Water separator intended to be integrated into a hydrogen motor of a vehicle

Abstract

A water separator intended to extract water droplets from a mixture of water droplets and dihydrogen gas previously pressurized, the water separator including a separation chamber having an inlet intended to introduce the mixture, a swirling motion setting device capable of projecting water droplets against a porous wall when the mixture is introduced into the inlet, a first outlet intended to receive hydrogen separated from the water, a collection chamber, separated from the separation chamber by a porous wall, the collection chamber having a second outlet capable of receiving water by gravity, the porous wall including a damping element capable of limiting the spreading of a water droplet projected onto the porous wall.

Claims

1. A water separator for an engine intended to extract water droplets from a mixture comprising water droplets and dihydrogen gas previously pressurized, the separator comprising: a separation chamber comprising an inlet intended to introduce the mixture, a swirling motion setting device capable of projecting water droplets against a porous wall when the mixture is introduced into the inlet a first outlet being intended to receive hydrogen separated from the water, and a collection chamber, separated from the separation chamber by a porous wall, the collection chamber comprising a second outlet capable of receiving water by gravity, wherein the porous wall comprises a damping element capable of limiting the spreading of a water droplet projected onto the porous wall.

2. The water separator according to claim 1, wherein the damping element comprises a receiving surface provided with projecting protuberances.

3. The water separator according to claim 2, wherein the receiving surface comprises openings, a protuberance being surrounded by openings.

4. The water separator according to claim 1, wherein the damping element is made of elastomer.

5. The water separator according to claim 1, wherein the porous wall comprises a frame of circular shape, the damping element being positioned on the frame, the frame comprising a plurality of radially oriented arms interconnected by orbital connecting segments.

6. The water separator according to claim 1, wherein the chambers are arranged in a cylindrical casing, the casing comprising an upper wall, a lower wall, a side wall connecting the upper wall to the lower wall, the first outlet comprising a cylindrical vent projecting from the center of the upper wall and extending within the separation chamber without reaching the porous wall.

7. The water separator according to claim 6, wherein the inlet is disposed on the side surface close to the upper wall, a tube, extending upstream of the inlet towards the vent comprising a fixed propeller, the tube being connected to a passage opening out facing the porous wall.

8. A fuel cell unit comprising the water separator according to claim 1.

9. A hydrogen engine comprising a fuel cell unit according to claim 8.

10. A motor vehicle equipped with the hydrogen engine according claim 9.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Other features and advantages of the disclosure will appear more clearly and concretely on reading the following description of embodiments, made with reference to the appended drawings in which:

[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system;

[0033] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic perspective view of a separator, represented in a partially exploded view;

[0034] FIG. 3 represents a schematic top view of the separator;

[0035] FIG. 4 represents a schematic sectional view along the plane Iv-Iv of FIG. 3;

[0036] FIG. 5 represents a detail view of the area V of FIG. 2;

[0037] FIG. 6 represents a cross-sectional schematic detail view of a porous wall of the separator along the plane Iv-Iv of FIG. 3, and a drop coming into contact with the porous wall in the figure;

[0038] FIG. 7 represents a cross-sectional schematic detail view of a porous wall of the separator along the plane Iv-Iv of FIG. 3, and a drop penetrating the porous wall;

[0039] FIG. 8 represents a schematic sectional view of the separator along the plane IV-IV of FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Reference is made to FIG. 1 which partially represents an example of a fuel cell system, intended to be integrated within a hydrogen engine (not represented) of a motorized vehicle (not represented), for example a motor vehicle, for driving an electric motor.

[0041] Such a fuel cell system is equipped with a fuel cell 100 and a water separator 1. The water separator 1 allows the separation of the water contained in a mixture coming from the fuel cell 100. This mixture comprises dihydrogen in the form of wet gas, that is to say it comprises water droplets, and is intended to be pressurized, in other words to be driven at a non-zero speed before being introduced into the water separator 1.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 1, the water separator 1 is therefore connected to the fuel cell 100, to a reservoir 200 for collecting water separated from hydrogen and to an element 300 for collecting hydrogen separated from water.

[0043] Reference is made now to FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 8 which represent an exemplary embodiment of the water separator 1. In this exemplary embodiment, the water separator 1 comprises a casing 2, for example a cylindrical casing.

[0044] In the embodiments represented, the casing 2 comprises an upper portion 3 and a lower portion 4.

[0045] As can be seen in FIG. 2, the casing 2 has a generally cylindrical rotary shape, and comprises a cylindrical side wall 5, disposed between an upper wall 6 and a lower wall 7.

[0046] The casing incorporates, for example, an inlet 8 intended to receive the mixture coming from the fuel cell 100, a first outlet 9 intended to discharge hydrogen to the hydrogen collection element 300, as well as a second outlet 10 intended to discharge water to the water collection reservoir 200. The inlet 8, the first outlet 9, the second outlet 10 are for example in the form of orifices with substantially circular rims opening into the water separator 1.

[0047] Optionally, a third outlet 33, connected to a valve (not represented) is provided, in order to regulate the pressure within the water separator 1.

[0048] As explained in more detail hereinbelow, the water droplets of the mixture introduced under pressure into the casing 2 are projected by centrifugation, thanks to a swirling motion setting device, making it possible to separate the water droplets from the dihydrogen.

[0049] More particularly, and as can be seen in FIG. 4, the casing 2 comprises a separation chamber 11 and a collection chamber 12, separated from each other by means of a porous wall 13.

[0050] The first inlet 8 opens onto such a separation chamber 11, the first outlet 9, intended to discharge dihydrogen, extending from the separation chamber 11 in order to allow its discharge towards the element 300.

[0051] The separation chamber 11 comprises at least one swirling setting device, which is described hereinbelow in the present description.

[0052] The collection chamber 12, separated from the separation chamber 11, allows the retrieval of the water droplets projected directly and indirectly against the porous wall 13. The second outlet 10 is connected to the collection chamber 12, and retrieve the water to discharge it from the fuel cell system via a dedicated circuit, not detailed herein, which may comprise a reservoir 200. In order to facilitate the discharge of water, by gravity, the second outlet 10 is disposed on the lower portion 4 of the water separator 1.

[0053] Advantageously, the porous wall 13 is positioned close to the lower wall 7. The water droplets then hit, or impact by gravity the porous wall 13 and then spread out over a receiving surface 14 of the porous wall 13. The droplets then flow through openings 15 formed in the porous wall 13. In this manner, each water droplet can pass from the separation chamber 11 to the collection chamber 12.

[0054] As can be seen in FIGS. 3 to 7, the porous wall 13 comprises a damping element 16 receiving the droplets. Such a damping element makes it possible to absorb the energy of the droplets crashing on the porous wall 13, prior to their passage within the openings 15. Such a feature has the effect of limiting the speed of the droplets during their impact on the receiving surface 14. In addition, the spreading of the droplets on the receiving surface 14 is able to be reduced. In this manner, the rebound of droplets is significantly limited, which makes it possible to improve the separation of water from the water-dihydrogen mixture entering the water separator 1.

[0055] Advantageously, the damping element 16 comprises for example the receiving surface 14, the openings 15, and is advantageously provided with a plurality of projecting protuberances 17.

[0056] Advantageously, the openings 15 are positioned on the damping element 16 between solid sections receiving the protuberances 17. In other words, the protuberances are separated from each other by openings 15. In this manner, the protuberances 17 exert a damping effect before a droplet of water penetrates an opening 15, as can be seen in FIG. 6.

[0057] Advantageously, as can be seen in FIGS. 5 to 7, the protuberances 17 have a cylindrical rotary portion 18, supplemented by a tapered end portion 19. Such a shape allows a damping of the water droplets, while allowing an easy manufacture for example by injection molding.

[0058] Advantageously, the damping element 16, in particular the protuberances 17, is made of elastomer, for example of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer). In this manner, the protuberances 17 have increased viscosity and deformation capacity, favoring the slowing down and the spreading of the water droplets crashing on the porous wall 13. In this manner, any rebound of the water droplets is limited.

[0059] Advantageously, the porous wall 13 comprises a frame 20 intended to allow its support within the water separator 1, for example on the lower portion 4.

[0060] As represented in particular in FIG. 5, the frame 20 is in the form of a plate, typically of cylindrical shape, and advantageously includes a plurality of arms 21, for example radially oriented, interconnected by orbital connecting segments 22.

[0061] Advantageously, the porous wall 13 is positioned on the lower portion 4 of the water separator 1. Such an arrangement makes it possible to reduce the bulk of the water separator 1, and to facilitate the mounting of the porous wall 13 within the water separator 1.

[0062] In order to facilitate the mounting of the porous wall 13, each of the damping element 16 and the frame 20 has a dimension complementary to a casing 23 provided in the lower portion 4.

[0063] In order to allow better retention in position, and to facilitate assembly, the lower portion 4 is, for example, provided in its center with a boss 24, of cylindrical shape, configured to cooperate by insertion with apertures 32 provided in the center of the damping element 16 and of the frame 20.

[0064] The swirling motion setting device will now be described more particularly with reference to FIGS. 4 and 8.

[0065] In the represented embodiment, two elements for setting swirling motion are implemented.

[0066] A first swirling motion setting element comprises for example a fixed propeller 25, disposed upstream of the inlet 8, for example within the internal walls 26 of an inlet tube 27. More specifically, the fixed propeller 25 advantageously comprises blades 28 extending from the axis of extension of the tube 27. In this manner, the flow of incoming mixture is set into swirling motion along the axis of extension of the tube 27, allowing some of the water droplets to be projected along the internal walls 26.

[0067] In the exemplary embodiment represented in FIG. 4, the blades 28 are advantageously inclined towards the side wall 5, making it possible to increase the projection of the flow of the incoming mixture against the internal walls 26.

[0068] In order to allow good discharge of the water retrieved using this first swirling motion setting element, the separation chamber 11 comprises a cavity 29. A passage 30 is thus defined between the vent 31 and the cavity 29, allowing the delivery of retrieved water to the porous wall 13, and the collection chamber 12.

[0069] A second swirling motion setting element comprises for example a vent 31, with a cylindrical rim, projecting along the axis of rotation of the casing, from the upper wall 6 passing through a portion of the separation chamber 11, without however reaching the porous wall 13. A clearance is thus left between the vent 31 and the porous wall 13.

[0070] The vent 31 advantageously comprises the first outlet 9, which makes it possible to retrieve the flow of gas freed from water droplets. The clearance between the vent 31 and the porous wall 13 prevents accidentally undamped droplets from being discharged in the first outlet.

[0071] Such a vent 31 which is disposed within a cylindrical side wall 5 allows the setting in swirling or helical motion of a pressurized humid gas mixture when introduced into the separation chamber 11 by an inlet 8 disposed offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the vent 31 and the side wall 5.

[0072] Indeed, by arranging the inlet 8 within the side wall 5 tangentially to the side wall 5, that is to say the axis of the inlet 8 being perpendicular and having an offset relative to the axis 3 of the vent 31, a flow of the mixture introduced under pressure is set in a helical movement around the axis of extension YY′ of the side wall 5.

[0073] The water separator 1 comprises at least one swirling motion setting element, but according to the represented embodiment, the water separator 1 comprises the first and the second swirling motion setting elements, which makes it possible to improve separating water from the water-dihydrogen mixture.

[0074] An example of the overall operation of a water separator 1 described hereinabove, and represented in a simplified manner in FIG. 8, is now described.

[0075] As shown by the directional arrows in FIG. 8, an incoming flow penetrates via the tube 27 and undergoes a first setting in swirling motion following the passage through the fixed propeller 25. The water retrieved after its passage through the fixed propeller 25 is directed towards the porous wall 13 thanks to the passage between the vent 31 and the cavity 29. The flow is set in swirling motion along the axis of rotation of the casing 2 by rotating around the vent 31. The water droplets are projected against the side wall 5, and bounce until they fall against the porous wall 13. The flow thus cleared of water droplets is discharged via the vent 31.

[0076] Such a water separator 1 offers many advantages, among which; [0077] easy manufacture, for example by injection molding, which makes it possible to limit the production costs, [0078] small bulk, [0079] possibility of offering two steps or stages of water separation, making it possible to minimize the residual water in the mixture