TOWER CRANE

Abstract

The invention relates to a tower crane having a tower which carries a jib, from which a hoisting cable runs off, wherein a guying system is provided and runs, at least in part, along the tower and is spread out, by means of guy supports, in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane, this plane running through the tower and the jib, wherein at least one pair of guy supports which are spread out in a V-shaped manner are articulated on the tower, between the lower end of the latter and the jib.

Claims

1. A tower crane comprises: a tower which carries a jib, from which a hoisting cable runs off, a guying system, wherein the guying system runs, at least in part, along the tower and is spread out by guy supports transverse to a longitudinal center plane of the crane, wherein the longitudinal center plane runs through the tower and the jib, wherein at least one pair of the guy supports are spread out in a V-shaped manner and are articulated on the tower between the lower end of the latter and the jib.

2. The tower crane of claim 1, wherein two or more pairs of the guy supports which are spread out in a V-shaped manner are articulated on the tower in a distributed manner along the tower and project rearwardly from the tower in a lying position toward the rear side facing away from the jib.

3. The tower crane of claim 1, wherein at least one pair of spread out guy supports is articulated on an upper jib articulation part of the tower on which the jib is articulated, and wherein at least another pair of guy supports is articulated on an intermediate tower portion between a lower tower end portion and the jib articulation part.

4. The tower crane of claim 3, wherein the at least another pair of guy supports is articulated on the tower in a lower third of the tower.

5. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners guided along the tower in a bracing plane extending upright and perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane of the crane and arranged at a distance from the tower on a tower rear side facing away from the jib.

6. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners that run substantially straight past the at least one pair of guy supports which are spread out in a V-shaped manner and which are articulated on the tower between the lower end of the latter and the jib, or have a bend angle on said at least one pair of guy supports in the range of 160° to 180°.

7. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners that are articulated with the lower ends of the bracing tensioners on a revolving and/or supporting platform supporting the tower, and wherein first articulation points are arranged on the revolving and/or supporting platform substantially vertically below second articulation points of the guy supports for the bracing tensioners.

8. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising an adjustment apparatus for variably adjusting and determining a spread angle β of the at least one pair of guy supports articulated on the tower.

9. The tower crane of claim 8, wherein the adjustment apparatus comprises a spreading drive comprising a hydraulic cylinder or a spindle drive for motorized spreading out of the guy supports.

10. The tower crane of claim 9, wherein the adjustment apparatus has an adjustment area for the spread angle β in the range of 2 times 10° to 2 times 60°.

11. The tower crane of claim 9, wherein the adjustment apparatus has an adjustment area for the spread angle β in the range of 2 times 15° to 2 times 30°.

12. The tower crane of claim 7, wherein the adjustment apparatus has an adjustment area for the spread angle β in the range of 2 times 10° to 2 times 60°.

13. The tower crane of claim 7, wherein the adjustment apparatus has an adjustment area for the spread angle β in the range of 2 times 15° to 2 times 30°.

14. A tower crane of claim 1, comprising an adjustment apparatus for adjusting and variably determining a length of the guy supports, wherein the guy supports are telescopic.

15. The tower crane of claim 1, wherein the guying system is led beyond the interface between the tower and the jib in a spatially spread-out manner and is spatially spread out both along the tower and along the jib in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane.

16. The tower crane of claim 1, wherein the tower is configured to be tiltable and/or telescopic and/or the jib is foldable against the tower.

17. A mobile truck crane comprising: the tower crane of claim 16, an undercarriage suitable for road transport, wherein the tower and the jib are erectably mounted on the undercarriage.

18. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners that have a distance from each other along the tower in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane which is greater than a width of the tower transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane, wherein the distance of the bracing tensioners from each other along the tower is from 125% to 500% of the width of the tower transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane.

19. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners that have a distance from each other along the tower in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane which is greater than a width of the tower transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane, wherein the distance of the bracing tensioners from each other along the tower is from 150% to 300% of the width of the tower transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane.

20. The tower crane of claim 1, further comprising bracing tensioners that run substantially parallel to each other along the tower.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a preferred exemplary embodiment and the corresponding drawings. The drawings show:

[0032] FIG. 1 a side view of a tower crane with a guying system bracing the tower and the jib;

[0033] FIG. 2 a rear view of the tower crane of FIG. 1 showing the spreading out of the guying system in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane and the effective lever arm of the bracing tension means along the tower transverse to the longitudinal center plane of the crane; and

[0034] FIG. 3 a top view of the tower crane showing the spatial run through of the bracing tension means along the jib and tower.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] As shown in the figures, the tower crane 1 includes a tower 2 that is upright in operation and supports a jib 3 that is articulated on an upper end portion of the tower 2 and projecting from the tower 2.

[0036] A hoisting cable 4 runs from the jib 3 in order to be able to raise and lower a load handling device such as a load hook. Said hoisting cable 4 can run from a trolley 5, which can be moved along the jib 3 by a trolley drive. Alternatively, however, it would also be possible to allow the hoisting cable 4 to run off a jib tip, in particular if the jib 3 can be luffed up, although a trolley 5 can also be provided if the jib 3 can be luffed up. The jib 3 can be oriented in a lying position in at least one operating position.

[0037] The tower 2 is mounted on a revolving and/or supporting platform 6 that can be rotated about an upright axis of rotation by a slewing gear, so that the entire crane can be rotated about the upright axis of rotation, which may be coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the tower. As an alternative to such a bottom-slewer, however, the tower crane 1 can also be configured as a top-slewer, in which case the jib 3 is mounted on the tower 2 so as to rotate about the upright axis. The guying system 7, which is still to be described, can be articulated on the overhead revolving platform for the jib in such a top rotator.

[0038] As the figures show, the tower 2 and the jib 3 are braced by a guying system 7 comprising bracing tension means 8 running along the jib 3 and along the tower 2, which may be configured in the form of guy ropes, guy rods or, as the case may be, guy chains or even mixed forms thereof.

[0039] As shown in the figures, the bracing tension means 8 may have one or more articulation points on the jib 3, for example articulated in an outer half or third of the jib 3 to extend above the back of the jib 3 back toward the tower 2.

[0040] The bracing tension means 8 can in this respect be braced by one or more guy supports 9 on the jib 3, for example by means of a guy support between the outer attachment point of the bracing tension means 8 and the tower 2 and a further guy support 9 in the area of the jib articulation piece with which the jib 3 is articulated on the tower 2.

[0041] Advantageously, said guy supports 9 are configured in the form of spatial spread out guy frames or in the form of pairs of guy supports spread out in a V-shaped manner so that the bracing tension means 8 are guided over the jib 3 in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the tower crane 1, which runs through its tower 2 and its jib 3, spaced apart from each other. In this respect, the guy supports 9 can be spread out to such an extent that the bracing tension means 8 are spaced further apart above the jib 3, at least in sections, than the jib 3 is wide. In particular in the area of the inner half or an inner third of the jib 3, i.e. the half or the third closer to the tower 2, the distance of the bracing tension means 8 from each other may be greater than the transverse extension of the jib 3 in a direction transverse to said longitudinal center plane 10.

[0042] The said guy supports 9 on the jib 3 may be spread out in an upward V-shaped manner, for example at an angle of 2 times 10° to 2 times 60° or 2 times 15° to 2 times 40° or 2 times 10° to 2 times 20°. In this respect, the guy supports 9 are inclined symmetrically to the longitudinal center plane 10.

[0043] The guying system 7 also comprises bracing tension means 11 running through the tower 2 from top to bottom, which are supported on the tower 2 by means of guy supports 12. As FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show, the bracing tension means 11 are also spread out or spaced apart along the tower 2 both along the longitudinal center plane 10 of the tower crane 1 in order to be able to absorb both transverse forces transverse to the longitudinal center plane 10 and longitudinal forces in the longitudinal center plane 10.

[0044] In this respect, the bracing tension means 11 are supported on the tower 2 by means of several pairs of guy supports 12 in order to be able to transmit tensile and/or compressive forces between the tower 2 and the bracing tension means 11.

[0045] In this respect, the pairs of guy supports 12 are spread out in a V-shaped manner and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal center plane 10, with the guy supports 12 extending to the rear side of the tower 2 facing away from the jib 3.

[0046] As FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show, the spread angle β of the guy supports 12 may be such that the distance of the bracing tension means 11 from each other or in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane 10 is greater than the transverse extent of the tower transverse to said longitudinal center plane 10. The guy supports 12 may be spread out in a V-shaped manner rearwardly from the tower 2, for example at an angle β of 2 times 10° to 2 times 60°, or 2 times 15° to 2 times 40°, or 2 times 10° to 2 times 20°.

[0047] In FIG. 2, the distance of the bracing tension means 11 from the longitudinal center plane 10 is denoted by the dimension X_2, which indicates the effective lever arm of the bracing tension means 11 with respect to the longitudinal center plane or is a measure of the guying system of transverse loads. The spacing X_2 of the bracing tension means transverse to the longitudinal center plane 10 may vary and be, for example, in the range of 60% to 500% or 75% to 300% or 100% to 200% of the width 13 of the tower 2, i.e., its extension in a direction transverse to the longitudinal center plane 10.

[0048] However, depending on how wide the tower 2 is configured, the spacing of the bracing tension means 11 from the longitudinal center plane 10 may be in other ranges. Advantageously, the spacing can be selected at least so large that the bracing tension means 11 span a larger bracing width than the tower 2 is wide. For example, the bracing tension means 11 can span a bracing width of 2 times X_2 in the area of the tower 2, which is approximately twice the width of the tower 2 when the crane 1 is viewed from its rear side in accordance with FIG. 2.

[0049] As FIG. 1 shows, the bracing tension means 11 may run through along the tower 2 in a bracing plane 14 extending upright and perpendicular to the longitudinal center plane 10, said bracing plane 14 advantageously being at least approximately vertical in orientation.

[0050] In this respect, the bracing plane 14 is arranged at a distance from the tower 2 on its rear side, i.e. opposite the jib 3, so that the bracing tension means 11 can also transfer loads in the longitudinal center plane 10 and brace the tower against vertical loads.

[0051] As FIG. 3 shows, the spread angle β realized by the guy supports 12 articulated on the tower 2 can be in the range of 2 times 5° to 2 times 60° or 2 times 10° to 2 times 50° or 2 times 15° to 2 times 40°, said spread angle β being defined by the connecting straight lines passing on the one hand through the articulation points of the bracing tension means 11 to the guy supports 12 and on the other hand through the articulation points of the guy supports 12 to the tower 2.

[0052] Advantageously, the guy supports 12 can be variably adjustable with regard to the spread angle β, whereby an adjustment apparatus 15 can comprise, for example, a hydraulic cylinder or a spindle drive which is arranged between the guy supports 12 belonging together in pairs and acts on the two guy supports 12 in order to spread them further apart or spread them open less. This spreading out of the guy supports 12 is shown in FIG. 2, where the course of the bracing tension means 11 when the guy supports 12 are spread out further is shown by the dashed lines, while the solid lines show the course of the bracing tension means when they are spread out less.

[0053] Alternatively or in addition to an adjustability of the spread angle β, the guy supports 12 can also be configured to be variable in length, for example telescopic, and as the case may be have a telescoping drive in order to be able to variably adjust the run through of the spatial guying system 7 along the tower 2 also by changing the length of the guy supports 12.

[0054] The adjustability of the run through of the spatial guying system 7 along the tower 2 allows the guying system to be adapted to the conditions of use. If the crane is used in strong crosswind conditions, for example, the bracing tension means 11 along the tower 2 and/or along the jib 3 can be spaced further apart from each other by spreading out the guy supports and/or the guy supports 9 more or by extending the guy supports in order to have a greater lever arm effect with respect to transverse forces or transverse loads on the crane structure or to be able to brace stronger transverse loads. However, if the crane is used when there is no wind and/or is subjected to very high loads that require maximum guying in the longitudinal center plane 10, it may be advantageous to move the guy supports 12 further together or to move the bracing tension means 11 and/or the bracing tension means 8 less in a direction transverse to each other.

[0055] As the figures show, the bracing tension means 11 run approximately straight past the lower guy supports 12, which may be provided in the lower third of the tower 2, or they are bent only slightly depending on the angle of spread of the guy supports 12. In particular, the articulation points of the bracing tension means 11 on the revolving and/or supporting platform can be set substantially perpendicularly below the articulation points of the guy supports 12 for the bracing tension means 11, so that the bracing tension means 11 run substantially straight or perpendicularly downward from the guy supports 12 to the revolving and/or supporting platform 6.

[0056] As FIG. 1 illustrates, the guying system 7 is led beyond spatially across the interface between the tower 2 and the jib 3. Bracing tension means 16 can connect the bracing tension means 11 running along the tower 2 to the bracing tension means 8 running above the jib 3 and/or can run through from the articulation points of the upper tower bracing supports 12 to the articulation points of inner jib bracing supports 9 or connect them to each other.