Structural stud post with thermal break

Abstract

A structural stud post assembly comprising a center receiver section having opposing receiver channels formed by side walls and angled flanges, and a pair of raceway inserts also defining a raceway channel for accepting wiring and equipment to be disposed in the raceway. The raceways can be installed in the receiver channels to accept and accommodate wiring and equipment. The center receiver comprises a thermal break at about a midpoint to prevent there from being a metal-to-metal thermally conductive pathway through the stud. The structural stud post may be used in the construction of modular building systems.

Claims

1. A wall system comprising: a structural stud post assembly having a thermal break comprising: a receiver section comprising a center bar having a thermal break assembly disposed therein, said center bar having two pairs of parallel legs extending perpendicularly from opposing sides of said center bar, each of said two pairs of parallel legs having a pair of parallel side elements extending perpendicularly outwardly from a distal end of each leg of said each two pairs of parallel legs; a first pair of parallel side elements of said parallel side elements forming a channel on a first side of said center bar; and each parallel side element of a second pair of said parallel side elements having a flange element perpendicularly disposed at a distal end of said each parallel side element, said flange elements being coplanar and extending outwardly from said distal ends of said parallel side elements; and a raceway section comprising a bottom and two raceway legs, each of said two raceway legs having a proximal end attached to said bottom, and an opposing distal end, each of said two raceways legs extending in parallel from said bottom and having a raceway flange perpendicularly attached to said distal end of each of said two raceway legs, said raceway flanges being coplanar and extending outwardly from said distal ends, wherein said U-shaped cross section is sized and shaped to fit snugly into said channel.

2. The wall system of claim 1, wherein said thermal break assembly comprises an insulating structural polymer.

3. The wall system of claim 2, wherein said thermal break assembly further comprises a pour channel sized and shaped to accept said insulating structural polymer.

4. The wall system of claim 3, wherein each of said two pairs of parallel legs are made of a metal, and said pour channel comprises a removable metal bridge connecting said opposing pairs of legs, wherein when said removable metal bridge is removed, said structural stud post assembly does not have a thermally conductive metal contact path between said opposing pairs of legs.

5. The wall system of claim 1, wherein each parallel side element of said second pair of parallel legs comprises an interior angled element and exterior angled element.

6. The wall system of claim 1, further comprising a cover sized and shaped to fit between said flange elements.

7. The wall system of claim 6, wherein said cover can be removably snapped into position between said flange elements.

8. The wall system of claim 7, further comprising a pair of opposing separators attached to said parallel side elements of said second pair of parallel legs at an interior side of said each parallel side element and projecting inwardly towards each other.

9. The wall system of claim 6, wherein said cover is monolithically constructed with said parallel side elements of said second pair of parallel legs and said flange elements.

10. The wall system of claim 9, wherein said cover, said parallel side elements of said second pair of parallel legs, and said flange elements define a raceway enclosure.

11. The wall system of claim 1, wherein when said structural stud post assembly is assembled, a first flange element of said flange elements and a first raceway flange element of said raceway flange elements extend generally in parallel from a first lateral side of said assembled structural stud post.

12. The wall system of claim 11, further comprising at least one wall segment attachable to said assembled structural stud post at said first lateral side.

13. The wall system of claim 12, wherein said at least one wall segment has a thickness about the same as a distance between said first flange element and said first raceway flange element.

14. The wall system of claim 12, wherein said at least one wall segment has a thickness less than a distance between said first flange element and said first raceway flange element, and said wall system further comprises at least one panel stop.

15. The wall system of claim 14, wherein when said at least one wall segment is attached to said assembled structural stop post and said at least one panel stop is installed, said at least one wall segment is held in place by said at least one panel stop.

16. The wall system of claim 15, wherein when said at least one wall segment is attached to said assembled structural stop post and said at least one panel stop is installed, movement of said at least one wall segment is inhibited by said at least one panel stop.

17. The wall system of claim 16, wherein said at least one panel stop is a generally U-shaped element and a leg of said generally U-shaped element is braced against an interior side of said first raceway flange element.

18. The wall system of claim 16, wherein said at least one panel stop is a generally U-shaped element and a leg of said generally U-shaped element is braced against a side of said at least one wall segment.

19. The wall system of claim 16, wherein said at least one panel stop is a generally U-shaped element and a leg of said generally U-shaped element comprises a connecting element at a distal end thereof, said connecting element configured to interlock with a corresponding connecting element of said assembled structural stud post.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 depicts a prior art structural stud post.

(2) FIG. 2 depicts an isometric exploded view of a structural stud post according to the present disclosure.

(3) FIG. 3 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of a structural stud post and wall system according to the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 4 depicts a top-down, partially exploded view of a structural stud post according to the present disclosure.

(5) FIG. 5 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of an alternative structural stud post according to the present disclosure, having only one raceway, and in use with a tongue-in-groove wall panel system.

(6) FIG. 6 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of a further alternative structural stud post according to the present disclosure, having a single raceway and a dual raceway, and in use with a tongue-in-groove wall panel system.

(7) FIG. 7 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of still further alternative structural stud posts according to the present disclosure, having various raceway configurations.

(8) FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C depict top-down cross-sectional views of still further alternative structural stud posts according to the present disclosure, having a single raceway, and various configurations for use with tongue-in-groove wall panel systems and panel stops for use with panels of varying thicknesses.

(9) FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C depict top-down cross-sectional views of still further alternative structural stud posts according to the present disclosure, having a single raceway, in use with a tongue-in-groove wall panel system, and having various structures for panels of varying thicknesses.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

(10) The following detailed description and disclosure illustrates by way of example and not by way of limitation. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the disclosed systems and methods, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the disclosed systems and methods. As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the disclosures, it is intended that all matter contained in the description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

(11) FIG. 2 depicts an isometric partially exploded view of an embodiment of a structural stud post (201) as described herein. The depicted structural stud post (201) comprises three or more individual members, including a pair of opposing outer raceway sections (203), and an interposed inner receiver section (303). FIG. 3 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a structural stud post, including wall panels. FIG. 4 depicts a top-down cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a structural stud, partially exploded.

(12) Each of the depicted outer raceway sections (203) is generally in the same configuration, but is disposed in an opposing or mirrored orientation from each other when assembled. Each depicted outer raceway section (203) comprises a back element (205) attached at its opposing lateral or side edges two opposing side elements (207) extending therefrom, such that the back element (205) and side elements (207) together have a generally U-shaped cross section. The depicted side elements (207) are generally parallel from each other, and generally perpendicular to the back element (205), but this is by no means limiting, and other orientations and arrangements are possible. In an embodiment, the raceway sections may have differing configurations.

(13) Each of the depicted side elements (207) has a proximal end attached to an edge of the back element (205), and an opposing distal end. In the depicted embodiment, each of the distal ends has an interior angled element (213) attached thereto, which flares outwardly from the direction of the midpoint (214) of the outer raceway sections (203). In the depicted embodiment, the angle is approximately 45 degrees, but this is exemplary only and other angles may be used in an embodiment. Each of the interior angled elements (213) has a proximal end attached to the distal end of the corresponding side element (207), and an opposing distal end. In the depicted embodiment, an exterior angled element (211) is attached to the distal end of each interior angled element (213), at an angle effective to cause a distal end of each exterior angled element (211) to be generally coplanar with the plane of the corresponding side element (207). This causes the combination of the interior angled element (213) and exterior angled element (211) to have a generally V-shaped cross section, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. These elements will be understood as each being generally in the configuration of an elongated, thin rectangular prism, generally having a planar appearance extending from the floor track to the ceiling of a structure.

(14) The depicted exterior angled elements (211) are attached to the interior angled elements (213) at a proximal end of each exterior angled element (211), and an opposing distal end of each exterior angled element (211) is attached to an exterior side element (215). Each depicted exterior side element (215) is generally coplanar with its corresponding first side element (207). Each of the depicted exterior side elements (215) is attached to the corresponding exterior angled element (211) at a distal end of the exterior angled element (211), and a distal end of each exterior side element (215) is attached to a flange (209). As can be seen in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, the flange (209) extends outwardly from the midpoint (214) of the outer raceway section (203). The depicted flanges (209) are generally coplanar, generally parallel to the back element (205) and generally perpendicular to the side elements (207) and the exterior side elements (215). Again, this is by no means limiting and other configurations are possible.

(15) The depicted inner receiver section (303) is be comprised of one or multiple components assembled to form a single logical inner receiver section. The depicted inner receiver section (303) is roughly in the configuration of an H. The sides of the H are the back elements (305) of the inner receiver section (303). Each of the depicted back elements (305) is an elongated planar element having a width slightly larger than the width of the back elements (205) of the outer raceway sections (203).

(16) The depicted inner receiver section (303) further comprises a pair of opposing side elements (307) extending from the back elements (305) at opposing lateral ends or side thereof, generally parallel to each other, and generally perpendicular to the back element (305). As can be seen in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, this provides a generally U-shaped cross section of the back element (305) and the side elements (307). The dimensions of these elements are slightly larger than those of corresponding structures of the outer raceway sections (203) so that the U-shaped cross section of the back element (205) and side elements (207) fits within the U-shaped formed by the back element (305) and side elements (307) of the inner receiver section (303). Likewise, at the distal ends of the side element (307) a first angled element (313) flares outwardly from the midpoint (214). The angle is generally the same as the angle at which the interior angled elements (213) flare from the side elements (207) of the outer raceway sections (203). This, again, causes the outer raceway sections (203) to fit within the corresponding elements of the inner receiver section (303).

(17) The depicted inner receiver sections (303) contain an opposing pair of these structures; that is, a pair of back elements (305), opposing side elements (307) and opposing first angled elements (313). These elements are disposed in opposing orientations, making the inner receiver section (303) roughly symmetric about a plane (216) bisecting the inner receiver section (303) laterally. In the depicted embodiments, disposed between the back elements (305) of the inner receiver section (303) is a thermal break (304). In the depicted embodiment, the thermal break (304) is formed by walls extending from the back sides of the back elements (305) in the opposite direction from the side elements (307). Thus, the walls forming a thermal break (304) extend towards each other and connect to define a cavity. This cavity may be filled with insulation or other appropriate material for establishing a thermal break.

(18) The thermal break may be formed using any number of techniques known in the art, and/or comprised of any number of different materials known in the art. By way of example and not limitation, in an embodiment, the thermal break may comprise a reinforced polyamide bar disposed between the interior and exterior aluminum profiles, which creates an insulated barrier within the frame. The thermal break may further comprise a material installed in the frame that physically separates the interior portion of the framework from the exterior portion, causing the thermal pathway for heat energy transfer through the wall frame to become “broken.” This material is generally a material that qualifies as having low thermal conductivity as defined by prevailing standards organizations. By way of example and not limitation, the material may be a plastic or non-metallic resin, but in any case, preferably a material having a conductivity of no more than 0.5 W/m.K.

(19) In an alternative embodiment, and pour and de-bridge process may be used. For example, a channel may be formed to encapsulate an insulating material, such as a polymer. The channel may be conditioned to ensure proper adhesion of the insulating material, and then the insulating material is dispensed into the channel having a single bridge between two adjacent components to provide the thermal barrier. The insulating material may be engineered or designed to harden or solidify into a structural polymer. Finally, a mill may be used to remove the bridge and prevent any direct metal-to-metal contact and thereby establish the hardened insulating polymer as a structural thermal barrier.

(20) The sizes, shaped, and dimensions of the various components may be configured or chosen so as to be effective to cause the raceways to be snugly disposed within the channels of the receivers. That is, the corresponding wall elements should generally be in contact, or nearly in contact, with one another with little or no gap between corresponding elements, as shown in, for example, the assembled embodiment of FIG. 3, but the fit is preferably not be so tight as to require an installer to deform the elements to achieve connection.

(21) When the depicted structural stud post (201) is assembled, the corresponding outer raceway sections (203) are connected at their respective back elements (205) to a corresponding back element (305) of the inner receiver section (303). They may be affixed thereto using hardware, adhesive, or other affixation methods known in the art or in the future developed. Once assembled, the four flanges (209) are effectively disposed at opposing and opposite corners of the assembled stud post (201). This causes one of each of the opposing flanges (209) of the outer raceway section (203) to define a retaining channel (111) for the lateral edge of a modular wall segment. Because the assembled structural stud post (201) is symmetric about a middle plane (214), two such channels (111) are formed on opposing sides of the assembled structural stud post (201). Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, two wall segments (407) can be disposed generally coplanar and attached to the assembled structural stud (201).

(22) As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, each of the outer raceway sections (203) defines a raceway (405) into which wiring, cabling, and/or other electrical and communications equipment or components can be disposed. If the raceway is not used, or is only partially used, a cover (403) can be installed to hide the raceway (405). The cover (403) may be attached via hardware or may be configured to simply snap onto the raceway (405). The embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, is a top-down cross-sectional view of an assembled structural stud post installed in a wall system.

(23) FIG. 5 depicts an alternative embodiment of a structural stud post according to the present disclosure. In the depicted embodiment of FIG. 5, the assembly has only one raceway (405A) on one side, and the corresponding opposing space (405B), which would ordinarily function as a raceway, has a monolithically constructed cover (503). As can be seen in the depicted embodiment of FIG. 5, the structural stud post comprises, essentially, two members, including one outer raceway section (203A), and a combination inner receiver section (303)/enclosed raceway section (203B).

(24) In the depicted embodiment, the outer raceway section (203) has generally the same configuration as described with respect to FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. In the depicted embodiment, the exterior side elements (215) are longer than depicted in the embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, in order to accommodate the tongue-in-groove wall panel system (407).

(25) In the depicted embodiment, the opposing side of the structural stud post (201) is an enclosed raceway section (303B) that does not have a corresponding outer raceway section as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, but rather is a similarly shaped, but enclosed element. This element includes a back element (305), but the side elements (507) are a similar monolithic construction, unlike in the outer raceway section (203A) which is shown as a physically separate element that fits within the inner receiver section (305).

(26) The overall shape and configuration of the enclosed raceway section (303B) is similar, in that at the distal ends of the side elements (507) is disposed a pair of opposing interior angled elements (513), which flare outwardly from the direction of the midpoint (214) of the enclosed raceway section (303B). In the depicted embodiment, this angle is approximately 45 degrees, but this is exemplary only and other angles may be used in an alternative embodiment. Each of the depicted interior angled elements (513) has a proximal end attached to the distal end of the corresponding side element (507), and an opposing distal end.

(27) In the depicted embodiment, a pair of opposing exterior angled elements (511) are attached to the distal end of each interior angled element (513), at an angle effective to cause a distal end of each exterior angled element (511) to be generally coplanar with the plane of the corresponding side element (507). As with the other embodiments, this causes a combination of the interior angled element (513) and an exterior angled element (511) to have a generally V-shaped cross-section, as shown in FIG. 5.

(28) The depicted exterior angled elements (511) are attached to the interior angled elements (513) at a proximal end of each exterior angled element (511), and an opposing distal end of each exterior angled element (511) is attached to an exterior side element (515). Each of the depicted exterior side elements (515) is attached to the corresponding exterior angled element (511) at a distal end of the exterior angled element (511), and a distal end of each exterior side element (515) is attached to a flanged exterior surface (503).

(29) Unlike in the previously described embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, where the exterior is comprised of a pair of opposing flanges (209), with a removable cover (403) disposed between, in the depicted embodiment of FIG. 5, the flanged exterior side (503) is part of the single monolithic construction of the enclosed raceway element (303B), and comprises, effectively, a monolithic construction of the combination of the flanges (209) and the cover (403). As can be seen in the depicted embodiment, there is no removable element, and the enclosed raceway (405B) is effectively inaccessible. Also, as can be seen in the depicted embodiment, the side elements (515) include a curved element, but this is by no means necessary, and in alternative embodiments, the side elements may be straight or have other dimensions or shapes.

(30) The total width of the flanged exterior side (503) is generally the same as the total width between the opposing ends of the flanges (209) of the outer raceway section (203) disposed on the opposing side of the structural stud post (201). Like the side elements (215) of the outer raceway section (203A), the side elements (515) of the enclosed raceway section (303B) are sized, shaped, and dimensioned to accommodate the tongue-in-groove wall panel system (407), as shown.

(31) The depicted embodiment is exemplary only and in an alternative embodiment, different dimensions, shapes, or sizes may be used to accommodate a particular wall paneling system. Also, whereas the embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are generally symmetrical about the center plane (216), the depicted embodiment of FIG. 5 has a smaller, shallower outer raceway section (203A), as compared to the enclosed raceway section (303B). This is exemplary only, and not limiting, and, in an alternative embodiment, these two structures may be of approximately the same depth, or the outer raceway section may be deeper than the enclosed raceway section.

(32) FIG. 6 depicts a still further embodiment of a structural stud post according to the present disclosure. In the depicted embodiment of FIG. 6, the stud post (201) comprises two opposing outer raceway sections (203) and (603), with the first such section (203) having generally the configuration described in the embodiments of FIGS. 2, 3, and 4. However, in the depicted embodiment of FIG. 6, the second outer raceway section (603) does not comprise a separate removable raceway section, but rather it comprises a monolithic construction similar to that of the embodiment of FIG. 5, except that the exterior side (503) comprises a removable cover (403). Additionally, the depicted second outer raceway section (603) of FIG. 6 comprises two separate raceway sections enclosed within the structure: a first raceway section (605A) and a second raceway section (605B). These two sections are defined by a pair of opposing separators (606).

(33) As can be seen in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the first raceway (605A) is disposed adjacent to the back (605) and the second raceway (605B) disposed adjacent to the first raceway (605A) and the removable cover (403). In the depicted embodiment, the raceway separators (606) are connected to the sides (607), and project orthogonally towards the midline (214). In the depicted embodiment, the separators (606) define an opening between their distal ends to provide access to the first raceway (605A). The depicted configuration is exemplary only, and, in an alternative embodiment, other configurations may be used, including, but not limited to, raceway separators (606) having a different shape, position, dimension, being nonsymmetrical, or being disposed in a manner other than orthogonal.

(34) As can also be shown in the depicted embodiment of FIG. 6, the second outer raceway section (603) also comprises structures analogous to those depicted in other embodiments, including, but not necessarily limited to, the interior angled element (613), the exterior angled element (611), the exterior side element (615), and the flanges (609).

(35) FIG. 7B depicts an alternative embodiment of a structural stud post (201) according to the present disclosure. The embodiment depicted in FIG. 7 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5, except that the sides (507) of the enclosed raceway section are straight, and do not have angled portions (513) and (511). Instead, the sides (507) adjacent to the back (505) continue into and merge with sides (515).

(36) FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C depict various alternative embodiments, differing primarily in the size of the wall panel (407) used with the structural stud post, and the size and configuration of a panel stop used to support each of the different wall panel thicknesses.

(37) The depicted embodiments of FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C differ in that they do not include the thermal element, but, in alternative embodiments, a thermal break as described herein may be included as shown, for example, in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C. In the depicted embodiments, the structural stud post (201) comprises two component elements: a first raceway portion (803), and a second raceway portion (804). The depicted first raceway portion (803) comprises a back side (805) with a pair of opposing and perpendicularly attached sides (807). A proximal end of the sides (807) is connected to the back side (805), and an opposing distal end of the sides (807) is attached to an end of a flange (209), which extends outwardly from a midline of the post (201), generally perpendicularly. Disposed between the flanges (209) is an opening which provides access to the internal raceway defined by the back side (805) and the side elements (807). The depicted embodiment further comprises a removable cover (403A) as described elsewhere herein.

(38) Also shown in the depicted embodiment is a pair of opposing separators (806) disposed near the back side (805). The separators define a compartment adjacent to the back side (805). This compartment provides sufficient clearance for the head of a fastener or plurality of fasteners (809) used to attach the first raceway portion (803) to the enclosed raceway portion (805). In the depicted embodiment, the fasteners are screws, but other methods of fastening the two components together may be used.

(39) The second raceway portion (403B) has a configuration similar to that depicted in the second raceway of FIGS. 5 and 7, in that the raceway comprises a back (802), a pair of opposing sides (808), and a monolithic construction with an exterior side (812). The depicted exterior side (812) is similar in shape and dimension to the combination of the flanges (209) and the cover (403) when installed. Thus, the interior defined by the back (802), sides (808), and exterior (812) define an enclosed internal raceway (403B). As shown in FIG. 8A, this structure is used to contain the puncturing ends of the fasteners.

(40) Also shown in FIG. 8A is a pair of wall panels (407) and (801A) installed in association with the post (201). In the depicted embodiment, one such wall panel (407) is sized and shaped to be received within the cavity (111) defined by the flange (209) and the corresponding and opposing flange element of the exterior surface (802). However, on the opposite side of the post, the wall element (801A) has a thickness less than the distance between the flange (209) and the exterior (812).

(41) In order to install and hold the wall element (801A) in place, a panel stop (803A) may be inserted between the wall element (801A) and either the flange (209) or the exterior surface (812). In the depicted embodiment, the panel stop has a generally U-shaped cross-section, with one leg of the U braced against the interior side of the flange (209) or exterior surface (812), and the other leg braced against a side of the wall panel (801A). In the depicted embodiment, the total thickness of the wall panel, and the length of the bottom of the U-shape of the panel stop (803A) is the same as the width of the cavity defined by the flange (209) and the exterior (812). Thus, no additional bracing is needed for the panel stop (803A) to hold the wall panel (801A) in place. For example, if the stud post is configured for use with a 3″-thick panel (407), and a 1⅞″ panel (801A) is used, then the length of the base of the panel stop (803A) will be 1⅞″.

(42) FIG. 8B depicts the embodiment of FIG. 8A, except in use with a smaller wall panel (801B) and an alternative configuration of the panel stop (803B). In the depicted embodiment of FIG. 8B, the panel stop has a generally U-shape, except that one leg of the U is bent at an angle. That is, the panel stop has a base side (821), and a first leg (823) attached generally perpendicularly to the base side (821). The depicted panel stop (803B) also has a second leg (825), also attached perpendicularly to the base side (821), but the depicted second leg (825) is shorter than the first leg (823). The depicted panel stop (803B) further comprises an angled element (827) attached to the second leg (825) and flaring outwardly from the midline. In the depicted embodiment, the thickness of the panel (801B) is much smaller than the overall depth of the stud post, and the panel stop (803B) is configured to hold the thin panel (801B) in place without having to brace itself against both the panel (801B) and one of the flanges. Instead, the distal ends of the leg (823) and the angled element (827) comprise connecting elements (831) and (833). These connecting elements (831) and (833) are sized, shaped, and configured to interlock with corresponding connecting elements (811) and (810) disposed on the interior side of the flange and on the exterior side of the wall (807).

(43) As can be seen in FIG. 8B, the connecting element (833) on the distal end of the angled element (827) is a rounded tip configured to be received within a detent on the flange. The panel stop (803B) is held in place by the connecting element (831) at the distal end of the longer leg (823). This element has an angled bottom surface that interlocks with a corresponding angled surface on the connecting element (811), which inhibits the panel stop from moving.

(44) Similarly, in FIG. 8C, an even smaller panel (801C) is shown with an alternative arrangement of a panel stop (803C). The depicted panel stop (803C) of FIG. 8C has a generally similar configuration to the panel stop (803B) of FIG. 8B, but the angle of the angled element (827) is shallower, in order to configure the smaller leg (825) to brace against the thinner panel element (801C).

(45) In this fashion, the same embodiment of the stud post (201) can be used to hold a plurality of different panel thicknesses, ranging from a full width panel (407), to panels having a variety of thicknesses which are less than that of the depth of the stud post (201).

(46) FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C depict a still further embodiment of a stud post (201). In the depicted embodiments of FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C, a stud post with a thermal break, and having a configuration similar to that of FIG. 7 as well as 8A, 8B, and 8C, is shown. In the depicted embodiment, there is an open raceway element, similar to that shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C, and an opposing enclosed raceway element, similar to that in FIG. 7. Situated between these elements is a thermal break. The enclosed raceway is monolithically constructed with the receiver for the outer raceway element, with a thermal break disposed therebetween. In the depicted embodiment, the thermal break comprises a full separation between the metallic elements. That is, the thermal break material is filled, and the connecting element between the closed raceway element, and the opposing receiver, is broken.

(47) In this embodiment, the outer raceway element is attached to the receiver via fasteners, as shown and described with respect to FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C. Otherwise, the embodiments of FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C contain elements, such as the panel stops, that are similar to FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C. Of note, in FIG. 9A, the panel stop (906) is braced against both an attaching element (901) on the inside of the flange, and a corner (902) of the exterior of the receiver. In the depicted embodiment, this corner (902) includes a raised element with an angled surface, unto which the connecting element (903) at the distal end of the panel stop (906) leg (904) can latch in order to inhibit movement. This configuration facilitates a static hold of the depicted panel (905), similar to that shown in FIG. 8A, except that the embodiment of FIG. 9A would generally be deeper. For example, in FIG. 9A, the depicted post may be used with a 5″ panel (905), meaning that to hold an installation of a 1⅞″ panel (905), the panel stop (901B) must have a base width of about 3⅛″.

(48) Similarly, FIGS. 9B and 9C depict embodiments of the panel stop used in connection with the stud post similar in configuration to those depicted in FIGS. 8B and 8C. Embodiments of FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C also depict the use of a thermal break as described elsewhere herein in conjunction with the panel stops and a tongue-in-groove panel system.

(49) It should be noted that although tongue-in-groove panels are depicted and described, the posts in question may be used with any type of panel, including but not necessarily limited to a sandwich panel for all depicted embodiments.

(50) Throughout this disclosure, terms such as “generally,” “about,” and “approximately” may be used, such as, but not necessarily limited to, with respect to geometric terms, including shapes, sizes, dimensions, angles, and distances. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that, in the context of this disclosure, these terms are used to describe an attempt by a person of ordinary skill in the art to cause the component in question to be recognizable as conforming to the qualified term. By way of example and not limitation, components described as being “generally coplanar” will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art to not be actually coplanar in a strict geometric sense because a “plane” is a purely geometric construct that does not actually exist and no component is truly “planer,” nor are two components ever truly coplanar.

(51) Variations from geometric descriptions are unavoidable due to, among other things, manufacturing tolerances resulting in shape variations, defects, imperfections, non-uniform thermal expansion, natural wear, and other deformations. Further, there exists for every object a level of magnification at which geometric descriptors no longer apply due to the nature of matter. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand how to apply relative terms such as “generally,” “about,” and “approximately” to describe a reasonable range of variations from the literal geometric meaning of the qualified term in view of these and other context-specific considerations. Additionally, the use of the conjunctive and disjunctive should not necessarily be construed as limiting, and the conjunctive may include the disjunctive, and vice versa.

(52) While the invention has been disclosed in conjunction with a description of certain embodiments, including those that are currently believed to be the preferred embodiments, the detailed description is intended to be illustrative and should not be understood to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, embodiments other than those described in detail herein are encompassed by the present invention. Modifications and variations of the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.