REACTOR FOR WASTE DISPOSAL

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for disposal of waste in solid, liquid and gaseous state thereof, in particular, it relates to devices for providing waste disposal by plasma-chemical destruction. A technical effect obtained by this invention is implementation of a reactor providing destruction of both organic and inorganic substances of residential solid and/or liquid waste. The technical effect is obtained by a reactor provided in form of a closed cavity having an input orifice connected to a waste feed apparatus and an output orifice for outputting gaseous products of destruction. Inner surfaces of the cavity are made electrically conductive entirely or partially and an electrode is inserted into the reactor. The electrode is isolated from the conductive surfaces and connected to a source of high-voltage pulses, and size of a gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the cavity provides formation of plasma streamers by corona discharge.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. (canceled)

3. (canceled)

4. (canceled)

5. (canceled)

6. (canceled)

7. (canceled)

8. (canceled)

9. (canceled)

10. (canceled)

11. (canceled)

12. (canceled)

13. (canceled)

14. (canceled)

15. (canceled)

16. (canceled)

17. (canceled)

18. (canceled)

19. A reactor for waste disposal, comprising: a housing in a form of a cavity with an input orifice connected to a waste feed apparatus, and an output orifice for outputting gaseous products of the waste disposal, wherein inner surfaces of the cavity are entirely or partially conductive; an electrode inserted into the cavity, wherein the electrode is isolated from the conductive surfaces; and a source of high-voltage pulses connected to the electrode, wherein a size of a gap between the electrode and the inner surfaces of the cavity is configured to generate streamers of pulse corona discharge plasma when the high-voltage pulses are supplied to the electrode.

20. The reactor of claim 19, wherein the electrode is made of steel.

21. The reactor of claim 19, wherein a bottom of the cavity is covered by a conductive moisture-containing liquid.

22. The reactor of claim 19, wherein a gap between the electrode and at least one portion of the conductive inner surfaces of the cavity is 5 to 50 mm.

23. The reactor of claim 23, wherein a gap between the electrode and a surface of a conductive moisture-containing liquid covering a portion of the conductive inner surface of the cavity is 5 to 50 mm.

24. The reactor of claim 19, wherein conductive portions of the inner surfaces of the cavity are made of steel or metal or metal alloy and are grounded.

25. The reactor of claim 19, wherein non-conductive inner surfaces of the cavity have a protective coating made of a dielectric material.

26. The reactor of claim 19, wherein the electrode is cylindrically shaped and has a sharpened tip.

27. The reactor of claim 26, wherein the electrode is equipped with ribs shaped as steel strips attached to the electrode by short sides thereof, while long sides of the steel strips are directed to the electrode and the ribs are angularly disposed relative to the electrode towards a tip of the electrode.

28. The reactor of claim 27, wherein the angle between the steel ribs and axis of the electrode is 20 to 60 degrees.

29. The reactor of claim 27, wherein the cylindrical electrode is equipped with 3 to 6 steel ribs.

30. The reactor of claim 27, wherein a steel grid is secured in parallel to a bottom of the cavity through isolating spacers attached to the bottom, wherein the grid has an opening for the electrode so as to form a gap around the electrode, and wherein free ends of the ribs abut on the isolating spacers secured to the grid.

31. The reactor of claim 26, wherein a bottom of the cavity is flat and conductive and the electrode is located with a gap transversally to the bottom of the cavity.

32. The reactor of claim 26, wherein a gap around the cylindrical electrode is 3 to 10 mm, but it is less than size of the gap between the electrode tip and the conductive bottom.

33. The reactor of claim 19, wherein pressure inside the reactor is 0.1 to 1 Pa lower than atmospheric pressure.

34. The reactor of claim 19, wherein under-pressure inside the reactor is provided by connecting an electrostatic filter with a sucking air blower to the output orifice.

35. The reactor of claim 19, wherein intake of air is limited by a wad that closes the input orifice of the reactor, wherein the wad is pre-formed by pressurizing waste prior to feeding the waste to the reactor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ATTACHED DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0020] In the drawings:

[0021] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the reactor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0023] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of the reactor with the following designators:

[0024] 1—reactor body with inner cavity;

[0025] 2—input opening;

[0026] 3—output opening;

[0027] 4—inner surface of reactor cavity;

[0028] 5—conductive portions of inner surface of reactor cavity;

[0029] 6—tipped electrode;

[0030] 7—isolating members;

[0031] 8—source of high-voltage pulses;

[0032] 9—electrode tip;

[0033] 10—conductive bottom of reactor;

[0034] 11—device for dosed loading waste to be treated;

[0035] 12—electrostatic filter with extraction air fan providing depression at reactor output.

[0036] The invention may be implemented in a reactor having a body. The reactor body has an input orifice 2 connected to an apparatus 11 for metered feed of solid and/or liquid waste to be processed. The apparatus 11 is configured to limit amount of air that is let into the reactor. The reactor body has an output orifice 3 intended for removing gaseous destruction products and connected to an electrostatic filter with a sucking air blower. Portions 5 of the body cavity inner surface and a bottom 10 are made of steel. An electrode 6 is inserted into the cavity of the body 1 through an isolating spacer 7. The electrode 6 is connected to a source 8 of high-voltage pulses. A tip 9 of the electrode 6 is located with a gap of 20 mm relative to the conductive bottom 10 of the reactor body 1.

[0037] The device is operated in the following way. High-voltage pulses are fed to the electrode 6 from the source 8. As known from [1], each pulse causes a large number of streamers in the neighborhood of the tip 9 of the electrode 6. The streamers multiply and spread towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1, gradually populating the inter-electrode gap and forming corona discharge. After that, for example, a portion of pressed solid residential waste is fed into the device from the apparatus 11 for metered feed of waste to be processed via the input orifice 2, so intake of atmospheric air into the body 1 via the input orifice 2 is limited. Corona discharge plasma acts on water contained in input waste causing generation of free radicals upon disruption of water molecule H.sub.2O.fwdarw.OH⋅+H⋅. Additionally, streamers of pulse corona discharge cause formation of other active substances, namely O.sub.3, O.sub.2(a.sup.1Δ), H.sub.2O.sub.2, OH, O(.sup.3P), NO, HNO.sub.2 and HNO.sub.3 in the reactor. Corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The active substances and UV radiation provide a disruptive impact upon any organic and inorganic substances contained in waste to be processed, thus assuring disintegration thereof with formation of harmless gaseous products, namely water and carbon dioxide. Inorganic content of waste is disrupted by acids HNO.sub.2 and HNO.sub.3 formed in the reactor due to the corona discharge. Oxidation process in water for organic substances is a chain reaction [2]. A low rate chain reaction may be initiated by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. A high rate chain reaction is initiated by OH⋅ radicals. In other words, plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganic substances contained in waste is provided in the device. Gaseous destruction products flow into the output orifice of the reactor.

[0038] Thus, the indicated technical effect is obtained by the device owing to plasma-chemical destruction of both organic and inorganic substances contained in residential waste.

[0039] Having thus described a preferred embodiment, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that certain advantages of the described method and apparatus have been achieved.

[0040] It should also be appreciated that various modifications, adaptations, and alternative embodiments thereof may be made within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention is further defined by the following claims.

REFERENCES

[0041] [1] Aristova N. A., Piskarev I. M., Ivanovskiy A. V., Selemir V. D., Spirov G. M., Shlepkin S. I., Initiation of chemical reactions by electrical discharge in dielectric-gas-liquid configuration. // Physical Chemistry Journal, 2004, Vol. 78, #7, pages 1326-1331.)

[0042] [2] Piskarev I. M., Oxidation-reduction processes in water initiated by electrical discharge above water surface. //General Chemistry Journal, 2001, Vol. 71, Issue 10, page 1622.