Braking system for a vehicle

Abstract

A braking system for a vehicle that includes at least one vehicle wheel and a friction brake associated with the vehicle wheel. The friction brake acts during an operation state of the vehicle and/or while the vehicle is in a parked state. The braking system includes an additional mechanical locking device for the vehicle wheel. The mechanical locking device secures the vehicle wheel in a form-fitting manner when the vehicle is in the parked state to prevent the vehicle wheel from rolling.

Claims

1. A braking system for a vehicle having a vehicle wheel, comprising: a friction brake assigned to the vehicle wheel and configured to act during an operation state of the vehicle and/or while the vehicle is in a parked state; and a blocking element of the vehicle wheel, wherein the blocking element is configured to fix, in a form-fitting manner, the vehicle wheel during the parked state of the vehicle to prevent the vehicle wheel from rolling, wherein while the vehicle is in the operation state and the blocking element is pre-loaded and disengaged from a receptacle element, the braking system is configured to detect a change of the vehicle to a parked state; move the blocking element in a direction of the receptacle element; release the pre-load of the blocking element such that the blocking element is configured to engage the receptacle element; and adjust a position of the blocking element, while engaged in the receptacle element, from an initial position to a second position, wherein the receptacle element is configured to be positioned, the mass of the blocking element is configured to be adjusted, and the pre-load of a compensation spring is configured to be adjusted, wherein  the pre-load of the blocking element is configured to be released only upon reaching a critical rotating speed of the vehicle wheel,  the blocking element is configured to engage in the receptacle element only upon reaching this critical rotating speed, and  the position of the blocking element, while engaged in the receptacle element, is configured to be adjusted from an initial position to a second position.

2. The braking system according to claim 1, wherein the blocking element is further configured to engage a receptacle element connected in a rotationally-fixed manner to the vehicle wheel during the parked state of the vehicle.

3. The braking system according to claim 2, wherein the blocking element is a blocking catch, and the receptacle element is a ratchet wheel disposed coaxially with the wheel rotation axis and connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the vehicle wheel.

4. The braking system according to claim 2, wherein the blocking element is a pin, and the receptacle element is a bore on a perforated element comprising a plurality of bores and disposed coaxially with the rotation axis of the vehicle wheel and connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the vehicle wheel.

5. The braking system according to claim 2, wherein the receptacle element is disposed in a region of the wheel or an axle of the vehicle.

6. The braking system according to claim 2, wherein the receptacle element is integrated with a friction element of the friction brake.

7. The braking system according to claim 4, wherein the receptacle element is disposed on a brake disc of the friction brake of the vehicle.

8. The braking system according to claim 2, wherein the blocking element is fixed to the vehicle on a brake caliper or on a friction brake mount.

9. The braking system according to claim 2, further comprising: an installation for fixing the position of the blocking element, the installation generating a plurality of positions comprising: a first position wherein the blocking element engages in the receptacle element; and a second position wherein the blocking element is disengaged from the receptacle element.

10. The braking system according to claim 9, wherein the installation for fixing the position of the blocking element comprises one or more of: a spring element, a magnet, and/or a cable pull.

11. The braking system according to claim 9, wherein the installation for fixing the position of the blocking element activatable electrically, electro-hydraulically, hydraulically, magnetically, and/or mechanically.

12. The braking system according to claim 1, wherein the blocking element is configured to be moved by way of an electrical, mechanical, magnetic, electro-hydraulic, and/or hydraulic installation.

13. The braking system according to claim 1, wherein the blocking element is configured to be removed from the receptacle element and returned to the initial position while transitioning the vehicle from the parked state to the operation state.

14. The braking system according to claim 1, wherein the blocking element is: mechanically coupled to a parking brake of the vehicle, configured to be released in the direction of the receptacle element when activating the parking brake, and configured to be is returned to the initial position when deactivating the parking brake.

15. A method for operating a braking system for a vehicle having a vehicle wheel, the braking system comprising a friction brake assigned to the vehicle wheel and configured to act during an operation state of the vehicle and/or while the vehicle is in a parked state; and a blocking element of the vehicle wheel, wherein the blocking element is configured to fix, in a form-fitting manner, the vehicle wheel during the parked state of the vehicle to prevent the vehicle wheel from rolling, and the vehicle is in the operation state and the blocking element is pre-loaded and disengaged from a receptacle element, the method comprising: while detecting a change of the vehicle to a parked state: moving the blocking element in a direction of the receptacle element; and releasing the pre-load of the blocking element such that the blocking element engages the receptacle element and the position of the blocking element, while engaged in the receptacle element, is adjusted from an initial position to a second position, wherein the receptacle element is positioned, the mass of the blocking element is adjusted, and the pre-load of a compensation spring is adjusted, wherein the pre-load of the blocking element is released only upon reaching a critical rotating speed of the vehicle wheel, the blocking element engages in the receptacle element only upon reaching this critical rotating speed, and the position of the blocking element, while engaged in the receptacle element, is adjusted from an initial position to a second position.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the blocking element is moved by way of an electrical, mechanical, magnetic, electro-hydraulic, and/or hydraulic installation.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein while transitioning the vehicle from the parked state to the operation state, the blocking element is removed from the receptacle element and returned to the initial position.

18. The method according to claim 15, wherein the blocking element is mechanically coupled to a parking brake of the vehicle, the blocking element, when activating the parking brake, is released in the direction of the receptacle element, and the blocking element, when deactivating the parking brake, is returned to the initial position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of a disc brake of a braking system in an open, non-braked position according to the present subject matter.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a schematic front view of a disc brake of a braking system in an intermediate state between a braked and a non-braked situation according to the present subject matter.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a schematic front view of a disc brake of a braking system in a braked position according to the present subject matter.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a schematic lateral view of a disc brake of a braking system in an open, non-braked position according to the present subject matter.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a schematic lateral view of a disc brake of a braking system in an intermediate state between a braked and a non-braked position according to the present subject matter.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a schematic lateral view of a disc brake of a braking system in a braked position according to the present subject matter.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a schematic front view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

(8) FIG. 8 shows a schematic front view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

(9) FIG. 9 shows a schematic front view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

(10) FIG. 10 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

(11) FIG. 11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

(12) FIG. 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a drum brake of a vehicle according to the present subject matter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(13) FIG. 1 is a wheel brake of a vehicle, in particular a disc brake of a vehicle. The disc brake comprises a brake disc 1 and a disc chamber 3, the brake disc 1 and the disc chamber 3 during travel conjointly rotating with the vehicle wheel. This disc brake furthermore comprises a brake caliper 4 having brake pads which are not plotted and during an activation of the brake are pressed onto the brake disc 1, and braking by friction thus taking place. The braking system shown moreover comprises an additional mechanical locking device. This additional locking device fixes in a form-fitting manner the vehicle, or the wheel, respectively, in the parked state, wherein rolling away of the vehicle or of the wheel, respectively, is prevented. The locking of the vehicle wheel here is not caused by friction braking, as in the case of the disc brake, but by a form-fit.

(14) The locking device here comprises a blocking element fixed to the vehicle, which in this specific example from FIGS. 1-3, is configured as a blocking catch 5. In order to produce the form-fit mentioned of the locking device, the blocking element engages in a receptacle element which is disposed so as to be coaxial with the wheel rotation axis A and is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the vehicle wheel (for example so as to rotate in the direction of the arrow D). The receptacle element in the example from FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 represents a ratchet wheel 6. The form-fit is thus produced by the blocking catch 5 engaging in the ratchet wheel 6, wherein the wheel is locked, or a rotating movement (cf. arrow D) of the wheel is prevented.

(15) The mechanical locking device in FIG. 1 is shown in a non-active, or opened, respectively position, thus in such a manner that the blocking catch 5 does not engage in the ratchet wheel 6 and no form-fit is established. In order for this non-engaging setting, or position, respectively, (also referred to as the opened position) is maintained in particular during travel of the vehicle, it is furthermore provided that the mechanical locking device has a pre-load spring which is not plotted and is preferably disposed so as to be integrated in the actuator 2. The pre-load spring can alternatively also be configured as a magnet. In the initial situation, thus in the opened position (during the travel of the vehicle) it is preferably provided that the pre-load spring is pre-loaded in such a manner that the opened setting, or the opened position, respectively, of the locking device is actively retained. Force thus has to be actively applied in order for the blocking catch to be held in the opened position. The pre-load spring here is part of the above-mentioned installation for fixing the position, for example.

(16) When a change of the vehicle to a parked state is detected, it is provided that the pre-load of the pre-load spring is released and the blocking catch 5 is moved in the direction of the ratchet wheel 6. This movement here takes place by releasing the pre-load of the pre-load spring. The detection of the parked state of the vehicle here can take place by suitable parameters or sensor assemblies, respectively.

(17) It is furthermore preferably provided that the blocking catch 5 engages in the ratchet wheel 6 only upon reaching a maximum critical speed of the vehicle. For example, if the vehicle reaches a speed of below 3 miles per hour, the blocking catch 5 only then engages in the ratchet wheel 6. As a result, it can advantageously be avoided that the braking system is damaged by virtue of an excessive speed of the vehicle while the blocking catch 5 engages in the ratchet wheel 6. The delayed engagement of the blocking catch 5 in the ratchet wheel 6 only upon reaching the maximum critical speed of the vehicle can be adjusted by the pre-load of a compensation spring 7, or by the mass of the blocking catch 5, or by the design of the ratchet wheel 6 and the blocking catch 5, respectively. Until this maximum critical rotating speed is reached, it is provided that the blocking catch 5 is situated in an intermediate state. This intermediate state can be seen in FIG. 2. The blocking catch 5 herein remains in this intermediate position pre-loaded by the compensation spring 7 mentioned until the mentioned critical rotating speed of the wheel, or the critical speed of the vehicle, respectively, is reached. Upon reaching the critical rotating speed or the critical speed, respectively, the pre-load of the compensation spring 7 is released and the blocking catch 5 drops into the toothing of the ratchet wheel 6, as a result of which the form-fit mentioned is created.

(18) The braking system from FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 3, wherein the blocking catch 5 engages in the ratchet wheel 6 and the vehicle wheel is locked.

(19) The activation for releasing the pre-load of the pre-load spring can take place by the installation for fixing the position mentioned, for example hydraulically or electrically or manually or electro-hydraulically or magnetically, respectively. A suitable hydraulically or electrically or electro-hydraulically or manually or magnetically activatable device 2, or actuator assembly 2, respectively, can likewise be used for releasing the locked position of the blocking catch 5 for the latter to return to the initial position in which the blocking catch 5 does not engage in the ratchet wheel 6 and the pre-load of the pre-load spring is re-established.

(20) FIGS. 4-6 show a further exemplary embodiment of a braking system according to the invention. To be seen here is likewise a disc brake in a lateral view, the disc brake comprising a brake disc 1 and a disc chamber 3 which during travel conjointly rotate with the vehicle wheel. Furthermore, the disc brake likewise comprises a brake caliper 4.

(21) Instead of the blocking catch 5 and the ratchet wheel 6 embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the blocking element in this example is implemented by a pin 51 which is integrated in the brake caliper 4, and the receptacle device is implemented by a perforated element 61 which is integrated in the brake disc 1. The pin 51 here is disposed so as to be substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the wheel and in this direction (as can be seen in FIG. 5) engages in the perforated element 61.

(22) FIG. 4 here shows the braking system in the situation in which the pin 51 does not engage in the perforated element 61, wherein the engaging setting of the locking device is shown in FIG. 6. The intermediate position of the pin 51, already explained above, is schematically indicated in FIG. 5, wherein the pin 51 engages in the perforated element 61 by the pre-loaded compensation spring 7 only once reaching the maximum critical rotating speed mentioned of the wheel, or the critical speed of the vehicle, respectively.

(23) As has already been mentioned and can be seen in FIG. 4, the perforated element 61 here is integrated in the brake disc 1 in that a plurality of bores or holes, respectively, which extend across the circumference of the brake disc and in which the pin 51 can engage are provided, the wheel thus being mechanically locked by the form-fit mentioned. The pin 51 from FIG. 4 here is also held in the opened position by a pre-loaded pre-load spring. The pre-load is released in FIG. 6, and the pin 51 according to the method which has already been explained in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 engages in the perforated element 61. The exemplary embodiment from FIGS. 4-6 accordingly differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 only in terms of the design embodiment of the blocking element and of the receptacle element.

(24) FIGS. 7-9 schematically show a drum brake which, by way of a blocking catch 5 as the blocking element and a ratchet wheel 6 as the receptacle element, comprises the mechanical locking unit according to the invention. The configuration and functional mode of the mechanical locking device here is exactly the same as has already been described in the context of the other figures. The only difference in comparison to FIGS. 1-3 here is that the service brake system is a drum brake and not a disc brake.

(25) The schematically illustrated drum brake represents a drum brake known from the prior art, which comprises inter alia a hydraulic actuator 8 for activating two brake blocks 9 and a retraction spring 10 for the brake blocks 9. The blocking catch 5 is disposed on a part of the drum brake that by means of screw-fitment points 11 is mounted so as to be fixed to the vehicle (thus not conjointly rotating with the wheel of the vehicle). In contrast, the ratchet wheel 6 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a part of the drum brake that rotates conjointly with the vehicle wheel. As already explained in the other figures, the mechanical locking device in this example also comprises a pre-load spring by way of which the blocking catch 5 is held in an opened position. As has already been described in detail in FIG. 2, an intermediate position of the blocking catch 5 is furthermore provided, this intermediate position to be seen in FIG. 8. It is provided here that the blocking catch 5 engages in the ratchet wheel 6 only upon reaching a critical rotating speed of the vehicle wheel, or a critical speed of the vehicle, respectively, while the pre-load by the pre-load spring in the actuator 2 for the blocking element 5 is however already largely released. A locked position of the locking device in which the blocking catch 5 engages in the ratchet wheel 6 is shown in FIG. 9.

(26) FIGS. 10-12 show a drum brake of a vehicle in a simplified schematic sectional view through the rotation axis A. The external part 13 of the drum brake does not rotate conjointly with the rotating movement of the vehicle wheel, while the internal part 14 of the drum brake is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the vehicle wheel. Provided as a mechanical locking device in this example is the blocking element as the pin 51 and the receptacle element as the perforated element 61. The functional mode and the construction and configuration of the mechanical locking device per se here is the same as described in FIGS. 4-6. The only difference in comparison to FIGS. 4-6 here is that the service brake is not a disc brake but a drum brake. The pin 51 here is fixedly connected to a part 13 of the drum brake that is fixed to the vehicle, and the perforated element is fixedly connected to a part 14 of the drum brake that is rotationally fixed (to the wheel). Shown in FIG. 11 is the intermediate position of the pin 51, pre-loaded by the compensation spring 7, as is described in detail in FIG. 5, until the vehicle wheel, or the vehicle, respectively, has reached the maximum critical rotating speed or speed, respectively. The pin 51 in FIG. 10 is shown in a non-locked position while the pin 51 in FIG. 12 engages in the perforated element 61.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(27) 1 Brake disc 2 Actuator of the blocking element 3 Disc chamber 4 Brake caliper 5 Blocking catch 51 Pin 6 Ratchet wheel 61 Perforated element 7 Compensation spring of the intermediate position 8 Hydraulic actuator 9 Brake block 10 Retraction spring 11 Screw-fitment point 13 External part of the drum brake 14 Internal part of the drum brake A Wheel rotation axis