GRIPPER

Abstract

A gripper for latching to a storage container is disclosed which includes: a gripper housing; a pair of gripper arms held in the gripper housing, wherein the gripper arms have cooperating shapes; and a movable rotatable actuator held in a channel between the pair of gripper arms for moving the gripper arms between closed and open positions. A load handling device for lifting and moving storage containers can include one or more grippers. A method of using a gripper, and a grid-based storage and retrieval system which can include at least one load handling device containing one or more grippers are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A gripper for latching to a storage container, comprising: a gripper housing; a pair of gripper arms held in the gripper housing, wherein the gripper arms have cooperating shapes; and a movable rotatable actuator means held in a channel between the pair of gripper arms for moving the gripper arms between closed and open positions; wherein the gripper is configured to be actuated with a substantially vertical or z-axis movement of the actuator means.

2. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface of each of the gripper arms comprise; a cam surface having a number of grooves or channels for receiving a distal end of the actuator means.

3. A gripper according to claim 2, wherein the cam surface is at least partially curved or spiralled.

4. A gripper according to claim 2, wherein each of the channels spiral in a same rotational direction.

5. A gripper according to claim 2, wherein the pair of gripper arms comprise: four substantially enclosed channels for receiving the distal end of the actuator means.

6. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of gripper arms are substantially the same.

7. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein each of the pair of gripper arms have 180° rotational symmetry about a z-axis.

8. A gripper according to claim 1, comprising: indicating means for rotational position of the actuator means.

9. A gripper according to claim 1, comprising: a detent means for orientating the actuator means.

10. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein the actuator means comprises: a plunger having at least one radial pin located at a distal end for guiding rotational movement of the plunger.

11. A gripper according to claim 10, wherein each plunger radial pin has a substantially octagonal cross section.

12. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein the gripper is configured such that the actuator means will provide at least one or more of: a first actuation movement to cause the gripper arms to move from the closed position to the open position, a second actuation movement to lock the gripper arms in the open position, a third actuation movement to unlock the gripper arms, and/or a fourth actuation movement to cause the gripper arms to move from the open position to the closed position.

13. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein the channel between the pair of gripper arms is angled to make a pinch point.

14. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein each of the gripper arms comprises: a number of meshing teeth.

15. A gripper according to claim 1, wherein a distal end of each of the gripper arms comprises: a hook for latching to a storage container, and/or wherein the distal end of the gripper arms are tapered.

16. A gripper according to claim 1, comprising: an indicating means for indicating whether the gripper arms are in the closed position or the open position.

17. A gripper according to claim 16, wherein the indicating means comprises: an indicating plate and a cover plate disposed over the indicating plate, the indicating plate including at least one differentiating region on its top surface, and the cover plate including at least one cut-out that is alignable over the differentiating region on the indicating plate.

18. A gripper according to claim 17, wherein the indicating means is connected to the actuator means such a that rotation of the actuator means will produce synchronised rotation of the cover plate.

19. A gripper according to claim 17, wherein the actuator means is rotatable to position the cover plate in a first position where the at least one cut-out is not aligned over the at least one differentiating region.

20. A gripper according to claim 19, wherein the actuator means is rotatable to position the cover plate in a second position where the at least one cut-out is aligned over the at least one differentiating region.

21. A gripper according to claim 16, wherein the indicating means is laterally displaced from the gripper.

22. A load handling device in combination with at least one gripper according to claim 1, the load handling device being configured for lifting and moving storage containers stacked in a grid framework structure which includes first set of parallel members and a second set of parallel members extending substantially perpendicularly to the first set of members in a substantially horizontal plane to form a grid pattern having a plurality of grid spaces, wherein the grid is supported by a set of uprights to form a plurality of vertical storage locations beneath the grid for containers to be stacked between and be guided by the uprights in a vertical direction through the plurality of grid space, the load handling device comprising: a body mounted on a first set of wheels configured and arranged to engage with the first set of parallel members and a second set of wheels configured and arranged to engage with the second set of parallel members; and a lifting assembly for raising and or lowering a load, the lifting assembly including the one gripper.

23. A load handling device according to claim 22, wherein the at least one gripper of the lifting assembly comprises: an indicating means for indicating whether the gripper arms are in the closed position or the open position.

24. A load handling device according to claim 23, comprising: a detection means for detecting a status of the indicating means, the status of the indicating means being based on whether the gripper arms are in the closed position or the open position.

25. A load handling device according to claim 24, wherein the detection means is located at a distance from the indicating means.

26. A method of gripping with one or more grippers, each gripper having a gripper housing, a pair of gripper arms held in the gripper housing wherein the gripper arms have cooperating shapes, and a movable rotatable actuator means held in a channel between the pair of gripper arms for moving the gripper arms between closed and open positions, wherein the gripper is configured to be actuated with a substantially vertical or z-axis movement of the actuator means, the method, comprising: actuating the one or more grippers with a first actuation movement to cause the gripper arms to move from a closed position to a open position; actuating the one or more grippers with a second actuation movement to lock the gripper arms in the open position; actuating the one or more grippers with a third actuation movement to unlock the gripper arms; and/or actuating the one or more grippers with a fourth actuation movement to cause the gripper arms to move from the open position to the closed position.

27. A grid-based storage and retrieval system comprising: a grid framework structure including: a first set of parallel members and a second set of parallel members extending substantially perpendicularly to the first set of members in a substantially horizontal plane to form a grid pattern having a plurality of grid spaces, wherein the grid is supported by a set of uprights to form a plurality of vertical storage locations beneath the grid for containers to be stacked between and be guided by the uprights in a vertical direction through the plurality of grid spaces; at least one load handling device configured for operating on the grid framework structure wherein the at least one load handling device includes: a gripper having a gripper housing; a pair of gripper arms held in the gripper housing, wherein the gripper arms have cooperating shapes; and a movable rotatable actuator means held in a channel between the pair of gripper arms for moving the gripper arms between closed and open positions; wherein the gripper is configured to be actuated with a substantially vertical or z-axis movement of the actuator means, and the handling devices includes a communication means; and a centralised control utility for controlling the at least one load handling device(s) to: lift a container from a stack beneath the grid, and/or lower a container into a stack beneath the grid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:

[0077] FIG. 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a frame structure for housing a plurality of stacks of bins in a storage system;

[0078] FIG. 2 is a schematic, plan view of part of the frame structure of FIG. 1;

[0079] FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are schematic, perspective views, from the rear and front respectively, of one form of robotic load handling device for use with the frame structure of FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 3(c) is a schematic perspective view of the known load handler device in use lifting a bin;

[0080] FIG. 4 is a schematic, perspective view of a known storage system comprising a plurality of load handler devices of the type shown in FIGS. 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c), installed on the frame structure of FIGS. 1 and 2;

[0081] FIGS. 5a-c show schematic z-x plane or front views of a gripper, which may be for use on a gripper assembly of a load handling device for lifting container(s) when operating within a system as described above in connection with FIGS. 1-4.

[0082] FIGS. 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e and 6f are a schematic views of the components which makeup the gripper;

[0083] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a pair of gripper arms with a plunger positioned between the arms;

[0084] FIGS. 8a and 8b are schematic views of a gripper for use as part of a gripper assembly, FIG. 8a shows a front view of a pair of cooperating gripper arms, and FIG. 8b shows a section view along the line A-A indicated in FIG. 8a showing internal channels within one of the gripper arms;

[0085] FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, and 9e are schematic views of the gripper taken through the line B-B as indicted in FIG. 9f, showing the sequence of positions of the plunger as the moves through the internal channels of the gripper;

[0086] FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c are schematic views of the gripper in use for lifting a container;

[0087] FIGS. 11a and 11b are schematic views of a pair of gripper arms, having meshing teeth;

[0088] FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the gripper comprising a gripper attachment;

[0089] FIGS. 13a and 13b show exploded views of an indicator, where FIG. 13a is a perspective view and FIG. 13b is a front view;

[0090] FIGS. 14a and 14b each show front and top views of the indicator at 0° rotation (FIG. 14a) and at 90° rotation (FIG. 14b); and

[0091] FIG. 15 shows a top view of a lifting assembly comprising four grippers each comprising an indicator.

[0092] It is known that a cam is a rotating piece in a mechanical linkage used to transform rotary motion into linear motion. Typically a shaft with an irregular cylindrical shape may produce a smooth reciprocating motion of a leaver in contact with the cam. A linear cam is one in which the cam element moves along a line, rather than rotating. The claim profile is cut into an edge or face of a plate or block. The gripper described herein is a cam variant.

[0093] The gripper 100 comprises a pair of gripper arms 110 operated by a plunger 111. The plunger 111 is held between the gripper arms 110 and is guided by a frame. The frame comprises two posts 113, on which a plate 112 may slide, wherein the plate 112 slides with the plunger 111. Vertical motion of the plunger 111 causes the gripper arms 110 to open and close. Further the plunger 111 may be used to lock the gripper 100 in position. In FIG. 5a, the plunger 111 fully raised and the gripper arms 110 are closed. In FIG. 5b, the plunger 111 is fully depressed and the gripper arms 110 are open. In FIG. 5c, the plunger 111 is at a half-way point or height and the gripper arms 110 are locked open. The vertical motion of the plunger 111 and the effect of the motion on the gripper 100 is described in more detail below.

[0094] FIG. 6 shows schematic views of each of the components which fit together to make the gripper 110. FIGS. 6a and 6b show the plunger 111, for use as an actuator means, shown as z-x and z-y views respectively. The plunger 111 comprises a rod 115 and a pair of symmetrically arranged radial pins 116 at one end, referred to as the distal end herein. As may be seen in FIG. 6b, the pins 116 are substantially octagonal in cross section.

[0095] FIG. 6c is a schematic perspective view and FIG. 6d is a schematic x-y view of the gripper housing 117, and FIG. 6e is a schematic z-y view of a gripper arm. A pair of cooperating gripper arms 110 are held together in the housing 117. Holes 118 are used to pivotally attach the arms 110 to the housing 117, keeping the pair of arms 110 in place within the housing 117. As can be seen in FIG. 6c, the inner side of the housing ends is curved to allow the gripper arms 110 to rotate about the pivot point 118. As can be seen in FIG. 6e, the head of the gripper arms 110 has a lip 119 which interacts with a corresponding lip around the lower inside edge of the housing 117 (not shown) to prevent the gripper arms 110 from falling through the housing 117. As described herein, the head end of the gripper arms is at the upper most end of the gripper 110 when in use, and the distal end is the lower most end of the gripper 110 when in use. When assembled, the gripper arms 110 rotate about the pivots 118 between the closed and open positions. FIG. 6f is a perspective view of a pair of gripper arms 110a, 110b. The gripper arms 110a, 110b are each the same, having 180° rotational symmetry. The inside face of the gripper arms 110a, 110b have recesses and cooperating protrusions, shaped to fit together when two gripper arms 110a, 110b are arranged side-by-side and the gripper is closed. The inside surface of the gripper arms 110a, 110b further comprise a number of cam grooves or channels which will be discussed in more detail below.

[0096] FIG. 7 shows a schematic z-x plane view of the pair of cooperating gripper arms 110 in a closed position, with the actuator means or plunger 111 inserted in the top of the pair 110. For simplicity the gripper housing is not shown in FIG. 7. In this position, the plunger pins 116 are orientated transverse to the gripper arms 110, or aligned with the gap between the gripper arms 110, and the gripper arm protrusions are nested within the cooperating recess.

[0097] FIG. 8a shows a schematic views of a pair of cooperating gripper arms 110, and FIG. 8b shows a section view along the line A-A indicated in FIG. 8a. For simplicity the gripper housing is not shown in FIG. 8. In such an arrangement, the recesses of the gripper arms form channels 1, 2, 3, 4 for receiving the distal end of the plunger (not shown). The channels define four distinct pathways that the plunger 111 follows in sequence -1-2-3-4-1- . . . etc. when actuated. As the plunger end moves vertically through the channels 1-4, the plunger 111 is guided on the sequenced pathway by the plunger pins 116 directed by the cam surfaces of the gripper arms 110. As noted above, the cross section of the pins 116 is octagonal. The pin edges may be bevelled also. This assists in smooth movement of the distal end of the plunger 111, and with keeping the pins 116 aligned with the channels 1-4. The shape of the cam surfaces causes the plunger 111 to rotate as the plunger 111 moves vertically.

[0098] FIGS. 9a-e are a schematic view of the taken through the pair of gripper arms 110 (as indicated along the B-B in FIG. 9f) showing the orientation of the plunger pins 116 as the plunger 111 moves through the channels 1-4. One pin 116 is marked with an ‘x’ to aid understanding of the relative rotation of the plunger 111 as it moves vertically through the channels 1-4. In practice the upper surface of the plunder 111 may be marked with an indicator means so that the orientation of the plunger 111 (and gripper arms) may be determined from above or distally from the gripper itself. FIGS. 10a-c are schematic views of the gripper 100 in use to lift a container 10. It will be appreciated that FIGS. 10a-c are similar to FIGS. 5a-c, with the addition of a container 10.

[0099] With the tips of the hook ends together in a closed position (FIG. 7), the distal end of the plunger 111 is located substantially at the top of the gripper 100, between the two gripper arms 110 and with the pins 116 aligned with the gap between the gripper arms 110 (FIG. 9a). In this arrangement of the gripper 100 the distal end of the gripper 100 may be inserted through an opening in a container 10 as shown in FIG. 10a and indicated by the arrow.

[0100] The downward movement may be continued into a first actuation movement of the gripper 100 where the plunger 111 is pushed in a substantially vertical downward direction relative to the gripper arms. The distal end of the plunger 111 follows the channel pathway 1 (FIG. 8a), and the gripper housing 117 and plate 112 abut the upper edge of the container 10. As the plunger end moves downward along channel 1, the rod 115 is caused by the pins 116 moving along the cam surface to rotate in a clockwise direction by approximately 45° (FIG. 9b). At the same time, the gripper arms 110 are pushed apart by the rod 115 moving down the channel between the upper part or head of the gripper arms 110 resulting in the gripper 100 moving to the open position (FIG. 10b).

[0101] To position the gripper 100 in place to lift the container 10, in the open position, the gripper 100 is lifted in an upward direction so that the hook ends abut and engage with the inside edge surrounding the container opening (FIG. 10c). In the same motion a second substantially vertical actuation movement of the plunger 111 relative to the gripper arms 110 pulls the plunger upwards rod end is directed along channel 2 to an upper position within the gripper arms 110. Moving along channel 2 the rod 115 is caused to rotate in a clockwise direction by approximately 45° and the pins 116 become aligned transverse to the gap between the gripper arms 110 (FIG. 9c). The rod end is now located in the uppermost position within the channel 2. The transverse pin 116 alignment at the top of channel 2 locks the gripper 110 in the open position. Accordingly in this position, the gripper 100 is secured in the container 10 and cannot be pulled out of the container opening.

[0102] To release the gripper 100, the gripper 100 must be returned to a closed position. In a third actuation movement, the plunger 111 is pushed downward relative to the gripper arms and the rod end is directed along channel 3. The shape of the channel causes the rod to rotate in a clockwise direction by approximately 45° (FIG. 9d). At the same time, the gripper arms 110 disengage with the underside of the container top edge, and the gripper housing 117 is pushed against the outside of the container.

[0103] Finally, in a fourth actuation movement, the plunger 111 is pulled in an upward direction along channel 4 to the return to the starting position. The shape of the channel causes the rod 115 to rotate in a clockwise direction by approximately 45°, where the pins 116 are again aligned with the gap between the gripper arms (FIG. 9e) and at the top of the gripper arms (FIG. 7). At the same time, the gripper arms 110 move together into the closed position under gravity (i.e. under the weight of the gripper arms 110) as the plunger is pulled upward and out from between the gripper arms 110. Alternatively, the gripper arms 110 can be forced together into the closed position as the plunger 111 moves upward. As can be seen in FIG. 7 just above the pivot points 118, the sides of the arms 110 are angled to the pinch point 120 to force the gripper arms 110 into the closed position when the plunger end is raised. The gripper 100 can then be removed from the container by continuing the upward movement and lifting the gripper out of the opening.

[0104] It will be appreciated from comparing FIGS. 9a and 9e that the plunger 111 has rotated by 180° from the closed start position, though the open and locked positions and back to a closed position. It will be appreciated from viewing FIGS. 10a-10c together, the vertical displacement of the plunger 111 relative to the gripper housing 117 has three positions: fully raised (FIG. 7 and FIG. 10a); fully depressed (FIG. 10b); and a half-way position between fully raised and fully depressed (FIG. 10c) where the plunger end is at the top of the channel 2. Not show, detent means may be used to ensure that the plunger ratchets between positions shown in FIGS. 9a-9e. Further, detent means may assist vertical movement of the plunger to move from one position to the next.

[0105] In order to retain the plunger 111, at the head end, the opening between the gripper arms is shaped with a pinch point 120, shown in FIG. 7. At the pinch point 120, the channel is too narrow for the plunger end and pins 116 to pass through. Therefore, when the gripper 100 is held together in the housing 117 it is not possible to accidentally remove the plunger 111.

[0106] FIG. 11 shows a feature where the arms 110 are shaped to have meshing teeth 121. FIG. 11a shows a schematic z-x plane view, and FIG. 11b shows a section view though the line C-C indicated on FIG. 11a. The teeth XX interlock or mesh together when the arms are in the closed position. This feature helps to maintain alignment of the gripper arms 111, and additionally locks the arms together.

[0107] FIG. 12 shows the gripper 100 including a gripper attachment 130 for connecting the gripper 100 to an indicator 140 (shown in FIGS. 13-15 and described further below). The gripper attachment 130 is connected to the top or proximal end 132 of the plunger 111 and is connected such that rotation of the plunger 111 causes rotation of the gripper attachment 130. The gripper attachment 130 includes a ball chain receiving portion 134 for receiving a ball chain (not shown). The ball chain receiving portion 134 encircles the rod 115 of the plunger 111 and includes a plurality of hemispherical concave recesses or sockets 135, each socket 135 being able to receive a ball from the ball chain. The ball chain receiving portion 134 is disposed between two parallel plates 136a, 136b that are transverse to the axis of the ball chain receiving portion 134 and the plunger 111 so that they act as washers for the ball chain received in the ball chain receiving portion 134.

[0108] FIG. 13a shows an exploded perspective view of the components forming the indicator 140, and FIG. 13b shows an exploded front view of the components forming the indicator 140. The indicator 140 includes an indicator attachment 141, an elongate indicating plate 142 and a cover plate 144 disposed over the indicating plate 142. The indicator attachment 141 includes a ball chain receiving portion 143 for receiving the ball chain (not shown). The ball chain receiving portion 143 includes a plurality of hemispherical concave recesses or sockets 145 of same shape and size as the sockets 135 in the ball chain receiving portion 134 of the gripper attachment 130 (shown in FIG. 12). This allows the same ball chain received in the ball chain receiving portion 134 of the gripper attachment 130 to be received in the ball chain receiving portion 143 of the indicator attachment 141. The ball chain loops around the ball chain receiving portions 134 and 143 and mechanically connects the plunger 111 with the indicator 140 (see FIG. 15). The ball chain receiving portions 134 and 143 act as pulleys or sprockets for the ball chain, where the ball chain receiving portions can drive the ball chain as they rotate or be driven by the rotating ball chain. In particular, as the gripper attachment 130 rotates (as a result of the plunger 111 rotating) it drives the ball chain disposed in the ball chain receiving portion 134. In turn, the driven ball chain causes rotation of the indicator attachment 141. The ball chain ensures synchronised and equal rotation between the gripper attachment 130 and the indicator attachment 141. The action of the ball chain is described in further detail below in relation to FIG. 15.

[0109] The indicating plate 142 includes coloured or contrast regions 146a, 146b on its top surface at each longitudinal end of the indicating plate 142. The indicating plate 142 also includes two downwardly extending clips 147a, 147b for attaching the indicating plate 142 to a lifting assembly. The clips 147a, 147b advantageously allow for easy attachment and/or removal of the indicating plate 142 from the lifting assembly. This enables the indicating plate 142 to be retrofitted to the lifting assembly, aiding manufacturing and assembly of the lifting assembly.

[0110] The cover plate 144 has a substantially circular shape and includes two cut-outs 148a, 148b which match the shape of the contrast regions 146a, 146b on the indicating plate 142, such that the contrast regions 146a, 146b on the indicating plate 142 are visible from above when the cut-outs 148a, 148b are aligned with the contrast regions 146a, 146b.

[0111] The cover plate 144 and the indicating plate 142 fit onto the indicator attachment 141. In particular, the indicator attachment 141 includes a central bolt head 150 which passes through a central locating hole 152 in the indicating plate 142 and fits into a projection 154 on the underside face of the cover plate 144. The projection 154 includes a hole or recess (not shown) for receiving the bolt head 150. The hole or recess has a semi-circular cross-section of same size as the semi-circular cross-section of the bolt head 150. This semi-circular cross section ensures that rotation of the bolt head 150 results in synchronised rotation of the cover plate 144.

[0112] The locating hole 152 in the indicating plate 142 allows for free rotation of the bolt head 150 relative to the indicating plate 142. Thus, the indicating plate 142 does not rotate with the indicator attachment 141. Furthermore, the clips 147a, 147b on the indicating plate 142 secure the indicating plate 142 to the lifting assembly, thereby further ensuring that the indicating plate 142 does not rotate with the indicator attachment 141. Thus, the cover plate 144 rotates with the indicator attachment 141 and relative to the indicating plate 142.

[0113] In the above embodiment, the cross section of the bolt head 150 ensures synchronised rotation between the bolt head 150 (and thus the indicator attached 141) and the cover plate 144. However, the skilled person will know of numerous other connecting means between the indicator attachment 141 and the cover plate 144 that result in equal or synchronized rotation between these two elements.

[0114] FIG. 14a shows front and top views of the indicator 140 when the plunger 111 is at a 0° rotation, and FIG. 14b shows front and top views of the indicator 140 when the plunger is at a 90° rotation.

[0115] As described above, the gripper arms 110 start from the closed start position (shown in FIG. 9a), move to the open and locked position (shown in FIG. 9c) before moving to the closed end position (shown in FIG. 9e). When the gripper arms 110 are in the closed start position, the plunger 111 is at a 0° rotation and the cover plate is positioned with the cut-outs 148a, 148b in the cover plate not aligned over the contrast regions 146a, 146b on the indicating plate 142, i.e. the cover plate covers the contrast regions and the contrast regions are not visible. As the gripper arms 110 move from the closed start position to the open and locked position, the plunger 111 rotates by 90°. As noted above, rotation of the plunger 111 causes rotation of the gripper attachment 130 which drives the ball chain disposed in the ball chain receiving portions 134, 143. In turn, the ball chain drives the indicator attachment 141 causing the cover plate 144 to rotate. The ball chain ensures synchronised and equal rotation between the gripper attachment 130 and the indicator attachment 141. Thus, as the plunger 111 rotates by 90°, this causes the indicator attachment 141 and the cover plate 144 to rotate by 90°. Rotating the cover plate 144 by 90° positions the cut-outs 148a, 148b over the contrast regions 146a, 146b on the indicating plate (i.e. the cut-outs 148a, 148b are aligned over the contrast regions 146a, 146b), such that the contrast regions 146a, 146b are exposed and visible from above.

[0116] As the gripper arms 110 move from the open and locked position to the closed end position, the plunger 111 and gripper attachment 130 rotate again by 90°, causing the indicator attachment 141 and the cover plate to rotate by 90° so that the cut-outs 148a, 148b are no longer aligned over the contrast regions 146a, 146b, i.e. the cover plate covers the contrast regions and the contrast regions are not visible. As the gripper arms 110 move between the closed and open and locked positions, the cover plate rotates by 90° thereby covering or exposing the contrast regions 146a, 146b.

[0117] Thus, the indicator 140 provides a visual means for a technician, an operator, a camera etc. to determine the status of the gripper arms 110 (i.e. whether the gripper arms are closed or open) and therefore whether the gripper 100 is latched to a storage container 10.

[0118] Rotating the cover plate by 90° so as to cover or expose the contrast regions 146a, 146b provides a binary indication of whether the gripper arms 110 are in the start/end closed positions or the open and locked position, i.e. the indicator 140 provides a binary indication of whether the gripper arms 110 are ‘closed’ or ‘open’. This provides a straightforward visual assessment for an operator, technician or camera when determining whether the gripper arms 110 are in the closed positions or the open position. This binary indication is also particularly useful when the assessment is used for machine learning purposes.

[0119] FIG. 15 shows a top view of a lifting assembly 160 comprising four grippers each with a gripper attachment 162a, 162b, 162c, 162d. The gripper attachments 162a, 162b, 162c, 162d are each connected to a respective indicator 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d by a ball chain 166a, 166b, 166c, 166d. The gripper attachments 162a, 162b, 162c, 162d and the indicators 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d are as described above. Each ball chain 166a, 166b, 166c, 166d loops around the ball chain receiving portion of the gripper attachment and the ball chain receiving portion of the indicator attachment and mechanically connects the plungers with the indicators 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d. As described above, the ball chain receiving portions act as pulleys or sprockets for the ball chains 166a, 166b, 166c, 166d. As the gripper attachments 162a, 162b, 162c, 162d rotate (as a result of the plungers rotating) they drive the ball chains 166a, 166b, 166c, 166d. In turn, the driven ball chains cause rotation of the indicator attachments. The ball chains ensure synchronised and equal rotation between each gripper attachment 162a, 162b, 162c, 162d and their indicator attachment.

[0120] Each indicator 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d includes a cover plate 168a, 168b, 168c, 168d that rotates by 90° (as shown by the arrows) to cover or expose the contrast regions, thereby indicating whether the respective gripper arms of each gripper are in the opened or closed positions. By providing an indicator 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d for each gripper in the lifting assembly 160, it can be determined whether the individual grippers are in or out of phase with one another, i.e. whether all four grippers have their gripper arms in the closed position or in the open position. Furthermore, by providing an indicator for each gripper as shown in FIG. 15, multiple indicators can be viewed simultaneously, thereby providing a straightforward means for a technician/operator or camera to determine whether the grippers are in phase and in sync with each other. Having all grippers in a lifting assembly in sync with each other is particularly advantageous for ensuring effective and optimal functioning of the lifting assembly. The grippers are located on the periphery of the lifting assembly 160 whereas the indicators 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d are provided within the periphery of the lifting assembly 160, in particular towards the centre of the lifting assembly 160. This advantageously allows a viewer or a camera with a relatively narrow field of vision to view all the indicators 164a, 164b, 164c, 164d simultaneously.

[0121] It will be appreciated that variations to the shape of the gripper which result in the descried functionality are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure. Machine learning ML techniques may be utilities to improve on the form function of the gripper, and optimise characteristics of the gripper.

[0122] Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance, it should be understood that the applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features referred to herein, and/or shown in the drawings, whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.

[0123] It will be appreciated that a farming system, method and devices can be designed for a particular application using various combinations of devices and arrangements described above. It will be appreciated that the features described hereinabove may all be used together in a single system. In other embodiments of the invention, some of the features may be omitted. The features may be used in any compatible arrangement. Many variations and modifications not explicitly described above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

[0124] In this document, the language “movement relative to a gap” is intended to include movement within the gap, e.g. sliding along the gap, as well as movement into or out of a gap.

[0125] In this document, the language “movement in the n-direction” (and related wording), where n is one of x, y and z, is intended to mean movement substantially along or parallel to the n-axis, in either direction (i.e. towards the positive end of the n-axis or towards the negative end of the n-axis).

[0126] In this document, the word “connect” and its derivatives are intended to include the possibilities of direct and indirection connection. For example, “x is connected to y” is intended to include the possibility that x is directly connected to y, with no intervening components, and the possibility that x is indirectly connected to y, with one or more intervening components. Where a direct connection is intended, the words “directly connected”, “direct connection” or similar will be used. Similarly, the word “support” and its derivatives are intended to include the possibilities of direct and indirect contact. For example, “x supports y” is intended to include the possibility that x directly supports and directly contacts y, with no intervening components, and the possibility that x indirectly supports y, with one or more intervening components contacting x and/or y.

[0127] In this document, the word “comprise” and its derivatives are intended to have an inclusive rather than an exclusive meaning. For example, “x comprises y” is intended to include the possibilities that x includes one and only one y, multiple y's, or one or more y's and one or more other elements. Where an exclusive meaning is intended, the language “x is composed of y” will be used, meaning that x includes only y and nothing else.