Glazing comprising a functional coating and an absorbing coating having a colorimetric adjustment

Abstract

A material includes one or more transparent substrates including two main faces, wherein one of the faces of one of the substrates is coated with a functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation, and a face not coated with the functional coating of one of the substrates includes an absorbent color-adjustment coating including an absorbent layer which absorbs solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum.

Claims

1. A material comprising one or more transparent substrates, each transparent substrate comprising two main faces, wherein: one of the two main faces of one of the transparent substrates is coated with a functional coating which has an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation and comprises at least one silver-based metallic functional layer, each silver-based metallic functional layer being positioned between two dielectric coatings, and a main face of the one or more transparent substrates that is not coated with the functional coating has deposited thereupon an absorbent color-adjustment coating comprising, starting from the substrate: a lower dielectric coating, an absorbent layer which absorbs solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, and an upper dielectric coating, wherein the lower dielectric coating comprises a sequence of at least two dielectric layers, a variation in refractive index of which is greater than 0.2 and with the dielectric layer having the higher refractive index being located in direct contact with the substrate and having a refractive index greater than 2.10, wherein the absorbent layer has a first main face and a second main face that is opposite the first main face and each of the first main face and the second main face of the absorbent layer is in contact with a dielectric layer, wherein the functional coating and the absorbent color-adjustment coating are separated from each other by at least a gas-filled space, an interlayer or at least one transparent substrate, and wherein the absorbent layer is based on a metal, metalloid, nitride, or oxynitride of an element selected from the group consisting of palladium, niobium, tungsten, iron, titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, nickel, tantalum, zinc, tin and silicon, wherein the content of the element as a proportion of all metallic elements contained in the absorbent layer is at least 70%.

2. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer is a layer made of a material having an n/k ratio between 0 and 5, excluding these values, over at least 60% of the wavelength range of the visible region.

3. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light absorption due to the absorbent layer, measured on the glass side by depositing only the absorbent layer enclosed between two non-absorbent dielectric layers on ordinary clear glass of 4 mm to 6 mm thick, measured, is greater than 5%.

4. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer is chosen from a layer of nickel nitride, a layer of titanium nitride, a layer of niobium nitride or a layer based on silicon.

5. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorbent layer has a thickness of between 0.1 and 20 nm.

6. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorbent color-adjustment coating comprises, starting from the substrate: the lower dielectric coating, the absorbent layer, an intermediate dielectric coating, a second absorbent layer, an upper dielectric coating.

7. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refractive index is greater than 2.20.

8. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower dielectric coating comprises a sequence of at least two dielectric layers, including: a low-index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.75, and a high-index layer having a refractive index of greater than 2.10.

9. The material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the upper or intermediate dielectric coating comprises a high-index layer having a refractive index of greater than 1.85 and/or a low-index layer having a refractive index of less than 1.75.

10. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent substrate coated with the functional coating is made of glass or of a polymeric organic substance.

11. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the absorbent color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1 and the functional coating which has an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation is positioned on face 2.

12. The material as claimed in claim 1, comprising at least two color-adjustment coatings comprising an absorbent layer, each located on different faces of one of the substrates, excluding the face(s) coated with the functional coating.

13. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer having the higher refractive index is titanium oxide or a mixed oxide of titanium and another component selected from the group consisting of Zn, Zr and Sn, or zirconium oxide or niobium oxide or a mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium, or a mixed nitride of silicon, zirconium and aluminum.

14. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the functional coating which has an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation and comprises at least one silver layer, and the absorbent color-adjustment coating and the functional coating are located on opposing surfaces of the same transparent substrate.

15. The material as claimed in claim 14, wherein the dielectric layer having the higher refractive index is titanium oxide or a mixed oxide of titanium and another component selected from the group consisting of Zn, Zr and Sn, or zirconium oxide or niobium oxide or a mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium, or a mixed nitride of silicon, zirconium and aluminum.

16. A glazing comprising a material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the glazing is in the form of monolithic, laminated and/or multiple glazing.

17. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a multiple glazing, wherein when the material is fitted in a double glazing with the functional coating positioned on face 2, the double glazing has: a light transmission of between 40% and 60%, values of a* and b* in external reflection of between −5 and +5, values of a* and b* in internal reflection of between −5 and +5, values of a* and b* in transmission of between −5 and +5.

18. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a multiple glazing, wherein when the material is fitted in a double glazing with the functional coating positioned on face 2, the double glazing has: values of a* in external reflection of between −10 and −3, values of b* in external reflection of between −20 and −10.

19. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a multiple glazing, wherein when the material is fitted in a double glazing with the functional coating positioned on face 2, the double glazing has values of a* and b* in external reflection of between 5 and 20.

20. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a multiple glazing, the glazing comprising said material and at least one additional substrate, wherein the material and the additional substrate are separated by at least one intermediate gas-filled space.

21. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a laminated glazing, the glazing comprising said material and at least one additional substrate, the material and the at least one additional substrate are separated by at least one lamination interlayer.

22. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a laminated and multiple glazing, the glazing comprising said material and at least two additional substrates corresponding to a second substrate and a third substrate, the material and the third substrate are separated by at least one intermediate gas-filled space, and wherein the material and the second substrate or the second substrate and the third substrate, are separated by at least one lamination interlayer.

23. The glazing as claimed in claim 16, wherein the glazing is a multiple and/or multiple laminated glazing, and wherein the absorbent color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1 and the functional coating which can have an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation is positioned on face 2 or 3.

24. A material, comprising: a transparent substrate comprising two main faces, of which one of the two main faces of the substrate is coated with a functional coating which has an effect on solar radiation and/or infrared radiation and comprises at least one silver-based metallic functional layer, each silver-based metallic functional layer being positioned between two dielectric coatings, and an additional transparent substrate comprising at least two main faces, wherein: at least one main face (a) of the transparent substrate, which at least one main face is not coated with the functional coating, or (b) of the additional transparent substrate, comprises an absorbent color-adjustment coating comprising, starting from said transparent substrate or said additional transparent substrate: a lower dielectric coating, an absorbent layer which absorbs solar radiation in the visible part of the spectrum, an upper dielectric coating, wherein the lower dielectric coating comprises a sequence of at least two dielectric layers, a variation in refractive index of which is greater than 0.2 and with the dielectric layer having the higher refractive index being located in direct contact with the substrate and having a refractive index greater than 2.10, and wherein the absorbent layer has a first main face and a second main face that is opposite the first main face and each of the first main face and the second main face of the absorbent layer is in contact with a dielectric layer, said at least one main face is chosen from: the other main face of the two main faces of the transparent substrate coated with the functional coating, or one of the two main faces of the additional transparent substrate such that the functional coating and the absorbent color-adjustment coating are separated from each other by at least a gas-filled space, an interlayer or at least one transparent substrate, wherein the absorbent layer is based on a metal, metalloid, nitride, or oxynitride of an element selected from the group consisting of palladium, niobium, tungsten, iron, titanium, molybdenum, zirconium, nickel, tantalum, zinc, tin and silicon, wherein the content of the element as a proportion of all metallic elements contained in the absorbent layer is at least 70%.

25. The material as claimed in claim 24, wherein the dielectric layer having the higher refractive index is titanium oxide or a mixed oxide of titanium and another component selected from the group consisting of Zn, Zr and Sn, or zirconium oxide or niobium oxide or a mixed nitride of silicon and zirconium, or a mixed nitride of silicon, zirconium and aluminum.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) I. Nature of the Layers and Coatings

(2) Functional coatings defined below are deposited on substrates made of clear soda-lime glass with a thickness of 4 mm.

(3) Functional metallic layers (FL) are layers of silver (Ag). The blocking layers are metallic layers made of alloy of nickel and of chromium (NiCr). Dielectric coatings of the functional coatings comprise barrier layers and stabilizing layers. The barrier layers are based on silicon nitride, doped with aluminum (Si.sub.3N.sub.4:Al) or based on mixed zinc tin oxide (SnZnOx). The stabilizing layers are made of zinc oxide (ZnO). The protective layers are made of titanium oxide (TiOx).

(4) The absorbent layers of the absorbent color-adjustment coatings tested are metallic layers of nickel and chromium, metallic layers of tin and zinc, layers of zinc tin nitride, layers of niobium nitride, layers of titanium nitride.

(5) The dielectric layers of the absorbent color-adjustment coatings comprise: layers of silicon oxide corresponding to low-index layers, layers of titanium oxide and layers of silicon nitride corresponding to high-index layers.

(6) The conditions for deposition of the layers, which were deposited by sputtering (“magnetron cathode” sputtering), are summarized in table 1.

(7) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Deposition Target employed pressure Gas Si.sub.3N.sub.4 Si:Al at 92:8% by 3.2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 55% Ar/(Ar + weight N.sub.2) ZnO Zn:Al at 98:2% by 1.8 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 63% Ar/(Ar + weight O.sub.2) SnZnOx Sn:Zn (60:40% by wt) 1.5 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 39% Ar/(Ar + O.sub.2) TiO2 Ti 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 94% O2 NiCr Ni (80 at. %):Cr 2-3 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 100% Ar (20 at. %) Ag Ag 3 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 100% Ar SiO2 Si 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 48% Ar NbN Nb 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar 60% Ar SnZnN Sn:Zn (60:40% by wt) 1.5 × 10.sup.−3 mbar N2/(Ar + N2):10%-80% TiN Ti 2 × 10.sup.−3 mbar N2/(Ar + N2):10%-80% NiCrN Ni (80 at. %):Cr 2-3 × 10.sup.−3 mbar N2/(Ar + (20 at. %) N2):10%-80% At. = atomic
II. Absorbent Color-Adjustment Coatings

(8) Table 2 below summarizes the characteristics linked to the thicknesses of the absorbent layers and of the dielectric layers constituting the dielectric coatings of the absorbent color-adjustment coatings.

(9) The thicknesses of the absorbent layers and of the dielectric layers are physical thicknesses.

(10) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Nature CN1 CN2 CN3 CN4 CB1 CBr1 CN5 CN6 CN7 CN8 UDC Si.sub.3N.sub.4 — 29.5 29   — — — — — — 10   SiO.sub.2 48.8 — — 19.1 23.8 46   — — — — TiO.sub.2 — — — — — — 24.0 15.3 82.3  — AL 1 SnZnN —  1.7 — — — — — — — — NbN  1.5 — —  8.4  4.8 — —  1.7 2.0 11.5 NiCrN — — 3.7 — — — — — — — TiN — — — — — 13.4  7.3 — — — IntDC SiO.sub.2 — — — — — — — — — 57.4 AL 2 TiN — — — — — — — — — 27.8 Si.sub.3N.sub.4 —  9.5 — — 13.9 — — — 6.4 — LDC SiO.sub.2 37.9 22.8 10.6  — 10.3 — 26.7 45   — 5  TiO.sub.2 — — 9.2 — 23.1 — — 18.2 — — SiO.sub.2 — — — — 30   — — — — — TiO.sub.2 — — — — 30   86.7 22.2 — — — Si.sub.3N.sub.4 25.5 17.9 — 17.3 — — — — — — SUB PLC 4  4  4   4  4  4  4  4  4   4  UDC = upper dielectric coating; AL = absorbent layer; IntDC = Intermediate dielectric coating; LDC = Lower dielectric coating; SUB = Substrate
III. Functional Coatings

(11) Functional coatings conferring solar control properties were deposited by virtue of a magnetic-field-assisted (magnetron) cathode sputtering device.

(12) The first functional coating, referred to hereinbelow as FC1, is an Ag bilayer, successively comprises, starting from the substrate, an alternation of two silver layers (metallic functional layers) and of three dielectric coatings, each dielectric coating comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that each metallic functional layer is positioned between two dielectric coatings. The total thickness of this functional coating is between 150 and 200 nm.

(13) The second functional coating, referred to hereinbelow as FC2, is an Ag bilayer, comprises a stack successively comprising, starting from the substrate, an alternation of two silver layers and of three dielectric coatings, each dielectric coating comprising several dielectric layers, so that each silver layer is positioned between two dielectric coatings. The total thickness of this functional coating is between 150 and 200 nm.

(14) The third functional coating, referred to hereinbelow as FC3, is an Ag trilayer, successively comprises, starting from the substrate, an alternation of three silver layers (metallic functional layers) and of four dielectric coatings, each dielectric coating comprising at least one dielectric layer, so that each metallic functional layer is positioned between two dielectric coatings. The total thickness of this functional coating is between 200 and 250 nm.

(15) Table 3 below lists the main optical characteristics of materials comprising a transparent substrate, one of the faces of which is coated with one of the functional coatings FC1, FC2 or FC3 assembled in the form of double glazings with a 6/16/4 structure: 6 mm glass/16 mm interlayer space filled with 90% argon and 10% air/4 mm glass, the functional coating being positioned on face 2.

(16) IV. Configuration of the Double Glazings and Laminated Glazings

(17) The materials comprising a transparent substrate, of which one of the faces of the substrate is coated with a functional coating, were assembled in the form of double glazing or in the form of laminated glazing.

(18) The double glazings, hereafter “DGU” configuration, have a 6/16/4 structure: 6 mm glass/16 mm interlayer space filled with 90% argon and 10% air/4 mm glass, the functional coating being positioned on face 2. The absorbent color-adjustment coating of the invention when it is present is positioned on face 1 or on face 3.

(19) The laminated glazings, hereinafter “Lam” configuration, have a structure of first substrate/sheet(s)/second substrate type. The functional coating is positioned on face 2 and the absorbent color-adjustment coating is positioned on face 1 or 3.

(20) V. “Solar Control” and Colorimetry Performance

(21) Table 3 below lists the main optical characteristics of materials comprising a transparent substrate, one of the faces of which is coated with a functional coating, which materials are assembled in the form of multiple glazing or laminated glazing, and optionally an absorbent color-adjustment coating.

(22) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 CN FC Material Conf. Position Nature Position Nature LT % a*T b*T Rext % a*Rext b*Rext Rint % a*int b*int g s Ref. 1 DGU None Face 2 FC1 70 −4.5 3 13 −2.0 −9.5 15 1.0 −1.0 37 1.9 Ref. 2 DGU None Face 2 FC2 52 −10.5 −1.5 18 −3.0 −9.1 23 9.4 4.0 28 1.9 Ref. 3 DGU None Face 2 FC3 47 −8.5 1 16 −5 −9 18 −11 −10 21 2.2 Inv. 1 DGU Face 1 CN1 Face 2 FC1 60 −4.2 2.1 14 −0.8 −2.2 15 −0.2 1.3 34 1.8 Inv. 2 DGU Face 1 CN2 Face 2 FC1 52 −4 −0.4 18 −0.1 −2.3 18 −1.4 0.8 30 1.7 Inv. 3 DGU Face 1 CN3 Face 2 FC1 41 −3.3 0.8 19 −0.5 −2 19 −2.0 −0.9 24 1.7 Inv. 4 DGU Face 1 CN4 Face 2 FC1 32 −3.4 −0.4 25 0.29 −1.6 17 −0.8 −0.17 19 1.6 Inv. 5 DGU Face 1 CB1 Face 2 FC1 42 −3 2.3 21 −4 −15.8 16 −2.5 −2 25 1.7 Inv. 6 DGU Face 1 CBR1 Face 2 FC1 41 −6 3 18 13.5 16 17 1.9 2.85 23 1.8 Inv. 7 DGU Face 3 CN5 Face 2 FC1 53 −4.8 0.9 20 −2.7 −1.9 15 0 0.5 30 1.8 Inv. 8 Lam. Face 1 CN6 Face 2 FC1 55 −5.5 2.3 19.2 −3.6 0.2 15.1 0.8 −7.4 36 1.5 Inv. 9 Lam. Face 3 CN7 Face 2 FC1 53 −5.7 2.5 19.9 −4.5 −8.1 16.7 2.0 1.7 33.8 1.6 Inv. 10 DGU Face 1 CN8 Face 2 FC3 5 −6 0.4 19 −0.2 −1.5 20 −8.8 −7.4 5 1.0

(23) By comparing Inv.2 and Ref.1, it is observed that, starting from a functional coating with high LT (Ref. 1 with FC1), a glazing is obtained that has a light transmission and internal and external reflection that are close to those of a glazing having a medium LT (Ref. 2 with FC2) but with much more neutral colors.

(24) It is also possible by means of the invention to adjust the LT. Indeed, starting from a glazing comprising a functional coating with high LT (Ref. 1 with FC1), a range of glazing with no restriction of LT, for example between 60% and 30% (Inv. 1 to Inv. 4) is obtained while maintaining an excellent neutrality.

(25) It is also possible by means of the invention to adjust the reflection colors and to obtain, starting from a glazing comprising a functional coating with high LT (Ref. 1 with FC1), a whole range of glazing having any color, in particular blue, bronze or neutral, as can be seen in table 4.

(26) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Color in Mat. CN FL LT Rext a*Rext b*Rext reflection Inv. 3 CN3 FC1 41 19 −0.5 −2 Neutral Inv. 5 CB1 FC1 42 21 −4 −15.8 Blue Inv. 6 CBR1 FC1 41 18 13.5 16 Bronze

(27) The neutralization layer can be placed on any face of the glazing without a functional coating, such as for example face 1 (Inv. 1 to 6) or face 3 (Inv. 7).

(28) The material can be installed in DGU configuration (Inv. 1 to 7) or laminated configuration (Inv. 8 and Inv. 9) or any other configuration (triple glazing, laminated double glazing, etc.).

(29) The invention is not restricted to the use of stacks with high LT as functional coatings, nor to functional coatings with two silver layers. Inv. 10 shows for example the case of a glazing with very low LT (5%) obtained according to the invention using a functional coating with three silver layers of intermediate light transmission (50%).