Vertical Axis Turbine with Augmented Guided Vane for Marine Applications

Abstract

A turbine with a vertical axis (Savonius type) with S shape blade is conducted in this design after a modification in the design of the blade (SSWT). An enclosure guiding plate is attached to the rotor and fixed through the whole of the blade in the middle of it. It is stacked to the blade and rotates as one unit with the blade. This configuration doesn't need special installation as a guiding plate. This guiding plate is made with 11% of the blade diameter and makes an angle 30° with the blade surface. This guiding plate is made on one side of the blade's surface on every face. The tip of the guiding plate is toward the pressure side of the advanced side. SSWTs are originally considered very promising, before being superseded by the present horizontal-axis turbines. For various reasons, there is now a resurgence of interest in SSWTs, in particular, Savonius turbines with S shape blades (SSWT). Since SSWTs show many specific advantages (compact design, easier connection to gears/generator, easier blade control if needed. This design increases the total efficiency of the turbine to be more than 21% for the water stream energies extracted than other designs.

Claims

1. Guiding plates are inserted throughout the cord of the S rotor blade with end plates and the connector shaft. The angles of the guiding plates with the surface of the blade are 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°. Their widths are 11% of the blade diameter. The conventional guiding vanes are typically installed external to the rotor as separated from the blade, which made it difficult to implement, as it has complex structure and a huge installation in size. The proposed design eliminates these complexities and offer improved performance.

2. As part of claim-1 wherein the guiding plate is designed to be as one unit with the rotating blade of the turbine, which offers a compact size and simplified manufacturing. The main advantage of this guiding plate is that it rotates with the blade and orienting the fluid stream to the advanced side of the blade during the rotation. Therefore, increasing the mass of the fluid to the advancing side of the blade, which increases the flow rate and output power.

3. As part of claim-2 wherein the guiding plate of 11% of blade width and 30° angle from the blade surface increases the efficiency of 50% more than the S shape turbine and 75% more than the conventional Savonius one.

4. As part of claim-1 wherein the connector shaft is implemented at the endplates on both sides to connect directly to the shaft of the electric generator. This position of the shaft increases the output power because there are no vortices formed on it from the fluid flow.

5. The S shape blade turbine is born from the Savonius turbine (drag turbine) after optimizing the blade shape geometry. This design contains an advanced side and a return side according to the direction of fluid flow, the S-shape reversed blade is that only a component of this concentrated force acts in a direction opposing rotor rotation. This gives preference to the S shape blade to capture more power than a regular Savonius turbine. This enhancement in power is due to the increased lifting force on the blade with highly negative pressure. The S shape blade is connected to end plates on both sides of the upper and lower sides. The end plates are in a disk shape with a diameter equal to 1.25 diameter of the S shape blade of the turbine. Moreover, the separation of flow is decreased because of that, there are no gaps in this design due to no shaft through the chord of the blade. Where the flow is moving smoothly. This means the turbine gets as much as possible from the fluid energy with low losses. Guiding vane plates are inserted throughout the chord of the S shape blade of the turbine. The innovatory of the guided vane plate is being a part of the blade and not separate like other designs. The guided vane plate is designed to be fabricated directly with the Shape blade at the same time; this is because it is a part of it.

6. As part of claim-1, the shaft connecting the S shape blade to the generator or gearbox is implemented on the surface of the end plates on both sides. This is designed instead of being in the blade's center through the whole chord as usual design. Thence, the guided vane palate is implemented instead of this blade shaft through the whole chord of the blade.

7. As part of claim-2 wherein the outer connector shaft of the blade is implemented at the endplates on both sides to connect directly to the electric generator. This position of the connector outer shafts increases the output power because there are no vortices formed on it from the fluid flow.

8. As part of claim 1 the guiding vane plate is designed and implemented with the S shape blade through the chord with an angle of 30° with the horizontal line of the S shape blade surface. This angle is measured from the surface line of the blade, which is the optimum one to enforce the fluid flow to be directed into the S shape blade surface smoothly, not outside it or concentric in one spot. This will increase the contact area between the fluid flow and the blade with the increase in the mass flow rate captured.

9. As part of claim-4, the width of the guided vane plate is 11% of the S shape blade diameter. This ratio is the most acceptable value to be manufactured with the S shape blade without any complication. Otherwise, it can be manufactured separately and then set up on the chord of the blade. This width ratio is optimum with an angle of 30° for the guide vane plate, it is directed the fluid to the blade with a very smooth flow without separation or away from the S shape blade surface.

10. As part of claim-4 wherein the guiding vane plate is designed to be as one unit with the rotating blade of the turbine, which offers a compact size and simplified manufacturing. The main advantage of this guiding plate is that it rotates with the blade and orients the fluid stream to the advanced side of the blade during the rotation. Therefore, increasing the mass of the fluid to the advancing side of the blade increases the flow rate and output power.

11. As part of claim-4, wherein the guiding vane plate of 11% of blade width and 30° angle from the S shape blade surface increases the efficiency by 50% more than the S shape blade turbine and 75% more than the regular Savonius turbine one.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, concerning the accompanying drawings as follow:

[0039] FIG. 1 is the isometric of the SSWT Design with Fluid Flow path.

[0040] FIG. 2 is the isometric Sections for FIG. 1 for the SSWT design with Fluid Flow path.

[0041] FIG. 3 shows the 2D Item Components for SSWT.

[0042] FIG. 4 describes a full Detailed Design of SSWT.

[0043] FIG. 5 to 6 depict the simulations of the invention design of S shape blade with 30° and 11% width with other blade designs, with comparison in the torque and power coefficients.

[0044] FIG. 7 to FIG. 16 show the pressure and velocity profiles for all designs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The full engineering design detail can be illustrated in a group of drawings as follows:

[0046] FIG. 1 is the isometric view as 3D of the turbine SSWT (S shape water turbine) of the fluid flow streaming lines and how they can redirect the fluid to the advanced side of the rotor blade. The SSWT is conducted by 10 parts as follow: [0047] Part (1) Upper Shaft Output Connection. The upper connector shaft is implemented at the end plates disk in the upper one to connect directly to the electric generator or gearbox [0048] Part (2) Lower Shaft Output Connection is needed to connect to the base bearing for fixation and smooth rotation with less noise in motion. [0049] Parts (3, and 4) Upper and lower End Plates. They guide and concentrate the fluid flow to the core of the S shape blade directly to the advanced side by flowing the fluid to the guiding vane plate to increase the pressure difference on blade sides. [0050] Parts (5, and 6) Shaft bases for the connecting between upper and lower output shafts with endplates and reinforce shafts during rotation and fixation. [0051] Part (7) Guiding Plat. It is designed to redirect and center the fluid flow into the advanced blade side in the S shape blade turbine. One of the major things that the guided vane is the Reinforcement of the rotor in the center to withstand more forces and torques. The redirected fluid is coming from the tip of the guided vane and forcing the fluid to make 2 things: [0052] 1. Focusing the fluid flow to one side of the rotor blade (advanced side). [0053] 2. Increases the incident fluid's velocity, which increases the torque output. [0054] Part (8) is the rotating blade in the form of S shape. [0055] Part (9) is the advanced side of the S shape blade, which is responsible to capture the fluid flow coming from to make the torque needed for the power output. This side has a high-pressure zone in the turbine. [0056] 3. Part (10) is the return side of the S shape blade. This part of the blade has the minimum value of pressure and assists the blade to rotate. In our innovative part, this side has the min. pressure because most of the fluid flow income is directed by the guide vane plate to the advanced side.

[0057] FIG. 2 is the sectional of the isometric design to clear the S shape blade profile and the fluid flow paths and how the orientation of the streaming lines are changed. The sections are taken in the z and y direction of the isometric drawing respectively. The guided vane is clearer in this figure how it is designed to be on one side of the blade and its tip is directed to the advanced side of the rotor blade.

[0058] FIGS. 3 and 4 are showing the full engineering design of the SSWT turbine with detail.

[0059] FIG. 5 is the result of torque coefficient output from the 2D simulation of the SSWT at water speed 0.5 m/s with different in guide vane angles (20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°).

[0060] FIG. 6 is the output power coefficient comparison the five angles of SSWT with other turbines. It is clear how the SSWT is more efficient than the other 2 turbines especially with guide vane 30°. The SSWT turbine with 30° has power coefficient with 51% increase than other two turbines of Kamoji and S turbine.

[0061] FIGS. 7-11 show the pressure value with 1.55×10.sup.2 on the advanced side of the blade in 30° turbine compared to 7.8×10.sup.1, 1.13×10.sup.1, 6.06×10.sup.1, and 3.05×10.sup.1 for 20°, 25°, 35°, and 40° respectively.

[0062] FIGS. 12-16 indicate the velocity contour between all design, which shows that the velocity on the advanced side in 30° turbine less than other designs by 7 times.