COMPOSITION FOR FERTILIZATION AND TREATING TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBING PLANTS WITH PROGRAMMED RELEASE OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE THAT AT THE INJECTION LOCATION INDUCES FORMATION OF A CLUMP OF YOUNG ROOTS THAT BECOME THE MOUTH OF THE TREE

Abstract

The disclosed composition for fertilization and treating trees, shrubs and climbing plants with programmed release of the active substance is comprising the active substance stored in capsules made by nanoencapsulation or microencapsulation method and wherein based on capsule membrane the time of release of the active substance is adjusted. The active component stored in the nanocapsules or microcapsules can be such that it acidifies the surrounding soil in the range of pH 2,5 to pH 6,5. One example of such active component is the use of citric acid, which is completely ecological and does not create environmental pollution. Also, the active component in the nanocapsules can be such that it regulates the acidity of the soil in the range of pH 6,5 to pH 7,0. Furthermore, the active component in the special capsules can be an insecticide and/or in the special capsules fungicide, and/or in the special capsules acaricide and/or in the special capsules pheromone and/or in the special capsules repellent.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A composition for fertilization and treating of trees, shrubs and climbing plants with programmed release of an active substance, wherein the active substance is disposed in capsules which are made by one of a nanoencapsulation or microencapsulation method, wherein the time of release of the active substance is adjusted, and wherein the active substance has a prolonged effect based on the capsule membrane.

15. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 14, wherein the active substance acidifies the surrounding soil in the range between pH 2.5 to pH 6.5.

16. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 15, wherein the active substance includes citric acid.

17. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 14, wherein the active substance regulates soil acidity in the range between pH 6.5 to pH 7.0.

18. The composition for fertilization and treating as claimed in claim 14, wherein the active substance includes insecticide, and the composition further includes second capsules that include one or more of the group including fungicide, acaricide, pheromone, and repellent.

19. The composition for fertilization and treating as claimed in claim 14, wherein when the active substance includes flonicamide.

20. The composition for fertilization and treating as claimed in claim 14, wherein the composition is filled into biodegradable bags.

21. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 20, wherein the bags include a detection device disposed at an upper end of each bag to identify the location of the bag with the composition installed.

22. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 21, wherein the identification device is an RFID transmitter.

23. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 21, wherein the identification device is a metal ring.

24. The composition for fertilization and treating as claimed in claim 14, comprising: expanded volcanic sand—perlite in the range of 2.00 to 3.00 mass percentage; white peat in the range of 25.00 to 30.00 mass percentage; stable dung processed by red Californian earthworms in the range of 15.00 to 20.00 mass percentage; dehydrated horse dung in the range of 10.00 to 15.00 mass percentage; ground natural volcanoes zeolite mineral in the range of 30.00 to 35.00 mass percentage; slow-release mineral fertilizers with magnesium oxide and microelements in the range of 2.00 to 3.00 mass percentage; mineral complex fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the range of 2.00 to 3.00 mass percentage; chemically active substance up to 1 mass percentage, wherein the mass percentages are relative to the total weight of the composition, and wherein the composition is filled into biodegradable bags that are closed at an upper end of the bags by a biodegradable material.

25. A method of using a composition as claimed in claim 24, wherein said composition is packed in the biodegradable bags and placed vertically near roots of a plant into a previously made hole in soil so that the upper end of the biodegradable bags is at a position level with the terrain.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein a location proximate of the upper end of the biodegradable bag is covered with mulch.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein said composition packed in biodegradable bags is, when planting the plant on the edge of the plant pit, placed vertically so that the upper end of the biodegradable bag is in level with the terrain.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein, at the place of incorporation of the biodegradable bag a ball shaped clump of young roots with high absorption power is formed.

29. The composition for fertilization and treating, as claimed in claim 14, further including slow-working mineral fertilizers.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE METHOD OF INVENTION PRODUCTION

[0048] The active component is previously prepared, in the case that is insecticide, such as flonicamide, which is coated with membrane in required size by the method of nanoencapsulation or microencapsulation. For the use of nanoencapsulation are, most commonly, used polymers that have the advantage of comprising a large number of biocompatible and biodegradable molecules, including many suitable for the construction of different types of nanostructures that can be filled with the active substance (insecticide, fungicide, acaracid, pheromone or repellent). That also allows designing the capsules that contain molecules of a very different nature, size and water solubility. Also allows control over their release and concentration at relevant levels that allow effective action against plant pests or plant diseases. Also, the instrument for fertilization—fertilizer is closed by the nanoencapsulation method. Depending on the activation time, and that is in reaction with water, the wall thickness of the nanocapsules is determined, so that capsules with different wall thicknesses are produced, allowing the activation of the nanocapsules and the release of the active substance to be distributed over a period of 1 week to 8 weeks considering that the release dynamics in another performance can be resolved at different time intervals.

[0049] The obtained nanocapsules are placed in a neutral gel, in a way that with the obtained nano-gel can be more easily handled and it can be placed in certain mixtures, although the said nanogel can be used alone.

[0050] It is possible to use all five active components in one performance, each in separate capsules, namely: insecticide, fungicide, acaricide, pheromone and repellent. With those combinations, it is very important that the active components of each agent do not affect each other. In one performance, the time of activation of the active component, namely, leakage of the active component from the nanocapsule can be conditioned by the influence of water or scales, or by the action of air or citric acid or some other active substance which affects the membrane of the nanocapsule.

[0051] The preparation of the composition itself is performed in a way that following components to produce 100 kilograms of the composition are placed in the blender suitable for mixing: [0052] expanded volcanic sand—perlite, of granulation to 5 mm is put in amount of 16.00 kg [0053] white peat is put in amount of 43,00 kg [0054] stable dung processed using red California earthworms is put in amount of 15,00 kg [0055] dehydrated horse dung is put in amount of 8,00 kg [0056] ground natural volcanoes zeolite mineral with granulation up to 5 mm is put in amount of 15,00 kg [0057] slow release mineral fertilizers with magnesium oxide and microelements is put in amount of 1,50 kg [0058] mineral complex fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is put in amount of 1,50 kg

[0059] In the blender, the composition is blended for about 5 to 10 minutes. Such composition—the substrate is filled to the very tops of biodegradable bag made of jute, then the nanogel respectively active component in the nanocapsules is placed on top of the bag and everything closes from above with a jute binder. The nanogel can be put in these bags during placing the bag into the soil. The biodegradable bag is usually sewn from jute fabric with dimensions 40 cm in length and with 14 cm diameter of the aperture. Into the biodegradable bag fits 6,0 liters of substrate or about 3.50 kg of substrate in the dry state. The amount of added nanogel with the active substances depends on the prescribed dose of the active component, for e.g. that can be 10 grams of fungicide. Of course, if nitrogen in the nanocapsules is added, the amounts can be significantly higher, especially if the nanocapsules composition is such that it generates an extremely long release time, for e.g. 4 months or more. The combination of nanocapsules with nitrogen can be such that half of them release nitrogen during the first year of application of the composition and the other half of the nanocapsules release nitrogen in the second year of application, what significantly saves the costs of plant nutrition. Then the jute bag is packed in a PVC bag, which are on a best way vacuum-packed, labelled, stacked on pallets, bound with protective foil, and ready for transport. In another performance of the invention, the biodegradable bag can be made of biodegradable geotextile.

[0060] In case this composition is used for planting new seedlings, first has to be excavated a plant pit with dimensions from 40×40×40 cm to 100×100×100 cm, depending on the type and size of the seedling of the tree. For planting shrubs, has to be excavated a plant pit with dimensions from 40×40×40 cm to 60×60×60 cm, and for planting trees dimensions from 60×60×60 cm to 100×100×100 cm. For planting scrubs are one to four biodegradable bags used, and for planting trees two to eight biodegradable bags. In the case of planting a tree in extremely poor, compacted soil, it is recommended, with the aforementioned two biodegradable bags, to place up to a total of 8 bags in a wider radius in the plant pit to encourage the root to spread in this unfavourable soil. The bag is placed in a plant pit approximately 20 cm from the bale of a seedling, shrub or tree root respectively root system. The biodegradable bag is placed vertically, if it is a deeper planting pit, such as for trees or larger shrubs, in the upper part of the excavation facing down (binding spot facing downwards), in level with the ground, not covering with the soil because it must remain in constant contact with the air. The planting pit is covered with the rest of the earth from excavation or if it is about poor, low quality soil, it is advisable to replace the soil and add loose soil, with sandy structures. The earth around the bag and bale has to be pressed.

[0061] In case this composition is used for biological rehabilitation and protection of existing trees, shrubs, climbers, fruit trees, olives and vines with weak vital functions, first, it is necessary to test the locations and distribution of the existing root system with a metal rod, especially in the case of an older and larger tree with more branched root system. Then the location of the drilling on the peripheral (marginal) part of the root system, respectively the peripheral part of the tree top, if the aboveground part of the tree is viewed, is determined. It is necessary to drill two to eight holes, one opposite the other. The hole is usually drilled using a drill with dimensions 40 cm in length and 15 cm in diameter. The biodegradable bags used in such applications have implanted a RFID or metal ring so that they can be found later by one of the detection methods. Namely, after one to two years it is useful to determine the location of the hole and add new nutrients to the plant through it, as well as the active substances (insecticides, fungicides and pheromones, repellents, etc.), since this hole, because it represents source of nutrition for the plant, will be surrounded by newly developed root system. At this point the plant is going to, on a fastest way, absorb the active components through the root system and then the circulation of juices will lead to development of sprouts and leaves.

[0062] In one performance can slow-working mineral fertilizers be used, which have a prolonged effect such that their action lasts during most of vegetation time, or even longer. Such slow-working mineral fertilizers are obtained by the synthesis of various chemical compounds which contain nitrogen and are slowly degraded in the soil. These can also be granules of fertilizer coated with a layer of substance that does not allow fast nutrient transfer into the soil, respectively also nitrification inhibitors can be added.