LONGITUDINALLY SLIDING BOLT OF SMALL ARMS WITH A COLLET CLUTCH MECHANISM ON THE BARREL

Abstract

The invention relates to locking mechanisms for arms-grade bolts, in particular to locking mechanisms for longitudinally sliding bolts. The technical result is achieved by that a longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with a collet clutching mechanism on a barrel comprises collet clutching petals, a sleeve-like element controlling the collet clutching petals, a striker, a striker spring, and a bolt spring having a stop. The collet clutching petals are arranged on top of a bolt body and framed by an inertial sleeve having a spacer spring. Furthermore, the collet clutching petals are fastened with a circular spring shifted to the front side of the bolt and have protrusions at both ends which extend away from a bolt axis. The spacer spring and the inertial sleeve configured to longitudinally slide along the collet clutching petals are arranged between the protrusions sequentially in a row away from the end of the bolt.

Claims

1. A longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with a collet clutching mechanism on a barrel, wherein the bolt comprises collet clutching petals, a sleeve-like element controlling the collet clutching petals, a striker, a striker spring, a bolt spring having a stop; wherein the collet clutching petals are arranged on top of a bolt body and framed by an inertial sleeve having a spacer spring; wherein the collet clutching petals are provided in an amount of at least two, fastened with a circular spring shifted to a front side of the bolt from a central part of the collet clutching petals, and have protrusions at both ends which extend away from a bolt axis; wherein the spacer spring and the inertial sleeve configured to longitudinally slide along the collet clutching petals are arranged between the protrusions sequentially in a row away from an end of the bolt; wherein protrusions extending inwardly to engage with the barrel are provided on an inner side of the collet clutching petals towards the bolt axis in a front part of the collet clutching petals, wherein in the central part of the collet clutching petals, there are swing stops providing a lever-type mechanism for clutching and declutching the bolt to and from the barrel; wherein protrusions for fixing the collet clutching petals on the bolt are arranged between the swing stops closer to the front part of the collet clutching petals; wherein an outer surface of the collet clutching petals has a longitudinal protrusion having gradual bevels and shifted to a rear side of the bolt, the longitudinal protrusion being configured to control a mechanism for clutching and declutching the collet clutching petals on the barrel; wherein the longitudinal protrusion on the rear side of the bolt has a ledge configured to temporarily fix the inertial sleeve in a rear position until a front part of the bolt comes into contact with a breech piece of the barrel when the bolt moves forward; and wherein matching elements configured to fix the swing stops and the protrusions for fixing the collet clutching petals are provided on a surface of the bolt.

2. The longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms according to claim 1, wherein the bolt comprises 2-24 collet clutching petals.

3. The longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms according to claim 1, wherein the inertial sleeve has a U-shaped configuration, when viewed in a section passing through an axis of the inertial sleeve.

4. The longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms according to claim 1, wherein the spacer spring is a helical compression spring.

5. The longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms according to claim 1, wherein the projections for fixing the collet clutching petals on the bolt are provided in the amount of 1 to 3 pieces on the inner side of each collet clutching petal.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The description of the claimed invention “Longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with a collet clutching mechanism on a barrel” is explained by the following diagrams:

[0044] FIG. 1 shows a general sectional top view of a longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with a collet clutching mechanism on a barrel in an initial pre-firing position;

[0045] FIG. 2 shows a general side view of the bolt;

[0046] FIG. 3 shows a top view of the bolt in a shot start position;

[0047] FIG. 4 shows a view of the bolt in the position when an inertial sleeve is temporarily fixed and a cartridge case is extracted;

[0048] FIG. 5 shows a top view of the bolt in the position when the inertial sleeve starts to move reversely;

[0049] FIG. 6 shows a side view of the bolt in a bolt-to-barrel clutching position;

[0050] FIG. 7 shows a top view of the bolt in the position when collet clutching petals are released from a temporary-fixation ledge and move along a longitudinal protrusion having gradual bevels;

[0051] FIG. 8 shows a top view of the bolt in the position when the ends of the petals with fixation protrusions move apart and overcome outer protrusions of the barrel;

[0052] FIG. 9 shows a top view of the bolt in the bolt-to-barrel clutching position provided by the engagement of clutching protrusions at the end of the petals of the outer protrusion of the barrel.

[0053] The following reference signs are given in the figures:

[0054] 1. Collet clutching petal

[0055] 2. Bolt

[0056] 3. Inertial sleeve

[0057] 4. Spacer spring

[0058] 5. Swing stop

[0059] 6. Barrel

[0060] 7. Protrusion for clutching to the barrel

[0061] 8. External protrusion of the barrel

[0062] 9. Protrusion for engaging the petal with the bolt

[0063] 10. Circular spring

[0064] 11. Bolt spring

[0065] 12. Restrictive protrusion

[0066] 13. Longitudinal protrusion with gradual bevels

[0067] 14. Temporary-fixation ledge for the inertial sleeve

[0068] 15. Flanging ledge of the inertial sleeve

[0069] 16. Striker spring

[0070] 17. Striker

[0071] 18. Trigger with a hammer

[0072] 19. Fixed stop

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0073] In the claimed invention, the main task is solved with the aid of grips which are collet petals 1 arranged on top of a bolt body 1 and framed by an inertial sleeve 3 having a spacer spring 4. Depending on the tasks and power of the ammunition, the number of the collet petals can vary from 2 to 24. The collet petals are made with a gap from the surface of the bolt body, which provides a swing stop 5 protruding from the inner surface of the petal towards the bolt and arranged in the central part of the petal. The swing stop also performs the function of clutching and declutching the bolt to and from a barrel 6 by implementing a lever-type mechanism for clutching and declutching the bolt to and from the barrel 6, by which the ends of the collet petals are moved relative to a bolt axis. The swing function is provided by the loose clutching of the swing stop, for example, a protrusion stop in the recess of a bolt surface, pin-aided engagement on special protrusions of the bolt surface or a stop between such special protrusions. The actual bolt-to-barrel clutching is performed by protrusions made on the inner side of the petals from the side of the barrel and directed towards the bolt axis. One of these protrusions is extreme and arranged at the very end of a petal 7. This protrusion is responsible for clutching to the barrel due to engagement with an outer protrusion 8 of the barrel. Another protrusion 9 is indented from the extreme protrusion and serves to fasten the petal to the bolt. Thus, the bolt is clutched to the barrel by means of a rigid external structural element. In this case, it should be considered that there may be several, for example, 2 or 3, protrusions like the protrusion 9 to increase the clutching strength. All the collet petals are fastened with a circular spring 10 shifted to the front side of the bolt from their central part; the purpose of the spring is to shift the front arm of the petals towards the bolt axis. The mounting location of this spring is shifted away from the central part towards the front part. The bolt is automatically clutched to and declutched from the barrel by means of a mechanism implemented when the bolt moves back due to recoil and forward when exposed to a helical spring 11 of the bolt. This mechanism is implemented by: providing the inertial sleeve and the spacer spring around (i.e., framing) the collet petals; providing restrictive protrusions 12 extending away from the bolt axis at both ends of each petal on the outer side of the petal; providing a longitudinal protrusion 13 having gradual bevels and shifted to the rear side of the bolt on the outer side of the petal; and providing a ledge on the back side of the longitudinal protrusion for temporarily fixing the inertial sleeve. As seen in the section perpendicular to its axis, the inertial sleeve has a U-shaped configuration directed by a crossbar away from the bolt axis. In other words, on the inner side of the sleeve facing the petals, it has a circular groove or slot along the entire central part, so that a flange or flange ledges 15 directed towards the surface of the petals are formed on both sides of the circular groove or slot. The interaction of both ledges with the outer surface of the petals, on which the longitudinal protrusion with the gradual bevels is made, allows the clutching-declutching mechanism to be implemented: when the sleeve moves towards the rear part of the petal, the front parts of the petals move apart, thereby releasing the bolt, whereupon the bolt moves back. When the bolt and sleeve return, the reverse process occurs—the front parts of the petals are compressed, and the bolt clutches to the barrel.

[0074] The external structural elements (features) that ensure the operation of the bolt are as follows: a helical spring 16 of a striker, the striker 17, a trigger 18 with a hammer, and a fixed stop 19.

[0075] The bolt operates as follows.

[0076] In the initial position, a cartridge is in a cartridge chamber, the bolt is in the position in which it is clutched to the barrel (FIG. 1, FIG. 2) fixed by the barrel clutching protrusion for the outer protrusion of the barrel, the inertial sleeve takes the extreme position at the barrel clutching protrusion, the spacer spring and the bolt spring are in an unstressed state, and the striker is in its initial position with an unstressed spring.

[0077] A shot is carried out by pressing the trigger, whereupon the trigger hits the striker, thereby leading to the ignition of the powder charge of the cartridge (FIG. 3). After the shot, the striker spring returns it to its original position. As a result of the shot, due to recoil, the inertial sleeve moves away from the barrel, while compressing the spacer spring (FIG. 4). The movement of the sleeve continues until it engages with the temporary-fixation ledge (FIG. 5, FIG. 6). When the sleeve moves to this ledge, the bolt is declutched from the barrel due to the lifting of the ends of the petals with the fixation protrusions because of the implementation of the lever-type mechanism on the swing stops (FIG. 4). Such a mechanism is implemented by the ledges of the flanging of the inertial sleeve when they rest against predefined points on the outer surface of the longitudinal protrusion of the petals. After the bolt is declutched from the barrel, it also moves away from the barrel, while compressing the bolt spring. The movement of the bolt continues until it collides with the fixed stop. During this movement, the bolt spring is compressed. When the bolt moves away from the barrel, a cartridge case is extracted.

[0078] After the bolt reaches the fixed stop, its inertia force is extinguished, and it begins to move back to the barrel under the action of the compressed bolt spring. When the bolt moves forward, the barrel is loaded with a cartridge. At the same time, the inertial sleeve is released from the temporary-fixation ledges by lowering the rear ends of the collet petals to the bolt axis and begins to move towards the barrel clutching protrusions (FIG. 7). Once the inertial sleeve is released from the temporary-fixation ledge, the inertial sleeve abuts with its released ledge (the ledge of the inertial sleeve on the rear side) against the longitudinal protrusion of the petals, which causes the ends of the petals with the fixation protrusions to move apart, thereby allowing the petals to overcome the outer protrusions of the barrel (FIG. 8) and, finally, when the extreme position is reached due to the action of the spacer spring, to securely clutch the bolt to the barrel as a result of the tight wrapping of the petals (FIG. 9). Thus, the bolt is again brought into combat position.

[0079] The maintainability of the bolt is determined by the ease of its implementation. To do this, the bolt and, accordingly, the collet petals are brought into the rear position. Then, without moving the bolt forward, the collet petals are brought into the extreme forward position, whereupon the rear part of the spacer spring is pressed forward and pushed beyond the swing stops of the petals, the back part of the petals is moved apart, and the inertial sleeve is removed forward.

[0080] By implementing the longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with the collet clutching mechanism on the barrel, it is possible to obtain the following useful qualities:

[0081] 1. The design of the bolt allows reloading the small arms only due to the longitudinal stroke of the bolt, without having to turn it. This allows a shooter to avoid making additional movements of the bolt, simplifies the design, and improves its reliability.

[0082] 2. The proposed design can be used for all types of reloading, such as manual reloading, semi-automatic firing and automatic firing. The design can also be used both for shooting from rifled weapons, and when firing from smoothbore weapons.

[0083] 3. In the proposed design, powder gases are not used for the reloading mechanism, for which reason a powder residue does not penetrate the reloading mechanism and the bolt mechanism, thereby leading to the following: firstly, there is no contamination of the mechanisms, and secondly, there is no heating and overheating of the parts and the mechanisms. All of this results in more reliable and durable operation of the small arms. Furthermore, the absence of a gas outlet provides a more stable movement of a bullet in the barrel, thereby improving the accuracy of fire.

[0084] 4. In the proposed design, the bolt and the barrel are fixed to each other practically without the participation of a barrel receiver, the presence of which is not necessary in this system. Thus, after locking the barrel with the bolt, and during the firing, the entire load is distributed between the barrel and the bolt, for which reason the weight of the small arms, its reliability and durability are significantly improved.

[0085] 5. The claimed design allows for a quick replacement of the barrel for different types of ammunition, which makes the small arms universal for various applications.

Example 1

[0086] In the initial position, after the bolt is cocked, its position is described as follows: the cartridge is in the cartridge chamber, the bolt is in the position when it is clutched to the barrel (FIG. 1) fixed by the barrel clutching protrusion for the outer protrusion of the barrel, the inertial sleeve takes the extreme position at the barrel clutching protrusion, the spacer spring and the bolt spring are in an unstressed state, the striker is in its original position with the unstressed spring. The number of the collet petals arranged on top of the bolt body and framed by the inertial sleeve with the spacer spring is 2. On the inner side of these petals, there are projections for their fixation on the bolt in the amount of one per each petal. These protrusions are arranged between the swing stop and the barrel clutching protrusion, closer to the latter.

[0087] A shot is carried out by pressing the trigger, the trigger hits the striker, the striker pierces a cartridge primer, a powder charge in the cartridge case ignites, the striker spring returns the striker to its original state, a bullet flies out of the barrel, and a recoil force arises. As a result of this force, the inertial sleeve moves away from the barrel, thereby compressing a thrust spring, runs into the longitudinal protrusion, resting against it with flange ledges, which in turn leads to raising the front ends of the petals due to the outer protrusions of the barrel and declutching the bolt from the barrel. The bolt is declutched from the barrel due to the separation of the front ends of the petals of the collet clamp or collet petals which work according to a two-arm level mechanism when crimping the arms of the collet petals with the longitudinal ledge. After that, the bolt also starts moving away from the barrel, while compressing the bolt spring. During this movement of the bolt and the inertial sleeve, the bolt is declutched from the barrel and the cartridge case is extracted.

[0088] The bolt moves until it approaches the fixed stop, and the inertial sleeve moves until it is clutched to the temporary-fixation ledge. Said clutching is aided by the action of the circular spring that lifts the rear parts of the petals. After reaching the extreme position at the fixed stop, the bolt begins to move towards the barrel under the action of the compressed bolt spring. During this movement, the small arms is loaded with a cartridge and the bolt is connected to the barrel. The connection of the bolt to the barrel is associated with their clutching which is carried out using the above-indicated lever-type mechanism. This mechanism is implemented when the inertial sleeve moves to the barrel clutching protrusion. This movement occurs due to the straightening of the spacer spring, in which: [0089] the inertial sleeve comes out of the temporary-fixation ledge when the rear ends of the collet petals are compressed with the longitudinal protrusion; [0090] the inertial sleeve compresses the rear ends (arms) of the petals along the longitudinal protrusion, thereby allowing the ends of the collet petals to overcome the outer protrusions of the bolt; [0091] the inertial sleeve slides along the petals towards the barrel clutching protrusions, thereby squeezing the petals and improving said clutching with the barrel; [0092] the inertial sleeve completes the clutching of the bolt to the barrel, reaching the extreme position on the collet petals.

[0093] As a result of the above-described actions, the small arms is brought into combat condition and is ready to fire. If there is no cut-off stroke of the trigger, the next shot occurs automatically.

Example 2

[0094] Similar to example 1, in the initial position, after the bolt is cocked, its position is as follows: the cartridge is in the cartridge chamber, the bolt is in the position in which it is clutched to the barrel (FIG. 1) fixed by the barrel clutching protrusion for the outer protrusion of the barrel, the inertial sleeve takes the extreme position at the barrel clutching protrusion, the spacer spring and the bolt spring are in an unstressed state, the striker is in its original position with the unstressed spring.

[0095] The initial position differs from that indicated in example 1 in that: [0096] the number of the collet petals arranged on top of the bolt body and framed by the inertial sleeve with the spacer spring is 24; [0097] on the inner side of these petals, there are projections for their fixation on the bolt in the amount of 3 per each petal in the direction of the bolt surface. These protrusions are arranged between the swing stop and the barrel clutching protrusion, closer to the latter.

[0098] In this case, a shot is carried out in the same way as in example 1. During the shot, the bolt-from-barrel declutching, the movement of the structural parts of the bolt, the extraction of the cartridge case and the bolt-to-barrel clutching again occur in the same way as in example 1. As a result of these actions, the small arms is brought into combat condition and ready to fire. If there is no cut-off stroke of the trigger, the next shot occurs automatically.

[0099] The above-given examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Instead, variations, modifications and equivalents of the above-described examples are also possible within the scope of the claims.

[0100] The above-given description of the claimed invention, the disclosure of its essence and the examples allow one to conclude that the following purpose of the invention is implemented: “Longitudinally sliding bolt of small arms with the collet clutching mechanism on the barrel”. This confirms the achievement of the technical result.

[0101] It also follows from the above-given description that the implementation of the claimed purpose is possible only if the whole set of essential features is implemented, which also confirms the task of implementing the invention has been technically solved.