HUMANIZED ANTI-CD22 RECOMBINANT IMMUNOTOXIN AND APPLICATION THEREOF

Abstract

Provided is a humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin, which has reduced immunogenicity and maintains the CD22 binding affinity and corresponding biological activity before humanization transformation, and is used for preparing a drug for treating CD22-related B cell malignant tumors.

Claims

1. A humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin which is a polypeptide molecule comprising two polypeptide chains as follows: (1) a first polypeptide chain, comprising a light chain variable region (VL) of an anti-CD22 antibody, wherein the light chain variable region (VL) comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18 or an amino acid sequence homologue thereof having at least 75% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18; (2) a second polypeptide chain, comprising a heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) of an anti-CD22 antibody and a cytotoxin directly or indirectly linked to the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H), wherein the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4 or an amino acid sequence homologue thereof having at least 75% identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4.

2. The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid sequence homologue in the first polypeptide chain has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18; preferably, the amino acid sequence homologue comprises the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO. 31, SEQ ID NO. 32 and SEQ ID NO. 33, and has the same amino acid residues as those in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18 at positions 3, 5, 36, 37, 47, 48, 49, 50, 65, 67, 69, 70 and 72 corresponding to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 14, but is not the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 14; preferably, the amino acid sequence homologue in the second polypeptide chain has at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4; preferably, the amino acid sequence homologue comprises the amino acid sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO. 28, SEQ ID NO. 29 and SEQ ID NO. 30, and has the same amino acid residues as those in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4 at positions 3, 48, 49, 50, 69, 71, 73, 75, and 80 corresponding to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 2, but is not the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 2.

3. The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1, wherein the light chain variable region (V.sub.L) in the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; and the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) in the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; or the light chain variable region (V.sub.L) in the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 18 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; and the heavy chain variable region (VH) in the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; or the light chain variable region (V.sub.L) in the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; and the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) in the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 4 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; preferably, in the recombinant immunotoxin, the light chain variable region (V.sub.L) in the first polypeptide chain and the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) in the second polypeptide chain are covalently linked, e.g., via a disulfide bond; preferably, the cytotoxin in the second polypeptide chain is pseudomonas exotoxin A or a mutant or fragment of the pseudomonas exotoxin A with cytotoxicity retained; preferably, the mutant or fragment of the pseudomonas exotoxin A is PE40, PE38, PE35, PE24, mPE24, T19, T20, or M11.

4. The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1, wherein in the second polypeptide chain, the cytotoxin is fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) of the anti-CD22 antibody; preferably, the N-terminus of the cytotoxin is fused, directly or via a linker, to the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H); preferably, the first polypeptide chain further comprises a kappa light chain constant region, preferably a human kappa light chain constant region fused to the C-terminus of the light chain variable region (V.sub.L); alternatively, the second polypeptide chain further comprises a heavy chain constant region CH1, preferably a human heavy chain constant region CH1 fused to the C-terminus of the heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H).

5. The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1, wherein the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof, and the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 9 or the amino acid sequence homolog thereof; or the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 18 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof, and the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 9 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof; or the first polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof, and the second polypeptide chain comprises the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 10 or the amino acid sequence homologue thereof.

6. A nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the first polypeptide chain in the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1 and/or a nucleotide sequence encoding the second polypeptide chain in the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin.

7. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6.

8. A host cell transformed or transfected with the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6 or a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule.

9. A composition comprising the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1.

10. (canceled)

11. A method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to claim 1 or a composition comprising the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin.

12. A humanized anti-CD22 antibody or antibody fragment, the antibody or antibody fragment comprising a heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H) and a light chain variable region (V.sub.L), wherein the heavy chin variable region (V.sub.H) comprises a amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4 or an amino acid sequence homologue thereof having at least 75% identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3 or SEQ ID NO. 4, and the light chain variable region (V.sub.L) comprises an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18 or an amino acid sequence homologue thereof having at least 75% identity to the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 16 or SEQ ID NO. 18.

13. A method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof one of: the nucleic acid molecule according to claim 6; or a vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule; or a host cell transformed or transfected with the nucleic acid molecule or the vector.

14. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 11, wherein the CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor is a lymphoma or leukemia with high CD22 expression.

15. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 14, wherein the lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a small lymphocytic lymphoma, or a mantle cell lymphoma; and the leukemia is a chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a hairy cell leukemia, or an acute lymphocytic leukemia.

16. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 11, wherein the subject is a mammal.

17. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 16, wherein the mammal is a human or non-human primate, a dog, a cat, a cow, a pig, a sheep, a horse, a murine, or a rabbit.

18. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 13, wherein the CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor is a lymphoma or leukemia with high CD22 expression.

19. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 18, wherein the lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a small lymphocytic lymphoma, or a mantle cell lymphoma; and the leukemia is a chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a hairy cell leukemia, or an acute lymphocytic leukemia.

20. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 13, wherein the subject is a mammal.

21. The method for treating a CD22-related B-cell malignant tumor according to claim 20, wherein the mammal is a human or non-human primate, a dog, a cat, a cow, a pig, a sheep, a horse, a murine, or a rabbit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached figures, in which:

[0054] FIG. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to the present invention.

[0055] FIG. 2 shows the alignment results of different versions of humanized sequences performed in the present disclosure, in which panel 2A: VH; panel 2B: VL.

[0056] FIG. 3 shows the expression plasmid maps of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to the present invention, in which panel 3A: the expression plasmid of the first polypeptide chain; panel 3B: the expression plasmid of the second polypeptide chain.

[0057] FIG. 4 shows the PK profiles of anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins, in which panel 4A: HA22; panel 4B: H1L2.

[0058] FIG. 5 shows the tumor suppression efficacy of anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0059] As introduced in the present disclosure, a humanization strategy was employed to optimize the Fv region of the anti-CD22 portion of HA22 to better resemble those of human counterparts, and thus potentially reduce the immunogenicity of the Fv portion of the immunotoxin in human. The reduced immunogenicity could prevent the generation of undesirable neutralizing anti-drug antibody (ADA) and contribute to better pharmacokinetics profiles when used in clinics.

[0060] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin, comprising a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody fragment fused with truncated pseudomonas exotoxin A. Specifically, the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin is a heterodimer comprised of a kappa light chain V region (a first polypeptide chain) and a heavy chain V region linked by one disulfide bond, wherein the heavy chain V region is fused with a truncated pseudomonas exotoxin A (a second polypeptide chain). The schematic diagram of the recombinant immunotoxin is shown in FIG. 1, in which the truncated pseudomonas exotoxin A is illustratively PE38.

[0061] According to the present invention, the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin binds to CD22 receptor on the malignant B-cell surface to deliver the toxin moiety e.g., PE38 directly to tumor cells. Upon internalization, the toxin part catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of the diphthamide residue in elongation factor-2 (EF-2), resulting in the rapid fall in levels of the anti-apoptotic protein myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), leading to apoptotic cell death. The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to the present invention can be produced in, for example, an enhanced BL21 derivative strain (T7 Express) containing an expression plasmid harboring nucleotide sequence coding for the first polypeptide chain and an expression plasmid harboring nucleotide sequence coding for the second polypeptide chain.

[0062] The resulting strain is resistant to kanamycin and the production of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin is induced by Isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The product is expressed as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies can be recovered and then refolded in vitro to form a heterodimer. The refolded protein can be then purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by anion exchange chromatography. The purified protein is finally concentrated and diafiltered into a buffer prepared for storage.

[0063] The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin according to the present invention is a humanized version of HA22, and therefore is expected to interact with CD22 expressing cells via identical/similar mechanism of action(s). In vitro and in vivo assays were designed to assess immunotoxin molecules' CD22 binding affinity, cytotoxicity in CD22-expressing cells, pharmacokinetics and tumor suppression efficacy. HA22 used in the studies was manufactured in-house using the same production process as that of the recombinant immunotoxin.

[0064] In the present disclosure, the interaction between the antibody fragment of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin of the present invention and the CD22 receptor was determined in in vitro binding assay; and the growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death effects of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin were examined in cell-based assay. Further, the pharmacokinetic and tumor suppression efficacy of the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin of the present invention were determined in in vivo studies performed.

[0065] Sequences used in the present disclosure are as follows:

TABLE-US-00001 SEQ ID NO. 1: PE38 polypeptide sequence KASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVEGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 2: HA22, VH polypeptide sequence (HA22 V.sub.H) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLK LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ TPEKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDTVKGRFT ISRDNAKNTL YLQMSSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTLV TVSA SEQ ID NO. 3: Version 1 VH polypeptide sequence (V.sub.H ver 1) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ APGKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSS SEQ ID NO. 4: Version 2 VH polypeptide sequence (V.sub.H ver 2) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ TPEKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSS SEQ ID NO. 5: Version 3 VH polypeptide sequence (V.sub.H ver 3) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVS YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRAG DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSS SEQ ID NO. 6: Version 4 VH polypeptide sequence (V.sub.H ver 4) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVS YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRAG DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSS SEQ ID NO. 7: Version 5 VH polypeptide sequence (V.sub.H ver 5) MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRSE DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSS SEQ ID NO. 8: HA22 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLK LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ TPEKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDTVKGRFT ISRDNAKNTL YLQMSSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTLV TVSAKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVEGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 9: Version 1 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ APGKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSSKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVEGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 10: Version 2 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWVRQ TPEKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPDSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLKSE DTAMYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSSKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVFGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 11: Version 3 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVS YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRAG DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSSKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVFGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 12: Version 4 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRAG DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSSKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGIGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVEGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 13: Version 5 VH-PE38 polypeptide sequence MEVQLVESGG GLVKPGGSLR LSCAASGFAF SIYDMSWIRQ APGKCLEWVA YISSGGGTTY YPGSVKGRFT ISRENAKNSL YLQMNSLRSE DTAVYYCARH SGYGTHWGVL FAYWGQGTMV TVSSKASGGP EGGSLAALTA HQACHLPLET FTRHRQPRGW EQLEQCGYPV QRLVALYLAA RLSWNQVDQV IRNALASPGS GGDLGEAIRE QPEQARLALT LAAAESERFV RQGTGNDEAG AANGPADSGD ALLERNYPTG AEFLGDGGDV SFSTRGTQNW TVERLLQAHR QLEERGYVFV GYHGTFLEAA QSIVFGGVRA RSQDLDAIWR GFYIAGDPAL AYGYAQDQEP DARGRIRNGA LLRVYVPRSS LPGFYRTSLT LAAPEAAGEV ERLIGHPLPL RLDAITGPEE EGGRLETILG WPLAERTVVI PSAIPTDPRN VGGDLDPSSI PDKEQAISAL PDYASQPGKP PREDLK SEQ ID NO. 14: HA22, VL polypeptide sequence (HA22 V.sub.L) MDIQMTQTTS SLSASLGDRV TISCRASQDI SNYLNWYQQK PDGTVKLLIY YTSILHSGVP SRFSGSGSGT DYSLTISNLE QEDFATYFCQ QGNTLPWTFG CGTKLEIK SEQ ID NO. 15: Version 1 VL polypeptide sequence (V.sub.L ver 1) MDIQMTQSPS TLSASVGDRV TITCRASQDI SNYLNWYQQR PGQSVKLLIY YTSILHSGVP SRFSGSGSGT DYTLTISSLQ PEDFATYFCQ QGNTLPWTFG CGTKVEIK SEQ ID NO. 16: Version 2 VL polypeptide sequence (V.sub.L ver 2) MDIQMTQSTS TLSASVGDRV TITCRASQDI SNYLNWYQQR PDGSVKLLIY YTSILHSGVP SRFSGSGSGT DYTLTISSLQ DEDFATYFCQ QGNTLPWTFG CGTKVEIK SEQ ID NO. 17: Version 3 VL polypeptide sequence (V.sub.L ver 3) MDIQMTQSPS TLSASVGDRV TITCRASQDI SNYLNWFQQR PGQSPRRLIY YTSILHSGVP SRFSGSGSGT DYTLTISSLQ PEDFATYYCQ QGNTLPWTFG CGTKVEIK SEQ ID NO. 18: Version 4 VL polypeptide sequence (V.sub.L ver 4) MDIQMTQSPS TLSASVGDRV TITCRASQDI SNYLNWFQQR PGQSPRLLIY YTSILHSGVP SRFSGSGSGT DYTLTISSLQ PEDFATYYCQ QGNTLPWTFG  CGTKVEIK SEQ ID NO. 19: Version 1 VH-PE38 DNA sequence ATGGAAGTGCAGCTGGTGGAATCCGGCGGAGGCCTGGTCAAGCCCGGCGGCTCTC TGAGACTGTCCTGCGCTGCTTCTGGCTTCGCCTTCTCCATCTACGACATGTCCTGGG TCAGACAGGCCCCTGGCAAGTGCCTGGAATGGGTGGCCTACATCTCCTCTGGCGGA GGCACCACCTACTACCCTGACTCCGTGAAGGGCAGATTCACCATCTCTAGAGAGAA CGCCAAGAACAGCCTGTACCTGCAGATGAACTCCCTGAAGTCCGAGGACACCGCCA TGTACTACTGCGCCAGACACTCCGGCTACGGCACACACTGGGGCGTGCTGTTCGCT TACTGGGGCCAGGGCACCATGGTGACCGTGTCCTCCAAAGCGTCAGGCGGTCCGG AAGGCGGTTCGCTGGCAGCTCTGACCGCACATCAGGCATGCCACCTGCCGCTGGAA ACCTTTACCCGCCATCGTCAACCGCGCGGCTGGGAACAGCTGGAACAATGTGGTTA TCCGGTGCAGCGCCTGGTTGCCCTGTACCTGGCCGCACGTCTGAGCTGGAACCAGG TTGATCAAGTCATTCGTAATGCGCTGGCATCACCGGGCTCGGGCGGTGACCTGGGT GAAGCAATCCGCGAACAGCCGGAACAAGCGCGCCTGGCCCTGACCCTGGCAGCTG CGGAATCCGAACGCTTTGTGCGTCAGGGCACCGGTAATGATGAAGCCGGTGCAGCA AATGGTCCGGCTGATTCAGGTGACGCGCTGCTGGAACGCAACTATCCGACGGGCGC CGAATTTCTGGGTGATGGCGGTGACGTGAGTTTCTCCACCCGCGGCACGCAGAATT GGACCGTTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGGCGCATCGCCAACTGGAAGAACGTGGTTATGTT TTTGTCGGCTATCATGGCACCTTTCTGGAAGCTGCGCAGTCGATTGTCTTTGGCGGT GTGCGTGCACGCAGCCAGGATCTGGATGCAATTTGGCGCGGCTTCTACATCGCAGG TGATCCGGCTCTGGCGTATGGCTACGCTCAGGATCAAGAACCGGATGCGCGTGGCC GCATCCGTAATGGTGCCCTGCTGCGTGTGTATGTTCCGCGTTCATCGCTGCCGGGTT TTTACCGTACCTCTCTGACCCTGGCGGCACCGGAAGCTGCCGGCGAAGTGGAACGC CTGATTGGTCACCCGCTGCCGCTGCGTCTGGATGCAATCACCGGTCCGGAAGAAGA AGGCGGCCGTCTGGAAACGATTCTGGGTTGGCCGCTGGCCGAACGTACCGTGGTTA TTCCGAGCGCAATCCCGACGGACCCGCGCAATGTTGGCGGTGATCTGGACCCGAGC TCTATTCCGGATAAAGAACAGGCCATCTCCGCACTGCCGGACTATGCGTCACAACCG GGCAAACCGCCGCGTGAAGACCTGAAA SEQ ID NO. 20: Version 2 VH-PE38 DNA sequence ATGGAAGTGCAGCTGGTGGAATCCGGCGGAGGCCTGGTCAAGCCCGGCGGCTCTC TGAGACTGTCCTGCGCTGCTTCTGGCTTCGCCTTCTCCATCTACGACATGTCCTGGG TCAGACAGACCCCTGAAAAGTGCCTGGAATGGGTGGCCTACATCTCCTCTGGCGGA GGCACCACCTACTACCCTGACTCCGTGAAGGGCAGATTCACCATCTCTAGAGAGAA CGCCAAGAACAGCCTGTACCTGCAGATGAACTCCCTGAAGTCCGAGGACACCGCCA TGTACTACTGCGCCAGACACTCCGGCTACGGCACACACTGGGGCGTGCTGTTCGCT TACTGGGGCCAGGGCACCATGGTGACCGTGTCCTCCAAAGCGTCAGGCGGTCCGG AAGGCGGTTCGCTGGCAGCTCTGACCGCACATCAGGCATGCCACCTGCCGCTGGAA ACCTTTACCCGCCATCGTCAACCGCGCGGCTGGGAACAGCTGGAACAATGTGGTTA TCCGGTGCAGCGCCTGGTTGCCCTGTACCTGGCCGCACGTCTGAGCTGGAACCAGG TTGATCAAGTCATTCGTAATGCGCTGGCATCACCGGGCTCGGGCGGTGACCTGGGT GAAGCAATCCGCGAACAGCCGGAACAAGCGCGCCTGGCCCTGACCCTGGCAGCTG CGGAATCCGAACGCTTTGTGCGTCAGGGCACCGGTAATGATGAAGCCGGTGCAGCA AATGGTCCGGCTGATTCAGGTGACGCGCTGCTGGAACGCAACTATCCGACGGGCGC CGAATTTCTGGGTGATGGCGGTGACGTGAGTTTCTCCACCCGCGGCACGCAGAATT GGACCGTTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGGCGCATCGCCAACTGGAAGAACGTGGTTATGTT TTTGTCGGCTATCATGGCACCTTTCTGGAAGCTGCGCAGTCGATTGTCTTTGGCGGT GTGCGTGCACGCAGCCAGGATCTGGATGCAATTTGGCGCGGCTTCTACATCGCAGG TGATCCGGCTCTGGCGTATGGCTACGCTCAGGATCAAGAACCGGATGCGCGTGGCC GCATCCGTAATGGTGCCCTGCTGCGTGTGTATGTTCCGCGTTCATCGCTGCCGGGTT TTTACCGTACCTCTCTGACCCTGGCGGCACCGGAAGCTGCCGGCGAAGTGGAACGC CTGATTGGTCACCCGCTGCCGCTGCGTCTGGATGCAATCACCGGTCCGGAAGAAGA AGGCGGCCGTCTGGAAACGATTCTGGGTTGGCCGCTGGCCGAACGTACCGTGGTTA TTCCGAGCGCAATCCCGACGGACCCGCGCAATGTTGGCGGTGATCTGGACCCGAGC TCTATTCCGGATAAAGAACAGGCCATCTCCGCACTGCCGGACTATGCGTCACAACCG GGCAAACCGCCGCGTGAAGACCTGAAA SEQ ID NO. 21: Version 3 VH-PE38 DNA sequence ATGGAAGTGCAGCTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGCGGTCTGGTGAAACCGGGCGGTAGCC TGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCGAGCGGTTTCGCGTTTAGCATCTACGACATGAGCTGG ATTCGTCAAGCGCCGGGCAAATGCCTGGAGTGGGTGAGCTATATCAGCAGCGGCGG TGGCACCACCTACTATCCGGGTAGCGTTAAGGGCCGTTTCACCATTAGCCGTGAAAA CGCGAAAAACAGCCTGTACCTGCAGATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGGTGATACCGCTG TGTACTATTGCGCGCGTCACAGCGGTTACGGCACCCACTGGGGCGTTCTGTTTGCGT ATTGGGGTCAAGGCACCATGGTGACCGTTAGCAGCAAAGCGTCAGGCGGTCCGGA AGGCGGTTCGCTGGCAGCTCTGACCGCACATCAGGCATGCCACCTGCCGCTGGAAA CCTTTACCCGCCATCGTCAACCGCGCGGCTGGGAACAGCTGGAACAATGTGGTTAT CCGGTGCAGCGCCTGGTTGCCCTGTACCTGGCCGCACGTCTGAGCTGGAACCAGGT TGATCAAGTCATTCGTAATGCGCTGGCATCACCGGGCTCGGGCGGTGACCTGGGTG AAGCAATCCGCGAACAGCCGGAACAAGCGCGCCTGGCCCTGACCCTGGCAGCTGC GGAATCCGAACGCTTTGTGCGTCAGGGCACCGGTAATGATGAAGCCGGTGCAGCAA ATGGTCCGGCTGATTCAGGTGACGCGCTGCTGGAACGCAACTATCCGACGGGCGCC GAATTTCTGGGTGATGGCGGTGACGTGAGTTTCTCCACCCGCGGCACGCAGAATTG GACCGTTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGGCGCATCGCCAACTGGAAGAACGTGGTTATGTTT TTGTCGGCTATCATGGCACCTTTCTGGAAGCTGCGCAGTCGATTGTCTTTGGCGGTG TGCGTGCACGCAGCCAGGATCTGGATGCAATTTGGCGCGGCTTCTACATCGCAGGT GATCCGGCTCTGGCGTATGGCTACGCTCAGGATCAAGAACCGGATGCGCGTGGCCG CATCCGTAATGGTGCCCTGCTGCGTGTGTATGTTCCGCGTTCATCGCTGCCGGGTTTT TACCGTACCTCTCTGACCCTGGCGGCACCGGAAGCTGCCGGCGAAGTGGAACGCCT GATTGGTCACCCGCTGCCGCTGCGTCTGGATGCAATCACCGGTCCGGAAGAAGAAG GCGGCCGTCTGGAAACGATTCTGGGTTGGCCGCTGGCCGAACGTACCGTGGTTATT CCGAGCGCAATCCCGACGGACCCGCGCAATGTTGGCGGTGATCTGGACCCGAGCTC TATTCCGGATAAAGAACAGGCCATCTCCGCACTGCCGGACTATGCGTCACAACCGG GCAAACCGCCGCGTGAAGACCTGAAA SEQ ID NO. 22: Version 4 VH-PE38 DNA sequence ATGGAAGTGCAGCTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGCGGTCTGGTGAAACCGGGCGGTAGCC TGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCGAGCGGTTTCGCGTTTAGCATCTACGACATGAGCTGG ATTCGTCAAGCGCCGGGCAAATGCCTGGAGTGGGTGGCGTATATCAGCAGCGGCGG TGGCACCACCTACTATCCGGGTAGCGTTAAGGGCCGTTTCACCATTAGCCGTGAAAA CGCGAAAAACAGCCTGTACCTGCAGATGAACAGCCTGCGTGCGGGTGATACCGCTG TGTACTATTGCGCGCGTCACAGCGGTTACGGCACCCACTGGGGCGTTCTGTTTGCGT ATTGGGGTCAAGGCACCATGGTGACCGTTAGCAGCAAAGCGTCAGGCGGTCCGGA AGGCGGTTCGCTGGCAGCTCTGACCGCACATCAGGCATGCCACCTGCCGCTGGAAA CCTTTACCCGCCATCGTCAACCGCGCGGCTGGGAACAGCTGGAACAATGTGGTTAT CCGGTGCAGCGCCTGGTTGCCCTGTACCTGGCCGCACGTCTGAGCTGGAACCAGGT TGATCAAGTCATTCGTAATGCGCTGGCATCACCGGGCTCGGGCGGTGACCTGGGTG AAGCAATCCGCGAACAGCCGGAACAAGCGCGCCTGGCCCTGACCCTGGCAGCTGC GGAATCCGAACGCTTTGTGCGTCAGGGCACCGGTAATGATGAAGCCGGTGCAGCAA ATGGTCCGGCTGATTCAGGTGACGCGCTGCTGGAACGCAACTATCCGACGGGCGCC GAATTTCTGGGTGATGGCGGTGACGTGAGTTTCTCCACCCGCGGCACGCAGAATTG GACCGTTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGGCGCATCGCCAACTGGAAGAACGTGGTTATGTTT TTGTCGGCTATCATGGCACCTTTCTGGAAGCTGCGCAGTCGATTGTCTTTGGCGGTG TGCGTGCACGCAGCCAGGATCTGGATGCAATTTGGCGCGGCTTCTACATCGCAGGT GATCCGGCTCTGGCGTATGGCTACGCTCAGGATCAAGAACCGGATGCGCGTGGCCG CATCCGTAATGGTGCCCTGCTGCGTGTGTATGTTCCGCGTTCATCGCTGCCGGGTTTT TACCGTACCTCTCTGACCCTGGCGGCACCGGAAGCTGCCGGCGAAGTGGAACGCCT GATTGGTCACCCGCTGCCGCTGCGTCTGGATGCAATCACCGGTCCGGAAGAAGAAG GCGGCCGTCTGGAAACGATTCTGGGTTGGCCGCTGGCCGAACGTACCGTGGTTATT CCGAGCGCAATCCCGACGGACCCGCGCAATGTTGGCGGTGATCTGGACCCGAGCTC TATTCCGGATAAAGAACAGGCCATCTCCGCACTGCCGGACTATGCGTCACAACCGG GCAAACCGCCGCGTGAAGACCTGAAA SEQ ID NO. 23: Version 5 VH-PE38 DNA sequence ATGGAAGTGCAGCTGGTTGAAAGCGGTGGCGGTCTGGTGAAACCGGGCGGTAGCC TGCGTCTGAGCTGCGCGGCGAGCGGTTTCGCGTTTAGCATCTACGACATGAGCTGG ATTCGTCAAGCGCCGGGCAAATGCCTGGAGTGGGTGGCGTATATCAGCAGCGGCGG TGGCACCACCTACTATCCGGGTAGCGTTAAGGGCCGTTTCACCATTAGCCGTGAAAA CGCGAAAAACAGCCTGTACCTGCAGATGAACAGCCTGCGTTCTGAGGATACCGCTG TGTACTATTGCGCGCGTCACAGCGGTTACGGCACCCACTGGGGCGTTCTGTTTGCGT ATTGGGGTCAAGGCACCATGGTGACCGTTAGCAGCAAAGCGTCAGGCGGTCCGGA AGGCGGTTCGCTGGCAGCTCTGACCGCACATCAGGCATGCCACCTGCCGCTGGAAA CCTTTACCCGCCATCGTCAACCGCGCGGCTGGGAACAGCTGGAACAATGTGGTTAT CCGGTGCAGCGCCTGGTTGCCCTGTACCTGGCCGCACGTCTGAGCTGGAACCAGGT TGATCAAGTCATTCGTAATGCGCTGGCATCACCGGGCTCGGGCGGTGACCTGGGTG AAGCAATCCGCGAACAGCCGGAACAAGCGCGCCTGGCCCTGACCCTGGCAGCTGC GGAATCCGAACGCTTTGTGCGTCAGGGCACCGGTAATGATGAAGCCGGTGCAGCAA ATGGTCCGGCTGATTCAGGTGACGCGCTGCTGGAACGCAACTATCCGACGGGCGCC GAATTTCTGGGTGATGGCGGTGACGTGAGTTTCTCCACCCGCGGCACGCAGAATTG GACCGTTGAACGTCTGCTGCAGGCGCATCGCCAACTGGAAGAACGTGGTTATGTTT TTGTCGGCTATCATGGCACCTTTCTGGAAGCTGCGCAGTCGATTGTCTTTGGCGGTG TGCGTGCACGCAGCCAGGATCTGGATGCAATTTGGCGCGGCTTCTACATCGCAGGT GATCCGGCTCTGGCGTATGGCTACGCTCAGGATCAAGAACCGGATGCGCGTGGCCG CATCCGTAATGGTGCCCTGCTGCGTGTGTATGTTCCGCGTTCATCGCTGCCGGGTTTT TACCGTACCTCTCTGACCCTGGCGGCACCGGAAGCTGCCGGCGAAGTGGAACGCCT GATTGGTCACCCGCTGCCGCTGCGTCTGGATGCAATCACCGGTCCGGAAGAAGAAG GCGGCCGTCTGGAAACGATTCTGGGTTGGCCGCTGGCCGAACGTACCGTGGTTATT CCGAGCGCAATCCCGACGGACCCGCGCAATGTTGGCGGTGATCTGGACCCGAGCTC TATTCCGGATAAAGAACAGGCCATCTCCGCACTGCCGGACTATGCGTCACAACCGG GCAAACCGCCGCGTGAAGACCTGAAA SEQ ID NO. 24: Version 1 VL DNA sequence ATGGACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTCCTTCTACACTGTCTGCTTCTGTGGGCGACAGA GTGACCATCACCTGCAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCTCCAACTACCTGAACTGGTACCA GCAGAGACCTGGCCAGTCCGTGAAGCTGCTGATCTACTACACCTCCATCCTGCACT CCGGCGTGCCTTCCAGATTCTCCGGCTCTGGATCTGGCACCGACTACACCCTGACCA TCTCCTCCCTGCAGCCTGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTTCTGCCAGCAGGGCAACACC CTGCCTTGGACCTTCGGCTGCGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG SEQ ID NO. 25: Version 2 VL DNA sequence ATGGACATCCAGATGACCCAGTCTACTTCTACACTGTCTGCTTCTGTGGGCGACAGA GTGACCATCACCTGCAGAGCCTCTCAGGACATCTCCAACTACCTGAACTGGTACCA GCAGAGACCTGATGGCTCCGTGAAGCTGCTGATCTACTACACCTCCATCCTGCACTC CGGCGTGCCTTCCAGATTCTCCGGCTCTGGATCTGGCACCGACTACACCCTGACCAT CTCCTCCCTGCAGGATGAGGACTTCGCCACCTACTTCTGCCAGCAGGGCAACACCC TGCCTTGGACCTTCGGCTGCGGCACCAAGGTGGAAATCAAG SEQ ID NO. 26: Version 3 VL DNA sequence ATGGACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCGAGCACCCTGAGCGCGAGCGTGGGCGACC GTGTTACCATCACCTGCCGTGCGAGCCAGGATATTAGCAACTACCTGAACTGGTTTC AACAACGTCCGGGTCAAAGCCCGCGTCGTCTGATCTACTATACCAGCATTCTGCACA GCGGTGTGCCGAGCCGTTTTAGCGGTAGCGGCAGCGGTACCGACTATACCCTGACC ATCAGCAGCCTGCAGCCGGAGGATTTCGCGACCTACTATTGCCAGCAGGGTAACAC CCTGCCGTGGACCTTTGGCTGCGGTACCAAGGTTGAAATTAAA SEQ ID NO. 27: Version 3 VL DNA sequence ATGGACATCCAGATGACCCAGAGCCCGAGCACCCTGAGCGCGAGCGTGGGCGACC GTGTTACCATCACCTGCCGTGCGAGCCAGGATATTAGCAACTACCTGAACTGGTTTC AACAACGTCCGGGTCAAAGCCCGCGTctgCTGATCTACTATACCAGCATTCTGCACAG CGGTGTGCCGAGCCGTTTTAGCGGTAGCGGCAGCGGTACCGACTATACCCTGACCA TCAGCAGCCTGCAGCCGGAGGATTTCGCGACCTACTATTGCCAGCAGGGTAACACC CTGCCGTGGACCTTTGGCTGCGGTACCAAGGTTGAAATTAAA SEQ ID NO. 28: HA22, H-CDR1 GFAFSIYD SEQ ID NO. 29: HA22, H-CDR2 ISSGGGTTY SEQ ID NO. 30: HA22, H-CDR3 CARHSGYGTHWGVLFAY SEQ ID NO. 31: HA22, L-CDR1 QDISNY SEQ ID NO. 32: HA22, L-CDR2 YTSILHSG SEQ ID NO. 33: HA22, L-CDR3 QQGNTLP

[0066] The present invention is illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

[0067] Experimental procedures in the following examples are all conventional ones, unless otherwise specified. Raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1: Humanization Design

[0068] A framework shuffling strategy was used to alter amino acids in the framework regions of heavy chain variable region (V.sub.H, SEQ ID NO. 2) and light chain variable region (V.sub.L, SEQ ID NO. 14) from the original murine to human ones. All the CDRs, which were determined using both the Kabat and Chothia numbering systems and the online tool (http://www.bioinf.org.uk/abs/), were left unchanged. Each of the framework and J regions in both the VH and VL of HA22 was aligned to the human antibody germline sequences in the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® (IMGT: http://www.imgt.org) for the closest human antibody matches. Murine residues that were deemed Vernier residues or important for VH/VL interactions were not changed.sup.[26] to preserve the specificity and affinity towards CD22.

[0069] A panel of humanization designs were prepared and evaluated to select the final candidate that possessed maximum humanization while maintaining optimal affinity and efficacy profile. The updated VH and VL formed a disulfide-linked Fv portion of anti-CD22 antibody fused to a Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38, SEQ ID NO. 1) (FIG. 1).

[0070] The alignment revealed a combination of human germline sequences framework 1 of IGHV3-15*01, framework 2 of IGHV3-11*04, framework 3 of IGHV3-13*01, and framework 4 of IGHJ3*02 would provide humanized frameworks most closely resembling those of VH of HA22; and similarly a combination of framework 1 of IGKV1-5*01, framework 2 of IGKV2D-30*01, framework 3 of IGKV1D-43*01, and framework 4 of IGKJ1*01 would provide humanized frameworks most closely resembling those of VL of HA22. The Vernier residues were reverted to the original murine residues after rounds of iterations to show that they were critical for antigen bindings.

[0071] The sequence alignment provided in FIG. 2 shows examples of the humanization process. In the alignment, HA22VH and HA22VL are the Fv fragments used in HA22. Version 3 (V3) is the fully humanized VH and VL versions. Version 1, 2, 4, and 5 (V1, V2, V4, and V5) are different versions of designs that have critical residues reverted to murine ones to restore lost activities. Residues shaded are Vernier residues. Residues underlined are in CDRs based on IMGT criteria.

Example 2: Production of the Humanized Anti-CD22 Recombinant Immunotoxin

[0072] Expression plasmids capable of expressing different VL humanized versions (the first polypeptide chains) were constructed. In addition, 5′ terminus of the nucleotide sequence coding for PE38 was linked to 3′ terminus of the nucleotide sequence coding for each of the different VH humanized versions respectively to form a single nucleotide chain, with which expression plasmids capable of expressing the second polypeptide chains were constructed. Schematic diagrams are shown in FIG. 3 (synthesized and constructed by Genscript according to the designs).

[0073] The humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins provided in the present disclosure were produced in an enhanced BL21 derivative strain (T7 Express) using the expression plasmids of the first and second polypeptide chains.

[0074] 1. Fermentation

[0075] The first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain seed cultures were prepared, respectively, in a fermentation medium containing 30 g soytone, 30 g yeast extract, 40 g glycerol, 2 g NH.sub.4Cl, 2 g (NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4, 0.973 g MgSO.sub.4, 3 g glucose, and 1 g NaCl per L. The seed cultures were incubated at 37° C., 250 RPM for 12-16 hours. The fermentation runs for the first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain were performed using a New Brunswick BioFlo 3000 Fermentor. The fermentor was inoculated at 2% with the respective first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain seed. The pH was set at 6.9 and controlled during the run by addition of ammonia (NH.sub.3⋅H.sub.2O). The dissolved oxygen (DO) was set at 30% and controlled by agitation, aeration and oxygen supplementation. The vessel pressure was set at 2 psi. The cell density (OD600) and glucose concentrations, together with pH, DO, and temperature, were monitored hourly during the run. Four hours post inoculation, at OD600 8-9, the glucose in the medium was depleted and additional glucose was fed into the fermentor. The glucose feeding lasted for an hour, with a total volume of 1.7% of original medium volume. The additional glucose was exhausted at around 5.5 hours after inoculation. 0.1% volume of 1 M IPTG was then added to start the induction/expression phase. During the induction stage, pH was allowed to increase gradually to 7.0. Three hours post induction, the cells were harvested by centrifugation at 8,000×g, at 4° C., for 20 minutes to remove the medium. The cell paste was stored at −80° C. before processing.

[0076] 2. Recovery and Refolding

[0077] The first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain inclusion bodies were isolated by disrupting the cells using a high-pressure homogenizer. The lysate pellet containing the inclusion body was then purified through several washing steps with centrifugation and detergent to remove cell debris and soluble impurities.

[0078] The washed inclusion bodies were resuspended in a solubilization buffer (50 mM ethanolamine, 8 M Urea, 0.5 M arginine, 2 mM EDTA, 10 mM DTT, pH 9.3) containing a strong denaturant (8 M urea) and a reducing agent (10 mM DTT) to keep all cysteines in the reduced state and cleave disulfide bonds formed during the preparation. Solubilization was performed at 2-8° C. with stirring to facilitate the solubilization process for >2 hours. After solubilization, the inclusion body solution was centrifuged at 13,000×g for 30 minutes and the supernatant containing the solubilized inclusion body was filtered to remove the remaining aggregates and insoluble impurities.

[0079] Total protein concentrations were determined based on A280 reading and percentages of the first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain were estimated by densitometry analysis of SDS-PAGE gel. The first polypeptide chain and second polypeptide chain were then mixed at 1:1 molar ratio, diluted to 10 mg/mL with solubilization buffer, and fed into the refolding buffer (50 mM ethanolamine, 0.5 M arginine, 2 mM EDTA, 0.9 mM oxidized glutathione, pH 9.4) at a 1:10 ratio continuously over a 24-hour period and incubated at 2-8° C. for an additional 48-72 hours. The refolding reaction was stopped by adjusting the pH to ˜7.40. The refolded protein was then concentrated and prepared for column purification by tangential flow filtration.

[0080] 3. Phenyl HP Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography

[0081] Phenyl HP hydrophobic interaction chromatography was carried out in a chromatography column with 17 cm bench height (GE Healthcare, Marlborough, MA USA). All runs were conducted using an AKTA avant liquid chromatography system from GE Healthcare (Marlborough, MA USA) and the column was operated at 95 cm/hr. The column was equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.6 M Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, pH 7.4. Load was prepared by diluting 1 part (by weight) protein solution with 1 part 20 mM Tris-HCl, 1.2 M Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, pH 7.4. After loading, the column was washed with equilibration buffer and then eluted in a linear gradient of Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 from 0.6 M to 0 M over 16 column volumes. The product peak was collected in fractions.

[0082] 4. POROS HQ Anion Exchange Chromatography

[0083] POROS HQ anion exchange chromatography was carried out in a chromatography column packed to 30 cm bed height (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA USA). All runs were conducted using an AKTA avant liquid chromatography system from GE Healthcare and the column was operated at 275 cm/hr. The column was equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, loaded with protein, and then washed with equilibration buffer. The column was eluted in a linear gradient of NaCl from 0 M to 0.5 M over 25 column volumes. The product peak was collected based on absorbance criteria of 5 mAU on the leading and tailing side of the product peak.

[0084] 5. Capto Q Anion Exchange Chromatography

[0085] Capto Q anion exchange chromatography was carried out in flow-through mode in a chromatography column packed to 10 cm bed height (GE Healthcare, Marlborough, MA USA). All runs were conducted using an AKTA avant liquid chromatography system from GE Healthcare and the column was operated at 250-350 cm/hr. The column was equilibrated with 20 mM Tris-HCl, 250 mM NaCl, pH 7.4, loaded with protein, and then washed with equilibration buffer. The product peak was collected based on absorbance criteria of 5 mAU on the leading and tailing side of the product flow-through peak.

Example 3: Non-Clinical Pharmacology of the Humanized Anti-CD22 Recombinant Immunotoxins

[0086] As described in Example 2, different recombinant immunotoxins were prepared with different VH and VL humanized versions provided in the present disclosure, as well as with the VH and VL of HA22, and were named following a format “HmLn”, in which m and n is the number of the VH and VL humanized versions.

[0087] 3.1 Target Interaction

[0088] ELISA was performed with recombinant human Siglec-2/CD22 Fc chimera protein (R&D systems, Cat #1968-SL) as the immobilized antigen, which captures the humanized anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins or HA22 molecule provided in the present disclosure, and anti-Pseudomonas Exotoxin A antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat #P2318) as the secondary antibody containing the enzyme conjugate for detection.

[0089] Octet assay was performed with streptavidin (SA) biosensors (ForteBio, Cat #18-5019) conjugated with biotinylated CD22 for the K.sub.D measurement of the recombinant immunotoxins provided in the present disclosure or HA22 molecule.

[0090] As shown in Table 1, recombinant immunotoxins H1L2 (containing V.sub.H ver 1+V.sub.L ver 2) and H2L2 (containing V.sub.H ver 2+V.sub.L ver 2) showed comparable EC.sub.50 and K.sub.D to HA22.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 CD22 binding assay results Sample EC.sub.50 by ELISA K.sub.D by Octet HA22 0.47 ± 0.48 nM 4.08-5.81 nM H1L2 0.54 ± 0.24 nM 4.66-7.21 nM H2L2 0.56 ± 0.33 nM 5.01-7.02 nM

[0091] Different versions of the humanized recombinant immunotoxins were analyzed for CD22 binding affinity, as shown in Table 2 and Table 3. In Table 2, a range of EC.sub.50 by ELISA is given or presented as Mean±SD when two or no less than three batches of products were assayed in separate analyses, respectively. Results of EC.sub.50 of the humanized recombinant immunotoxins relative to HA22 are shown in Table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 CD22 binding affinity (nM) .fwdarw.Decreasing numbers of humanization changes.fwdarw. V.sub.H ver 3 V.sub.H ver 4 V.sub.H ver 5 V.sub.H ver 1 V.sub.H ver 2 HA22 V.sub.H .fwdarw.Decreasing V.sub.L ver 3 ND ND numbers of V.sub.L ver 4 6.73 2.15 0.2 humanization V.sub.L ver 1 V.sub.L ver 1, no expression changes.fwdarw. V.sub.L ver 2 0.54 ± 0.24 0.56 ± 0.33 HA22 V.sub.L 0.64 ± 0.12 0.47 ± 0.48

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 CD22 binding affinity (EC.sub.50, normalized against HA22) .fwdarw.Decreasing numbers of humanization changes.fwdarw. V.sub.H ver 3 V.sub.H ver 4 V.sub.H ver 5 V.sub.H ver 1 V.sub.H ver 2 HA22 V.sub.H .fwdarw.Decreasing V.sub.L ver 3 >>1000 >>1000     numbers of V.sub.L ver 4 39.07 12.49  1.17 humanization V.sub.L ver 1 No expression changes.fwdarw. V.sub.L ver 2 0.81 ± 0.18 1.1 HA22 V.sub.L 0.89 ± 0.05 1

[0092] 3.2 Cell-Based Potency Assay

[0093] A CD22-expressing cell model was employed in cell-based assay to evaluate the growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death effects of the humanization anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxins in the present disclosure. This is an endpoint assay using cell growth/inhibition as the indicator of potency. The cell model better mimics the in vivo condition comparing to the binding assay, in which, the CD22 binding, internalization, and ADP ribosylation of EF-2 catalyzed by PE38 are all involved to actuate the observed inhibitory effect.

[0094] In this assay, the Daudi cell line expressing a high level of CD22, was co-cultured with the recombinant immunotoxins or HA22 molecule provided in the present disclosure for a certain period of time and, at the end of the assay, live cells in the culture were quantified with a colorimetric assay. The procedure is as follows.

[0095] Daudi cells described above were cultured in RPMI-1640 complete medium, and harvested and washed with HBSS once. The cells were resuspended in RPMI-1640 medium at a density of 2.5×10.sup.5/mL, and transferred to a 96-well plate at 100 μL/well (equivalent to 2.5×10.sup.4 live cells per well). The recombinant immunotoxins or HA22 provided in the present disclosure to be detected were diluted to predetermined concentrations and serial dilutions were prepared.

[0096] 100 μL of each dilution was added to the cells in the wells, and the cells were incubated at 37° C., 5% CO.sub.2 for 48-72 hours. Afterwards, 10 μL of CCK-8 agent was added into each well of the plate which was then incubated at 37° C. for 4-8 hours. To correct for background activity, the cells were cultured in the presence of 10 μg/mL cycloheximide until 100% of the cells died.

[0097] The generation of Formazan was measured by detecting the absorbance at 450 nm. Values were normalized against cycloheximide and medium control, and the concentration of each of the humanized recombinant immunotoxins and HA22 provided in the present disclosure when 50% of the cells died was measured as EC.sub.50.

[0098] Different versions of the humanized recombinant immunotoxins were analyzed for CD22 binding affinity, as shown in Table 4 and Table 5. In Table 4, a range of EC.sub.50 is given or presented as Mean f SD when two or no less than three batches of products were assayed in separate analyses, respectively. Results of EC.sub.50 of the humanized recombinant immunotoxins relative to HA22 are shown in Table 5. As shown, the humanized recombinant immunotoxins, especially H1L2 showed comparable EC.sub.50 to HA22 in in vitro cell-based potency assay.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 In Vitro potency assay (pM) .fwdarw.Decreasing numbers of humanization changes.fwdarw. V.sub.H ver 3 V.sub.H ver 4 V.sub.H ver 5 V.sub.H ver 1 V.sub.H ver 2 HA22 V.sub.H .fwdarw.Decreasing V.sub.L ver 3 ND 57.16 numbers of V.sub.L ver 4 ND 34.85 ± 0.12 13.83 ± 0.38 V.sub.L ver 1 No expression V.sub.L ver 2  4.58 ± 1.57 4.26 ± 1.59 HA22 V.sub.L 2.72 ± 0.55

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 In Vitro potency assay (EC.sub.50, normalized against HA22) .fwdarw.Decreasing numbers of humanization changes.fwdarw. V.sub.H ver 3 V.sub.H ver 4 V.sub.H ver 5 V.sub.H ver 1 V.sub.H ver 2 HA22 V.sub.H .fwdarw.Decreasing V.sub.L ver 3 ND 4.59 numbers of V.sub.L ver 4 ND 10.7 4.12 humanization V.sub.L ver 1 V.sub.L ver 1, no expression changes.fwdarw. V.sub.L ver 2 1.32 ± 0.17 1.23 HA22 V.sub.L 1

Example 4: Non-Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism of the Humanized Anti-CD22 Recombinant Immunotoxins

[0099] 4.1 In Vivo PK Studies

[0100] A C57BL/6 mouse model (4-6 week-old, female) was used in this study. 45 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) control (formulation buffer), 2) 500 μg/kg HA22; and 3) 500 μg/kg H1L2. The control or treatment groups were given via tail vein injection, and 100 μL total blood was collected at specified time points after injection (5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 96 h) via retro orbital sampling. Three replicate animals were assigned to each time point. 50 μL plasma was recovered from the blood sample for analysis.

[0101] As shown in Table 6 and Table 7, results showed that in the mouse model H1L2 showed comparable pharmacokinetics properties to those of HA22: both molecules exhibited similar half-life (T.sub.1/2), time to reach maximum concentration (T.sub.max), maximum concentration (C.sub.max) as well as area under the curve (AUC.sub.0-4). PK profile is shown in FIG. 4.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 HA22 PK result AUC.sub.0-t T.sub.1/2 (min) T.sub.max (min) C.sub.max (ng/mL) (ng/mL × min) Replicate 1 44.38 5 1.671 × 10.sup.4 7.329 × 10.sup.5 Replicate 2 46.32 5 1.275 × 10.sup.4 6.385 × 10.sup.5 Replicate 3 57.26 5 1.863 × 10.sup.4 7.125 × 10.sup.5 Average 49.32 5 1.603 × 10.sup.4 6.947 × 10.sup.5

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 H1L2 PK result AUC.sub.0-t T.sub.1/2 (min) T.sub.max (min) C.sub.max (ng/ml) (ng/ml × min) Replicate 1 41.69 5 1.906 × 10.sup.4 7.416 × 10.sup.5 Replicate 2 41.76 5 1.581 × 10.sup.4 7.458 × 10.sup.5 Replicate 3 42.48 5 1.910 × 10.sup.4 7.474 × 10.sup.5 Average 41.98 5 1.799 × 10.sup.4 7.449 × 10.sup.5

[0102] 4.2 In Vivo Efficacy

[0103] A xenograft animal model and the C1D22-positive Raji B lymphocytes were employed for tumor establishment. Upon administration, the recombinant immunotoxin molecule enters the circulation, binds to the CD22 on the surface of the malignant B-cells, and suppresses the cell growth via the apoptotic pathways. Therefore, the inhibition of tumor growth was designated as the endpoint of the efficacy study in this Example.

[0104] An athymic NCr nude mouse model (4-6 week-old, female) was used. 25 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups as shown in Table 8. A CD-22 positive Homo sapiens lymphoblast Raji cell line (ATCC CCL-86) was used to establish the xenograft. Raji cells were subcutaneously injected at a final concentration of 5×10.sup.7 cells/mL and grown to 100-200 mm.sup.3 before any treatment. Once the xenograft tumor was established, a single dose of the treatments at the indicated dose level was given via tail vein injection. The xenograft mice were observed and measured for tumor size for 24 days after the treatment.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 5, comparing to the control group (the first group), HA22 high dose group showed 84.9% suppression of tumor growth, low dose group showed 95.8% suppression of tumor growth; and, H1L2 high dose group showed 87.7% suppression of tumor growth, low dose group showed 34.2% suppression of tumor growth. A T test was performed, and all treatments except for the humanized recombinant immunotoxin H1L2 at low dose showed significant tumor suppression efficacy (in FIG. 5, * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.005). There were no statistic differences between the high dose groups of HA22 and H1L2.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8 Efficacy study group and dosing information Group Treatment Dose level (μg/kg) No. of animals 1 Formulation buffer 0 5 2 HA22 100 5 3 HA22 300 5 4 H1L2 100 5 5 H1L2 300 5

[0106] The above description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which should fall within the scope of the appended claims.

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