Barrier Transition Framework

Abstract

A barrier transition framework such as for use as a bridge transition, is disclosed for connection to a concrete anchor at an entrance, comprising a tubular upper transition chord having first and second beveled ends, and a tubular lower transition chord having first and second beveled ends. The first beveled ends of each of the upper and lower chords are welded to an approach deflector. The second beveled ends of each of the upper and lower chords are welded to an anchorage plate. A transition assembly is formed by connecting thrie-beams to the road-side of the transition framework. A thrie-beam may also be connected to the field-side of the transition framework. The disclosed transition framework provides a preassembled solid four bar structure with exceptional resistance to deflection in both the vertical and horizontal planes, that spans a greater distance than convention transitions.

Claims

1. A transition framework for connection to a concrete anchor at a bridge entrance in a bridge barrier transition, comprising: a tubular upper chord having first and second ends; a tubular lower chord having first and second ends; an approach deflector welded to the first end of the upper and lower chords; and, an anchorage plate welded to the second end of each of the upper and lower chords.

2. The transition framework of claim 6, further comprising: the approach deflector connectable to a guardrail post; and, the anchorage plate connectable to a bridge anchor.

3. The transition framework of claim 6, further comprising: the upper chord and lower chord being 4.5″ outside diameter, schedule 80 tubulars.

4. The transition framework of claim 6, further comprising: wherein impact forced separation of the upper chord and the lower chord is resisted by the weldment of the ends of the upper chord and the lower chord to the approach deflector and the anchorage plate.

5. The transition framework of claim 1, further comprising: the first and second ends of the tubular upper chord being beveled ends; and, the first and second ends of the tubular lower chord being beveled ends.

6. A transition framework for connection to a concrete anchor at a bridge entrance in a bridge barrier transition, comprising: a tubular upper chord having first and second ends; a tubular lower chord having first and second ends; an approach deflector welded to the first end of the upper and lower chords; an anchorage plate welded to the second end of each of the upper and lower chords; the first and second ends of the tubular upper chord being beveled ends; the first and second ends of the tubular lower chord being beveled ends; a weldment panel welded to the first beveled end of the tubular upper and lower chords; a connection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the weldment panel; a plurality of vertically separated fastener holes on the connection panel; and, a deflection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the connection panel.

7. A transition framework for connection to a concrete anchor at a bridge entrance in a bridge barrier transition, comprising: a tubular upper chord having first and second ends; a tubular lower chord having first and second ends; an approach deflector welded to the first end of the upper and lower chords; an anchorage plate welded to the second end of each of the upper and lower chords; the first and second ends of the tubular upper chord being beveled ends; the first and second ends of the tubular lower chord being beveled ends; a weldment panel welded to the second beveled end of each of the upper and lower chords; a connection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the weldment panel; and, a plurality of vertically separated holes on the connection panel.

8. A transition assembly, comprising: a transition framework comprising: a tubular upper chord having first and second ends; a tubular lower chord having first and second ends; an approach deflector welded to the first end of each of the upper and lower chords; an anchorage plate welded to the second end of each of the upper and lower chords; the approach deflector affixed to a guardrail post; the anchorage plate affixed to an anchor structure; a first thrie-beam having a first end and an opposite second end; the first thrie-beam positioned on a road-side of the transition assembly, and over the upper chord and the lower chord; the first thrie-beam affixed to the approach deflector and the guardrail post at its first end, and to a terminal connector at its second end; and, the terminal connector attached to the anchorage plate and the anchor structure at its second end.

9. The transition assembly of claim 8, further comprising: a second thrie-beam having a first end and an opposite second end; the second thrie-beam positioned on top of the first thrie-beam in a nested configuration; the second thrie-beam affixed to the first thrie-beam, the approach deflector, and the guardrail post at its first end; and, the second thrie-beam attached to the first thrie-beam at its second end.

10. The transition assembly of claim 8, further comprising: a field-side thrie-beam having a first end and an opposite second end; the field-side thrie-beam positioned on a field side of the transition assembly, and on top of the upper chord and the lower chord; and, the field-side thrie-beam connected to the first thrie-beam with fasteners.

11. The transition assembly of claim 8, further comprising: the approach deflector connectable to a guardrail post; and, the anchorage plate connectable to the anchor.

12. The transition assembly of claim 8, further comprising: the upper chord and lower chord being 4.5″ outside diameter, schedule 80 tubulars.

13. The transition assembly of claim 8, further comprising: vertical expansion of the thrie-beam on impact is resisted by fixed endpoints of the upper chord and lower chord, thus increasing the resistance to deformation.

14. The transition assembly of claim 8, the transition assembly further comprising: the first and second ends of the tubular upper chord being beveled ends; and, the first and second ends of the tubular lower chord being beveled ends.

15. The transition assembly of claim 14, the anchorage plate further comprising: a weldment panel welded to the second beveled end of each of the upper and lower chords; a connection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the weldment panel; and, a plurality of vertically separated holes on the connection panel.

16. The transition assembly of claim 9, the approach deflector further comprising: a weldment panel welded to the first beveled end of the upper and lower chords; a connection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the weldment panel; a plurality of vertically separated fastener holes on the connection panel; and, a deflection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the connection panel.

17. The transition assembly of claim 9, the anchorage plate further comprising: a weldment panel welded to the second beveled end of each of the upper and lower chords; a connection panel disposed at an obtuse angle to the weldment panel; and, a plurality of vertically separated holes on the connection panel.

18. The transition assembly of claim 9, further comprising: wherein vertical expansion of the thrie-beam on impact is resisted by its positioning over the transition framework, and the weldment of the ends of the upper chord and the lower chord of the transition framework to the approach deflector and the anchorage plate.

19. The transition framework of claim 7, further comprising: the approach deflector connectable to a guardrail post; and, the anchorage plate connectable to a bridge anchor.

20. The transition framework of claim 7, further comprising: the upper chord and lower chord being 4.5″ outside diameter, schedule 80 tubulars.

21. The transition framework of claim 7, further comprising: wherein impact forced separation of the upper chord and the lower chord is resisted by the weldment of the ends of the upper chord and the lower chord to the approach deflector and the anchorage plate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0029] FIG. 1 is a front (road-side) perspective view of the bridge transition in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a back (field-side) perspective view of the bridge transition in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 3 is a front side view of the bridge transition in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-2.

[0032] FIG. 4 is a top view of the bridge transition in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3.

[0033] FIG. 5 is a back side view of the bridge transition in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4.

[0034] FIG. 6 is an end view of the bridge transition of the present invention, illustrated as having thrie-beams positioned on the front and the back of the embodiment of the bridge transition disclosed in FIGS. 1-5, and as connected together with threaded fasteners.

[0035] FIG. 7 is a front side sectional view of a thrie-beam terminal connector connected to the embodiment of the bridge transition disclosed in FIGS. 1-7.

[0036] FIG. 8 is an isometric exploded view of an assembly including the disclosed embodiment of the bridge transition positioned as the transition between road-side thrie-beam guardrails and a bridge anchor.

[0037] FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the assembled components of FIG. 8, including the disclosed embodiment of the bridge transition as the transition between road-side thrie-beam guardrails and a bridge anchor.

[0038] FIG. 10 is a top view of a MASH Test 3-20 vehicle crash test which was performed in which the disclosed bridge transition was used as the bridge transition and secured with front and back side thrie-beams.

[0039] FIG. 11 is a top view of a MASH Test 3-21 vehicle crash test which was performed in which the disclosed bridge transition was used as the bridge transition and secured with front and back side thrie-beams.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

[0041] FIG. 1 is a front (road-side) perspective view of a transition framework 1, illustrated in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. As seen in FIG. 1, transition framework 1 comprises a tubular upper chord 10 and a lower chord 20. As best seen in FIG. 4, a first end 12 of upper chord 10 and a first end 22 of lower chord 20 are welded to a road-side 32 of an approach defector 30. A second end 14 of upper chord 10 and a second end 24 of lower chord 20 are welded to road-side 52 of an anchorage plate 50.

[0042] FIG. 2 is a back (field-side) perspective view of transition framework 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 1. As seen in this view, approach deflector 30 has a field-side 34 opposite to road-side 32. Anchorage plate 50 has a field-side 54 opposite to road-side 52.

[0043] FIG. 3 is a front side view of transition framework 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-2. In FIG. 3, the road-side view of transition framework 1 is seen. Anchorage plate 50 has a plurality of fastener holes 60. Fastener holes 60 receive fasteners 62 for connection of anchorage plate 50 to a concrete bridge anchor 100. Approach deflector 30 has a plurality of fastener holes 40. Fastener holes 40 receive fasteners 62 for connection of approach deflector 30 to a guardrail post 110.

[0044] FIG. 4 is a top view of transition framework 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-3. FIG. 5 is a back side view of transition framework 1 in accordance with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. As illustrated in FIG. 4, approach deflector 30 comprises a weldment panel 36 to which are welded the first beveled ends 12 and 22 of tubular upper chord 10 and lower chord 20.

[0045] A connection panel 38 is disposed at an obtuse angle to weldment panel 36. As best seen in FIG. 5, fastener holes 40 are disposed on connection panel 38. Referring back to FIG. 4, a deflector panel 42 is disposed at an obtuse angle to connection panel 38. As best seen in FIG. 11 Deflector panel 42 serves to discourage an impacting vehicle from snagging on guardrail post 110.

[0046] In one embodiment, upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 have an outside diameter of approximately 4.5″. In another embodiment, upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 are made from schedule 80 tubulars.

[0047] FIG. 6 is an end view of transition framework 1, illustrated as incorporated in bridge transition assembly 5. In this embodiment, a first thrie-beam 70 is positioned on the road-side of transition framework 1, and over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 so as to nest first thrie-beam 70 over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20. In the embodiment illustrated, a field-side thrie-beam 80 is positioned on the field-side of transition framework 1, and over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 so as to nest field-side thrie-beam 80 over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20. Fasteners 90 connect first road-side thrie-beam 70 to field-side thrie-beam 80 between upper chord 10 and lower chord 20.

[0048] Also, in the embodiment illustrated, a second road-side thrie-beam 74 is nested over first road-side thrie-beam 70 to provide additional strength and resistance to deformation. As seen in this view, thrie-beams 70 and 74 have an accordion-like profile that is presented road-side for impact by a vehicle. The center of thrie-beams 70 and 74 would normally expand thrie-beams 70 and 74 vertically in response to a direct impact.

[0049] Unique to the present invention, the solid four bar configuration of transition framework 1 resists vertical expansion of thrie-beams 70 and 72, and coincident horizontal deformation. As disclosed, the impact of the disclosed invention requires horizontal buckling at the center of thrie-beams 70 and 72 between upper chord 10 and lower chord 20, which absorbs much more energy than horizontal expansion if upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 were not solidly anchored at their ends. The benefits increase resistance to deflection and increased probability of a repairable bridge transition on lower to medium vehicle impacts.

[0050] FIG. 7 is a front side sectional view of a thrie-beam terminal connector 72 incorporated in the disclosed embodiments of bridge transition assembly 5. As illustrated in FIG. 7 and as best seen in FIG. 8, terminal connector 72 is connected to anchor plate 50 of transition framework 1 and concrete anchor 100 at the entrance to a bridge. Fasteners 62 are located in receiving holes on terminal connector 72 and pass through fastener holes 60 on connector plate 52 of anchorage plate 50 (see FIG. 3).

[0051] FIG. 8 is an isometric exploded view of bridge transition assembly 5. As seen in FIG. 8, transition framework 1 is positioned as the transition between guardrail post 110 and concrete anchor 100. Fasteners 90 connect transition framework 1 and road-side thrie-beams 70 and 74 to guardrail post 110. Guardrail post 110 is the first connecting guardrail post on the approach side of concrete anchor 100.

[0052] As further seen in FIG. 8, fasteners 62 rigidly connect anchor plate 50 of transition framework 1 and terminal connector 72 to concrete anchor 100 at the entrance to a bridge. First road-side thrie-beam 70 is positioned over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20. Second road-side thrie-beam 74 is nested over first road-side thrie-beam 70 to provide additional strength and resistance to deformation.

[0053] Field-side thrie-beam 80 is positioned on the field-side of transition framework 1, and over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 so as to nest field-side thrie-beam 80 over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20. Fasteners 90 connect first road-side thrie-beam 70 to field-side thrie-beam 80 between upper chord 10 and lower chord 20 to form an envelope over upper chord 10 and lower chord 20.

[0054] First road-side thrie-beam 70 and second road-side thrie-beam 74 are connected to terminal connector 72 by threaded fasteners 62. The opposite ends of first road-side thrie-beam 70 and second road-side thrie-beam 74 are connected by threaded fasteners 90 to approach deflector 30 and guiderail post 110.

[0055] FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the assembled components of FIG. 8, illustrating bridge transition assembly 5 assembled with transition framework 1 extending between guardrail post 110 and concrete anchor 100 at a bridge entrance. In this manner, construction of bridge transition assembly 5 is complete.

[0056] It is noted that the disclosed embodiments permit the addition of one or more second road-side thrie-beams 74 as nested over first road-side thrie-beam 70. It is further noted that the disclosed embodiments permit the inclusion of one or more field-side thrie-beams 80. Unique to the present invention, transition framework 1 does not require field-side thrie-beam 80 to support rigidly anchored upper chord 10 and lower chord 20, facilitating the very advantageous premanufacture of transition framework 1 for use at the bridge location.

[0057] Transition framework 1, as preassembled, can advantageously be used to replace in-service transitions, as well as new installations. Additionally, transition framework 1 is fully reversable for use on either side of the road. Transition framework 1 provides further significant installation time savings in that it eliminates up to four guardrail posts for post pounding operations.

[0058] In the embodiments illustrated, transition framework 1 and bridge transition assembly 5 permit a successfully MASH tested distance of 108 inches (9 ft.) between the center of guardrail post 110 and the edge of ridged concrete anchor 100. The tested and proven span of 108 inches provides 105 inches of uninterrupted space that accommodates all utilities at a structure requiring additional room (i.e., drop-basin for off-structure drainage, public utilities, etc.) to obtain the benefits of the invention. The increased span increases reliability as the primary guidepost is further distanced from the soil at the bridge interface.

[0059] FIG. 10 is a top view of a MASH Test 3-20 vehicle crash test which was performed in which the disclosed transition framework 1 was incorporated into bridge transition assembly 5 as the bridge transition tested in accordance with MASH testing protocols. In FIG. 10, the vehicle has a centerline of travel 120, and a line of critical impact point, or CIP 122. To satisfy the test requirements, vehicle centerline 120 as at an angle of 25° to bridge transition assembly 5.

[0060] In the TL3-20 testing, a 2,425-lb vehicle impacts the critical impact point (CIP) of the transition at a nominal impact speed and angle of 62 mi/h (100 km/hr) and 25 degrees, respectively. This test investigates a barrier's ability to successfully contain and redirect a small passenger vehicle.

[0061] On Apr. 19, 2022, testing was performed on the disclosed embodiment of the invention having a single field-side thrie beam 80 and a pair of nested road-side thrie beams 70 and 74. Table 1 below demonstrates the success of bridge transition assembly 5 in actual MASH testing on a small sedan weighing 2,603 lbs. performed by Applus IDIADA KARCO Engineering.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 General Information Test Agency: Applus IDIADA KARCO Engineering, LLC Test Number: P42020-01 Test Date: Apr. 19, 2022 Test Article: Northern Infrastructure Products, Bridge Connection Test Vehicle Test Vehicle Description: 1100C, MASH 3-20 Test Inertial Mass: 1101 kg Gross Static Mass: 1183 kg Impact Conditions Speed: 101.6 km/h Angle: 25.0 degrees Occupant Risk Factors Impact Velocity (m/s) at 0.0762 seconds on left side of interior x-direction 7.1 y-direction −10.7 THIV (km/hr): 45.3 at 0.0748 seconds on left side of interior THIV (m/s): 12.6 Ridedown Accelerations (g's) x-direction −17.1 (0.0770-0.0870 seconds) y-direction 6.5 (0.2046-0.2146 seconds) PHD (g's): 17.5 (0.0769-0.0869 seconds) ASI: 2.59 (0.0523-0.1023 seconds) Max. 50 msec Moving Avg. Accelerations (g's) x-direction −15.0 (0.0381-0.0881 seconds) y-direction 20.3 (0.0263-0.0763 seconds) z-direction −3.5 (0.0033-0.0533 seconds) Max Roll, Pitch, and Yaw Angles (degrees) Roll −12.6 (0.3501 seconds) Pitch −5.1 (0.2347 seconds) Yaw 52.9 (0.5998 seconds)

[0062] FIG. 11 is a top view of a MASH Test 3-21 with a test vehicle that was performed with the disclosed transition framework 1 incorporated into bridge transition assembly 5, tested in accordance with MASH testing protocols. In FIG. 11, the vehicle has a centerline of travel 120, and a line of critical impact point, or CIP 122. To satisfy the test requirements, vehicle centerline 120 as at an angle of 25° to bridge transition assembly 5. As seen in FIG. 11 Deflector panel 42 serves to discourage an impacting vehicle from snagging on guardrail post 110.

[0063] In the MASH 3-21 test, a 5000-lb pickup truck impacts the CIP of the transition at a nominal impact speed and angle of 62 mi/h and 25 degrees, respectively. This test investigates a barrier's ability to successfully contain and redirect light trucks and sport utility vehicles.

[0064] On Apr. 19, 2022, testing was performed on the disclosed embodiment of the invention having a single field-side thrie beam 80 and a pair of nested road-side thrie beams 70 and 74. Table 2 below demonstrates the success of bridge transition assembly 5 in actual testing on a 2006 Dodge Ram 1500 weighing 4,950 lbs. performed by Applus IDIADA KARCO Engineering.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 General Information Test Agency: Applus IDIADA KARCO Engineering, LLC Test Number: P42020-01 Test Date: Apr. 19, 2022 Test Article: Northern Infrastructure Products, Bridge Connection Test Vehicle Description: 2270P, MASH 3-21 Test Inertial Mass: 2277 kg Gross Static Mass: 2277 kg Impact Conditions Speed: 100.5 km/h Angle: 25.0 degrees Occupant Risk Factors Impact Velocity (m/s) at 0.0977 seconds on left side of interior x-direction 7.1 y-direction −8.1 THIV (km/hr): 37.7 at 0.0943 seconds on left side of interior THIV (m/s): 10.5 Ridedown Accelerations (g's) x-direction −10.3 (0.1262-0.1362 seconds) y-direction 9.2 (0.1009-0.1109 seconds) PHD (g's): 12.9 (0.0942-0.1042 seconds) ASI: 1.57 (0.0801-0.1301 seconds) Max. 50 msec Moving Avg. Accelerations (g's) x-direction −9.8 (0.0407-0.0907 seconds) y-direction 11.4 (0.0461-0.0961 seconds) z-direction 4.0 (1.9955-2.0455 seconds) Max Roll, Pitch, and Yaw Angles (degrees) Roll −54.6 (0.5143 seconds) Pitch −15.8 (1.1275 seconds) Yaw 46.9 (0.4890 seconds))

[0065] As seen from the test results, transition framework 1 as incorporated in bridge transition assembly 5 provides a safe bridge transition for vehicles of very different sizes that passes all criteria of MASH Test 3-20 and MASH Test 3-21 requirements and provides the several advantages described herein.

[0066] It will be readily understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that transition framework 1 and transition assembly 5 are not limited to the application of bridge entrance and egress, but can be used where other solidly anchored road barrier elements need to be transitioned to less resistive barrier elements.

[0067] Having thus described the present invention by reference to certain of its preferred embodiments, it is noted that the embodiments disclosed are illustrative rather than limiting in nature and that a wide range of variations, modifications, changes, and substitutions are contemplated in the foregoing disclosure and, in some instances, some features of the present invention may be employed without a corresponding use of the other features. Many such variations and modifications may be considered desirable by those skilled in the art based upon a review of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and, in a manner, consistent with the scope of the invention.