LIQUID DISCHARGE HEAD

Abstract

A liquid discharge head includes a channel member and an actuator member. A plurality of individual channels each including a nozzle and a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle, and a communicating channel communicating with the plurality of individual channels are formed in the channel member. The actuator member is arranged on a surface of the channel member and has: a plurality of actuators each overlapping with the pressure chamber of one of the plurality of individual channels in a first direction orthogonal to the surface and having a plurality of individual electrodes, a plurality of branched parts each of which connects individual electrodes, and a trunk part connecting the plurality of branched parts and provided with a contact with respect to an electric power supply part. The communicating channel has an overlapping part overlapping with the trunk part in the first direction.

Claims

1. A liquid discharge head comprising: a channel member including: a plurality of individual channels; and a communicating channel communicating with the plurality of individual channels, each of the plurality of individual channels including a nozzle and a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle; and an actuator member located on a surface of the channel member and including: a plurality of actuators each overlapping with the pressure chamber of one of the plurality of individual channels in a first direction orthogonal to the surface, and including a plurality of individual electrodes; a plurality of branched parts each connecting individual electrodes of the plurality of individual electrodes; and a trunk part connecting the plurality of branched parts and including a contact with respect to an electric power supply part, wherein the communicating channel includes an overlapping part overlapping with the trunk part in the first direction.

2. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, wherein the trunk part includes a plurality of bifurcation parts, each of the plurality of branched parts being bifurcated from one of the bifurcation parts, and the overlapping part extends while spreading over the plurality of bifurcation parts.

3. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, wherein the channel member includes a plate including the pressure chamber, and the plate includes at least a part of the overlapping part.

4. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, wherein a width of the trunk part is greater than a width of each of the plurality of branched parts.

5. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, wherein the actuator member includes: a piezoelectric body including a plurality of piezoelectric layers stacked in the first direction; and an electrode body including: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer being separated from the first electrode layer in the first direction; and a third electrode layer being separated from the first electrode layer in the first direction, the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first electrodes configured so that a first potential and a second potential different from the first potential are selectively applied to each of the plurality of first electrodes, each of the plurality of first electrodes overlapping with the pressure chamber of one of the plurality of individual channels in the first direction, the second electrode layer includes a second electrode configured to be maintained at the first potential, the third electrode layer includes a third electrode configured to be maintained at the second potential, the piezoelectric body includes: a first active part sandwiched by each of the plurality of first electrodes and the second electrode in the first direction; and two second active parts each sandwiched by one of the plurality of first electrodes and the third electrode in the first direction, and the two second active parts being separated from each other and sandwich the first active part between the two second active parts in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the first direction, and at least one of the second electrode and the third electrode includes the plurality of individual electrodes, the plurality of branched parts and the trunk part.

6. The liquid discharge head according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of individual electrodes forms a plurality of individual electrode rows aligned in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, the plurality of individual electrode rows is located side by side in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and crossing the second direction, the plurality of branched parts extends in the second direction, and is arranged side by side in the third direction, the trunk part includes an extending part extending in the third direction, and the overlapping part extends in the third direction and overlaps with the extending part in the first direction.

7. The liquid discharge head according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of individual channels forms a plurality of individual channel rows aligned in the second direction, the plurality of individual channel rows is located side by side in the third direction, the channel member further includes a plurality of common channels extending in the second direction, the plurality of common channels being arranged side by side in the third direction in the channel member and each of the plurality of common channels communicating with individual channels, of the plurality of individual channels, constructing one of the plurality of individual channel rows, and the overlapping part extends in the third direction and connects the plurality of common channels to each other.

8. The liquid discharge head according to claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of common channels includes one end communicating with a liquid supply port and the other end communicating with a liquid return port, and the overlapping part connects the one end and the other end to each other.

9. The liquid discharge head according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of individual channels forms a plurality of individual channel rows each aligned in the second direction, the plurality of individual channel rows is arranged side by side in the third direction, the channel member further includes: a plurality of common channels extending in the second direction, the plurality of common channels being arranged side by side in the third direction in the channel member and each of the plurality of common channels communicating with individual channels, of the plurality of individual channels, constructing one of the plurality of individual channel rows; and a plurality of branched channels extending in the second direction, the plurality of branched channels being arranged side by side in the third direction in the channel member and connecting ends in the second direction in the plurality of common channels to each other, and the overlapping part extends in the third direction and connects the plurality of branched channels to each other.

10. The liquid discharge head according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of branched channels includes a first branched channel communicating with a liquid supply port and a second branched channel communicating with a liquid return port, and the overlapping part connects the first branched channel and the second branched channel to each other.

11. The liquid discharge head according to claim 7, wherein the trunk part includes: a first trunk part located at one ends in the second direction of the plurality of common channels; and a second trunk part located at the other ends in the second direction of the plurality of common channels, and the overlapping part includes: a first overlapping part overlapping with the first trunk part in the first direction; and a second overlapping part overlapping with the second trunk part in the first direction.

Description

[0006] According to the above-described configuration, a vicinity part, in the channel member, which is in the vicinity of the trunk part is cooled by the liquid flowing in the overlapping part of the communicating channel. With this, the occurrence of such a situation that the temperature of the vicinity part locally becomes to be high is suppressed. Further, it is possible to suppress any unevenness in the viscosity of the liquid inside the channel member.

[0007] FIG. 1 is a view depicting the overall configuration of a printer including a head.

[0008] FIG. 2 is a plane view of the head depicted in FIG. 1.

[0009] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of an area III of FIG. 2.

[0010] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along a IV-IV line of FIG. 3.

[0011] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view along a V-V line of FIG. 3.

[0012] FIGS. 6A and 6B are views depicting an operation of an actuator in the cross-section of FIG. 5.

[0013] FIG. 7 is a plane view depicting an upper surface of an uppermost piezoelectric layer among three piezoelectric layers constructing an actuator member of FIG. 2.

[0014] FIG. 8 is a plane view depicting an upper surface of an intermediate piezoelectric layer among the three piezoelectric layers constructing the actuator member of FIG. 2.

[0015] FIG. 9 is a plane view depicting an upper surface of a lowermost piezoelectric layer among the three piezoelectric layers constructing the actuator member of FIG. 2.

[0016] FIG. 10 is a plane view depicting a channel (flow channel) inside the head and corresponding to FIG. 2.

[0017] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along an XI-XI line of FIG. 10.

[0018] FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of a channel member and the actuator member, and a COF.

[0019] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view along an XIII-XIII line of FIG. 12.

[0020] FIG. 14 is a plane view depicting a channel inside a head and corresponding to FIG. 10.

[0021] In the following explanation, a Z direction is a vertical direction, and an X direction and a Y direction are each a horizontal direction. The X direction and the Y direction are both orthogonal to the Z direction. The X direction is orthogonal to the Y direction. The Z direction corresponds to a “first direction” of the present disclosure, the X direction corresponds to a “second direction” of the present disclosure and the Y direction corresponds to a “third direction” of the present disclosure.

First Embodiment

[0022] First, the overall configuration of a printer 1 including a head 3 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained, with reference to FIG. 1.

[0023] The printer 1 is provided with the head 3, a carriage 2 and two conveying roller pairs 4.

[0024] The carriage 2 is supported by two guide rails 5 extending in the Y direction and is movable along the two guide rails 5 in the Y direction.

[0025] The head 3 is of a serial system, is mounted on the carriage 2 and is movable in the Y direction together with the carriage 2. A plurality of nozzles 15 is opened in a lower surface of the head 3.

[0026] The two conveying roller pairs 4 are arranged while sandwiching the carriage 2 therebetween in the X direction. In a case that the two conveying roller pairs 4 rotate in a state that the two conveying roller pairs 4 pinch or held a paper sheet P (paper P, sheet P), thereby conveying the paper sheet P in a conveyance direction along the X direction.

[0027] A controller (not depicted in the drawings) of the printer 1 alternately performs a discharge operation of discharging an ink from the plurality of nozzles 15 while moving the head 3, together with the carriage 2, in the Y direction, and a conveyance operation of conveying the paper sheet P in the conveyance direction by a predefined amount by the two roller pairs 4. With this, an image is recorded on the paper sheet P.

[0028] As depicted in FIG. 2, the head 3 has a channel member 21 and an actuator member 22. Each of the channel member 21 and the actuator member 22 is rectangular shaped of which length in the X direction is longer than a length thereof in the Y direction in a plane orthogonal to the Z direction.

[0029] As depicted in FIG. 4, the channel member 21 is constructed of four metallic plates 31 to 34 which are stacked in the Z direction.

[0030] A plurality of pressure chambers 10 is formed in the plate 31. In the plate 32, communicating channels 12 and communicating channels 13 are formed each for one of the plurality of pressure chambers 10. Each of the communicating channels 12 and each of the communicating channels 13 overlap, in the Z direction, respectively, with one end and the other end in the Y direction of one of the plurality of pressure chambers 10 corresponding thereto. In the plate 33, a communicating channel 14 is formed with respect to each of the communicating channels 13. The communicating channel 14 overlaps, in the Z direction, with one of the communicating channels 13 corresponding thereto. The plurality of nozzles 15 is formed in the plate 34. Each of the plurality of nozzles 15 overlaps, in the Z direction, with the communicating channel 14.

[0031] The channel member 21 is formed with a plurality of individual channels 19 each of which includes a nozzle 15 of the plurality of nozzles 15 and a pressure chamber 10 of the plurality of pressure chambers 10 communicating with the nozzle 15. As depicted in FIG. 2, the plurality of individual channels 19 is aligned in the X direction so as to construct 12 pieces of an individual channel row 19R. The twelve individual channel rows 19R are arranged side by side in the Y direction.

[0032] Twelve pieces of a common channel 11 are further formed in the channel member 21 (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 10). The twelve common channels 11 are formed in the plate 33 (see FIG. 4), and each of the twelve common channels 11 is provided on one of the twelve individual channel rows 19R (see FIG. 2). Each of the twelve common channels 11 extends in the X direction, and communicates with individual channels 19, of the plurality of individual channels 19, which construct an individual channel row 19R, of the twelve individual channel rows 19R, corresponding thereto. The twelve common channels 11 are arranged side by side in the Y direction.

[0033] In an upper surface of the plate 31 (a surface 21a of the channel member 21), an ink supply port 8 and an ink return port 9 are formed in an area in which the actuator member 22 is not arranged (see FIG. 2). Two pieces of the ink supply port 8 and two pieces of the ink return port 9 are arranged on each of one side and the other side in the X direction with respect to the actuator member 22. The ink supply ports 8 and the ink return ports 9 are arranged alternately in the Y direction, on each of the one side and the other side in the X direction with respect to the actuator member 22. The ink supply port 8 corresponds to a “liquid supply port” of the present disclosure, and the ink return port 9 corresponds to a “liquid return port” of the present disclosure.

[0034] The ink supply ports 8 and the ink return ports 9 communicate with an ink tank (not depicted in the drawings). Each of the ink supply ports 8 and each of the ink return ports 9 are arranged, respectively, at positions sandwiching three pieces of the common channel 11, of the twelve common channels 11, therebetween in the X direction, and communicate with the three common channels 11 (see FIG. 10). Each of the common channels 11 has one end 11a communicating with the ink supply port 8 and the other end 11b communicating with the ink return port 9. The ink supplied from the ink tank to each of the ink supply ports 8 is supplied to the three common channels 11 and is returned to the ink tank from each of the ink return ports 9.

[0035] The ink is supplied from each of the common channels 11 to individual channels 19, of the plurality of individual channels 19, constructing an individual channel row 19R, of the twelve individual channel rows 19R, corresponding to each of the common channels 11. Further, in a case that the actuator member 22 is driven as will be described later on, a pressure is applied to the ink in each of the plurality of pressure chambers 10, and the ink flows through one of the communicating channels 13 and the communicating channel 14 and is discharged or ejected from one of the plurality of nozzles 15.

[0036] As depicted in FIG. 4, the actuator member 22 is arranged on the surface 21a of the channel member 21. The actuator member 22 has a piezoelectric body 40 including three piezoelectric layers 41 to 43 and an electrode body 70 including three electrode layers 71 to 73 arranged, respectively, on upper surfaces of the electrode layers 41 to 43.

[0037] The three piezoelectric layers 41 to 43 are each formed of a piezoelectric material composed primarily of lead zirconate titanate, etc., and are stacked in the Z direction. The piezoelectric layer 42 is arranged between the piezoelectric layers 41 and 43.

[0038] The piezoelectric layer 43 is arranged on the upper surface of the plate 31 (the surface 21a of the channel member 21), and covers all the plurality of pressure chambers 10 formed in the plate 31.

[0039] Among the three electrode layers 71 to 73, the electrode layer 71 arranged on the upper surface of the piezoelectric layer 41 (a surface, of the piezoelectric layer 41, which is on a side opposite to the piezoelectric layer 42 in the Z direction) includes a plurality of driving electrodes 51, a dummy electrode 59, two high potential parts 54 and two low potential parts 55, as depicted in FIG. 7. The electrode layer 71 corresponds to a “first electrode layer” of the present disclosure.

[0040] As depicted in FIG. 3, each of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 is arranged to correspond to one of the plurality of pressure chambers 10. Each of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 has a main part 51a and a projected part 51b. The main part 51a overlaps, in the Z direction, substantially with the entire area of a pressure chamber 10, of the plurality of pressure chambers 10, corresponding thereto. The projected part 51b projects from the main part 51b in the Y direction, and does not overlap with the pressure chamber 10 corresponding thereto. The projected part 51b is provided with a contact which is electrically connected to a COF (Chip On Film) 81 (see FIGS. 12 and 13). A driver IC 82 (see FIGS. 12 and 13) mounted on the COF 81 is controlled by the controller so as to supply a driving signal individually to each of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 via a wiring of the COF 81, and to selectively apply either of a high potential (VDD potential) and a low potential (GND potential) individually to each of the plurality of driving electrodes 51. The high potential corresponds to a “first potential” of the present disclosure, and the low potential corresponds to a “second potential” of the present disclosure, and the plurality of individual electrodes 51 each corresponds to a “first electrode” of the present disclosure. The COF 81 corresponds to an “electric power supply part” of the present disclosure.

[0041] As depicted in FIG. 7, the plurality of driving electrodes 51 are aligned in the X direction and construct a plurality of driving electrode rows 51R each of which corresponds to one of the twelve individual channel rows 19R (see FIG. 2). The plurality of driving electrode rows 51R are arranged side by side in the Y direction.

[0042] The dummy electrode 59 is provided as dummy electrodes 59 which are provided, on each of the plurality of driving electrode rows 51R, respectively on one side in the X direction (upper side in FIG. 7) and the other side in the X direction (lower side in FIG. 7). The dummy electrodes 59 have a size and a shape in the plane orthogonal to the Z direction which are same as those of the driving electrodes 51 belonging to a driving electrode row 51R, of the plurality of driving electrode rows 19R, corresponding thereto, and the dummy electrodes 59 are arranged, together with the driving electrodes 51, at equal intervals in the X direction. The dummy electrodes 59 are not electrically connected to the COF 81, and the potential is not applied to the dummy electrodes 59. By providing the dummy electrodes 59, it is possible to suppress a difference in a contracting amount due to electrode formation between a driving electrode 51, of the plurality of driving electrodes 51, which is located at a center in the X direction and another driving electrode 51, of the plurality of driving electrodes 51, which is located at an end part in the X direction in each of the plurality of driving electrode rows 51R, thereby making it possible to suppress any variation in a discharge amount among nozzles 15, of the plurality of nozzles 15, which correspond to each of the plurality of driving electrodes rows 51R.

[0043] The two high potential parts 54 are arranged, respectively, on one end in the Y direction (the left end of FIG. 7) and the other end in the Y direction (the right end of FIG. 7) of the piezoelectric layer 41, at a location on one side in the X direction (the upper side of FIG. 7) in the piezoelectric layer 41. The two low potential parts 55 are arranged, respectively, on the one end in the Y direction (the left end of FIG. 7) and the other end in the Y direction (the right end of FIG. 7) of the piezoelectric layer 41, at a location on the other side in the X direction (the lower side of FIG. 7) in the piezoelectric layer 41.

[0044] Each of the two high potential parts 54 is constructed of a plurality of electrodes 54a arranged to be separated from each other in the X direction. Each of the two low potential parts 55 is constructed of a plurality of electrodes 55a arranged to be separated from each other in the X direction. The plurality of electrodes 54a and the plurality of electrodes 55a have sizes and shapes in the plane orthogonal to the Z direction which are substantially and mutually same. The driver IC 82 is controlled by the controller so as to supply the high potential (VDD potential) to the plurality of electrodes 54a and to apply the low potential (GND potential) to the plurality of electrodes 55a via the wiring of the COF 81. The plurality of electrodes 54a is maintained at the high potential, and the plurality of electrodes 55a is maintained at the low potential.

[0045] Among the three electrode layers 71 to 73, the electrode 72 arranged on an upper surface of the piezoelectric layer 42 (between the piezoelectric layer 41 and the piezoelectric layer 42 in the Z direction) has a high potential electrode 52, two low potential parts 56, two floating electrode parts 64 and a floating electrode part 65, as depicted in FIG. 8. The electrode layer 72 corresponds to a “second electrode layer” of the present disclosure.

[0046] The high potential electrode 52 has a trunk part 521, seven branched parts 523 branched (bifurcated) from the trunk part 521 and a plurality of individual electrodes 52a each of which is branched (bifurcated) from one of the seven branched parts 523. The high potential electrodes 52 is maintained at the high potential (first potential) and corresponds to a “second electrode” of the present disclosure.

[0047] The trunk part 521 includes one extending part 521a which extends in the Y direction and two extending parts 521b each of which extends in the X direction. The extending part 521a extends in the Y direction at an end in the X direction (upper end of FIG. 8) of the piezoelectric layer 42. One of the two extending parts 521b is connected to one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 8) of the extending part 521a; the other of the two extending parts 521b is connected to the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 8) of the extending part 521a. Each of the two extending parts 521b extends from a contact part thereof with respect to the extending part 521a toward the other side in the X direction (lower side of FIG. 8).

[0048] Each of the two extending parts 521b overlaps, in the Z direction, with three electrodes 54a (see FIG. 7), of the plurality of electrodes 54a, constructing one of the two high potential parts 54. Each of the two extending parts 521b is electrically connected to the three electrodes 54a via through holes 41x (see FIG. 7) formed in the piezoelectric layer 41 and receives the high potential from the three electrodes 54a. Namely, each of the two extending parts 521b is provided with a contact with respect to the COF 81 which is the electric power supply part. The high potential received by the two extending parts 521b is supplied to each of the plurality of individual electrodes 52a via one of the seven branched parts 523.

[0049] The seven branched parts 523 each extend from the extending part 521a toward the other side in the X direction (lower side of FIG. 8) and are arranged side by side in the Y direction. A width of each of the seven branched parts 523 is smaller than a width of the trunk part 521 (the extending parts 521a and 521b).

[0050] Each of the plurality of individual electrodes 52a has a part which overlaps, in the Z direction, with a central part in the X direction of one of the plurality of pressure chambers 10, and which overlaps with one of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 in the Z direction (see FIG. 5). The plurality of individual electrodes 52 are aligned in the X direction and construct a plurality of individual electrode rows 52R each of which corresponds to one of the plurality of driving electrode rows 51R (see FIG. 7). The plurality of individual electrode rows 52R are arranged side by side in the Y direction.

[0051] Each of the seven branched parts 523 connects individual electrodes 52a, of the plurality of individual electrodes 52a, constructing one of the individual electrode rows 52R. The extending part 521a of the trunk part 521 connects the seven branched parts 523. The extending part 521a has seven bifurcation parts A from each of which one of the seven branched parts 523 is bifurcated (branched).

[0052] The two low potential parts 56 are arranged, respectively, on one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 8) and on the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 8) of the piezoelectric layer 42, on the other side in the X direction (lower side of FIG. 8) in the piezoelectric layer 42. Each of the two low potential parts 56 is constructed of two electrodes 56a and one electrode 56b which are arranged to be separated from one another in the X direction.

[0053] The two floating electrode parts 64 are arranged, respectively, on the one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 8) and on the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 8) of the piezoelectric layer 42, at a location between the two extending parts 521b and the two low potential parts 56 in the X direction. Each of the two floating electrode parts 64 is constructed of a plurality of electrodes 64a which are arranged to be separated from each other in the X direction.

[0054] The floating electrode part 65 is arranged at the other end in the X direction (lower end of FIG. 8) of the piezoelectric layer 42. The floating electrode part 65 is constructed of a plurality of electrodes 65a which are arranged to be separated from each other in the Y direction. The plurality of electrodes 65a have a size and a shape in the plane orthogonal to the Z direction which are substantially and mutually same among the plurality of electrodes 65a, and the plurality of electrodes 65a are arranged side by side in the Y direction at equal intervals therebetween.

[0055] The two electrodes 56a of each of the two low potential parts 56 and the plurality of electrodes 64a of each of the two floating electrodes parts 64 have a size and a shape in the plane orthogonal to the Z direction which are substantially and mutually same with each other, and are arranged at each of the one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 8) and the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 8) of the piezoelectric layer 42, at equal intervals therebetween. On the other hand, the electrode 56b of each of the two low potential parts 56 has a length in the X direction which is longer than that of the two electrodes 56a.

[0056] The two electrodes 56a overlap, in the Z direction, respectively with two electrodes 55a included in the plurality of electrodes 55a of the low potential part 55 (see FIG. 7). The two electrodes 56a are electrically connected to the above-described two electrodes 55a via, respectively, through holes 41y formed in the piezoelectric layer 41 (see FIG. 7), and receive the low potential from the two electrodes 55a.

[0057] The electrode 56b overlaps, in the Z direction, with one electrode 55a included in the plurality of electrodes 55a of the low potential part 55 (see FIG. 7). The electrode 56b is electrically connected to the above-described one electrode 55a via a through hole 41y formed in the piezoelectric layer 41 (see FIG. 7) and receives the low potential from the one electrode 55a.

[0058] The plurality of electrodes 64a of each of the two floating electrode parts 64 and the plurality of electrodes 65a of the floating electrode part 65 are not electrically connected to any electrodes, and the potential is not applied to the plurality of electrodes 64a and the plurality of electrodes 65a.

[0059] Among the three electrode layers 71 to 73, the electrode layer 73 arranged on an upper surface of the piezoelectric layer 43 (a surface, of the piezoelectric layer 42, on a side opposite to the piezoelectric layer 41 in the Z direction) includes a low potential electrode 53, a high potential part 57 and two floating electrode parts 56, as depicted in FIG. 9. The electrode layer 73 corresponds to a “third electrode layer” of the present disclosure.

[0060] The low potential electrode 53 has a trunk part 531, six branched parts 533 branched (bifurcated) from the trunk part 531 and a plurality of individual electrodes 53a branched from each of the six branched parts 533. The low potential electrode 53 is maintained at the low potential (second potential) and corresponds to a “third electrode” of the present disclosure.

[0061] The trunk part 531 includes one extending part 531a which extends in the Y direction and two extending parts 531b each of which extends in the X direction. The extending part 531a extends in the Y direction at the other end in the X direction (lower end of FIG. 9) of the piezoelectric layer 43. One of the two extending parts 531b is connected to one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 9) of the extending part 531a; the other of the two extending parts 531b is connected to the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 9) of the extending part 531a. Each of the two extending parts 531b extends from a contact part thereof with respect to the extending part 531a toward one side in the X direction (upper side of FIG. 9).

[0062] Each of the two extending parts 531b overlaps, in the Z direction, with three electrodes 55a, of the plurality of electrodes 55a, constructing one of the two low potential parts 55 (see FIG. 7) and the three electrodes 56a and 56b (see FIG. 8) of one of the two low potential parts 56 (see FIG. 8). Each of the two extending parts 531b are electrically connected to the three electrodes 56a and 56b via, respectively, through holes 42y (see FIG. 8) formed in the piezoelectric layer 42 and receives the low potential from the three electrodes 56a and 56b. Namely, each of the two extending parts 531b is provided with a contact with respect to the COF 81 which is the electric power supply part. The low potential received by the two extending parts 531b is supplied to each of the individual electrodes 53a via one of the six branched parts 533.

[0063] The six branched parts 533 each extend from the extending part 531a toward one side in the X direction (upper side of FIG. 9) and are arranged side by side in the Y direction. A width of each of the six branched parts 533 is smaller than a width of the trunk part 531 (the extending parts 531a and 531b).

[0064] Among the plurality of individual electrodes 53a, each of individual electrodes 53a, which are different from individual electrodes 53a positioned on one end and the other end in the X direction, has a part extending while spreading over two pressure chambers 10, of the plurality of pressure chambers 10, which are adjacent to each other in the X direction, and overlapping, in the Z direction, with the two pressure chambers 10 (see FIG. 5). Each of the individual electrodes 53a positioned on one end and the other end in the X direction has a part overlapping, in the Z direction, with one pressure chamber 10 of the plurality of pressure chambers 10. Further, each of the plurality of individual electrodes 53a has a part overlapping with one of the driving electrodes 51 in the Z direction. The plurality of individual electrodes 53a are aligned in the X direction and construct a plurality of individual electrode rows 53R each of which corresponds to one of the plurality of driving electrode rows 51R (see FIG. 7). The plurality of individual electrode rows 53R are arranged side by side in the Y direction.

[0065] Each of the six branched parts 533 connects individual electrodes 53a, of the plurality of individual electrodes 53a, constructing one of the individual electrode rows 53R. The extending part 531a of the trunk part 531 connects the six branched parts 533. The extending part 531a has six bifurcation parts B from each of which one of the six branched parts 533 is bifurcated (branched).

[0066] The high potential part 57 has one first part 57a which extends in the Y direction and two second parts 57b each of which extends in the X direction. The first part 57a extends in the Y direction at one end in the X direction (upper end of FIG. 9) of the piezoelectric layer 43. One of the two second parts 57b is connected to one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 9) of the first part 57a; the other of the two second parts 57b is connected to the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 9) of the first part 57a. Each of the two second parts 57b extends from a contact part thereof with respect to the first part 57a toward the other side in the X direction (lower side of FIG. 9).

[0067] Each of the two second parts 57b overlaps, in the Z direction, with three electrodes 54a, of the plurality of electrodes 54a, constructing one of the two high potential parts 54 (see FIG. 7), and one of the two extending parts 521b of the high potential electrode 52 (see FIG. 8). Each of the two second parts 57b is electrically connected to one of the two extending parts 521b via a through hole 42x (see FIG. 8) formed in the piezoelectric layer 42 and receives the high potential from one of the two extending parts 521b.

[0068] The two floating electrode parts 66 are arranged, respectively, on one end in the Y direction (left end of FIG. 9) and on the other end in the Y direction (right end of FIG. 9) of the piezoelectric layer 43, at a location between the two second parts 57b and the two extending parts 531b in the X direction. Each of the two floating electrode parts 66 is constructed of a plurality of electrodes 66a arranged to be separated from each other in the X direction. The plurality of electrodes 66a has a size and a shape in the plane orthogonal to the Z direction which are substantially and mutually same among the plurality of electrodes 66a, and the plurality of electrodes 66a is arranged side by side in the Y direction at equal intervals therebetween.

[0069] The plurality of electrodes 66a of each of the two floating electrode part 66 are not electrically connected to any electrodes, and the potential is not applied to the plurality of electrodes 66a.

[0070] As depicted in FIG. 5, a part, of the piezoelectric layer 41, which is sandwiched, in the Z direction, between a driving electrode 51 of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 and an individual electrode 52a of the plurality of individual electrodes 52a of the high potential electrode part 52 is referred to as a first active part 91. Apart, of each of the piezoelectric layers 41 and 42, which is sandwiched, in the Z direction, between the driving electrode 51 of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 and an individual electrode 53a of the plurality of individual electrodes 53a of the low potential electrode 53 is referred to as a second active part 92. The first active part 91 is polarized mainly upward, and the second active part 92 is polarized mainly downward. The actuator member 22 has actuators 90 each of which is constructed of one piece of the first active part 91 and two pieces of the second active part 92 with respect to one of the plurality of pressure chambers 10. In each of the actuators 90, the two second active parts 92 are separated from each other and sandwiches the first active part 91 therebetween in the X direction. The X direction corresponds to an “orthogonal direction” of the present disclosure.

[0071] Here, an explanation will be given about an operation of an actuator 90, among the actuators 90, which corresponds to a certain nozzle 15, of the plurality of nozzles 15, in a case that the ink is caused to be discharged from the certain nozzle 15, with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.

[0072] Before the printer 100 starts a recording operation, the low potential (GND potential) is applied to each of the plurality of driving electrodes 51, as depicted in FIG. 6A. In this situation, an electric field which is upward same as the polarization direction of the first active part 91 is generated in the first active part 91 due to a difference in the potential between the driving electrode 51 and the high potential electrode 52, and thus the first active part 91 is contracted in a plane direction (a direction along the X direction and the Y direction). With this, a part which is included in a stacked body constructed of the piezoelectric layers 41 to 43 and which overlaps, in the Z direction, with a certain pressure chamber 10 of the plurality of pressure chambers 10 corresponding to the certain nozzle 15 is deflexed (deformed) to project toward the certain pressure chamber 10 (project downward). In this situation, the volume of the certain pressure chamber 10 is made small as compared with a case that the stacked body is flat.

[0073] In a case that the printer 1 starts the recording operation and that the ink is to be discharged from the certain nozzle 15, first, as depicted in FIG. 6B, the potential of a certain driving electrode 51 of the plurality of driving electrodes 51 which corresponds to the certain nozzle 15 is switched from the low potential (GND potential) to the high potential (VDD potential). In this situation, the difference in potential is ceased to exist between the certain driving electrode 51 and the high voltage electrode 52, thereby cancelling the contraction of the first active part 91. On the other hand, a difference in potential is generated between the certain driving electrode 51 and the low potential electrode 53, an electric field which is downward same as the polarization direction of the two second active parts 92 is generated in each of the two second active parts 92, and thus each of the two second active parts 91 is contracted in the plane direction. Note, however, that each of the second active parts 92 has a function of suppressing a crosstalk (a phenomenon in which a variation in the pressure, in a certain pressure chamber 10, accompanying with deformation of the actuator 90 is propagated to another pressure chamber 10 which is adjacent to the certain pressure chamber 10 in the X direction), and each of the two second active parts 92 hardly contributes to the deformation of the actuator 90. Namely, in this situation, the part which is included in the stacked body and which overlaps, in the Z direction, with the certain pressure chamber 10 corresponding to the certain nozzle 15 is not deflexed (deformed) to project in a direction separating away from the certain pressure chamber 10 (project upward), and the stacked body is in the flat state. With this, the volume of the certain pressure chamber 10 is made great as compared with the illustration of FIG. 6A.

[0074] Afterward, as depicted in FIG. 6A, the potential of the certain driving electrode 51 which corresponds to the certain nozzle 15 is switched from the high potential (VDD potential) to the low potential (GND potential). In this situation, the difference in potential is ceased to exist between the certain driving electrode 51 and the low voltage electrode 53, thereby cancelling the contraction of the second active parts 92. On the other hand, the difference in potential is generated between the certain driving electrode 51 and the high potential electrode 52, thereby generating, in the first active part 91, the electric field which is upward same as the polarization direction of the first active part 91, and thus the first active part 91 is contracted in the plane direction. With this, the part which is included in the stacked body and which overlaps, in the Z direction, with the certain pressure chamber 10 corresponding to the certain nozzle 15 is deflexed (deformed) to project toward the certain pressure chamber 10 (project downward). In this situation, the volume of the certain pressure chamber 10 is greatly reduced, thereby applying a large pressure to the ink inside the certain pressure chamber 10, thereby causing the ink to be discharged from the certain nozzle 15.

[0075] In addition to the plurality of individual channels 19 and the twelve common channels 11, a communicating channel 60 (see FIGS. 10 and 11) is formed in the channel 21. The communicating channel 60 communicates with the plurality of individual channels 19 and the twelve common channels 11 (see FIG. 11).

[0076] The communicating channel 60 has four overlapping parts 61 extending in the Y direction and a plurality of connecting parts 62 each of which connects one of the four overlapping parts 61 to one of the twelve common channels 11, as depicted in FIG. 10.

[0077] Each of the four overlapping parts 61 extends across or over six common channels 11 of the twelve common channels 11 and connects the six common channels 11 to one another. Specifically, two channel groups 11g each of which is constructed of the six common channels 11 are arranged side by side in the Y direction. The six common channels 11 constructing each of the two channel groups 11g are connected or coupled to one another at one ends 11a and the other ends 11b, in the X direction, of the six common channels 11, respectively, by two overlapping parts 61 of the four overlapping parts 61.

[0078] Each of the two channel groups 11g includes two channel sets 11s each of which is constructed of three common channels 11 of the six common channels 11. The two channel sets 11s are arranged side by side in the Y direction. In the three common channels 11 constructing each of the two channel sets 11s, a flowing direction in which the ink flows is same. In the two channel sets 11s, the flowing directions of the ink are mutually opposite. Each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects the one ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channel sets his and the other ends 11b of the three common channels 11 constructing the other of the two channel sets 11s, to one another.

[0079] In the communicating channel 60, the ink flows as described in the following, due to the difference in pressure between the one end 11a and the other end 11b of each of the common channels 11. The ink inside the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channel sets 11s flows into the overlapping part 61 from three connecting parts 62, of the plurality of connecting parts 62, which are connected to the one ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channels sets 11s. This ink flows in the inside of the overlapping part 61 in the Y direction, and then flows out into the three common channels 11 constructing the other of the two channels sets 11s, from the three connecting parts 62 connected to the other ends 11b of the three common channels 11 constructing the other of the two channels sets 11s.

[0080] Among the four overlapping parts 61, two overlapping parts 62 arranged on the one side in the X direction (the upper side in FIG. 10) overlap, in the Z direction, with the extending part 521a (see FIG. 8) of the trunk part 521 of the high potential electrode 52; the respective two overlapping parts 62 extend while spreading over the plurality of bifurcation parts A. The trunk part 521 is arranged on one ends (11a, 11b) in the X direction of the twelve common channels 11 (the upper ends in FIG. 10) and corresponds to a “first trunk part” of the present disclosure. The two overlapping parts 61 overlapping, in the Z direction, with the trunk part 521 corresponds to a “first overlapping part” of the present disclosure.

[0081] Among the four overlapping parts 61, two overlapping parts 62 arranged on the other side in the X direction (the lower side in FIG. 10) overlap, in the Z direction, with the extending part 531a (see FIG. 9) of the trunk part 531 of the low potential electrode 53; the respective two overlapping parts 62 extend while spreading over the plurality of bifurcation parts B. The trunk part 531 is arranged on the other ends (11b, 11a) in the X direction of the twelve common channels 11 (the lower ends in FIG. 10) and corresponds to a “second trunk part” of the present disclosure. The two overlapping parts 61 overlapping, in the Z direction, with the trunk part 531 corresponds to a “second overlapping part” of the present disclosure.

[0082] As depicted in FIG. 11, each of the four overlapping parts 61 is formed in the plates 31 and 32 of the channel member 21. The four overlapping parts 61 are each formed by a recessed part formed in a lower surface of the plate 31 and a recessed part formed in an upper surface of the plate 32 by, for example, half etching, etc. Each of the plurality of connecting parts 62 extends in the Z direction and connecting the lower surface of one of the four overlapping parts 62 and the upper surface of one of the twelve common channels 11. Each of plurality of connecting parts 62 is formed on a lower half of the plate 32 and is opened in the lower surface of the plate 32.

[0083] The COF 81 has a central part 81a arranged on the upper surface of the actuator member 22 and two drawn-out parts 81b which are drawn upward from both ends in the X direction of the central part 81a, as depicted in FIGS. 12 and 13. The driver IC 82 is mounted on each of the two drawn-out parts 81b, as two driver ICs 82.

[0084] As depicted in FIG. 13, the COF 81 is arranged along an outer surface of a holding member 80. The holding member 80 has a function of holding a posture of the COF 81, and is arranged on an upper surface of the central part 81a. The two drawn-out parts 81b are arranged on an upper surface of the holding member 80. The central part 81a of the COF 81 and the actuator member 22 are arranged between the holding member 81 and the channel member 21 in the Z direction.

[0085] As described above, according to the present embodiment, the communicating channel 60 has the four overlapping parts 61 each of which overlaps, in the Z direction, with the trunk part 521 (extending parts 521a) or the trunk part 531 (extending part 531a) (see FIGS. 8 to 10). A vicinity part, in the channel member 21, which is in the vicinity of the trunk part 521 (extending parts 521a) or the trunk part 531 (extending part 531a) is cooled with the ink flowing in each of the four overlapping parts 61, thereby suppressing the occurrence of such a situation that the temperature of the vicinity part locally becomes to be high. With this, it is possible to suppress any unevenness in the viscosity of the ink inside the channel member 21. Further, since the communicating channel 60 communicates with the plurality of individual channels 19, it is possible to simplify the configuration of the head 3 as compared with a case wherein another channel for cooling is provided separately.

[0086] Each of the four overlapping parts 61 extends while spreading over the plurality of bifurcation parts A or B (see FIGS. 8 to 10). In this case, the configuration of the communicating channel 60 can be made simple as compared with a case of providing the overlapping parts 61 each with respect to one of the plurality of bifurcation parts A and with respect to one of the plurality of bifurcation parts B.

[0087] At least a part of each of the overlapping parts 61 is formed in the plate 31 in which the plurality of pressure chambers 10 are formed (see FIG. 11). In this case, by using the plate 31 in which the plurality of pressure chambers 10 are formed for the formation of the communicating channel 60, there is no need to prepare a large number of plates for forming the communicating channel 60, thereby making it possible to simplify the configuration of the head 3 and to realize a low cost for the head 3.

[0088] The width of the trunk part 521 is greater than the width of each of the branched parts 523, and the width of the trunk parts 531 is greater than the width of each of the branched parts 533 (see FIGS. 8 and 9). It is necessary to secure the cross-sectional area for the trunk parts 521 and 531 in order to supply the potential. In order to secure the cross-sectional area, it is conceivable to make the thickness and/or the width of the trunk parts 521 and 531 be great; in such a case, however, the increased thickness might cause warping due to thermal contraction during the calcination of electrode to easily occur. Accordingly, from the viewpoint of suppressing the warping, it is desired to increase the width of the trunk parts 521 and 531. However, the increased width of the trunk parts 521 and 531 might make the problem of the heat generation in the trunk parts 521 and 531 be more prominent. By applying the present disclosure in such cases, it is possible to effectively obtain the effect by the present disclosure.

[0089] The actuator 90 has the first active part 91 and the two second active parts 92 (see FIGS. 6A and 6B). In this case, in a case that the variation in pressure due to the deformation of the first active part 91 corresponding to a certain pressure chamber 10 is transmitted to another pressure chamber 10 adjacent to the certain pressure chamber 10, the variation in pressure is cancelled by the deformation of the two second parts 92, thereby making it possible to effectively suppress the crosstalk.

[0090] The plurality of individual electrode rows 52R and the plurality of individual electrode rows 53R which are constructed, respectively, of the plurality of individual electrodes 52a and the plurality of individual electrodes 53a aligned in the X direction are provided (see FIGS. 8 and 9). The plurality of individual electrode rows 52R are arranged side by side in the Y direction, and the plurality of individual electrode rows 53R are arranged side by side in the Y direction. The branched parts 523 and 533 extend in the X direction and arranged side by side in the Y direction so as to correspond, respectively, to the plurality of individual electrode rows 52R and the plurality of individual electrode rows 53R. The extending part 521a of the trunk part 521 and the extending part 531a of the trunk part 523 extend in the Y direction. The two overlapping parts 61, among the four overlapping parts 61, of the communicating channel 60 extend in the Y direction so as to correspond to the extending part 521a or 531a, and overlaps with the extending part 521a or 531a in the Z direction (see FIG. 10). In this case, it is possible to realize an effective configuration suitable for the alignment and arrangement of the individual electrodes 52a and 53a.

[0091] Each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects the six common channels 11 to one another (see FIG. 10). In this case, it is possible to suppress any increase in the size in the X direction of each of the channel member 21 and the actuator member 22, as compared with a case, as in a second embodiment to be descried later on (see FIG. 14) that branched channels 211a and 211b are connected to one another.

[0092] Each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects the one ends 11a, in the three common channels 11, communicating with the ink supply port 8 and the other ends 11b, in the other three common channels 11, communicating with the ink return port 9 to one another (see FIG. 10). In this case, it is possible to make the flow rate (flowing speed) of the ink flowing in each of the four overlapping parts 61 to be great, by utilizing the difference in the pressure between the one ends 11a and the other ends 11b, thereby making it possible to enhance the cooling effect.

[0093] The trunk parts 521 and 531 are arranged, respectively, on both ends in the X direction of the twelve common channels 11, and the four overlapping parts 61 are provided on both ends such that two pieces of the four overlapping parts 61 are arranged on the one end in the X direction and that two pieces of the four overlapping parts 61 are arranged on the other end in the X direction. In this case, it is possible to suppress occurrence of such a situation that the temperature in both ends in the X direction of the twelve common channels 11 become to be locally high by the trunk parts 521 and 531.

Second Embodiment

[0094] Next, an explanation will be given about a head 203 according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, with reference to FIG. 14.

[0095] In the first embodiment, each of the four overlapping parts 61 of the communicating channel 60 connects the six common channels 11 to one another (see FIG. 10). In contrast to this, in the second embodiment, each of four overlapping parts 261, of a communicating channel 260, connects two branched channels 211a and 221b to each other (see FIG. 14)

[0096] The branched channel 211a connects ends in the X direction (one ends 11a) of three common channels 11 constructing each of channel sets 11s and communicates with an ink supply channel 8. The branched channel 211b connects ends in the X direction (other ends 11b) of the three common channels 11 constructing each of channel sets 11s and communicates with an ink return port 9. The branched channel 211a corresponds to a “first branched channel” of the present disclosure, and the branched channel 211b corresponds to a “second branched channel” of the present disclosure. The branched channels 211a and 211b each extend in the X direction and are arranged alternately in the Y direction.

[0097] The three common channels 11 constructing each of the channel sets 11s are connected to each other at the one ends 11a and the other ends 11b thereof, respectively, by the branched channels 211a and 211b.

[0098] Each of the four overlapping parts 261 extends in the Y direction and connects the branched channel 211a corresponding to one of two channel sets 11s constructing one of two channel groups 11g and the branched channel 211b corresponding to the other of the two channel sets 11s constructing the one channel group 11g of the two channel groups 11g.

[0099] In the communicating channel 260, the ink flows as described in the following, due to the difference in pressure between the branched channels 211a and 211b. The ink inside the branched channel 211a corresponding to one of the two channel sets 11s flows into the overlapping part 261 from the connecting part 262. This ink flows in the inside of the overlapping part 261 in the Y direction, and then flows out into the branched channel 211b constructing the other of the two channels sets 11s.

[0100] As described above, according to the second embodiment, each of the four overlapping parts 261 connects the two branched channels 211a and 221b to each other, rather than the common channels 11. In this case, it is possible to lower the number (quantity) of the connecting part 262 which serves as a branched point or a joining point of the flow of the ink, and to suppress any lowering in the flow rate and/or any stagnation (accumulation) of the air which might be generated in the connecting part(s) 262, as compared with the case of connecting the common channels 11. This consequently makes it possible to suppress any lowering in the cooling effect due to any lowering in the flow rate and/or any stagnation of the air.

[0101] Each of the four overlapping parts 261 connects the branched channel 211a which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing one channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g and which communicates with the ink supply port 8 and the branched channel 211b which corresponds to the other of the two channel sets 11s constructing the one channel groups 11g of the two channel groups 11g and which communicates with the ink return port 9. In this case, it is possible to make the flow rate of the ink flowing in each of the four overlapping parts 261 to be great, by utilizing the difference in the pressure between the branched channel 211a and the branched channel 211b, thereby making it possible to enhance the cooling effect.

[0102] While the invention has been described in conjunction with various example structures outlined above and illustrated in the figures, various alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and/or substantial equivalents, whether known or that may be presently unforeseen, may become apparent to those having at least ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, the example embodiments of the disclosure, as set forth above, are intended to be illustrative of the invention, and not limiting the invention. Various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the disclosure is intended to embrace all known or later developed alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and/or substantial equivalents. Some specific examples of potential alternatives, modifications, or variations in the described invention are provided below.

[0103] <Modifications>

[0104] Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been explained above, the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments; various design changes are possible, without departing from the claims.

[0105] The communicating channel is not limited to or restricted by being positioned below the trunk part and may be positioned above the trunk part.

[0106] In the above-described embodiment, although the communicating channel is constructed of the recessed part(s) (see FIG. 11) formed in the plates, the communicating channel is not limited to this and may be constructed of a through hole.

[0107] In the first embodiment (see FIG. 10), although each of the four overlapping parts 61 extends across the six common channels 11 and communicate with each of the six common channels 11, the present disclosure is not limited to this. It is allowable, for example, that each of the four overlapping parts 61 communicate with two common channels 11 among the six common channels 11.

[0108] In the first embodiment (see FIG. 10), although each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects the one ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channel sets 11s and communicating with the ink supply port 8 and the other ends 11b of the three common channels 11 constructing the one of the two channel sets 11s and communicating with the ink return port 9, to one another, the present disclosure is not limited to this. It is allowable, for example, that each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects one ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channel sets 11s and one ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing the other of the two channel sets 11s, to one another, or that each of the four overlapping parts 61 connects the other ends 11a of the three common channels 11 constructing one of the two channel sets 11s and the other ends 11b of the three common channels 11 constructing the other of the two channel sets 11s, to one another.

[0109] In the second embodiment (see FIG. 14), each of the four overlapping parts 261 connects the branched channel 211a which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing one channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g and which communicates with the ink supply port 8 and the branched channel 211b which corresponds to the other of the two channel sets 11s constructing the one channel groups 11g of the two channel groups 11g and which communicates with the ink return port 9. The present disclosure, however, is not limited to this. It is allowable, for example, that each of the four overlapping parts 261 connects the branched channel 211a which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing one channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g and the branched channel 211a which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing the other channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g, or that each of the four overlapping parts 261 connects the branched channel 211b which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing one channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g and the branched channel 211b which corresponds to one of two channel sets 11s constructing the other channel group 11g of two channel groups 11g.

[0110] In the above-described embodiments, although each of the common channels 11 extends in the X direction and communicates with the ink supply port 8 at the one end 11a in the X direction thereof and communicates with the ink return port 9 at the other end 11b in the X direction thereof, the present disclosure is not limited to this. It is allowable, for example, that each of the common channels 11 is configured to have a U-shape having a pair of parts extending in the X direction and a bottom part connecting one ends of the pair of parts extending in the X direction, wherein the other ends of the pair of parts communicate, respectively, with the ink supply port 8 and the ink return port 9.

[0111] The present disclosure is not limited to the configuration that the first potential is the high potential and that the second potential is the low potential; the reverse of this (namely, the first potential is the low potential and that the second potential is the high potential) is also allowable. In such a case, the high potential electrode 52 may be positioned in the lowermost layer, and the low potential electrode 53 may be positioned in the intermediate layer.

[0112] Although the number (quantity) of the piezoelectric layer constructing the actuator member is 3 (three) in the above-described embodiment, the number (quantity) of the piezoelectric layer may be 2 (two) or not less than 4 (four). For example, in the above-described embodiment (see FIG. 4), it is allowable to provide a vibration plate made of stainless steel, etc., rather than providing the piezoelectric layer 43. Alternatively, in the above-described embodiment (see FIG. 4), it is allowable to arrange another piezoelectric layer between the piezoelectric layer 43 of the actuator member 22 and the plate 31 of the channel member 21.

[0113] The present disclosure is not limited to the printer, and is applicable also to facsimiles, copy machines, multifunction peripherals, etc. Further, the present disclosure is also applicable to a liquid discharge apparatus used for any other application than the image recording (for example, a liquid discharge apparatus which forms an electroconductive pattern by discharging an electroconductive liquid on a substrate).