second polyurethane film layer 30 and the first polyurethane film layer 10 may have the same thickness, for example, a thickness of 10 μm, 15 μm, or 20 μm. The present invention is certainly not limited thereto.
[0065] The second film layer 30 may have a structure for example different from that of the first polyurethane film layer 10. Specifically, for example, the polyurethane resin for the second polyurethane film layer 30 has properties different from those of the first polyurethane film layer 10. Specifically, for example, the polyurethane resin for the first polyurethane film layer 10 is a high-strength polyurethane resin A, and the polyurethane resin for the second polyurethane film layer 30 is a low-modulus polyurethane resin B, and they are bonded via the adhesive layer 20 to obtain a polyurethane condom 100 having an ANB layer structure having both high strength and flexibility. For another example, the polyurethane resin for the first polyurethane film layer 10 is a high-strength polyurethane resin A, and the polyurethane resin for the second polyurethane film layer 30 is a high-ductility polyurethane resin C, and they are bonded via the adhesive layer 20 to obtain a polyurethane condom 100 having an ANC layer structure having both high strength and high stretchability. For another example, the polyurethane resin for the first polyurethane film layer 10 is a low-modulus polyurethane resin B, and the polyurethane resin for the second polyurethane film layer 30 is a high burst-pressure polyurethane resin E, and they are bonded via the adhesive layer 20 to obtain a polyurethane condom 100 having a BNE layer structure having both high strength and a high burst pressure. The present disclosure utilizes the adhesion of the adhesive layer 20 to exert the performance advantages of each of the first polyurethane film layer 10 and the second polyurethane film layer 30, so as to obtain a polyurethane condom with an optimized performance. In addition, for example, the second polyurethane film layer 30 may have a thickness different from that of the first polyurethane film layer 10. For example, the first polyurethane film layer 10 may be 10 μm thick while the second polyurethane film layer 30 may be 15 μm thick; or the first polyurethane film layer 10 may be 15 μm thick while the second polyurethane film layer 30 may be 10 μm thick. The present invention is certainly not limited thereto
[0066] In other embodiments, the second film layer 30 is, for example, a natural rubber or a polyisoprene resin. In some embodiments, the second film layer has a 100% modulus of, for example, 1 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, preferably, 0.7 N/mm.sup.2 or lower, so as to have excellent flexibility. Thus, the polyurethane film layer and a natural rubber or polyisoprene resin film layer can be tightly bonded via the adhesive layer 20, so that the condom prepared has both the properties of the polyurethane resin and the properties of the natural rubber or polyisoprene resin.
[0067] As shown in
[0068] As shown in
[0069] As shown in
[0070] As shown in
[0071] As shown in
[0072] Step S1, dipping in a polyurethane resin and drying, to form a first polyurethane film layer;
[0073] Step S2, dipping in an adhesive layer material and drying, to form an adhesive layer on the first polyurethane film layer;
[0074] Step S3, dipping in a second film layer material and drying, to form a second film layer on the adhesive layer;
[0075] Step S4, dipping in a release agent to apply it on the second film layer, followed by drying, demolding, and electrical testing to obtain the polyurethane condom having an adhesive layer.
[0076] During steps S1-S4 as described above, for example, a glass mould may be used and the surface of the glass mould is heated to 20° C. to 50° C., e.g. 35° C. or 40° C.; dipped in the first polyurethane resin and dried at for example 80° C. to 120° C., e.g. 90° C., 100° C., or 110° C.; dipped in the adhesive layer material and dried at 70° C. to 110° C., e.g. 80° C., 90° C., or 100° C.; and dipped in the second film layer material and dried at 100° C. to 120° C., e.g. 110° C.; after rolling, the polyurethane condom is dried at 100° C. to 150° C., e.g. 120° C., 135° C. or 140° C., then dipped in the release agent and dried at 75° C. to 95° C., e.g. 78° C., 80° C. or 85° C., followed by demoulding, electrical testing, inner packaging, and outer packaging to obtain the polyurethane condom product.
[0077] The present disclosure is further described in detail by using the examples below.
EXAMPLE
Example 1
[0078] The raw materials for the composite polyurethane condom included:
[0079] Polyurethane Resin (having a modulus of 2.5 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 55 MPa),
[0080] Aliphatic sulfonic acid-based waterborne polyurethane resin for the adhesive layer (having a modulus of 1.0 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 5 MPa),
[0081] Polyisoprene (PI) Resin.
[0082] A glass mould was cleaned, heated to a surface temperature of 30° C., dipped in the polyurethane resin to a thickness controlled at 0.013 mm, and oven-dried at 90° C. Then the resultant was dipped in the adhesive layer material to a thickness controlled at 0.002 mm, and oven-dried at 80° C. Then the resultant was dipped in the polyisoprene resin to a thickness controlled at 0.015 mm and oven-dried at 100° C. After rolling, the product was oven-dried at 120° C., dipped in a release agent, and oven-dried at 80° C., followed by demoulding, electrical testing, inner packaging, and outer packaging to prepare Polyurethane Condom 1 having a structure of a polyurethane film layer+a polyurethane film layer+a polyisoprene film layer. Upon testing, Polyurethane Condom 1 had a thickness of 0.03 mm, a 100% modulus of 0.8 N/mm.sup.2, a burst pressure of 2.0 kPa, a burst volume of 25 L, and a tensile strength of 40 N/mm.sup.2, and showed no delamination when immersed in a NaOH solution at 50° C. for 1 min.
Example 2
[0083] The raw materials for the composite polyurethane condom included:
[0084] Polyurethane Resin (having a modulus of 2.0 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 50 MPa),
[0085] Aliphatic sulfonic acid-based waterborne polyurethane resin for the adhesive layer (having a modulus of 0.8 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 3 MPa),
[0086] Polyisoprene (PI) Resin.
[0087] A glass mould was cleaned, heated to a surface temperature of 40° C., dipped in a natural rubber to a thickness controlled at 0.010 mm, and oven-dried at 110° C. Then the resultant was dipped in N to a thickness controlled at 0.003 mm, and oven-dried at 100° C. Then the resultant was dipped in the polyurethane resin to a thickness controlled at 0.010 mm and oven-dried at 110° C. Then the resultant was dipped in N to a thickness controlled at 0.003 mm, and oven-dried at 100° C. Then the resultant was dipped in a natural rubber to a thickness controlled at 0.010 mm and oven-dried at 120° C. After rolling, the product was oven-dried at 140° C., dipped in a release agent, and oven-dried at 80° C., followed by demoulding, electrical testing, inner packaging, and outer packaging to prepare Polyurethane Condom 2 having a structure of a natural rubber layer+an adhesive layer+a polyurethane film layer+an adhesive layer+a natural rubber layer. Upon testing, Polyurethane Condom 2 had a thickness of 0.036 mm, a 100% modulus of 0.8 N/mm.sup.2, a burst pressure of 2.0 kPa, a burst volume of 30 L, and a tensile strength of 40 N/mm.sup.2, and showed no delamination when immersed in a NaHCO.sub.3 solution at 60° C. for 3 mins.
Example 3
[0088] The raw materials for the composite polyurethane condom included:
[0089] Polyurethane Resin (having a modulus of 1.4 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 40 MPa),
[0090] Aliphatic sulfonic acid-based waterborne polyurethane resin for the adhesive layer (having a modulus of 1.0 N/mm.sup.2 and tensile strength of 5 MPa),
[0091] Polyisoprene (PI) Resin.
[0092] A glass mould was cleaned, heated to a surface temperature of 40° C., dipped in the polyurethane resin to a thickness controlled at 0.013 mm, and oven-dried at 110° C. Then the resultant was dipped in N to a thickness controlled at 0.002 mm, and oven-dried at 100° C. Then the resultant was dipped in the polyisoprene resin to a thickness controlled at 0.010 mm and oven-dried at 110° C. Then the resultant was dipped in N to a thickness controlled at 0.002 mm, and oven-dried at 100° C. Then the resultant was dipped in the polyurethane resin to a thickness controlled at 0.013 mm and oven-dried at 120° C. Then the resultant was dipped in a release agent, and oven-dried at 80° C., followed by demoulding, electrical testing, inner packaging, and outer packaging to prepare Polyurethane Condom 3 having a structure of a polyurethane film layer+an adhesive layer+a polyisoprene film layer+an adhesive layer+a polyurethane film layer. Upon testing, Polyurethane Condom 3 had a thickness of 0.04 mm, a 100% modulus of 1.0 N/mm.sup.2, a burst pressure of 2.6 kPa, a burst volume of 20 L, and a tensile strength of 52 N/mm.sup.2, and showed no delamination when immersed in a KOH solution at 60° C. for 5 min.
[0093] The above description is merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. For a person skilled in the art, the features in the above-described embodiments can be combined with each other as long as there is no conflict, and the present disclosure can also have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the examples are to be construed as illustrative and not restrictive, while the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be included herein. Any reference number used in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim.