CONVEYING METHOD AND CONVEYING APPARATUS FOR GOODS OF MULTIPLE ORDERS

Abstract

A conveying method for goods comprising the method steps of providing goods for multiple orders, wherein the goods are conveyed in conveyor containers in an endless conveyor along a goods conveying direction, detecting the goods provided in the endless conveyor, forming a list of complete orders on the basis of the goods provided in the endless conveyor, defining ordered goods as goods included in at least one of the complete orders, automatically evaluating the complete orders with regard to their suitability for allocation to one of multiple goods sinks, taking into account at least one characteristic of the ordered goods and/or the goods sinks, wherein the goods sinks are connected to the endless conveyor in terms of conveying technology, allocating a complete order to one of the goods sinks in dependence on the evaluation, and conveying the allocated ordered goods to the goods sink.

Claims

1. A conveying method for goods, the method comprising: conveying goods for multiple orders in an endless conveyor along a goods conveying direction; detecting the goods conveyed; forming a list of complete orders on the basis of the goods conveyed; defining ordered goods as goods included in at least one of the complete orders; evaluating complete orders with regard to their suitability for allocation to one goods sink of multiple goods sinks, the evaluating including accounting for at least one characteristic of at least one good of the ordered goods and of the goods sinks, wherein the goods sinks are coupled to the endless conveyor; allocating a complete order to one of the goods sinks on the basis of the evaluation; and conveying the allocated ordered goods to the goods sink.

2. The conveying method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic is a respective distance of the at least one good from the goods sinks which is oriented in the goods conveying direction.

3. The conveying method according to claim 2, wherein the evaluating includes providing a higher evaluation of a complete order based on a smaller distance of the ordered goods that are furthest away from the respective goods sink.

4. The conveying method according to claim 1, further comprising determining the positions of the ordered goods.

5. The conveying method according to claim 4, wherein the determining is a repeated determining.

6. The conveying method according to claim 4, wherein the determining is a cyclic determining.

7. The conveying method according to claim 4, further comprising transmitting the positions of the ordered goods to a logistic control system.

8. The conveying method according to claim 4, wherein the determining includes consideration of a relative conveying position of a conveying drive from a fixed entrainment position of an entrainer that is conveyed by the conveying drive.

9. The conveying method according to claim 8, wherein the determining includes determining a relative conveying position of the conveying drive with a sensor.

10. The conveying method according to claim 8, wherein the fixed entrainment position is determined when the ordered product is introduced into the endless conveyor.

11. The conveying method according to claim 8, wherein the fixed entrainment position is determined via a reading unit cooperable with a signal transmitter that is at least one of attached to and integrated with the entrainer.

12. The conveying method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic is at least one of availability of the goods sinks, prioritization of goods sinks, compatibility of the ordered goods with the goods sinks, prioritization of orders, a setup criterion, reduction of unprocessed orders in the endless conveyor, and reduction of unused ordered goods in the endless conveyor.

13. The conveying method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one characteristic is the prioritization of discharge compartments of a goods sink.

14. The conveying method according to claim 12, wherein the at least one characteristic is the prioritization of ordered goods within orders.

15. The conveying method according to claim 1, wherein evaluating includes evaluating orders on the basis of a transport matrix, wherein the transport matrix comprises columns and rows.

16. The conveying method according to claim 15, wherein the rows symbolize different orders and the columns symbolize different goods sinks.

17. The conveying method according to claim 15, further comprising assigning a numerical value to each order during the evaluating.

18. The conveying method according to claim 17, wherein the numerical value is one of ordinally and metrically scaled.

19. The conveying method according to claim 15, further comprising, if an order is unsuitable for a respective good sink, assigning a separate identification number to the order.

20. The conveying method according to claim 15, further comprising transforming the transport matrix into a cost matrix.

21. The conveying method according to claim 20, wherein the transforming of the transport matrix into a cost matrix takes place by at least one of multiplying individual evaluations of each order and multiplying individual costs and applying a Kuhn-Munkres algorithm.

22. The conveying method according to claim 1, further comprising executing the method as an automated method.

23. The conveying method according to claim 22, wherein the executing includes using at least one of a machine control system for the endless conveyor and a logistic control system for a position definition of the goods sinks.

24. The conveying method according to claim 1, further including delivering the ordered goods to the goods sinks.

25. The conveying method according to claim 24, further including delivering ordered goods to the goods sinks by unloading the ordered goods from conveyor containers and by discharging the conveyor containers that convey the ordered goods at the assigned goods sink.

26. The conveying method according to claim 25, wherein the unloading is carried out automatically.

27. A conveying apparatus for goods of multiple orders, the apparatus comprising: A closed endless conveyor on which goods are conveyed in circulation; a plurality of goods sinks coupled to the endless conveyor for conveying ordered goods; and a control unit configured to carry out the conveying.

28. The conveying apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the endless conveyor has a first conveyor strand with a fixed conveyor container entrainment, wherein at least one of the first conveyor strand is connected to the goods sinks of the plurality of goods sinks and wherein the first conveyor strand has a conveyor drive for the fixed conveyor container entrainment.

29. The conveying apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the first conveyor strand is directly coupled to the goods sinks of the plurality of goods sinks.

30. The conveying apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the conveyor drive is a drive chain operable in a conveyor rail and cooperative entrainers couplable in each case to a conveyor container.

31. The conveying apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the endless conveyor has a second conveyor strand without fixed conveyor container entrainment, wherein the second conveyor strand together with the first conveyor strand forms the closed endless conveyor.

32. The conveying apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising at least one source of goods to provide goods in the conveyor containers.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a conveying apparatus according to the invention,

[0040] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged, partially cut-out side view of a first conveyor strand of an endless conveyor of the conveying apparatus according to FIG. 1 in the form of an overhead conveyor,

[0041] FIG. 3 shows an illustration corresponding to FIG. 1 to explain an automated evaluation of complete orders in the endless conveyor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] A conveying apparatus 1 which is shown purely schematically in FIG. 1 serves to convey goods from at least one goods source 2 to a plurality of goods sinks 3. The conveying apparatus can comprise a plurality of goods sources 2 which are arranged in particular parallel to one another. Each goods sink 3 has in particular a plurality of goods discharge points 4 which are in particular mechanically separated from one another, in particular in the form of partition walls. The goods discharge points 4 at a goods sink 3 can also be designed as separate throw-in shafts having a funnel-shaped goods receptacle which opens upwards in particular.

[0043] The goods sinks 3 are in particular packing places at which goods of an order can be packed and in particular handed over to an outgoing goods zone of the conveying apparatus 1 for dispatch.

[0044] The goods source 2 and the goods sinks 3 are connected in terms of conveying technology by means of an endless conveyor 5. The endless conveyor 5 has an endlessly circulating conveyor line and enables goods to be conveyed along the goods conveying direction 6, which is symbolized by an arrow in FIG. 1 and is oriented in the counterclockwise direction.

[0045] The endless conveyor 5 has a first conveyor strand 7 and a second conveyor strand 8. At the goods source 2, the goods are provided in conveyor containers and conveyed to the goods sinks 3 by means of the conveyor containers. The goods sinks 3 are in particular directly connected to the at least one goods source 2 via the first conveyor strand 7. In particular, exactly one product is arranged in each conveyor container.

[0046] The first conveyor strand 7 has a conveyor drive means, not shown in more detail, which enables a fixed conveyor container to be entrained. The conveyor drive means comprises in particular a drive motor and a drive chain that is mechanically coupled thereto. The drive chain is in particular arranged to be guided within a conveyor rail 13 of the first conveyor strand 7, in particular within a guide profile which is in particular made of plastic.

[0047] The first conveyor strand 7 and the second conveyor strand 8 are coupled to each other in terms of conveying technology at two transfer points 35, 36. The first transfer point 35 is arranged in the goods conveying direction 6 between the end of the first conveyor strand 7 and the beginning of the second conveyor strand 8. At the first transfer point 35, the conveyor containers are transferred from the fixed conveyor container entrainment in the first conveyor strand 7 to the second conveyor strand 8 without fixed conveyor container entrainment. At the second transfer point 36, which is arranged in the goods conveying direction 6 between the end of the second conveyor strand 8 and the beginning of the first conveyor strand 7, the goods are transferred from the second conveyor strand 8 to the fixed conveyor container entrainment in the first conveyor strand 7.

[0048] The goods source 2 is coupled to the endless conveyor 5 in terms of conveying technology via at least one feed conveyor strand 10, in particular downstream of the second conveyor strand 8 and in particular downstream of the conveyor drive means.

[0049] The second conveyor strand 8 is designed in particular as an accumulation conveyor and in particular as a gravity conveyor. It is particularly uncomplicated to design it as a gravity conveyor, which is in particular inclined downwards with respect to the horizontal. The inclination is in particular directed towards the first conveyor strand 7, in particular towards the conveyor drive means. The second conveyor strand 8 has a buffer function.

[0050] The conveying apparatus 1 comprises a plurality of goods sinks 3, in particular of different design. The goods sinks 3 can also be of identical design. The goods sinks 3 are spaced apart along the goods conveying direction 6, i.e., one behind the other. A first goods sink 3, shown on the left in FIG. 1, comprises an unloading unit, not shown in more detail, which enables the goods to be unloaded from the conveyor containers, in particular automatically. The first goods sink 3, and in particular the discharge compartments 4, are arranged spatially adjacent to the first conveyor strand 7. The automatic unloading unit can, for example, enable automatic opening or tilting of conveyor bags and/or automatic swivelling or tilting of horizontal conveyor containers, wherein the discharge compartments of the first goods sinks 3 are arranged in the discharge direction of the goods. The first goods sink 3 is thus arranged directly adjacent to the first conveyor strand 7.

[0051] Downstream of the goods sinks 3, a discharge line 11 is connected to the endless conveyor 5. The discharge line 11 serves to discharge, in particular automatically, emptied conveyor containers from the endless conveyor 5. The discharge line 11 leads in particular to a loading station that is not shown, at which the conveyor containers can be loaded with goods. The discharge line 11 can in particular also be connected to a buffer storage unit in order to temporarily store empty conveyor containers.

[0052] The discharge line 11 can be omitted, in particular if automatic emptying of the conveyor containers by means of an unloading unit does not take place.

[0053] A second goods sink 3 shown on the right in FIG. 1 is connected to the endless conveyor 5, in particular to the first conveyor strand 7, by means of a discharge unit 12. The second goods sink 3 can be arranged at a spatial distance from the first conveyor strand 7, wherein a connection in terms of conveying technology to the first conveyor strand 7 is ensured by means of the discharge unit 12. The discharge unit 12 is in particular designed to be identical to the discharge line 11. The discharge unit 12 enables the targeted discharge of conveyor containers from the endless conveyor 5 into the discharge unit 12. In the region of the second goods sink 3, the conveyor containers are stopped by means of a stopper, which is not shown in more detail, and then unloaded, in particular manually. It is conceivable that the discharge unit 12 leads to a loading station analogously to the discharge line 11. It is also conceivable that the discharge unit 12 merges with the discharge line 11 or that the discharge unit 12 opens into the discharge line 11. In particular, a plurality of discharge units 12 can be connected to the endless conveyor. It is advantageous if either a discharge unit 12 or an unloading unit is provided for every second goods sink 3.

[0054] In the following, the first conveyor strand 7 is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 2.

[0055] The first conveyor strand 7 is designed as a conveyor rail 13, which is also referred to as a transport rail. Accordingly, the conveying apparatus 1 is an overhead conveyor. The transport rail 13 can be moved in a room by means of suitable carrying devices. The transport rail 13 is designed as a hollow box profile in which a drive chain 14 is arranged and can be driven in the goods conveying direction 6 by means of the drive 9 that is shown purely schematically in FIG. 2.

[0056] Holding members 15 can be moved along the transport rail 13 by means of the drive chain 14. The drive chain 14 and the drive 9 form a conveyor drive means for the first conveyor strand 7. The drive 9 is in particular an electric motor drive which is mechanically coupled to the drive chain 14, i.e., for power transmission, by means of a power transmission member, in particular a drive gearwheel.

[0057] The drive chain 14 is a so-called roller chain with rollers 16, which are connected to each other at a small distance from one another by means of connection pieces 17. Bolts 18 have downwardly projecting bolt-shaped extensions serving as entrainers 19. The bolts 18 with the entrainers 19 extend normally to the transport rail 13 in a vertical plane that is spanned by the goods conveying direction 6.

[0058] The drive chain 14 is guided and held in the transport rail 13 in the direction of the bolts 18, i.e., perpendicularly and transversely to the goods conveying direction 6 by means of guides 20 engaging under the connection pieces 17.

[0059] A centre-to-centre distance a between adjacent entrainers 19 in the transport rail 13 in the goods conveying direction 6 corresponds exactly to the pitch of the drive chain 14 and is therefore invariable and constant. The entrainers 19 define the fixed conveyor container entrainment.

[0060] On an underside of the transport rail 13, two guiding webs 21 are formed facing each other, between which a slot 22 extending in the longitudinal direction of the transport rail 13, i.e., in the goods conveying direction 6, is formed or defined. A flat supporting part 23 of each holding member 15 projects downwards out of the transport rail 13 through said slot 22. In its upper region, the holding member 15 has a caster 24 on each side of the supporting part 23, each of which is supported on one of the two guiding webs 21 and can be displaced thereon in the goods conveying direction 6. There is therefore only one pair of casters 24 which can rotate around a common axis 25 so that the entire holding member 15 can oscillate about the axis 25 in the transport rail 13.

[0061] The supporting part 23 has a receiving opening 26 at its lower end into which a conveyor container in the form of a conveyor bag 27 can be suspended. The conveyor bag 27 is shown purely schematically in FIG. 2. The holding member 15, which is conveyed to roll in the transport rail 13 by means of the casters 24 and which is suitable for receiving the conveyor bag 27 by means of the receiving opening 26, is also referred to as a roller adapter.

[0062] The holding member 15 has an identification member 28 that is designed as a transponder, in particular an RFID chip, or as a machine-readable code, in particular a barcode or QR code. The identification member 28 is arranged in particular between the receiving opening 26 and the underside of the transport rail 13 and can thus be read by a reading device, in particular in an automated manner. The identification member 28 extends in accordance with the arrangement of the plate-like supporting part 23 in the goods conveying direction 6, i.e., its main surface lies open transversely to the goods conveying direction 6, i.e., towards the side.

[0063] After being mechanically coupled to the holding member 15, the conveyor bag 27 with goods to be conveyed remains attached to the holding member 15 during the entire conveying process, i.e., it is “married” to the latter. The goods to be conveyed are therefore controlled via the identification member 28 and thus the holding member 15. Since again the entire transport is performed from the drive chain, it is very important that a holding member assumes an absolutely unambiguous position relative to the drive chain 14 during transport.

[0064] The transport rail 13 has horizontal boundary webs 29 facing each other directly above the casters 24, which delimit a slot 30 in between. A stalk-like projection 31 of the holding member 15 extends through this slot 30 and is formed integrally with the supporting part 23 at the upper end thereof.

[0065] At the upper end of the stalk-like projection 31, a stop 32 is formed in the manner of a transverse bar, the extension of which horizontally transverse to the goods conveying direction 6 is greater than the width of the slot 30, so that when the holding member 15 is inclined relative to the transport rail 13, this stop 32 comes to rest on the boundary webs 29 and thus prevents further inclination of the holding member 15. The projection 31 and the stop 32 have the basic shape of a hammer, i.e., they are T-shaped.

[0066] The entrainers 19 of the drive chain 14 extend to immediately above the boundary webs 29, so that a holding member 15 located between two entrainers 19 is always reliably entrained, i.e., does not become disengaged from the entrainer 19.

[0067] The conveying apparatus 1 has a control unit 33 which is in signal connection in particular with the at least one goods source 2, the goods sinks 3, the endless conveyor 5 and/or the conveyor strands 7 and 8. The signal connection can be wired or wireless. In particular, the control unit 33 is in signal connection with the conveyor drive means 9 in order to enable a targeted introduction of the conveyor bags 27 from the at least one goods source 2 or a return of the conveyor bags 27 from the second conveyor strand 8.

[0068] The control unit 33 comprises in particular a machine control 38 and a logistic control system 39. The machine control 38 is designed in particular as a programmable logic controller (PLC). The logistic control system 39 is called warehouse control system (WCS).

[0069] The conveying apparatus 1 has a plurality of reading units 34, wherein at least one reading unit 34 is arranged in particular along the endless conveyor 5, in particular along the first conveyor strand 7. The reading units 34 serve to read the identification members 28. Since the conveyor bags 27 are conveyed along the first conveyor strand 7 with a fixed conveyor container entrainment, the respective position of a conveyor bag 27 within the endless conveyor 5 and in particular along the first conveyor strand 7 can be unambiguously determined from the identification data read by means of the reading units 34 and a determined rotational position of a rotary encoder that is mechanically coupled to the drive chain 14. For each conveyor bag 27, the exact position along the first conveyor strand 7 is known at all times and is unchangeably fixed. The reading units 34, together with the rotary encoder, enable a direct conclusion to be drawn about the respective position of the conveyor bags 27 within the endless conveyor 5, in particular along the first conveyor strand 7.

[0070] In particular, the control unit 33 is in signal connection with the unloading unit and/or with the discharge unit 12 in order to ensure automatic unloading and/or discharge of the conveyor bags 27.

[0071] A conveying method for goods in the conveying apparatus 1 is explained in more detail below in particular with reference to FIG. 3.

[0072] From the goods source 2, goods 37 are conveyed individually in conveyor bags 27 into the endless conveyor 5 and circulated there along the goods conveying direction 6. Three goods sinks 3, which are designed in particular as packing places, are directly connected to the endless conveyor 5. An unloading unit is arranged at each of the goods sinks 3, which enables automatic unloading of the conveyor containers, in particular autonomously by gravity. The goods sinks 3 are each identical in design and each have four goods discharge points 4. The goods sinks 3 are marked with the letters A, B and C for better differentiation for the explanation of the following method.

[0073] By means of the reading unit 34, which is arranged ahead of the endless conveyor 5 in the goods conveying direction 6, the conveyor containers 27 that are fed into the endless conveyor 5 are detected. This detection data is transmitted to the central control unit 33.

[0074] A list of orders to be processed is stored in the control unit 33. This list represents a demand for orders. Each order comprises at least one product 37, which is also referred to as ordered product 37.

[0075] In the control unit 33, the demand for orders to be processed is compared with the goods 37 that are available in the endless conveyor 5. The goods 37 that are present in the endless conveyor 5 are allocated to the orders to be processed. This allocation takes place in particular in advance in a logistic process. Each ordered product 37 that is fed from the at least one goods source 2 into the endless conveyor 5 is already allocated to an order at this point in time. In particular, the handling and conveyance of the ordered goods 37 is order-oriented. The handling of the ordered goods and their conveyance is carried out in orders.

[0076] In particular, the ordered goods 37 from the goods source 2 are fed into the endless conveyor 5 in an unsorted and, in particular, quasi-random manner. Quasi random means that in particular the order and/or the staging time of the ordered goods 37, which are transferred from the goods source 2 to the endless conveyor 5 at a certain moment, is not fixed and in particular is predetermined by the goods source 2 itself. The extent of randomness is determined in particular by the number of ordered goods 37 requested at the same time, wherein this number corresponds at most to the storage capacity of the endless conveyor 5. The extent of randomness can additionally or alternatively also be determined by the temporal characteristics of the goods source 2, in particular a circulation time in the goods source 2, if the goods source 2 is designed as a revolving goods storage unit.

[0077] In FIG. 3, the goods 37 that are allocated to one and the same order are marked with identical symbols.

[0078] For the optimized allocation of complete orders to the various goods sinks 3A, 3B, 3C, the orders are automatically evaluated with regard to their suitability.

[0079] One possible evaluation criterion is the staging time for the ordered goods to one of the goods sinks 3A, 3B, 3C. For this purpose, the distance of all ordered goods to the respective goods sinks is determined at a certain point in time, wherein the goods 37 furthest away from a goods sink 3A, 3B, 3C are decisive for each complete order. A complete order can only be processed at a goods sink when the last goods have also arrived at the goods sink. The smaller the distance between the ordered goods furthest away from the respective goods sink, the higher the evaluation of a complete order in the endless conveyor 5. The higher the suitability number, the better the suitability.

[0080] If the suitability number is 0, this means that the respective order is unsuitable for the respective goods sink. This is the case, for example, if an ordered product cannot be delivered to the particular goods sink due to its characteristics, in particular its weight or size. It is also conceivable that an order must be allocated to a particular goods sink due to set-up criteria, in particular due to customer allocation. In the embodiment example shown, goods sink 3A is unsuitable for triangular ordered goods 37, goods sink 3B is unsuitable for square ordered goods 37 and goods sink 3C is unsuitable for square and circular ordered goods 37.

[0081] The evaluation results of the complete orders can be advantageously and clearly presented in a so-called transport matrix according to Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Transport matrix according to FIG. 3 Goods sink Order 3A 3B 3C ◯ 2 1 0 □ 3 0 0 Δ 0 2 1

[0082] In principle, it is possible to allocate the complete orders to goods sinks 3A, 3B, 3C on the basis of the transport matrix. In this case, the □ order would be allocated to goods sink 3A, as this is the only suitable order for this goods sink. Accordingly, the ◯ order is allocated to goods sink 3B, although the order would be more suitable for goods sink 3A than for allocation to goods sink 3B due to the staging time. Thus, when allocating all open orders to all open goods sinks 3A, 3B, 3C, an overall optimum can be found for all possible order-to-goods sink pairings.

[0083] With the same explanation, the A-order is allocated to goods sink 3C and processed there, even if the A-order for goods sink 3B would theoretically have a better individual suitability. Considering the overall optimum, i.e., for the overall suitability, the allocation of the A-order for goods sink 3B is better.

[0084] The allocation of the complete orders to the different goods sinks is carried out such that the average maximum distance of the ordered goods to the goods sinks is minimized. This means that the total evaluation of all allocations is optimized in order to minimize the staging time in particular. Calculations by the applicant have shown that the average staging time for the complete orders and thus in particular the number of goods sinks that are required to process a given order volume can be reduced by at least 10%.

[0085] In particular, the algorithm determines the overall optimum in such a manner that the total of the suitabilities for allocated orders is at a maximum.

[0086] The evaluation, in particular on the basis of the distance of the ordered goods to the goods sinks, is repeated in particular on a regular basis and in particular cyclically, for example with a cycle time of 1 s. The evaluation process is dynamic. When an order has been allocated to a goods sink, this order disappears from the evaluation matrix. If new goods are available in the endless conveyor and have been allocated to a complete order, new order lines are generated in the evaluation matrix. If goods sinks are occupied with an order, they can temporarily drop out of the evaluation matrix.

[0087] For the evaluation matrix, other evaluation criteria can be taken into account in addition or as an alternative to the distance of the ordered goods to a goods sink. The evaluation criteria can be characteristics of the order itself and/or characteristics of the packing place, i.e., the respective goods sink. These can be situational characteristics with regard to the order and/or the packing place, such as the compatibility of the order with regard to the packing place, the position of the ordered goods in the endless conveyor 5 and/or the age of the ordered goods in the endless conveyor 5. Characteristics of the goods sinks are, for example, the priority of a discharge compartment 4 within a goods sink 3 and/or a filling level of the discharge compartments 4. Inherent characteristics with respect to the order are, for example, its priority or its cut-off time. The cut-off time is understood in particular to mean the latest possible processing time of an order. This term is particularly common in the field of e-commerce. The cut-off time is defined in particular by a pick-up date for packed orders from the outgoing goods zone, i.e., in particular a pick-up by transport service providers such as Deutsche Post, DHL, Hermes, etc. The relevant orders must be processed before the pick-up date. The cut-off time can vary, in particular depending on the sender, the priority of the customer and/or the selected shipping method, in particular express shipments.

[0088] Inherent characteristics for order and packing place are the so-called set-up criteria. Setup criteria are, for example, the priority of an order and/or individual ordered goods, an age of the order, in particular its number of cycles in the endless conveyor 5, the sender, i.e., transport service provider, the order size, in particular so-called single-order, multi-order and/or large orders, a safety level such as, for example, particularly high-value goods, a hazard level such as, for example, hazardous substances, an order type such as, for example, e-commerce or retail, and/or a packaging type such as, for example, cardboard box, bag and various packaging sizes.

[0089] Based on the transport matrix in Table 1, the other criteria are considered as explained above. For each criterion, an individual suitability is determined for each order. These individual suitabilities are multiplied to an overall suitability. The evaluation matrix which represents the overall suitability is given in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Evaluation matrix Goods sink Order 3A 3B 3C ◯ 0.4 0.2 0 □ 0.8 0 0 Δ 0 0.5 0.3

[0090] In particular, all values in the evaluation matrix are standardized, especially such that the highest evaluation value is set to 1 and all further evaluation values are standardized accordingly. In the evaluation matrix, all fields have a value between 0 and 1. In the example shown, the allocation of the orders to the goods sinks is not changed by the evaluation matrix according to Table 2 compared to the transport matrix in Table 1. Nevertheless, it is conceivable that a change in the allocation can occur due to the consideration and the individual suitabilities.

[0091] The evaluation matrix can be transformed into a so-called cost matrix. For the transformation, a fictitious constant C is used for the following calculation rule:

K.sub.ij=C−C.Math.B.sub.ij

[0092] In this case, K.sub.ij is the value in the cost matrix in row i and column j. Accordingly, is the value in the evaluation matrix in row i and column j. According to the calculation rule, the maximum suitability of 1 results in minimum costs of 0. In the special case that there is no suitability, i.e.,

B.sub.ij=0, correspondingly, the maximum costs arise according to the fictitious constant C. In this case, the order is not allocated to this goods sink.

[0093] Table 3 summarizes the cost matrix that is generated from the evaluation matrix by transformation with the constant C=10.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Cost matrix Goods sink Order 3A 3B 3C ◯ 6 8 10 □ 2 10 10 Δ 10 5 7

[0094] For the cost matrix, an optimum, in particular the global optimum, is sought with regard to the minimum costs. This can be done particularly advantageously with the so-called Hungarian method, i.e., on the basis of the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm. It has been found that the application of the Kuhn-Munkres algorithm is particularly advantageous for an efficient and optimized solution of the cost matrix.

[0095] Other algorithms and/or heuristics are possible if they have a sufficiently high degree of optimization and approach the global optimum of minimum cost in any case. Such an algorithm is considered suitable if it corresponds to the global optimum by at least 80%, in particular by at least 85% and in particular by 90%. Such algorithms can work comparatively fast and efficiently. The Vogel approximation method, the MODI method, which is also known as the modified distribution method, the matrix minimum method and the Stepping Stone method can be mentioned as examples.

[0096] In particular, the transformation from the evaluation matrix to the cost matrix can also be omitted if, starting from the evaluation matrix, an algorithm is chosen to maximize the total sum of suitabilities, i.e., the evaluation values.