Imaging Apparatus and Method Which Utilizes Multidirectional Field of View Endoscopy

Abstract

Exemplary apparatus for coupling to a probe and providing information regarding at least one structure can be provided. For example, the apparatus can include an electronics arrangement which is configured to obtain the information and transmit the information wirelessly, and a structural connection configuration which is structured and configured to be attached to the probe. The electronics arrangement can include a detector arrangement which is configured to detect at least one return radiation from at least one portion of at least one sample based on the predetermined patterns, and provide the data for the portion(s) based on the return radiation(s). In addition, a computer arrangement can be provided which is configured to generate the information with includes image data for the portion(s) as a function of the data and prior knowledge of the predetermined patterns.

Claims

1-36. (canceled)

37. An apparatus for coupling to a probe and providing image information regarding at least one structure, comprising: a light-providing arrangement which is configured to forward predetermined patterns of light radiation to the at least one structure; a detector arrangement which is configured to detect at least one return radiation from at least one portion of the at least one structure based on the predetermined patterns, and provide data for the at least one portion based on the at least one return radiation; a computer arrangement which is configured to generate the image information for the at least one portion as a function of the data and prior knowledge of the predetermined patterns; and a structural connection configuration which is structured and configured to be attached to the probe, and connected to the detector arrangement.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the light-providing arrangement includes a source arrangement.

39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the detector arrangement and the computer arrangement are part of an electronics arrangement which is configured to transmit the image information wirelessly.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the electronics arrangement is configured to transmit the image information wirelessly in real time.

41. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the probe has a proximal end and a distal end and a long axis therebetween; and wherein the apparatus further comprises: a portable power arrangement comprising a battery disposed adjacent to the probe, wherein at least a portion of the battery and at least a portion of the detector arrangement are intersected by a plane that is perpendicular to the long axis, the battery being configured to provide power to at least one component of the electronics arrangement.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, further comprising an inductive arrangement which is configured to recharge the portable power arrangement.

43. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the structural connection configuration comprises a cap which is structured and configured to be attached to the probe, wherein the cap includes an inner tube surface comprising a polymeric material to frictionally engage the probe.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the structural connection configuration is structured to be connected to the probe at or near a distal end thereof.

45. The apparatus of claim 37, further comprising a first fluid transmitting arrangement coupled to a second fluid transmitting arrangement of the probe.

46. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the light-providing arrangement is configured to forward multiple radiations at different respective switchable wavelengths to at least one portion of the at least one structure, wherein the multiple radiations are provided as multiple bands of radiation to provide differential contrast for tissue imaging, and wherein the light-providing arrangement includes a plurality of individual lights distributed around a perimeter of the probe, wherein at least two of the plurality of individual lights emit different wavelengths of light from one another.

47. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the probe comprises an endoscope.

48. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein the image information is regarding at least one portion of the at least one structure that is different from further information regarding the at least one structure obtained separately by the probe.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the electronics arrangement is configured to obtain the image information from a first direction, and the probe is configured to obtain the further information from a second direction opposite to the first direction.

50. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the electronics arrangement is configured to obtain the image information from a first direction, and the probe is configured to obtain the further information from a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

51. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the light-providing arrangement is configured to forward multiple radiations at different respective wavelengths to at least one portion of the at least one structure.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Further objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure can become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying Figures showing illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure, in which:

[0037] FIGS. 1A-D are exemplary block diagrams of an imaging apparatus, and optical, and electronic elements thereof, according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0038] FIGS. 2A and 2B are exemplary block diagrams of a redirected light illumination from an endoscope thereof, according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIGS. 3A and 3B are exemplary block diagrams of an imaging apparatus, and optical, electronic, and scanning elements thereof according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIGS. 4A and 4B are exemplary block diagrams of inductive coupling power supply thereof according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG. 5 is cross-sectional views of an exemplary imaging attachment cap that can be used with the exemplary apparati, which includes an inner shape and an outer shape, that can facilitate illuminating and imaging multidirectional fields of views;

[0042] FIGS. 6A and 6B are exemplary block diagrams of the imaging apparatus, and optical, electronic, and mechanic elements thereof according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 7 is an exemplary block diagram of a redirected water or air nozzle and water or air ducts thereof according to certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 8A is a block diagram of an image processing and display system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 8B is a diagram of a field of view provided by the image processing and display system shown in FIG. 8A; and

[0046] FIG. 9 is an exemplary block diagram of the imaging apparatus and probe in which a relative placement of the imaging apparatus and an exemplary length and thickness of an outer housing of the imaging apparatus are illustrated.

[0047] Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals and characters, unless otherwise stated, are used to denote like features, elements, components, or portions of the illustrated embodiments. Moreover, while the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the figures, it is done so in connection with the illustrative embodiments and is not limited by the particular embodiments illustrated in the figures, or the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0048] Using the exemplary embodiments of the apparatus, system and method of the present disclosure, it is possible to facilitate a visualization of a plurality of fields of view, and monitor plurality of indicators of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, e.g., at a plurality of angles with respect to the long axis of the endoscope by multiplexing image fields of view, and multiple functional sensors by using an optical and electronic apparatus. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an optical and electronic apparatus can be provided in which multiple miniature image sensors, signal detectors, lenses, and light emitting diodes (LEDs) are mounted at certain positions such that certain radiations are directed to and/or received from different field angles and therefore illuminate and/or receive different fields of view. Further, multiple sensors can be attached at certain positions to monitor temperature, blood pressure, positions, pH value, and heart rate, etc. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a battery (e.g., 170) and wireless transmitters (e.g., 151) can be attached to provide power and transmit the captured images and acquired signals to a wireless receiver outside the subject under examination.

[0049] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, the illumination sources 142 can be separated with the imaging optics, image sensors and/or signal detectors 141. According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure (see FIGS. 1A and 1B), the image sensor and/or signal detectors 141 can be provided a number of centimeters away from the distal end of an endoscope 100, while the illumination sources 142 are provided on the distal end of the endoscope 100. According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure (see FIG. 1C), the illumination sources 142 can be a particular number of centimeters away from the distal end of the endoscope 100, while the image sensor and/or signal detectors 141 are provided on the distal end of the endoscope 100. An endoscope objective lens 130 can image a forward view 110, while the image sensor and/or signal detectors 141 can image a side/backwards views 120.

[0050] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 1D, imaging optics 143 can be separated with image sensors and/or signal detector 144. For example, the image can be transported from the imaging optics 143 to the image sensor and/or signal detectors 144 using optical fibers 145 and/or relay optical components, such as, e.g., lenses and/or mirrors.

[0051] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, no additional illumination source has to be used. The illumination light 131 from the endoscope can be at least partially redirected to provide side/backwards illumination 121 in different directions in side/backwards views 120. The image sensor and/or signal detectors 141 can image the side/backwards views 120, while the endoscope objective lens 130 can image the forward view 110.

[0052] Traditional imaging using a camera can be replaced with the procedure of, e.g., compressive imaging according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, a single detector, in addition to a suitable scanning mechanism, can be used to acquire the images of the subject under examination. According to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, exemplary images can be detected by photodetectors 146, such as, e.g., photodiodes, photo cathodes, photomultiplier tubes, photoconductive cells, photovoltaic cells, photoresistors, phototransistors, cryogenic detectors, or single pixel CCD or single pixel CMOS sensors. In a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple pixels CCD and CMOS sensors can be used. According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, random and/or pseudorandom binary patterns and/or masks can be used as or instead of the photodetectors 146 to reconstruct the images of the subjects under examination. The exemplary patterns and/or masks 146 can be generated by spatial light modulators, digital micromirror array, spinning disk of random patterns and/or masks. According to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the masks 146 can be implemented using a set of light attenuating layers to modulate the light. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the masks 146 can be implemented using, e.g., array of aperture elements, like liquid crystal display (LCD), of which each element can be controlled independently. According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, scanning mirrors, spatial light modulators, digital micromirror array, and/or array of aperture elements 146 can be used to control the direction of the light illumination, so that images of the subjects under examination can be reconstructed.

[0053] In an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, three-dimensional structures can be measured by the imaging device by using passive stereo vision, using, e.g., multiple camera and/or image sensors, and/or detectors 146. According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, three-dimensional structure can be measured by the imaging device using active stereo vision, e.g., using structured illumination, laser structured light, and/or scanned light beams 146.

[0054] In a still further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging cap 105 can be rotated, such that the imaging device can access any particular area of interest.

[0055] Furthermore, in one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, power can be provided wirelessly, e.g., via an inductive coupling. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, inductive coils 171 can be arranged along the endoscope 100, and positioned such as to avoid the articulation section 101 of the endoscope. A power management circuit 172 can be provided to regulate the voltage and/or the current used in the imaging devices 140 and the wireless transmitters 151. The inductive coil 171 and the power management circuit 172 can be provided on the distal end of the endoscope 100 (see FIG. 4A) or at a variety of positions along the endoscope 100 (see FIG. 4B), in the latter exemplary case, connected to the imaging cap by wires 190.

[0056] According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 5, multiple exemplary configurations of light illumination (see components 154-157) can be included in the cap 105 so as to illuminate the additional fields of view and provide multi wavelengths illumination and tissue fluorescence images. Multi wavelengths can be or have different colors, including, e.g., red, green, blue, and/or white, to provide multi bands imaging and different contrast for the tissue imaging, such as narrow band imaging used frequently in endoscopy. Fluorescence images can include tissue autofluorescence images and exogenous fluorescence images by using exogenous fluorescent contrast agents. In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the light sources (see components 154-157) can be or include, e.g., light emitting diode (LED), laser diode (LD), and/or superluminescent diode (SLD).

[0057] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, switchable different wavelengths and/or color filters can be put in front of the light illumination sources (see components 154-157) to provide different illuminations. For example, switchable different wavelengths and/or color filters can be put in front of the image sensors, sources, and/or signal detectors (see, e.g., components 141, 142) to filter different signals associated with different wavelengths.

[0058] Furthermore, in one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wireless transceivers can be attached to two-way communications with the wireless transceiver outside the subject under examination, to provide a fully functional management and control, such as, e.g., power management and regulation. For example, power can be turn on and off to save energy; light illumination modulation: the wavelength of the illumination source can be specifically chosen; and the positions of the camera can be rotated to provide maximum coverage of the arca under examination.

[0059] In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, to regulate power, the power supply (e.g., the battery 170) can be turned on/off and controlled by sensors of environmental indicators, such as the subject temperature, and/or pulse/heart rate. According to a particular exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the power supply (e.g., the battery 170) can also be turned on/off via a radio frequency (RF) wireless technology and/or optical transmission of the signals using light wavelengths that can penetrate the body effectively.

[0060] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the apparatus is disposable, e.g., with only one time usage or after certain times of usages. In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a control circuit can be provided to allow the imaging device to turn on and off only a certain number of times. In addition or alternatively, the imaging device can be controlled or otherwise made to stop working after sterilization.

[0061] For example, to prevent an inappropriate operation of the imaging device, in one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensor can be provided in the device, such as heat and/or tension sensor, that can detect if there is any external force attempting to break or otherwise damage the imaging cap. If the external force is applied (up to a certain amount), the imaging device can stop working immediately.

[0062] In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging cap 105 can be placed on endoscopes via a universal fit. According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, memory foam and/or silicone gel can be used as the inner tube materials. The materials can provide sufficient friction to grab the endoscope and prevent the cap 105 from falling off. Further, clamps can be used to tightly grip the imaging cap 105, and/or a flexible connection segment can be provided between the battery housing 170 and the cap 105, with the endoscope 100.

[0063] According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a balloon-like structure 160 and soft supportive projections 161, respectively, can be used to center the imaging devices (e.g., including the imaging cap 105) at the center of the anatomical structure, to provide better field of view, right depth of focus, reduction of the distortion due to the scaling, and reduction of the contact the mucosa. In a further another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the balloon 160 and the soft supportive projections 161 can be transparent. According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the diameter of the balloon-like structure 160 and the lengths and angles of the soft supportive projections 161 (as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, respectively) can be controlled by, e.g., a central processing unit (e.g., a computer) in the image device (e.g., the imaging cap 105) by, e.g., inflating the balloon-like structure 160 and/or moving and rotating the soft supportive projections 151.

[0064] In still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the whole or part of the imaging cap 105 can be transparent. A first electro-magnetic radiation, and a second electro-magnetic radiation from at least one anatomical structure that based on the first electro-magnetic radiation can pass through the imaging window.

[0065] According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 7, a transparent window of the imaging cap 105 can be cleaned by a water or air nozzle 181, which can be connected by small hoses and/or ducts 180 with the water or air nozzle 173 of the endoscope 100. In a further another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging cap 105 can be rotated, so that a window shield can be used to scrub the imaging window of the imaging cap 105 to keep it clean. According to yet further another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging window of the imaging cap 105 can be coated with materials (e.g., hydrophobic coatings) to prevent mucus and other environmental liquids from staining the imaging window of the imaging cap 105.

[0066] In an additional exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, it is possible to simultaneously display all the captured images with the endoscope captured images, according to the relative space positions and orientations of the image sensors/signal detectors. Algorithms, procedures and/or software can be provided, e.g., used to program a computer, to correct any distortion of the anatomical structure under examination induced by the imaging apparatus, reconstruct the relative positions of different views related to the forward view of the endoscope, and balance the color. It is also possible to facilitate a toggling to selectively display any individual field of views via a manual and/or electronic switch the algorithms and/or software.

[0067] In order to facilitate an accurate localization of target lesions or regions of interest obtained with the exemplary imaging system, an exemplary procedure (which can be used to program a processing hardware arrangement, such as, e.g., a computer) can be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional positions of the target lesions and/or regions of interest.

[0068] According to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging device (e.g., the imaging cap 105) can provide position information of the target lesions or regions of interest. In a further another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging device (e.g., the imaging cap 105) can mark the anatomical structure by ablation the tissue using heat or laser. According to still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the imaging device (e.g., the imaging cap 105) has position sensor which can provide three dimensional positions of the imaging device relative to a fix position outside the subject, such as the operation bed.

[0069] According to a further exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 9, the imaging apparatus (e.g., which can be or include the imaging cap 105) can include a protective outer housing with a total exemplary length measured along the axis of the probe (191) to be between about, e.g., 25 mm and 35 mm, and total thickness of a wall of the housing extending radially from the probe outer surface (192) can be between about, e.g., 1 mm and 2 mm.

[0070] The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the disclosure. Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments can be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. Indeed, the arrangements, systems and methods according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be used with and/or implement any OCT system, OFDI system, SD-OCT system or other imaging systems including second or higher order harmonic microscopy, sum/difference frequency fluorescence microscopy (one-photon or multi-photon fluorescence), and Raman microscopy (CARS, SRS), and for example with those described in International Patent Application PCT/US2004/029148, filed Sep. 8, 2004 which published as International Patent Publication No. WO 2005/047813 on May 26, 2005, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/266,779, filed Nov. 2, 2005 which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0093276 on May 4, 2006, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/501,276, filed Jul. 9, 2004 which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0018201 on Jan. 27, 2005, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0122246, published on May 9, 2002, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art can be able to devise numerous systems, arrangements, and procedures which, although not explicitly shown or described herein, embody the principles of the disclosure and can be thus within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. In addition, all publications and references referred to above can be incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. It should be understood that the exemplary procedures described herein can be stored on any computer accessible medium, including a hard drive, RAM, ROM, removable disks, CD-ROM, memory sticks, etc., and executed by a processing arrangement and/or computing arrangement which can be and/or include a hardware processors, microprocessor, mini, macro, mainframe, etc., including a plurality and/or combination thereof. In addition, certain terms used in the present disclosure, including the specification, drawings and claims thereof, can be used synonymously in certain instances, including, but not limited to, e.g., data and information. It should be understood that, while these words, and/or other words that can be synonymous to one another, can be used synonymously herein, that there can be instances when such words can be intended to not be used synonymously. Further, to the extent that the prior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by reference herein above, it can be explicitly being incorporated herein in its entirety. All publications referenced above can be incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.