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Translating carriage exercise machines and methods of use

11806574 · 2023-11-07

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    A translatable carriage exercise machine comprising first and second spaced elongate side rails. A moveable carriage translatable along the side rails. An upper support surface on the carriage sized to support the entire posterior trunk of an adult human in supine. A plurality of elastic tension members secured to a bottom of the moveable carriage and fixable to a plurality of spring anchors. An upright footbar positioned at a machine first end. A pair of carriage pulleys fixed at a second end of the exercise apparatus with carriage ropes adjustably fixed to the moveable carriage each looped around respective carriage pulleys. A rotational resistance mechanism comprising an elongate resistance band having an extended configuration and a retracted configuration. The rotational resistance mechanism comprising a resistor comprising a load member. A user option to utilize one or more of the elastic tension members and rotational resistance mechanism during exercise.

    Claims

    1. A translatable carriage exercise machine comprising: a translatable carriage; a frame portion and legs operable to support said translatable carriage; a first end of said translatable carriage exercise machine located at one end of said translatable carriage exercise machine; a second end of said translatable carriage exercise machine opposed from said first end; said frame portion comprising a first elongate side rail; said frame portion comprising a second elongate side rail; said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail spaced and parallel to each other; said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail extending between said first end and said second end; said translatable carriage spanning between said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail; said translatable carriage translatable along said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail; said translatable carriage having an upper support surface operable to support a human; a plurality of elastic tension members secured to said translatable carriage; a plurality of spring anchors at said first end operable for releasable attachment by a free end of said elastic tension members; a rotational resistance mechanism; said rotational resistance mechanism secured to one or more of said frame portion and legs extending from said frame portion; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising an elongate resistance band; said elongate resistance band having an extended configuration; said elongate resistance band having a retracted configuration; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising a resistor operable to spin about an axis; and said elongate resistance band coupled to said resistor whereas applied tension on said resistance band is resisted by said resistor.

    2. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 whereas said resistor is in the form of a non-magnetic load plate.

    3. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 2 whereas said non-magnetic load plate is substantially aluminum.

    4. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 whereas said rotational resistance mechanism comprises a non-magnetic load plate positioned within a magnetic field.

    5. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 4 whereas said magnetic field is consequent one or more magnets positioned adjacent said non-magnetic load plate.

    6. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 whereas said translatable carriage exercise machine is switchable between resistance produced from said plurality of elastic tension members and from said rotational resistance mechanism.

    7. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: one or more carriage ropes; and whereas said one or more carriage ropes are operable for adjustable fixation to said translatable carriage at one end.

    8. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising a reformer spring mode and switchable to one or more of the following rotational resistance modes: a rowing mode simulating rowing machine exercise; a low pulley mode operable for low pulley resistive exercise for standing users at one of said first or second ends of said translatable carriage exercise machine; a high pulley mode operable for high pulley resistive exercise for standing users at one of said first or second ends of said translatable carriage exercise machine; and a carriage band mode operable for user exercise against a resisted moveable carriage.

    9. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 whereas said upper support surface is sized to support at least the entire posterior trunk of an adult human in supine.

    10. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 whereas said rotational resistance mechanism further comprises a resistance adjustment control operable to vary resistance of said rotational resistance mechanism.

    11. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a cord coupling member fixed to said moveable carriage; whereas said elongate resistance band is coupled with said cord coupling member in a carriage band mode.

    12. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a foot restraint; said foot restraint comprising a hindfoot restraint operable to support the hindfoot of a user; and whereas said hindfoot restraint is positioned below the height of said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail in a row mode.

    13. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a jumpboard; a foot restraint; and whereas said foot restraint is coupled to said jumpboard in a row mode.

    14. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a jumpboard; a redirection pulley operable to redirect said elongate resistance band to a different direction; and whereas said redirection pulley is fixed to said jumpboard.

    15. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a footbar positioned at said first end; a redirection pulley operable to redirect said elongate resistance band to a different direction; and whereas said redirection pulley is coupled to said footbar in a row mode.

    16. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a jumpboard; whereas said jumpboard is positioned angled from vertical between said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail in a row mode.

    17. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a footbar positioned at said first end; a jumpboard; said jumpboard angled from vertical; whereas said jumpboard is partially supported by said footbar in a row mode.

    18. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a jumpboard; said plurality of spring anchors operable to anchor one end of each of said elastic tension members; wherein removal of said jump board clears for attachment of at least one of said plurality of elastic tension members to one of said plurality of spring anchors.

    19. A translatable carriage exercise machine comprising: a first end of said translatable carriage exercise machine located at one end of said translatable carriage exercise machine; a second end of said translatable carriage exercise machine opposed from said first end; a first elongate side rail; a second elongate side rail; said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail spaced and parallel to each other; said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail extending between said first end and said second end; a translatable carriage; said translatable carriage spanning between said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail; said translatable carriage translatable along said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail between said first end and said second end; said translatable carriage having an upper support surface operable to support a human during exercise; at least one or the other or both of: a plurality of elastic tension members secured to said translatable carriage, and said first elongate side rail inclined at an angle; at least one or the other or both of: a footbar and a jumpboard positioned at said first end; a rotational resistance mechanism; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising an elongate resistance band; said elongate resistance band having an extended configuration; said elongate resistance band having a retracted configuration; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising a resistor operable to spin about an axis; said elongate resistance band coupled to said resistor whereas applied tension on said resistance band is resisted by said resistor.

    20. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 1 further comprising: a recoil; whereby said recoil is operable to rewind said elongate resistance band during a return stroke.

    21. A translatable carriage exercise machine comprising: a frame portion operable to support a translatable carriage; a first end of said translatable carriage exercise machine located at one end of said translatable carriage exercise machine; a second end of said translatable carriage exercise machine opposed from said first end; said frame portion comprising a first elongate side rail extending from said first end to said second end; said frame portion comprising a second elongate side rail spaced in parallel from said first elongate side rail and extending from said first end to said second end; a translatable carriage; said translatable carriage translatable along said first elongate side rail and said second elongate side rail; an elastic member attachable between said translatable carriage and said frame portion; a pair of spaced elongate posts extending upwards from said frame portion; said elongate posts comprising at least one or the other or both of: A) a handgrip, and B) a pulley disposed on said elongate post with a rope extending between said pulley and said carriage; a rotational resistance mechanism; said rotational resistance mechanism secured to said frame portion; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising an elongate resistance band; said elongate resistance band having an extended configuration; said elongate resistance band having a retracted configuration; said rotational resistance mechanism comprising a resistor operable to spin about an axis; and said elongate resistance band coupled to said resistor whereas applied tension on said resistance band is resisted by said resistor.

    22. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 21 wherein said rotational resistance mechanism is secured to a first end or a second end of said frame portion.

    23. A translatable carriage exercise machine comprising: said translatable carriage exercise machine having a first end on one end of said translatable carriage exercise machine; said translatable carriage exercise machine having a second end on an opposed end of said translatable carriage exercise machine; a first elongate side rail extending between said first end and said second end; a second elongate side rail extending between said first end and said second end; said first elongate side rail spaced from and parallel to said second elongate side rail; a translatable carriage; said translatable carriage translatable along said rails between said first end and said second end; at least one or the other or both of: a plurality of elastic tension members secured to said translatable carriage, and said first elongate side rail inclined at an angle; a cervical traction device; said translatable carriage having a carriage top; said cervical traction device secured at one end of said translatable carriage and coupled to said carriage top; and wherein said cervical traction device comprises a cervical fixation strap operable to apply cervical spine traction in a direction away from one or the other of said first end and said second end.

    24. The translatable carriage exercise machine of claim 23 whereas said cervical traction device further comprises: a pull platform; a slide base; said pull platform configured for translation along said slide base; a cervical block to engage a human neck; said cervical fixation strap fixed to said pull platform at one end for application of traction forces with movement of said translatable carriage.

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

    (1) These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily appreciated when considered in connection with the following detailed description and appended drawings, wherein:

    (2) FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (3) FIG. 2 depicts a perspective view of a footbar according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (4) FIG. 3 depicts a perspective view of a moveable carriage according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (5) FIG. 4 depicts a bottom perspective view of a moveable carriage according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (6) FIG. 5 depicts a perspective view of a spring housing according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (7) FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of a moveable carriage with carriage top removed according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (8) FIG. 6B depicts an exploded perspective view of a moveable carriage with adjustable spring housing according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (9) FIG. 6C depicts a bottom perspective view of a moveable carriage with spring housing adjusted toward a second end of the moveable carriage according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (10) FIG. 6D depicts a bottom perspective view of a moveable carriage with spring housing adjusted toward a first end of the moveable carriage according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (11) FIG. 6E depicts a side perspective view of a moveable carriage with adjustable spring housing according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (12) FIG. 7 depicts a bottom perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine with rotational resistance mechanism according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (13) FIG. 7B depicts a top perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a row mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (14) FIG. 8 depicts a partial perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a row mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (15) FIG. 9 depicts a first end perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a row mode with carriage ropes removed according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (16) FIG. 10 depicts a top perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a row mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (17) FIG. 11 depicts a top perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a row mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (18) FIG. 12 depicts a partial first end perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in a carriage band mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (19) FIG. 13 depicts a perspective view of a redirectional pulley system with capture according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (20) FIG. 14 depicts a partial first end perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine with elongate resistance band prepared for low pulley mode exercise according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (21) FIG. 15 depicts a front perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine with force handle extending in low pulley mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (22) FIG. 16 depicts a partial perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine in row mode according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (23) FIG. 16B depicts a perspective view of a removable redirection pulley assembly according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (24) FIG. 17 depicts a perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine with upright mast and various pulley configurations according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (25) FIG. 17B depicts a perspective view of an upright mast utilizing one configuration of superior redirection pulleys according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (26) FIG. 18 depicts a perspective view of a resilient jump board according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (27) FIG. 18B depicts an exploded perspective view of the resilient jump board of FIG. 18 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (28) FIG. 19 depicts a perspective view of a resilient jump board according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (29) FIG. 19B depicts an exploded perspective view of the resilient jump board of FIG. 19 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (30) FIG. 20 depicts a perspective view of a resilient footbar according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (31) FIG. 20B depicts an exploded perspective view of the resilient foot bar of FIG. 20 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (32) FIG. 20C depicts a perspective view of the resilient foot bar of FIG. 20 according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (33) FIG. 21 depicts a perspective view of a translating carriage exercise machine with modified carriage ropes according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (34) FIG. 22 depicts a perspective view of a resilient leg having an internal spring according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (35) FIG. 22B depicts a cross sectional view of a resilient leg with internal spring according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (36) FIG. 23 depicts a perspective view of a resilient leg according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (37) FIG. 23B depicts a perspective view of a resilient leg with elastomer according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (38) FIG. 23C depicts a perspective view of a resilient leg with filled bag according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (39) FIG. 24 depicts a side view of a user on a translating carriage exercise machine receiving cervical traction with elastic tension member bias according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (40) FIG. 25 depicts a simplified perspective illustration of a drive and recoil system used with a resistor in a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (41) FIG. 26 depicts a top perspective view of a cervical traction device for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (42) FIG. 26B depicts a bottom perspective view of a cervical traction device for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (43) FIG. 26C depicts a side view of a cervical traction device for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (44) FIG. 26D depicts an exploded perspective view of a cervical traction device for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (45) FIG. 26E depicts a rear exploded perspective view of a cervical traction device for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (46) FIG. 27 depicts a perspective view of an extrusion profile of an elongate side rail of a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (47) FIG. 28 depicts a partial cross-sectional end view of moveable carriage and elongate side rail engagement on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (48) FIG. 29 depicts a bottom perspective view of carriage rope retraction system on a translating carriage according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (49) FIG. 30 depicts a side view of a rotational resistance mechanism with modified jump board for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (50) FIG. 31 depicts a wireframe view with first side plate removed of a rotational resistance mechanism for a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (51) FIG. 32 depicts an end view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (52) FIG. 33 depicts a wireframe end view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (53) FIG. 34 depicts a perspective end view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (54) FIG. 35 depicts an end view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine with modified jump board removed according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (55) FIG. 36 depicts a perspective view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (56) FIG. 37 depicts a low perspective view of a rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (57) FIG. 38 depicts a wireframe perspective view of a drive mechanism in a water turbine style rotational resistance mechanism for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (58) FIG. 38B depicts an elevational view of the paths of an elongate resistance band and recoil tension member during a return stroke in a rotational resistance mechanism according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (59) FIG. 38C depicts an elevational view of the paths of an elongate resistance band and recoil tension member during a power stroke in a rotational resistance mechanism according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (60) FIG. 38D depicts a side view of the paths of an elongate resistance band and recoil tension member when using various exercise modes in a rotational resistance mechanism according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (61) FIG. 38E depicts a perspective view of Eddy Current resister in a rotational resistance mechanism for use within translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (62) FIG. 38F depicts a perspective view of a resistance adjustment control for an Eddy Current resister in a rotational resistance mechanism according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (63) FIG. 39 depicts a perspective view of a rotational resistance mechanism frame for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (64) FIG. 40 depicts an exploded perspective view of a rotational resistance mechanism frame for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (65) FIG. 41 depicts a perspective view of a modified jump board for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (66) FIG. 42 depicts an exploded perspective view of a modified jump board for use on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (67) FIG. 43 depicts a perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a low pulley mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (68) FIG. 44 depicts a perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a high pulley mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (69) FIG. 45 depicts a perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a carriage band mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (70) FIG. 46 depicts a perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a carriage band mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (71) FIG. 47 depicts a perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a rowing mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (72) FIG. 48 depicts a partial top perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a rower mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (73) FIG. 49 depicts a top perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a rower mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (74) FIG. 50 depicts a top perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a rower mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein;

    (75) FIG. 51 depicts a top perspective view of a user performing an exercise in a rower mode on a translating carriage exercise machine according to one or more embodiments shown and described herein.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

    (76) Select embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the Figures. Like numerals indicate like or corresponding elements throughout the several views and wherein various embodiments are separated by letters (i.e. 100B, 100C, 100D). The terminology used in the description presented herein is not intended to be interpreted in any limited or restrictive way, simply because it is being utilized in conjunction with detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, embodiments of the invention may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or which is essential to practicing the invention described herein. A multitude of improvements to translating carriage exercise machines such as Reformers are introduced in this document. It is recognized that any one or more improvements introduced in this document may be individually or collectively used to upgrade existing or create entirely new translating carriage exercise machines.

    (77) FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a translating carriage exercise machine comprising a generally vertically adjustable footbar 248A. A frame portion 102A comprises a first elongate side rail 108A, a second elongate side rail 112A, a first rail end 118A, and a second rail end 120A. The footbar 248A is mounted to a first end 104A of a translating carriage exercise machine 100A. Footbar 248A is adjustable along a single plane transverse to plane-C comprising a first elongate side rail 108A and a second elongate side rail 110A. Footbar 248A is generally vertically adjustable.

    (78) In this embodiment footbar 248A is mounted to a first end 104A of a Reformer having at least one of a solid or tubular cross section. Here, footbar 248A is generally U-shaped with a generally straight horizontal base portion 250A of the ‘U’ and each leg portion 252A of the ‘U’ generally parallel to each other. An outer surface 256A is padded with resilient foam or rubber covering said outer surface. FIG. 2 illustrates a footbar pad 258A having an outer limb engagement surface 257A for engagement by the user's limbs.

    (79) In some embodiments, the footbar is fixed with respect to elongate side rails. In other embodiments, a footbar 248A adjustably translates towards and away from the floor. FIG. 1 illustrates a footbar 248A comprising a pair of spaced leg portions 252A received within complementary footbar anchors 254A secured to a frame portion 102A. Footbar anchors 254A are in the form of tubular footbar anchor sleeves fixed or integrated to a first end 104A of a Reformer frame portion 102A.

    (80) In one form, a footbar positioner 259A, such as a stop, a ball detent, straight pin, or spring pin and aperture may be utilized to serve as interface between the footbar leg 252A and anchor sleeve to fix the footbar 248A in a plurality of selectable pre-determined distances away from frame portion 102A as best suited to fit a user. In this embodiment, footbar 248A is fully releasable from a foot bar anchor or frame portion 102A of a Reformer for storage.

    (81) In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a moveable carriage 150A comprises a carriage spring anchor assembly 172A. It further comprises a pair of removable spaced shoulder rests extending from an upper support surface 152A of moveable carriage 150A. Carriage spring anchor assembly 172A comprises a spring housing 174A to house one or more elastic tension members 156A. In preferred forms, elastic tension members 156A are in the form of one or more of springs and elastic cords. Spring aperture 178A in spring housing 174A serves to support a body of an elastic tension member 156A from falling towards the floor. Terminal anchor portion 173A anchors one end of an elastic tension member 156A to spring housing 174A and is illustrated here in the form of a support wall. Spring housing rails here in the form of carriage guides 186A with carriage guide surface 188A provide a surface for the carriage spring housing 174A to translate at locations under the carriage along axis B. In this embodiment, a carriage spring anchor assembly 172A is used to anchor elastic tension members 156A to the bottom portion 158A of a moveable carriage at a predetermined distance from a first end of a carriage.

    (82) In one embodiment, a carriage spring anchor assembly 172A is configured to release then re-lock an elastic tension member 156A at any plurality of positions from a first end of a moveable carriage along carriage axis B. The term first end and second ends of various parts refer to the end of a part adjacent the first end or second end of a frame portion 102A.

    (83) In the embodiment of FIG. 4-6, a spring housing 174A is captured on a bottom portion 158A of a moveable carriage 150A and is configured to translate along axis-B in a plurality of selectable positions between predetermined end points at a first end and a second end of a moveable carriage 150A. This serves as an alternate method to adjust the distance between a footbar 248A and shoulder rests 230, 232A for best user fit. A spring housing stop assembly stops a spring housing at pre-determined distances from a first end of a Reformer when a moveable carriage 150A is in a resting position. In one embodiment, a spring housing stop assembly 180 is in the form of one or more of a block, bump and screw anchored to one or more of first and second elongate side rails. The block of a spring housing stop assembly is cushioned in some forms.

    (84) In this embodiment, a linear positioning mechanism 182A is utilized to position the spring housing beneath a moveable carriage 150A. A linear positioning mechanism 182A may be in many different forms including rails, glides, rods, tracking, and a guide system. As illustrated in FIG. 6, a guide system 184A comprises one or more guide retainers 187A captured within a carriage guide 186A to keep spring housing 174A captured to the underside of moveable carriage 150A and thus elevated from the floor on which the machine rests. In this embodiment, guide system 184A comprises a spring housing glide surface 190A on spring housing 174A with a complementary carriage guide surface 188A on carriage guide 186A. Carriage guide 186A may also serve as elongated supports on the carriage underside to prevent carriage deflection due to the user's weight when the user is on the moveable carriage.

    (85) In other embodiments, a carriage guide surface 188A may reside on structures other than a carriage support such as on a separate rail, wall, or rod that are mounted to the moveable carriage 150A to provide carriage head end to foot end spring housing guidance. In this current embodiment, spring housing 174A is locked into a selected position utilizing a carriage spring anchor lock 194. Carriage spring anchor lock 194A is in the form of an interference lock pin 196A that extends out the side of moveable carriage 150A or below a frame portion. In this embodiment, by incidence of a user reaching down to a side of a moveable carriage and retracting a pin of a carriage spring anchor lock 194A, the corresponding carriage spring anchor assembly 172A is free to translate with respect to the carriage. An anchor lock knob or lever at the end of the anchor lock 194A is then held by the user while the positional relationship along axis B between the carriage spring anchor assembly 172A and moveable carriage 150A is adjusted to achieve a desired carriage distance from footbar 248A. Once the desired position is achieved, the user then pushes the interference lock pin 196A back into the locking interference position in a lock notch 195A of the carriage spring anchor 193A. This locks the carriage spring anchor assembly 172A in a specified position on the underside of a moveable carriage 150A.

    (86) In one form, a spring housing 174A is configured to linearly adjust under a moveable carriage 150A using a stationary portion of an undercarriage as a linear guide. Spring housing 174A guide surfaces 190A move cooperatively along linear surfaces of carriage guides surface 188A to a predetermined spring housing location. Here, carriage guides 186A are in the form of elongate supports comprising an upper carriage guide flange 198A for fastening or otherwise fixing to a carriage platform and a lower C-shaped portion 200A for housing a glide bearing 202A.

    (87) As illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 30-31 of one form of frame configuration, a glide bearing 202A comprises rolling bearings or slide sleeves to provide low frictional movement between a moveable carriage 150A and a frame portion 102A. Here, a first elongate side rail 108A comprises a lower frame strut portion 206A, an elevated glide portion 208A, and a wing portion 210A. An elevated glide portion 208A comprises a translation surface thereon 114A, 116A and is configured to serve as a glide support on which a glide bearing 202A moves. In one embodiment, a glide portion 208A may be covered with a smooth shield to lower friction with the glide bearing. Alternatively, glide portion 208A may be made from a separate material such as a stainless steel or smooth polymer and fastened to a lower frame strut portion 206A. Wing portion 210A contributes primarily to the vertical strength of the member.

    (88) As illustrated in FIGS. 5-6, one embodiment of a translating carriage exercise machine comprises a spring housing 174A having spring holder portions 176A. Spring housing 174A comprises terminal anchor portions 173A on one side of spring housing (for unidirectional springs) and on opposing sides of spring housing 174A. This feature provides for the inclusion of reverse elastic tension members 157A extending from an opposing side of spring housing. If enabled, a free end of a reverse elastic tension member 157A is attached a selectable spring anchors 122A located at a second end 106A of the machine to enable further exercise options for the user. Again, spring housing 174A may be fixedly adjusted to a variety of linear positions along the underside of the carriage for positional elastic tension member adjustment in either direction. Spring housing stop assembly 180 in the form of adjustable clamps may be fixed to the first or second elongate side rail 108A, 110A to limit moveable carriage 150A travel if so desired.

    (89) In some embodiments, a carriage frame 214B translates on a frame portion of a translating carriage exercise machine using a plurality mounted roller wheels 216B at each corner of a carriage frame 214B as used in the prior art. A carriage top 218B sufficiently rigid to support a user with a padded surface 220B is secured to carriage frame 214B. A spring housing 174B coupled to a plurality of elastic tension members 156B at one end is fitted for residing within carriage frame 214B for translational movement. Lock extensions 224B extend from spring housing 174B and are disposed within a spring housing lock path 226B. While on a moveable carriage 150B, a user can reach to the side of the carriage and release a lock extension 224B then movably adjust the position of spring housing 174B in relation to moveable carriage 150B before relocking. In preferred embodiments, spring housing lock path 226B comprises a plurality of slanted lock channels 227B in which lock extensions 224B drop in for adjustable seating. FIGS. 6C and 6D illustrate spring housing 174B seated at various positions under moveable carriage 150B. Spring housing 174B is positioned closer to a first end in FIG. 6D whereas spring housing 174B is positioned closer to a second end in FIG. 6C. Again, novel machine improvements throughout this disclosure may be integrated into translating carriage exercise machines in the prior art.

    (90) In one embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 3, a first and a second shoulder rest 230A, 232A are adjustable in position along an upper support surface 152A between a moveable carriage 150A first end 153A and a carriage second end 155A for adjusting a shoulder rest to footbar distance. In this embodiment, an integrated head shoulder unit 240A is adjustably fixed at a perimeter edge 242A of a moveable carriage such that upper support surface 152A of a carriage may be substantially uninterrupted by apertures or other features used to attach one or more of a headrest and shoulder rests. Supports for padded first and second shoulder rests 230A, 232A and headrest 238A may be formed of sheet metal or of an injected plastic.

    (91) As illustrated in FIG. 3, an integrated head shoulder unit 240A wraps around peripheral edges of the carriage to prevent separation. A locker 244A in forms such as a locking pin or block may be used to releasably secure the unit in a locker receiver 245A at predetermined positions along the length of a moveable carriage with respect a top carriage surface. In some embodiments, spacing between a first shoulder rest 230A and second shoulder rest 232A is adjustable to best fit the user.

    (92) Exercise machines such as the spring biased Reformers and gravity machines like the Total Gym® are useful to strengthen muscles while stretching to retain joint range of motion and improve balance. In preferred embodiments, a Reformer is configured in one mode to offer traditional spring or gravity type exercise and may also be used as an aerobic machine in one or more other modes.

    (93) As illustrated in various embodiments in FIG. 7 and later, a translating carriage exercise machine 100C comprising elastic tension member 156C resistance such as springs, or gravity based resistance such as an incline as produced by inclined elongate side rails, is switchable to utilize a resistance load from a rotational resistance mechanism 300C utilizing one or more of; air, water, frictional contact, electromotive forces (i.e. Eddy currents) and other rotational mechanisms to resist rotation. In addition, a translating carriage exercise machine 100C may utilizes resistance from a rotational resistance mechanism 300C concurrently with resistance generated from one or more of elastic tension members 156C and gravity resisted incline.

    (94) In the embodiment of FIG. 7, a rotating resistance mechanism 300C (RRM™) is secured to one or more of a frame portion 102C and legs (128C-134C) of a translating carriage exercise machine 100C near a second end 106C of the machine. However, in other embodiments, an RRM may be mounted near a first end 104C, mid-machine, or near a second end 106C of a translating carriage exercise machine. In some embodiments, an RRM is mounted adjacent the machine but outside a frame portion of the machine. For example, an RRM may be mounted adjacent a first end rail 118C or a second end rail 120C. In yet another embodiment, an RRM 300C is secured in a predetermined position in relation to a translating carriage exercise machine such as to a ground surface but not to the machine itself.

    (95) In preferred embodiments, a rotating resistance mechanism 300D comprises a resistor 308D coupled to a load shaft 352D. A resistor comprises a load member 350D on which resistive forces are applied. The load member 350D may be in the form of but not limited to: a fan blade, a weighted disc, and a non-magnetic metallic plate. As illustrated in FIG. 25, a load member 350D is in the form of one or more fan blades generating air resistance when induced to rotate by active force of a user (outer housing removed). In this example, an elongate resistance band 302D transfers drive forces through drive clutch 504D then load shaft 352D in turn causing load member 350D to rotate against the force of air. A recoil tension member 377D is fixed near one end and in some embodiments travels through a series of one or more pulleys. An opposing end of recoil tension member 377D is fixed to recoil bushing 500D. Recoil bushing 500D and drive clutch are fixed to rotate together and are coupled to load shaft 352D by an internal uni-directional bearing. In this embodiment, resistor 308D is housed within a vented outer housing (see 346C).

    (96) In yet another embodiment, a resistor 308E comprises one or more turbine paddle 438E sealed in a fluid container 362E at least partially filled with liquid (FIG. 31). Turbine paddle 438E generates a resistance as it attempts to cut through the liquid when induced to rotate by active force of a user. In alternative embodiments, fluid levels in fluid container 362E are adjustable to provide various levels of resistance from the resistor. For example, fluid in a fluid container may be added and removed from a reservoir chamber 366 located within or adjacent the fluid container thereby causing a fluid level change in fluid container 362E. In some embodiments, a resistance control knob 660F is presented on the machine to adjust levels of resistance from a resistor.

    (97) Illustrated in FIG. 38E-38F is an example of an Eddy Current resistor that may be used with a translating carriage exercise machine. The resistor 308M is this example is in the form of a non-magnetic metallic load plate 370M such as aluminum or copper fixed to load shaft 352M. As a consequence of spinning the non-magnetic metallic load plate 370M though a magnetic field caused by one or more magnets 674M or magnetic producing devices, the non-magnetic metallic load plate 370M incurs an electromagnetic resistance to rotation. Resistance adjustment control 368M comprises a base pod 662M that is secured to a frame portion 102M of the machine. By means of a tongue 668M and adjustment groove relationship 670M, adjustment pod 664M is adjustable in a direction towards and away from the center axis of load plate 370M by advancement of resistor control knob 660M effectuating adjustment driver 666M to move adjustment pod 664M. One or more magnets 674M are fixed to forks 672M and in this embodiment are spaced for non-magnetic metallic load plate 370M to spin therebetween. In this embodiment, a drive clutch 504M with recoil bushing 500M is utilized as previously described. In an alternative embodiment, a resistor utilizes a friction pad that rides on a frictional load plate therein creating a frictional resistance to rotation. In this embodiment, the frictional load plate may be manufactured from one or more of magnetic and non-magnetic metals. In preferred embodiments, the frictional load plate is weighted. Inertia continues to drive rotational components of a resistor in rotation despite removal of a user applied force to an elongate resistance band of the associated RRM.

    (98) In preferred embodiments, a uni-directional bearing is positioned between a load shaft 352 and the drive clutch 504/recoil bushing 500 whereby rotational force transmitted from a user to drive clutch 504 during a power stroke causes a consequent rotation of a load plate against resistance yet provides for the free rotation of the load plate when the load by a user is released during the time the elongate resistance band is returned to its starting position in a return stroke. A recoil cooperating with a uni-directional drive pulley serves to rewind an elongate tension band when a load imparted by a user on the elongate tension band is less than the recoil spring force (return stroke).

    (99) Again illustrated in FIG. 25, a recoil tension member 377D comprises a elastic recoil cord 378D coupled with a non-elastic recoil cord 380D. The elastic recoil cord is stretched as a consequence of a force placed by the user on a corresponding elongate resistance band 302D causing the elastic recoil cord 378D to be distracted. Stretching of the elastic recoil cord 378D continues to build until the user reaches full range of the exercise. As a user reduces load on the elongate resistance band 302D, a point is reached when the elastic tension in the recoil tension member 377D begins to cause a retraction of the elongate resistance band 302D causing it to return to a starting position. At the next exercise cycle, the user again applies a load to the elongate resistance band 302D.

    (100) As illustrated in FIG. 16, a removable redirection pulley assembly 384C with an elongated locking pin 386C is inserted through a pulley hole 249C in middle base of a footbar 248C and locked into position by gravity or by use of a fastener such as a threaded nut. A capture pin 326C may be used to prevent dismount of elongate resistance band 302C. In some forms, this assembly comprises a force handle rest 382C to hold a force handle 348C at this elevated position from the ground. Located at a first end 104C or a second end 106C of a translating carriage exercise machine 100C is at least one foot rest for a user to place their feet in preparation of a rowing exercise.

    (101) As illustrated in FIGS. 8-9, an elongate resistance band 302C extending from a rotational resistance mechanism 300C is routed around a first redirection pulley 332C which directs the elongate resistance band generally upward then is optionally routed over a second redirection pulley 334C then redirected by a fourth redirection pulley 338C towards a superior space over a moveable carriage 150C. Along this path, the elongate resistance band extends through a load aperture 268C in a jump board 264C supported by an associated footbar 248C. As illustrated here, jump board load aperture 268C is closed, however it is open in other embodiments thus providing for the elongate resistance band to be loaded directly over fourth redirection pulley 338C.

    (102) As illustrated in FIG. 10, an elongate resistance band 302C is redirected around a fourth redirection pulley 338C attached to a footbox 294C. In various embodiments, a foot rest surface 311C is located on one or more of a; footbox, jump board, and foot bar for placing the feet during rowing. One or more foot restraints extend from a foot rest surface for restraining the user's feet during use. The foot restraints are often in the form of straps or cups across the forefoot and hindfoot as illustrated in FIG. 11-12. In other embodiments there may only be a heel rest such as a protruding edge as illustrated in FIG. 8. As further illustrated in FIG. 11, a foot rest surface 311C on a footbox 294C is angled (at an angle α) to generally reflect the natural rowing position of the feet when a user is sitting at the end of the carriage in a rowing mode. It is preferred that hindfoot restraints are adjustable to accommodate to various sizes of user's feet as illustrated in FIG. 41-42 where a jump board 402E comprises a series of restraint positioners 274E positioned vertically on the jump board. Restraint positioners 274E are in the form of a left and a right pair of spaced holes. Complementing restraint locators 272E extend from a hindfoot restraint 320E and are in the form of extended posts for sliding engagement into restraint positioners 274E. It is preferred for the hindfoot restraint to be in the form of a curved cup and adjustable superiorly and inferiorly on a jump board to accommodate various user foot sizes.

    (103) As illustrated in FIG. 13, a capture 324C is used to retain an elongate resistance band 302C in a pulley groove 330C. A capture is used to retain an elongate resistance band in a pulley until the elongate resistance band must be rerouted for use of a different exercise machine mode. A capture 324C comprises one or more of a pulley and a capture channel 328C and a capture pin 326C. In one form, captures in the form of removable pins may be used at redirection pulleys to route an elongate resistance band for use as a rowing type of exercise on the machine. Pulley fixtures 322 may be used to secure each redirection pulley in place.

    (104) As illustrated in FIG. 12 and elsewhere, redirection pulleys may be mounted to a frame portion of a translating carriage exercise machine and in some embodiments one or more redirection pulleys is mounted (sometimes removably) to one or more of: the base of a footbar, to a jump board, and to a foot box.

    (105) Further to FIG. 12, a first end of a moveable carriage 150C includes a cord coupling member 151C for releasable coupling between a moveable carriage and an elongate resistance band 302C. In a carriage band mode illustrated in FIG. 12, an elongate resistance band is routed around one or more redirection pulleys and attached to a cord coupling member 151C secured to a moveable carriage 150C using a releasable end fastener 390C such as a hook, ring, loop, carabiner type of device, or similar device. As a consequence of being in a carriage band mode, a user can exercise on a moveable carriage 150C with resistance from a rotating resistance mechanism 300C acting directly on the moveable carriage. The cord coupling member 151C may be in the form of a post, a clip, a ring or any other forms known in the art for releasably attaching an elongate resistance band to an anchor point. In this embodiment, a terminal end of an elongate resistance band 302C comprises a hook that is captured in a hole of a small plate fixed to and extending from the bottom of a moveable carriage.

    (106) As illustrated in FIG. 16, an end stop 388C is used near the end of an elongate resistance band 302C to limit retraction of the elongate resistance band beyond a predetermined point such as a capture. In one embodiment, an end stop is in the form of an enlarged ball encircling the elongate resistance band. In other embodiments, an end stop is formed in the shape of a handle for improved grasping by a user.

    (107) In preferred embodiments, a RRM is mounted beneath a frame portion of a translating carriage exercise machine as illustrated in FIGS. 10, 17, and 49. As illustrated in FIG. 17, head rests are removed from a corresponding moveable carriage and a user sits on the moveable carriage at a second end of the carriage facing the second end 106C. One or more redirection pulleys are mounted at the second end of the device. A footbox 294C is placed on a frame portion at the second end and the corresponding elongate resistance band 302C is redirected such that the force handle 348C extends from the second end. In this configuration, the user exercises grasping a force handle while facing a second end of the machine.

    (108) In preferred embodiments, an elongate resistance band is switchable between a plurality of exercise modes. With this capability, a user can quickly move between a variety of exercises on a translating carriage exercise machine using one or more of elastic tension members, gravity, and resistance from a RRM. In one form, a user attaches to a releasable end fastener of a elongate resistance band any variety of exercise devices including one or more of; curling bars, boots, a ball, a hand strap, and a foot strap for performance of exercises adjacent the machine using an RRM. As illustrated in FIG. 43 for example, a bar may be attached for use in standing exercise for shoulders. As illustrated in FIG. 17, an upright mast structure 282C (also known as a tower) may be mounted to one or more of a first end or second end of a translating carriage exercise machine. A mast structure 282C is a U-shaped member seated in foot bar anchors 254C placed at a second end of a machine and secured with fasteners, pins or other restraint. In one form, foot bar anchors are used to optionally secure a footbar at a head end of a machine for an additional variety of exercises. Pivotally connected to legs 284C of mast structure 282C is a generally U-shaped push-through bar 286C. Mast hooks 288C may be secured at various positions on a mast structure for the connection of accessories. In some embodiments, a mast structure is in the form of a straight upright tube or T-shaped structure mounted at the center of a first end or second end of a translating carriage exercise machine. Like the U-shaped member mast structure of FIG. 17, the straight or T-shaped structure may have one or more superior redirectional pulleys mounted on a surface thereof.

    (109) FIG. 17 illustrates examples of some of the various positions where redirectional pulleys coupled to a RRM may be mounted to provide an infinite range of exercises. For example, a superior redirectional pulley 342C is mounted high on upright mast 282C. This path is illustrated as High Standing Path 1 in FIG. 38D wherein an elongate resistance band 302C is redirected to a superior placed pulley (typically above a user's trunk) where it can be grasped by a coupled force handle 348C. As further illustrated in FIG. 17 by two force handles extending from the pulley, a force handle may be grasped by a user standing over the frame portion 102C of the translating carriage exercise machine in the performance of exercise, and alternatively, a force handle may be grasped by a user standing behind upright mast 282C opposite frame portion 102C.

    (110) As yet another option, also illustrated in FIG. 17, a user supported on an upper support surface 152C of a moveable carriage 150C may grasp (by hand/foot) a force handle 348C such as a row bar or loop to perform a variety of exercise such as rowing and others. Some of the possible exercises are illustrated in FIGS. 45-51. Redirectional pulleys may be used to direct an elongate resistance band from either a first end or a second end of a translating carriage exercise machine as illustrated by Row Path 1 and Row Path 2 in FIG. 38D.

    (111) As illustrated in FIG. 17B, a pair of force handles 348C such as hand loops are mounted to opposed ends of a mating cord 349C. The mating cord 349C extends through a pair of superior redirection pulleys 342C situated at opposing sides of an upright mast 282C and a center redirection pulley 344C located therebetween. Center redirection pulley 344C is coupled to the user end 304C of elongate resistance band 302C. The opposed force handles 348C provide a user a means to utilize an individual handle in each hand during exercise. Again, the superior redirection pulleys may be moved to variety of positions on the mast making available unlimited exercise options. In preferred embodiments, a load shaft on a rotational resistance mechanism is driven by a single elongate resistance band associated with a single drive clutch and recoil regardless of whether a user uses one extremity or two. In alternative embodiments, a load shaft on a rotation resistance mechanism is driven by dual elongate resistance bands each associated with its own drive clutch and recoil. This alternative provides a user the ability to exercise their limbs individually against individual resistance as opposed to each limb jointly driving a single elongate resistance band.

    (112) A method to utilize a translating carriage exercise machine 100C in an aerobic rowing mode is now described in the following steps for the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16. Removing a removable redirection pulley assembly 384C from a storage mount on a translating carriage exercise machine 100C and inserting it into a corresponding pulley hole 249C on footbar 248C. Disengaging carriage elastic tension members 156C (i.e. springs/elastic cords) such that one end is free if necessary and if so desired. Releasing carriage ropes (162C,168C) if so desired. A user then removes a force handle 348C (i.e. row bar) from a force handle rest 382C. The associated elongate resistance band 302C is pulled to loop over removable redirection pulley assembly 384C secured at a height conducive to rowing. Force handle 348C is placed on an upper force handle rest if available. A foot box 294 is secured at a first end (or second end if so configured) of the corresponding translating carriage exercise machine 100C. The user then mounts the machine sitting upright with bottom seated on upper support surface 152C. The user then places each foot under respective footrest restraints (see 296C, FIG. 11) if so equipped or against hindfoot restraint 320C (FIG. 8) on footbox 294C while sitting upright on the moveable carriage with the user's buttocks near the first end of an upper support surface 152C of the moveable carriage. The user then grasps force handle 348C with both hands from an upper rowing handle rest and begins a rowing motion by extending her knees and hips and retracting the handle with her arms towards her chest. As the user extends her legs and pulls force handle 348C with her hands in a power stroke, the elongate resistance band 302C (i.e. a cable, strap, chain) imparts a load on removable redirection pulley 384C which in turn is imparted to a RRM 300C and causing an internal load member 350C to rotate against resistance. When the user produces a full stroke of exercise, the user glides the moveable carriage 150C in a return stroke back to the starting position of hips and knees flexed and arms extended. The elongate resistance band 302C is recoiled during this return stroke in preparation for the next power stroke. Given adequate loading against the force handle by the user during the power stroke, inertia will continue to turn the load member against 350C resistance through the return stroke wherein the user will commonly experience a smooth transition into the next power stroke.

    (113) FIG. 36 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a rotational resistance mechanism (RRM) 300E configured to cooperate as part of a translating carriage exercise machine. RRM 300E comprises an RRM frame 400E which serves to support the internal mechanisms of the RRM but in this embodiment also serves act as a leg replacement in support of one end of a frame portion of a translating carriage exercise machine. RRM 300E comprises a modified jump board 402E, and a resistor 308E utilizing a water turbine. Modified jump board 402E is quickly removable by an upward force. This embodiment of an RRM was prototyped and is illustrated in use in exercises demonstrated in FIGS. 43-51.

    (114) As illustrated in FIG. 39-40, one embodiment of an RRM frame 400E (sometimes referred to as an outer housing) comprises a generally vertical first side plate 406E spaced from a generally vertical second side plate 408E joined by a bottom plate 410E. A generally vertical front plate 412E joins the first side plate, and second side plate, and bottom plate. Positioned between a first side plate, a second side plate, and front plate is a generally horizontal upper deck plate 414E and a spaced generally horizontal lower deck plate 416E. Each of these plates are fixed to one another using preferably a releasable method such as common screws and barrel nuts 418E. In preferred embodiments, each of the various plates may be manufactured of woods, plywood, polymers, metals, and other sufficiently strong materials. Plate fixation may also include other fasteners such as dowels, and adhesives.

    (115) In this embodiment, first side plate 406E and second side plate 408E have a pair of spaced legs 420E that during assembly define a first side window 422E and a second side window 424E. A turbine cavity 428E is sized and shaped for housing a turbine bowl 430E therein. Sides of a turbine bowl 430E sit adjacent an inner wall of a front plate 412E, whereas sides of the turbine bowl extend through first side window 422E, second side window 424E, and a back window 426E. The turbine cavity 428E is defined superiorly by a lower deck plate 416E. Bowl pads 432E such as in the form of felt pads may be used to cushion a turbine bowl. A bowl hole 434E through bottom plate 410E helps lighten the assembly. Inside facing surfaces 436E of the first and second side plate keep modified jump board 402E centered. In this embodiment, a drive cavity 440E is situated between an upper deck plate 414E and a lower deck plate 416E and houses many of the drive mechanisms associated with a resistor such as the illustrated a water turbine system.

    (116) In this embodiment, one or more bearing recesses, first bearing recess 444E is formed in an upper deck plate and second bearing recess 446E in lower deck plate. These house an upper bearing 448E and a lower bearing 450E and provide stability to the associated load shaft 352E. This load shaft housed and centered within an upper bearing and lower bearing consequently limits wobble of a turbine paddle within a turbine bowl during operation. In alternative embodiments, the upper and lower bearings may be in the form of bushings, such as bronze bushings. In addition, alternate forms of bearing support may be used such as surface mounted bearing collars.

    (117) In this embodiment, upper deck plate 414E and lower deck plate 416E are secured between a front plate 412E, first side plate 406E, and second side plate 408E and may be further supported by an off center first jump board support block 452E and second jump board support block 454E. Laterally spaced first deck spacer 456E and a second deck spacer 458E also space the upper deck plate 414E and lower deck plate 416E and lay generally adjacent to a first side plate 406E and a second side plate 408E.

    (118) In this embodiment, a first and a second jump board cradle 460E, 462E respectively are configured with a jump board dock 464E here in the form of an angled L-shaped or U-shaped cavity for releasably capturing an inferior end face 278E of a modified jump board 402E during rowing style exercises. Jump board docks 464E prevent a corresponding modified jump board 402E from translating towards a user during a return stroke when a user actives their hamstrings to return to a squatted position. Sloped faces 417E on an upper deck plate 414E, a lower deck plate 416E, jump board support blocks 452E,454E and deck spacers 456E,458E all offer support to a rear surface 466E on the backside of modified jump board 402E. Sloped faces 417E also align with an outer surface 256A on a footbar of the machine therein supporting a modified jump board 402E at a superior and inferior end.

    (119) In this embodiment, wherein the RRM frame is used to support a frame portion of a translating carriage exercise machine, it is preferable although not necessary that outside spacing between a first side plate 406E and second side plate 408E is predetermined such that an RRM frame 400E will fit between inside surfaces of elongate side rails of a translating carriage exercise machine. In alternative embodiments, first and second side plate fit directly under the elongate side rails.

    (120) In this embodiment, a first rail block 468E and a second rail block 470E serve as screw spacers such that an RRM frame 400E may be secured between a translating carriage exercise machine's elongate side rails. With this arrangement, fasteners lock the corresponding side plates to the respective elongate side rail of the machine as one point of fixation. As illustrated in FIG. 39-40, a third engagement surface 473E faces upward to support and fixate the bottom side of a frame portion. As illustrated here, this support system in some cases eliminates the need for legs to support a translating carriage exercise machine frame as can be seen in the FIG. 51 embodiment.

    (121) In one form, one or more leg blocks (i.e. first and second leg blocks) are used as a point of fixation for coupling with elevation legs preinstalled on a translating carriage exercise machine.

    (122) FIGS. 41 and 42 illustrate a one embodiment of a jump board modified with a redirection pulley for use in a rowing mode of a translatable carriage exercise machine. In this embodiment, a modified jump board 402E assembly comprises a modified jump board, first and second (left and right) foot restraints 316E,318E respectively, corresponding hindfoot restraints 320E, a pulley fixture 322E, a footbar capture 486E, and a fourth redirection pulley 338E.

    (123) In this embodiment, for standard non-RRM Reformer use, an inferior end face 278E of a modified jump board 402E resides in a slot (preferably U-shaped) at a first end of a translating carriage exercise machine for holding the modified jump board generally vertical while abutting the corresponding machine's footbar. A rear surface 466E of the modified jump board is supported generally upright by the footbar. In a rowing mode, modified jump board 402E is sloped at a predetermined angle ‘T’ (FIG. 31) with inferior end face 278E captured in jump board dock 464E of first jump board cradle 460E and second jump board cradle 462E and superior end supported at rear surface 466E against the machine's footbar. In preferred embodiments, an optional footbar capture 486E, here in the form of a block, is fixed at a superior end of a modified jump board 402E further capturing a footbar 248 against it within a footbar capture cavity 488E defined by the footbar capture.

    (124) In this embodiment, a load aperture 268E is generally superiorly middle centered on a modified jump board 402E and is defined by a tension notch 270E. A pulley fixture 322E is in the form of a pair of spaced axle blocks having a center axle recess. Pulley fixture 322E is fixed to rear surface 466E of modified jump board 402E using fasteners and redirection pulley is positioned therein. A pulley axle secures the fourth redirection pulley therebetween positioning it along a central pulley axis. Further to this embodiment, a lower generally centered recoil notch 502E on modified jump board 402E provides for passage of a recoil tension member 377.

    (125) FIG. 49 illustrates a back view of one embodiment of an RRM with modified jump board 402E assembly removed. As illustrated, a recoil pulley 498E is aligned in generally the same plane as recoil bushing 500E. Recoil pulley 498E assists in directing a recoil tension member 377 through a recoil notch 502E while assuring that the corresponding recoil tension member is flatly wound and unwound from the corresponding recoil bushing 500E. A free end of a recoil tension member is fixed such as on a frame portion or leg of an associated translating carriage exercise machine. As illustrated in FIG. 25, a recoil tension member 377D comprises a non-elastic recoil cord 380D portion fixed to a surface of a recoil bushing 500D, and an elastic recoil cord 378D portion that stretches during a power stroke by a user thereby storing energy within it until it uses this stored energy to rewind an elongate resistance band during a user's return stroke.

    (126) In this embodiment in FIG. 25, an elongate resistance band 302D is substantially non-elastic and is fixed to a drive clutch 504D on one end and configured to receive forces from a user on an opposed end. These forces may originate for example from one or more of; a hand/foot loop, a row bar, a carriage, and other similar devices associated with the machine that the elongate resistance band is coupled with. As the elongate resistance band leaves the drive clutch (FIG. 38C), a clutch pulley 506E assists in directing the elongate resistance band through a lower aperture 413E (FIG. 32) in a front plate 412E while assuring that the corresponding elongate resistance band 302E is effectively wound and unwound from the drive clutch 504E. In this manner, the recoil and drive clutch of drive mechanism 442E work synergistically to deliver forces imparted by the user to a resistor and rewinding the elongate resistance band 302E during a return stroke. Further FIGS. 38B-38D illustrate example pathways of an elongate resistance band 302E and recoil tension member 377E during a power stroke and a return stroke. During a return stroke, an elongate resistance band 302E is rewound around a drive clutch 504E by energy previously acquired within an elastic portion of a recoil tension member 377E during a power stroke. During a power stroke, an elongate resistance band 302E is unwound from a drive clutch 504E and a recoil tension member 377E is forcibly wound about a recoil bushing simultaneously loading energy into the elastic recoil cord portion of recoil tension member 377E needed in the next cycle.

    (127) FIGS. 43-51 illustrate on embodiment of a standard Reformer modified and equipped with a RRM to provide an abundance of expanded exercise options. FIG. 43 illustrates a user performing exercises in a low pulley mode. A user stands on the ground at a first end of a translating carriage exercise machine 100F facing a force handle in a low pulley mode. Grasping the force handle, the user then performs one or more of a squatting and an upper shoulder exercise using RRM resistance working to cyclically elevate force handle 348F from a low to a higher position. This is further illustrated as the low standing path in FIG. 38D.

    (128) In one form, FIG. 44 illustrates a user simulating performance of an exercise from a high pulley in this case from a superior redirection pulley 342F fixed at the top of a upright mast 282F. Here a user stands on the ground at the head end of the machine and faces a force handle 348F in a high pulley mode as illustrated as High Standing path 1 in FIG. 38D. Grasping force handle 348F, the user pulls downward on an end of an elongate resistance band 302F during a RRM 300F power stroke. Note that in one embodiment, the forces are transferred through the elongated resistance band through the carriage, where as in an alternative embodiment, the user forces follow an alternate route wherein the moveable carriage is bypassed. Alternatively, similar exercises can be performed at an opposed end of the machine according to High Standing Path 2 of FIG. 38D.

    (129) FIG. 45-46 illustrates a user performing two different exercises on a moveable carriage with RRM resistance along the carriage path illustrated in FIG. 38D. In this embodiment, while supported by the carriage, the user transmits forces from their body through action on one or more carriage ropes or on a footbar. The forces are transferred from the moveable carriage 150F then through the elongate resistance band coupling the moveable carriage 150F to the RRM 300F. As a variation, one or more elongate tension members 156 may also be engaged during RRM exercises.

    (130) FIGS. 47-51 illustrate a user performing rowing exercises using one embodiment of this invention in a rowing mode. Here a user uses a translating carriage 150F as a seat and a modified jump board 402F is positioned against a footbar 248F. The user grasps force handle 348F in the form of a row handle coupled with an elongate resistance band 302F and pulls with arms and pushes with legs against a modified jump board 402F against resistance of a RRM 300F. Once extended, the user returns to a squatting position during a return stroke FIG. 64.

    (131) As illustrated in FIG. 31, one or more transport wheels 510E extend from a transport fixture 508E secured to one of a RRM's plates. Tilting of a translating carriage exercise machine rocks the machine on the one or more transport wheels 510E providing easy rolling transport until the machine is lowered and reseated on the floor. To enable small profile storage, a translating carriage exercise machine is tilted until substantially upright. In this configuration, the machine balances on the transport wheels and foot bar with second end raised.

    (132) In typical forms, a jump board used with a Reformer is substantially rigid. In alternative embodiments, one or more of a footbar and a jumpboard are resilient to provide a low impact surface for a user to exercise against. In one embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 20-20C, one end of a translating carriage exercise machine comprises a spring loaded footbar receiver assembly to receive the support frame of a resilient jump board 522G or resilient footbar 520G. This receiver assembly is biased toward the moveable carriage about a primary hold pivot 528G. A force directed on a footbar (or jumpboard) by a user's hands or feet will cause an initial deflection of the corresponding footbar anchor 254 away from the machine and compression of a rebound spring 532G on the secondary anchor 534G followed by a rebound of the footbar anchor with footbar or jump board as the rebound spring decompresses. The impact the user's feet feels will be dampened by the spring force therein cushioning the landing of the feet on the jump board or footbar. Jumping against the board causes a loading of a rebound spring and a rebound spring force to the user when they jump off the board. FIG. 20C illustrates a resilient jump board in a deflected state. FIG. 20 illustrates an undeflected footbar. This spring loaded footbar receiver assembly 524F comprises a locked mode wherein the rebound spring cannot be loaded by jumping force and the jump board is substantially rigid. A spring loaded footbar receiver assembly 524F comprises an adjustable spring force to adjust the stiffness felt by a user. For example, the adjustment may be completed by substituting with a spring having a different K value or changing the initial compression by tightening or loosening the secondary anchor.

    (133) In an alternative embodiment as illustrated in FIG. 18-18B, one or more of a footbar 520H or support frame legs include a coiled spring portion 538H. The coiled spring portion 538H deflects and dampens forces applied on the footbar or springboard. In one form, one or more of a coiled spring portion 538H or a non-coiled lead portion of the footbar or support frame is seated in a receiver aperture.

    (134) In yet another alternative embodiment, a footbar anchor receiver 539 includes a resilient sleeve 544 held within a more rigid outer portion as illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 19B. Forces from the user through a leg of the support frame or footbar are dampened by the resilient sleeve. In some forms the resilient sleeve is removable and may be interchanged with alternative sleeves of varying stiffness.

    (135) Most Reformers on the market include a soft carriage rope coupled on one end to a force handle typically in the form of a hand-foot loop positioned near the shoulder rests for imparting forces to or from a user's hands or feet. The carriage rope loops around a carriage pulley fixed at an end of the Reformer where it is redirected towards a corresponding moveable carriage where it is fixed. Typically the carriage end portion of the carriage rope is fixed at different points along its length such that the length of rope between the force handle and this fixation point is adjustable for the needs of the user. Various types of fixation hardware fixed to the carriage have been used for this purpose of adjustable fixation from rope recoil systems to cam cleats. In one embodiment, a cam cleat secured at a second end of a carriage is utilized for adjustment of a carriage rope length. In alternative embodiments, carriage rope length is adjustable near the force handle 348J (instead of at the carriage) while an opposite end portion of the rope is fixed or releasably fixed to a corresponding moveable carriage.

    (136) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 21, a proximal end of one or more of a first carriage rope 162J and second carriage rope 168J is coupled with a portion of a force handle 348J before traveling back towards a respective first carriage pulley 160J secured to first pulley mast 161J and second carriage pulley 166J secured to second pulley mast 167J. Near a proximal end of the carriage rope, a friction lock clamp 394J binds the overlapping rope together. By activating a release on friction lock clamp 394J, the user is able to adjust the amount of overlap between the two ropes before reactivating the clamp. The greater the overlap the shorter the effective length of the rope. The friction lock clamp 394J is released to reduce friction between the two rope bodies thereby permitting rope readjustment and effective rope length. Given that the proximal force handle end of the rope is adjustable, the opposite end of the rope may be fixed or releasably fixed to the carriage without need for length adjustment and therefore without the need for hardware such as a cam cleat. A sufficient amount of a travel portion of the carriage rope (non-overlapped) through the arm post pulley is available for the required range of motion needed by the user for a variety of exercises.

    (137) In one form, a friction lock clamp is substituted by similarly functional devices such as one or more of hooks and a double D belt tightening. One or more friction lock clamp devices 394J may be positioned anywhere along an overlap portion 398J of a carriage rope. As an alternative, a proximal end of a carriage rope may be biased to curl around the remaining rope in the overlap portion to prevent sagging. For example, a curled nitinol wire may be placed internal to the rope.

    (138) The legs on typical Reformers are made of a rigid material and may be used effectively on the disclosed embodiment. In alternative embodiments, as illustrated as examples in FIGS. 22-23C, a Reformer is configured with one or more of resilient feet and legs. The feet and legs may be in the form of one or more of; coil springs, leaf springs, wafer springs, gas or liquid filled bags or cylinders, and various resilient pillows of varying durometers of polyurethane or the like. The resilient legs reduce the multi-axial stability of a Reformer during exercise thereby providing the user a balance training benefit to their neurological system. In one embodiment, resilient legs are adjustable in stiffness. For example, various levels of gas may be added to a filled bag to make it stiffer. In another example, a stiffer grade of polyurethane may be chosen. In other embodiments, resilient legs may include a lock out feature that quickly turns the legs from a resilient form to a stable rigid configuration or within a range therebetween.

    (139) As illustrated in the figures, resilient feet include an upper foot mount portion 558K for attaching to a frame portion 102 of a translating carriage exercise machine 100 and a lower foot pad portion 560K for resting to the floor. Included at the bottom of the lower foot pad portion 560K may be a frictional floor element 562K such as a soft rubber shell to minimize sliding of the foot on the floor. A resilient portion 564K is captured between the upper foot mount portion 558K and lower foot pad portion 560K. In one embodiment, the resilient portion is in the form of a coiled spring as illustrated in FIG. 22B. In another embodiment, the resilient portion is in the form of a filled bag (air or fluid) 554K. In another embodiment, the resilient portion is in the form of an elastomer 556K. In some forms, the upper foot mounted portion and lower foot pad portion comprise an inner seat 566K defined by the cylindrical walls of the foot mount and foot pad portions. As the resilient material expands, it eventually abuts the walls of the inner seat 566K therein preventing further deflection of the resilient material.

    (140) In preferred embodiments, a translating carriage exercise machine may be configured for use as a cervical traction device 570Z. One embodiment of a cervical traction device is illustrated in FIGS. 26-26E and preferably secured at an end of a moveable carriage 150Z as illustrated in FIG. 24. In one form, a cervical traction unit for a Reformer uses comprises a pull platform 572Z configured to support the user's head and freely translate up and down a slide base 574Z. This translating motion may be due to a tongue and groove 581Z relationship between the parts. The slide base 574Z is secured by friction or by one or more slide base anchors 582Z to the carriage. The slide base comprises a lower support 573Z positioned adjacent the carriage that is coupled to an upper support 575Z diverging upwards from it. Laterally adjustable occipital blocks 576Z at a low end of the pull platform 572Z, are sloped medially at a cup surface 571Z to cup underneath and lateral each occiput of the user's neck. Distance between the occipital blocks may be varied to suit a user's neck diameter, in this case, by rotation of a lateral adjustment knob 578Z activating a turnbuckle style threaded rod therebetween threadably engaged with the occipital blocks 576Z. Coupled to the slide base is a cervical fixation strap 580Z. The cervical fixation strap is in the form of a cord or other tension element and extends through a pull window 577Z of the slide base 574Z to fix to a traction anchor 579Z at an end of a Reformer (FIG. 24).

    (141) In one form, use of a cervical traction unit in conjunction with a translating carriage exercise machine comprises the following steps. A user adjusts the elastic tension members 156A to a desired tension biasing the carriage toward a first end of the machine. A cervical traction slide base 574Z is secured at midline on a second end of a moveable carriage 150Z. A cervical fixation strap 580Z is fixed to an immovable part (traction anchor 579Z) at a second end of the frame portion of the Reformer. The user boards the moveable carriage 150Z and lays in a supine position with shoulders abutting the shoulder rests (if present) and head resting on the pull platform 572Z (which may include a rest pad 584Z) of the cervical traction device 570Z. The user then uses their feet to push against a footbar (i.e. 248C) or jump board (i.e. 264C) to create a spring tension on the moveable carriage and advance the moveable carriage towards the second end of the frame portion. A lateral adjustment knob 578Z is advanced until opposing adjustable occipital blocks 576Z cradle the user's occipital processes. The user then removes slack by tightening the cervical fixation strap 580Z thereby removing slack. An optional releasable retension strap may be used to secure the user's head on the pull platform. As a consequence of the user slowly flexing their knees and hips, the moveable carriage 150Z is pulled by the tension of the elastic tension members which in turn causes consequent advancement of the pull platform 572Z up the slide base 574Z thereby enacting a traction force on the user's neck. Under control of the user's legs on the footbar, the user may choose to have one or more of; a prolonged cervical stretch, cyclic cervical stretch, and a pulsating cervical traction stretch. As needed the user may one or more of; remove their head from the pull platform, release the cervical fixation strap, and push on the footbar/jump board with their feet to remove the traction pull on the user's cervical spine at any time. The level of traction pull can be adjusted by engaging or disengaging one or more elastic tension members (i.e. 156A). In one form, a cervical traction head harness may be used as a substitute of the pull platform.

    (142) In another embodiment, a moveable carriage 150W is configured with a resilient rope mechanism 700W to provide quick carriage rope adjustment. In this embodiment a line to elastic coupler 702W is utilized to join the rope portion of a carriage rope 162W, 168W with an elastic rope portion 704W. The line to elastic coupler 702W may be in the form of threads, a flexible compression sleeve, or similar functional device. The free elastic end of the carriage rope is fixed to the carriage bottom 706W. An arrangement of first through fourth spaced pulleys 708W, 710W, 712W, 714W respectively provides an extended path for the carriage rope portion and the elastic rope portion 704W wherein the elastic portion of the rope is stretched and maintains a continuous pull on the carriage ropes. One embodiment of this aspect is illustrated in FIG. 29. Here a carriage rope 162W, 168W extends through a rope retainer 716W adjacent a cam cleat 720W. The rope then loops around first, second, third, and fourth spaced pulley before being fixed to the carriage bottom 706W. The pulleys are stacked in pairs in this embodiment for the routing of the opposed rope. One or more pulley posts 719W secure the pulleys to the carriage bottom 706W. A line retainer 718W may be placed adjacent to the rope to maintain the rope in the rope groove of the pulley.

    (143) The method to use a resilient rope mechanism 700W is as follows. With the carriage rope locked in the jaws of the cam cleat 720W, the user pushes down on rope until it falls within rope retainer 716W. Any slack in the carriage rope 162W,168W is retracted by action of the elastic rope portion 704W. The user adjusts the length of the rope desired by pulling or releasing the rope then uses their fingers to push the rope up into the cam cleat jaws. The carriage ropes are locked in position and the user may now begin performing their next exercise at the adjusted rope length. The line to elastic coupler 702W is placed such that an elastic portion of the carriage rope will not ever pass through the cleat jaws during rope adjustment.

    (144) It is noted that the terms “substantially” and “about” and “generally” may be utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.

    (145) The foregoing invention has been described in accordance with the relevant legal standards, thus the description is exemplary rather than limiting in nature. Variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiment may become apparent to those skilled in the art and fall within the scope of the invention.