METHOD FOR PRODUCING EXTRACT COMPOSITION

Abstract

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for producing an extract composition by which polyphenols such as apigenin and/or essential oil components such as spiro-ether can be efficiently extracted from harvested herbaceous plants.

An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for producing an extract composition, including processes (1) and (2) below: (1) applying an oxidative stress to a harvested herbaceous plant and preserving it; and (2) obtaining an extract from the herbaceous plant that has undergone the process (1).

Claims

1. A method for producing an extract composition, comprising processes (1) and (2) below: (1) applying an oxidative stress to a harvested herbaceous plant and preserving it; and (2) obtaining an extract from the herbaceous plant that has undergone the process (1), wherein the plant in the process (1) is a plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, Umbelliferae, Lamiaceae, or Guttiferae.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant is an apigenin-containing plant, the process (1) is a process of applying an oxidative stress to a harvested apigenin-containing plant and preserving it; and the process (2) is a process of obtaining an extract from the apigenin-containing plant that has undergone the process (1).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant in the process (1) is a part or an entirety of the plant.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of an oxidative stress is an application of an oxidative stress with use of a liquid composition comprising an oxidizing agent.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the liquid composition comprises a spreading agent in addition to the oxidizing agent.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant comprises at least one of a polyphenol or an essential oil component.

7. (canceled)

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant in the process (1) is German chamomile, Angelica keiskei, peppermint, Saint John's wort, or Roman chamomile.

9. A method for producing an external product or food, comprising a process of producing an extract composition by the method according to claim 1.

10. An extract composition that is produced by the method according to claim 1, wherein the extract composition comprises apigenin in an amount of 0.001% by mass or more.

11. An external product or food comprising the extract composition according to claim 10 or a purified product thereof.

12. The method according to claim 4, wherein the application of an oxidative stress is performed by immersing the harvested herbaceous plant in the liquid composition, and an immersion time for immersing the harvested herbaceous plant in the liquid composition is 6 hours or more and 240 hours or less.

13. The method according to claim 4, wherein an amount of the liquid composition for the application of an oxidative stress is 1.5 times or more relative to a wet weight of the herbaceous plant to be in contact with the liquid composition.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the application of an oxidative stress in the process (1) is performed at a temperature of 10° C. or more.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the herbaceous plant in the process (1) is a harvested herbaceous plant after a lapse of 30 minutes or more and 7 days or less of harvest.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process (2) is a process of bringing the herbaceous plant that has undergone the process (1) into contact with an extraction solvent to elute an extract from the herbaceous plant, the extract comprises a polyphenol, and the extraction solvent is a butylene glycol aqueous solution.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the process (2) is a process of bringing the herbaceous plant that has undergone the process (1) into contact with an extraction solvent to elute an extract from the herbaceous plant, the extract comprises an essential oil component, and the extraction solvent is an oil solution having a solubility parameter (SP value) ranging from 15 to 21.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0076] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the following examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

1-1. Preparation of Liquid Compositions for Applying Oxidative Stress (Examples 1 to 4)

[0077] Oxidizing agent aqueous solutions of Examples 1 to 4 shown in Table 1 were prepared by mixing an oxidizing agent, a spreading agent, and water. Table 1 shows the contents (effective amounts) of the respective components in the oxidizing agent aqueous solutions. The water content in the oxidizing agent aqueous solution is a remainder after subtracting the oxidizing agent and the spreading agent from the total amount of the solution.

[0078] The following were used to prepare the oxidizing agent aqueous solutions.

Oxidizing Agent

[0079] Hydrogen peroxide solution [manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION, concentration, 35% by mass]

Spreading Agent

[0080] Nonionic surfactant [polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, the average number of added moles of ethylene group, 20, “RHEODOL TW-0120V” manufactured by Kao Corporation, concentration, 51.5% by mass).

1-2. Production Method of Extract Composition

Examples 1 to 4

[0081] An oxidative stress was applied to harvested chamomile using the prepared oxidizing agent aqueous solutions of Examples 1 to 4 to obtain extract compositions of Examples 1 to 4.

Harvest of Asteraceae Plant

[0082] Potted seedlings of Roman chamomile (Japanese name: Roman kamitsure) were planted in a hydroponic culture system (temperature, 25° C.) to grow. As a liquid fertilizer for hydroponic culture, HYPONICA (manufactured by KYOWA CO., LTD.)

[0083] was diluted 1000 times. After flowering of Roman chamomile, only the flowers were harvested.

Process (1)

[0084] The oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped with a dropper on the flowers within one day of harvest. The amount of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution dropped thereon was three times (2.4 g) the wet weight (unit: 0.8 g) of the flowers. The flowers were blended with the oxidizing agent aqueous solution and left to stand at 25° C. for three days under indoor conditions.

Process (2)

[0085] The flowers after the process (1) were immersed in a 1,3-butylene glycol aqueous solution (concentration, 60% by mass) in an amount 20 times (3.0 g) the dry weight (0.15 g) of the flowers after the process (1). The immersion temperature was 40° C., and the immersion time was one day.

[0086] Thereafter, the 1,3-butylene glycol aqueous solution (immersion solution), in which the flowers were immersed, was filtered with a filter (disposable filter manufactured by ADVANTEC, pore diameter, 0.45 μm) to obtain an extract composition.

Comparative Example 1

[0087] An extract composition of Comparative Example 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not dropped on the harvested flowers.

Comparative Example 2

[0088] An extract composition of Comparative Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

1-3. Evaluation

Evaluation of Apigenin Content

[0089] The apigenin content in the obtained extract composition was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under conditions below. Table 1 shows the results of the apigenin concentration, the apigenin concentration relative to the case of not applying an oxidative stress (Comparative Example 1), and the apigenin concentration relative to the case of applying an oxidative stress before harvest (Comparative Example 2).

Measurement Conditions

[0090] Column: InertSustain C18 (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.)

[0091] Eluant formic acid 0.1% (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B)

[0092] Gradient conditions: gradient from 95 (solution A):5 (solution B) to 10 (solution A):90 (solution B)

[0093] Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min

[0094] Column temperature: 40° C.

[0095] Detector: CAD

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Extract composition Relative to Timing to apply Relative to the case of Liquid composition for applying oxidative stress oxidative stress Apigenin the case of applying Oxidative stress Spreading agent to Roman concen- not applying oxidative applying agent Concentration chamomile tration oxidative stress before Kind Concentration Kind (mass %) (flowers) (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 1 Hydrogen   1 mM — — After 967 1.7 1.5 peroxide harvest Ex. 2 Hydrogen  0.1 mM — — After 911 1.6 1.4 peroxide harvest Ex. 3 Hydrogen 0.01 mM — — After 939 1.6 1.4 peroxide harvest Ex. 4 Hydrogen 0.01 mM Nonionic 0.10 After 1048 1.8 1.6 peroxide surfactant harvest Comp. — — — — — 572 1.0 0.9 Ex. 1 Comp. Hydrogen 0.01 mM — — Before 665 1.2 1.0 Ex. 2 peroxide harvest * Ex.: Example, Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example

[0096] Table 1 above indicates that Examples 1 to 4 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was performed increased the apigenin concentration in the extract compositions as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not performed. Table 1 also indicates that Example 3 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the harvested flowers increased the apigenin concentration in the extract composition as compared with Comparative Example 2 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest. The amount of apigenin in the extract compositions of Examples 1 to 4 was 0.05% by mass or more.

2-1. Preparation of Liquid Compositions for Applying Oxidative Stress (Example 5)

[0097] As the liquid composition for applying an oxidative stress, the same oxidizing agent aqueous solution as that in Example 2 was prepared.

2-2. Production Method of Extract Composition

Example 5

[0098] An oxidative stress was applied to harvested chamomile using the prepared oxidizing agent aqueous solution to obtain an extract composition of Example 5.

Harvest of Asteraceae Plant

[0099] Potted seedlings of German chamomile (Japanese name: kamitsure) were planted in a hydroponic culture system (temperature, 25° C.) to grow. As a liquid fertilizer for hydroponic culture, HYPONICA (manufactured by KYOWA CO., LTD.) was diluted 1000 times. After flowering of German chamomile, only the flowers were harvested.

Process (1)

[0100] The oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped with a dropper on the flowers within one day of harvest. The amount of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution dropped thereon was three times (2.4 g) the wet weight (unit: 0.8 g) of the flowers. The flowers were blended with the oxidizing agent aqueous solution and left to stand at 25° C. for three days under indoor conditions.

Process (2)

[0101] The flowers after the process (1) were immersed in squalane in an amount 3 times (0.45 g) the dry weight (0.15 g) of the flowers after the process (1). The immersion temperature was 60° C., and the immersion time was 6 hours.

[0102] Thereafter, the squalane (immersion solution), in which the flowers were immersed, was filtered with a filter (disposable filter manufactured by ADVANTEC, pore diameter, 0.45 μm) to obtain an extract composition.

Comparative Example 3

[0103] An extract composition of Comparative Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not dropped on the harvested flowers.

Comparative Example 4

[0104] An extract composition of Comparative Example 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

2-3. Evaluation

Evaluation of Spiro-Ether Content

[0105] The spiro-ether content in the obtained extract composition was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under conditions below. Table 2 shows the results of the spiro-ether concentration, the spiro-ether concentration relative to the case of not applying an oxidative stress (Comparative Example 3), and the spiro-ether concentration relative to the case of applying an oxidative stress before harvest (Comparative Example 4).

Measurement Conditions

[0106] 15 Column: InertSustain C18 (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.)

[0107] Eluant formic acid 0.1% (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B)

[0108] Gradient conditions: gradient from 95 (solution A):5 (solution B) to 10 (solution A):90 (solution B)

[0109] Flow rate: 0.5 ml/min

[0110] Column temperature: 40° C.

[0111] Detector: CAD

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Extract composition Liquid composition for Timing to apply Spiro- Relative to Relative to the applying oxidative stress oxidative stress ether the case of case of applying Oxidative stress to German concen- not applying oxidative applying agent chamomile tration oxidative stress Kind Concentration (flowers) (ppm) stress before harvest Ex. 5 Hydrogen 0.1 mM After 987 2.2 2.4 peroxide harvest Comp. — — — 444 1.0 1.1 Ex. 3 Comp. Hydrogen 0.1 mM Before 408 0.9 1.0 Ex. 4 peroxide harvest * Ex.: Example, Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example

[0112] Table 2 above indicates that Example 5 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was performed increased the spiro-ether concentration in the extract composition as compared with Comparative Example 3 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not performed. Table 2 also indicates that Example 5 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the harvested flowers increased the spiro-ether concentration in the extract composition as compared with Comparative Example 4 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

3-1. Preparation of Liquid Compositions for Applying Oxidative Stress (Examples 6 to 8)

[0113] As the liquid composition for applying an oxidative stress, the same oxidizing agent aqueous solution as that in Example 2 was prepared.

3-2. Production Method of Extract Composition

(Examples 6 to 8)

[0114] An oxidative stress was applied to harvested herbaceous plant using the prepared oxidizing agent aqueous solution to obtain extract compositions of Examples 6 to 8.

Harvest of Herbaceous Plants

[0115] Harvest of Umbelliferae Angelica keiskei leaves: Example 6

[0116] Harvest of Lamiaceae peppermint leaves: Example 7

[0117] Harvest of Guttiferae Saint John's wort leaves: Example 8

Process (1)

[0118] The oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped with a dropper on the leaves within one day of harvest. The amount of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution dropped thereon was three times (2.4 g) the wet weight (unit: 0.8 g) of the flowers. The flowers were blended with the oxidizing agent aqueous solution and left to stand at 25° C. for three days under indoor conditions.

Process (2)

[0119] The leaves after the process (1) were immersed in a 1,3-butylene glycol aqueous solution (concentration, 60% by mass) in an amount 20 times (3.0 g) the dry weight (0.15 g) of the leaves after the process (1). The immersion temperature was 40° C., and the immersion time was one day.

[0120] Thereafter, the 1,3-butylene glycol aqueous solution (immersion solution), in which the leaves were immersed, was filtered with a filter (disposable filter manufactured by ADVANTEC, pore diameter, 0.45 μm) to obtain an extract composition.

[0121] Extract composition of Angelica keiskei: Example 6

[0122] Extract composition of peppermint: Example 7

[0123] Extract of Saint John's wort: Example 8

Comparative Examples 5, 7 and 9

[0124] Extract compositions of Comparative Examples 5, 7 and 9 were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 6 to 8 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not dropped on the harvested leaves.

Comparative Examples 6, 8 and 10

[0125] Extract compositions of Comparative Examples 6, 8 and 10 were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 6 to 8 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the leaves before harvest.

3-3. Evaluation

Evaluation of Content of Extract Components

[0126] The chlorogenic acid and luteolin concentrations in the extract composition of Angelica keiskei, the rosmarinic acid and luteolin concentrations in the extract composition of peppermint, and the rutin concentration in the extract of Saint John's wort were measured under conditions below. Tables 3 to 5 show the results of the concentration, the concentration relative to the case of not applying an oxidative stress (Comparative Examples 5, 7 and 9), and the concentration relative to the case of applying an oxidative stress before harvest (Comparative Examples 6, 8 and 10).

Measurement Conditions

[0127] Column: InertSustain C18 (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.)

[0128] Eluant formic acid 0.1% (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B)

[0129] Gradient conditions: gradient from 95 (solution A):5 (solution B) to 10 (solution A):90 (solution B)

[0130] Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min

[0131] Column temperature: 40° C.

[0132] Detector: CAD

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Extract composition Relative to Relative to Liquid composition for Timing to apply Relative to the case of Relative to the case of applying oxidative stress oxidative stress the case of applying the case of applying Oxidative stress to Angelica Chlorogenic not applying oxidative Luteolin not applying oxidative applying agent keiskei acid conc. oxidative stress before conc. oxidative stress before Kind Conc. (leaves) (ppm) stress harvest (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 6 Hydrogen 0.1 mM After 553 11.8 9.2 67 3.9 1.6 peroxide harvest Comp. — — — 47 1.0 0.8 17 1.0 0.4 Ex. 5 Comp. Hydrogen 0.1 mM Before 60 1.3 0.8 42 2.5 1.0 Ex. 6 peroxide harvest

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Extract composition Timing to Relative to Relative to Relative to Relative to Liquid composition for apply the case of the case of the case of the case of applying oxidative stress oxidative not applying not applying Oxidative stress stress to Rosmarinic applying oxidative Luteolin applying oxidative applying agent peppermint acid conc. oxidative stress before conc. oxidative stress before Kind Conc. (leaves) (ppm) stress harvest (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 7 Hydrogen 0.1 mM After 1358 1.6 1.7 31 7.8 15.5 peroxide harvest Comp. — — — 854 1.0 1.1 4 1.0 2.0 Ex. 7 Comp. Hydrogen 0.1 mM Before 781 0.9 1.0 2 0.5 1.0 Ex. 8 peroxide harvest

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Extract composition Relative to Liquid composition for Timing to apply Relative to the the case of applying oxidative stress oxidative stress case of applying Oxidative stress to Saint John's Rutin not applying oxidative applying agent wort conc. oxidative stress before Kind Conc. (leaves) (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 8 Hydrogen 0.1 mM After 838 1.5 1.3 peroxide harvest Comp. — — — 565 1.0 0.9 Ex. 9 Comp. Hydrogen 0.1 mM Before 635 1.1 1.0 Ex. 10 peroxide harvest * Ex.: Example, Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example, conc.: concentration

[0133] Tables 3 to 5 above indicate that Examples 6 to 8 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was performed increased the concentration of the components in the extract compositions as compared with Comparative Examples 5, 7 and 9 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not performed. Tables 3 to 5 also indicate that Examples 6 to 8 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the harvested flowers increased the concentration of the components in the extract compositions as compared with Comparative Examples 6, 8 and 10 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

4-1. Preparation of Liquid Compositions for Applying Oxidative Stress (Examples 9 and 10)

[0134] As the liquid compositions for applying an oxidative stress of Example 9 and Example 10, an oxidizing agent aqueous solution containing nitric acid as the oxidizing agent and an oxidizing agent aqueous solution containing hypochlorous acid as the oxidizing agent were prepared, respectively.

4-2. Production Method of Extract Composition

Harvest of Asteraceae Plant

[0135] The same Roman chamomile flowers as those in Examples 1 to 4 were used.

Process (1)

[0136] The process (1) was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4.

Process (2)

[0137] The process (2) was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4 to obtain extract compositions.

Comparative Examples 11 and 12

[0138] Extract compositions of Comparative Examples 11 and 12 were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 9 and 10 except that the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

4-3. Evaluation

Evaluation of Apigenin Content

[0139] The apigenin content in the obtained extract composition was measured under the same conditions as those in Examples 1 to 4. Tables 6 and 7 show the results of the apigenin concentration, the apigenin concentration relative to the case of not applying an oxidative stress (Comparative Example 1), and the apigenin concentration relative to the case of applying an oxidative stress before harvest (Comparative Examples 11 and 12).

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Extract composition Relative to Relative to Liquid composition for Timing to apply the case of the case of applying oxidative stress oxidative stress not applying Oxidative stress to Roman Apigenin applying oxidative applying agent chamomile conc. oxidative stress before Kind Conc. (flowers) (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 9 Nitric After 836 1.5 1.2 acid harvest Comp. — — — 572 1.0 0.8 Ex. 1 Comp. Nitric Before 709 1.2 1.0 Ex. 11 acid harvest

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Extract composition Relative to Liquid composition for Timing to apply Relative to the case of applying oxidative stress oxidative stress the case of applying Oxidative stress to Roman Apigenin not applying oxidative applying agent chamomile conc. oxidative stress before Kind Conc. (flowers) (ppm) stress harvest Ex. 10 Hypochlorous After 859 1.5 1.2 acid harvest Comp. — — — 572 1.0 0.8 Ex. 1 Comp. Hypochlorous Before 709 1.2 1.0 Ex. 12 acid harvest * Ex.: Example, Comp. Ex.: Comparative Example, conc.: concentration

[0140] Tables 6 and 7 above indicate that Examples 9 and 10 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was performed increased the apigenin concentration in the extract compositions as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which the application of an oxidative stress with use of the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was not performed. Tables 6 and 7 also indicate that Examples 9 and 10 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the harvested flowers increased the apigenin concentration in the extract compositions as compared with Comparative Examples 11 and 12 in which the oxidizing agent aqueous solution was dropped on the flowers before harvest.

Industrial Applicability

[0141] The present disclosure provides a method for producing an extract composition by which, for example, polyphenols such as apigenin and/or essential oil components such as spiro-ether can be extracted efficiently.