Machine tool

Abstract

A machine tool arranged to deliver an energy source through a processing head onto a work-piece, wherein; the machine-tool has a clamping mechanism arranged to temporarily receive the processing-head, or another machining or processing-head, to process a work-piece; the processing-head comprising one or more guiding mechanisms arranged to direct the energy source onto a work-piece and a processing-head docking-manifold arranged to have connected thereto one or more media to be, in use, supplied to the processing-head to facilitate processing of the work-piece; wherein the processing-head docking-manifold allows the one or more media to be supplied to the processing-head when the processing-head is connected to the clamping mechanism; and wherein the machine-tool also comprises at least one mechanism arranged to move a supply docking-manifold into and/or out of connection with the processing-head docking-manifold such that when the two manifolds are connected the or each media is supplied to the processing head.

Claims

1. A machine tool comprising: a clamp configured to temporarily receive each of a plurality of different processing heads; and a docking manifold configured to be alternatively moved between an active position and an inactive position, wherein the docking manifold, when in the active position, is to temporarily connect to a complimentary docking manifold of a particular processing head when the particular processing head is received by the clamp, wherein the docking manifold comprises a first set of ducts configured to align with a complimentary second set of ducts of the complimentary docking manifold when the docking manifold is temporarily connected to the complimentary docking manifold, and the first set of ducts comprises at least one duct through which the one or more media are to be supplied to the particular processing head, wherein the one or more media comprise a processable medium to be processed by the particular processing head, wherein the docking manifold is to be moved to the inactive position when the clamp receives another one of the plurality of different processing heads.

2. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein: the clamp is configured to temporarily receive different processing heads in a plurality of different processing heads at different times; and the docking manifold is configured to be temporarily connected to each of at least some of the processing heads in the plurality of different processing heads.

3. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the docking manifold is further configured to allow energy from an energy source of the particular processing head to be transmitted into the processing head.

4. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein at least some of the first set of ducts are configured to be sealed when the docking manifold is not connected to the complimentary docking manifold.

5. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the first set of ducts of the docking manifold are further configured to receive a cooling medium to cool at least a portion of the processing head.

6. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the docking manifold is configured to align an energy source with a particular one of the first set of ducts of the docking manifold.

7. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the docking manifold is configured to provide to the particular processing head at least one of: a laser beam, an electron beam, an arc, plasma, focused electromagnetic radiation, or divergent electromagnetic radiation.

8. The machine tool of claim 1, wherein the docking manifold is configured to provide to the particular processing head at least one of: a metal, a polymer, a ceramic material, a cooling fluid, a processing fluid, or a gas.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) There now follows, by way of example only, a detailed description of an embodiment of the invention of which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a machine tool;

(3) FIG. 2 schematically shows a section through parts of an embodiment of the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 shows further detail of a manifold used in an embodiment of the invention;

(5) FIG. 4a shows an embodiment of the invention in an unassembled manner;

(6) FIG. 4b shows the embodiment of FIG. 4a in a partially assembled manner;

(7) FIG. 4c shows the embodiment of FIGS. 4a and 4b in a fully assembled manner;

(8) FIG. 5 shows a view of an embodiment of the invention from a first angle;

(9) FIG. 6 shows a view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 from a second angle;

(10) FIG. 7 shows a view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 from a third angle highlighting a transport mechanism;

(11) FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 illustrating media supplies thereof;

(12) FIG. 9 outlines a flow-chart illustrating a method of using the embodiment described in relation to FIGS. 1 to 5;

(13) FIG. 10 shows an example work-piece that has been processed by a machine-tool according to an embodiment of the invention;

(14) FIG. 11 shows a schematic illustration of an alternative processing head in accordance with another aspect of the invention, and

(15) FIG. 12 is an illustration of a further alternative processing head;

(16) FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment for applying a heated polymer;

(17) FIG. 14 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment for applying a liquid media to a work piece;

(18) FIG. 15 is a schematic drawing of an embodiment for applying a heated polymer;

(19) FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment using a plasma transferred arc based energy source;

(20) FIG. 17a shows the embodiment of FIG. 16 in an unassembled manner;

(21) FIG. 17b shows the embodiment of FIG. 17a in a partially assembled manner;

(22) FIG. 17c shows the embodiment of FIGS. 17a and 17b in a fully assembled manner; and

(23) FIG. 18 shows a further embodiment in which a processing head is arranged to deliver a source of energy onto a work piece.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(24) FIG. 1 shows, schematically, a machine-tool 100, which typically comprises a machining head 102 held in a clamping mechanism of the machine-tool 100 and arranged to machine a work-piece 104. Further, the machine-tool 100 is usually controlled by a controller 106 which controls the position of the machining-head 102 as it processes the work-piece 104.

(25) Most machine-tools 100 are arranged such that the machining-head 102 can be interchanged with other machining-heads 102 in order that the correct machining-head 102 is provided for the task at hand. Providing the example of milling machine, then a first machining-head may be provided for coarse material removal, whereas a second machining-head may be provided for fine material removal.

(26) As such, machine-tools 100 have tool-changers which can, typically under the control of the controller 106, change the machining head 102 being used by the machine-tool 100 to process the work-piece 104.

(27) FIG. 2 illustrates a processing-head 200 which connects to the machine-tool 100 using the clamping mechanism 202 of the machine-tool 100 and which can be stored in a store of machining-heads and automatically connected to the machine-tool 100 with a tool-changer thereof. Here the tool-changer may provide a storage-location for processing-heads, machining-heads, etc. which are not currently being used by the machine-tool. Discussion herein refers to a clamping-mechanism 202 and it is assumed that a spindle into which the clamping mechanism 202 connects is part of the machine-tool 100.

(28) In the embodiment being described, the processing head 200 is arranged to focus a laser beam 206 onto the work-piece 104. In other embodiments, other energy sources may be utilised instead of the laser. Thus, the processing head is arranged, under the control of the controller 106, to process the work-piece 104 with the focussed laser beam 206 (or other energy source).

(29) In FIG. 2, a section is shown through the processing-head 200 and it can be seen that a reflector, such as a mirror 208, arranged to move an incoming laser beam 210 through ninety degrees to be incident upon a focussing-lens 212 for creation of the focussed-laser beam 206. The focusing-lens 212 may be thought of as being a guiding-mechanism. It will be appreciated that other processing heads 200 may have other arrangements of the optical parts such as the reflector and focussing lens, or indeed may have additional optical parts.

(30) In addition to the laser beam and optical components, the processing-head 200 also contains one or more ducts to deliver a media. For the example, the media may comprise a polymer and/or metallic powder within a transport fluid which is arranged to be melted by the energy source. The processing is arranged such that media is delivered through the processing-head and it passed into the energy source such that it is molten or at least semi-molten before the media reaches the work-piece 104. As such, the processing-head can be used to deposit material onto the work-piece and provide a deposition system, which may for example be used to repair parts.

(31) The machine tool (including a spindle) and the clamping-mechanism 202 have a longitudinal axis, represented by the dashed line XX in FIG. 2. Should a machining-head (such as a milling cutter) be present within the clamping-mechanism 202 then it would rotate about the axis XX. Conveniently, the energy source, which in the embodiment being described is the laser-beam 206, is focused onto a point, area, etc. 213 that lies substantially upon the axis XX on the surface of the work-piece 106.

(32) In other embodiments, the focusing-lens 212 may in fact be arranged to cause a divergent beam, such as would be the case for pre-heating the substrate, heat treating the work piece or in some types of thermal spraying and the like.

(33) Although not shown in the drawings, some embodiments of the invention may be arranged to transmit an energy source through a spindle of the machine tool along the axis XX; ie from the region of point 207 shown in FIG. 2. In such embodiments the supply-unit would supply media to the processing head 200.

(34) Adjacent to the processing head 200 and clamping-mechanism 202 there is provided a supply-unit 214 which provides a housing in which various components are housed. The processing-head 200 comprises a processing-head docking-manifold 201 and the supply-unit 214 comprises a supply docking-manifold 300, described hereinafter, which are arranged to mate with one another to connect the supply-unit 214 to the processing-head 200 in the condition as shown in FIG. 2.

(35) On top of the supply-unit 214 there is provided an energy source 216, which in the embodiment being described is a laser. The laser 216 generates a beam which is transmitted into the supply-unit 214 and passes through a beam expander 217 comprising a first and a second lens 218, 220 respectively. The beam expander 217 is utilised to increase the diameter of the laser beam in order to achieve a better final focus onto the work-piece 104 and reduce the thermal load on the optics.

(36) The supply-unit 214 also comprises a further reflector 222 arranged to reflect the beam of light from the laser through 90° toward the processing head 200 and the reflector 208 therewithin. Each of the lenses 218, 220 and reflector 222 may be thought of as being guiding mechanism provided within the supply-unit 214.

(37) The supply-unit 214 also comprises a supply of various media 224 which connects through the manifold to the processing-head 200 when the supply-unit 214 is connected thereto.

(38) The skilled person will appreciate that the area 226 around the work-piece 104 is typically referred to as the working area (or volume) of the machine-tool.

(39) FIG. 3 shows the supply docking-manifold 300 of the supply-unit 214 of an embodiment of the invention. Central to the supply docking-manifold 300 is a duct 302 arranged to allow the energy source, which in the embodiments described herein is a laser, to pass between the supply-unit 214 and the processing-head 200.

(40) Also visible on the supply docking-manifold 300 are ducts 304, 306, 308, 310 which are arranged to deliver cooling medium, a shielding gas and material to be processed by the processing-head 200 from the supply-unit 214 to the processing-head 200. Typically a seal will be provided on at least one of the manifold on the supply-unit 214 and the manifold on the processing head 200 in order that the ducts 304-310 are sealed and to prevent the escape of the media passing therethrough.

(41) As the skilled person will appreciate the shielding gas will typically be an inert gas such as argon or the like arranged to prevent chemical reactions, such as oxidation, etc, from occurring on the work-piece 104 as it is being processed.

(42) In some embodiments, the beam expander 217 may be arranged such that it may be adjusted in order to vary the focal point of the final focus. Such an arrangement may help to determine whether material to be processed is melted by the energy source within the processing-head or after the processing-head. The skilled person will appreciate that varying the point at which the processable material melts can determine the bonding, finish and residual stress on the work-piece being processed.

(43) In one embodiment, the mating surfaces of the two manifolds (ie face 312 on the supply docking-manifold 300 and the corresponding face on the processing-head docking-manifold) are substantially planar so that, as described hereinafter, the supply-unit 214 can be docked when away from the processing head 200 in a manner to prevent the ingress of dirt into the duct 302 in particular. Thus, the substantially planar surface may be thought of as a flat surface and may be thought of as providing an alignment mechanism.

(44) Also provided on the supply docking-manifold 300 are provided locating mechanisms (in this case locating pins 314, 316) arranged to engage with complementary features on the processing-head docking-manifold. The skilled person will appreciate the pins 314, 316 be provided on the processing-head docking-manifold and recesses on the supply docking-manifold 300 or one or more pins may be provided on each manifold. Indeed locating mechanisms other than locating pins may be used. The locating mechanisms, in addition to the substantially planar surfaces, may be thought of as being an alignment mechanism.

(45) FIG. 4 shows the supply-unit 214, the processing head 200 and the clamping mechanism 202 arranged in various conditions relative to one another as is now described.

(46) In FIG. 4a, shows an undocked condition, in which the supply-unit 214 is in a first condition, which may be thought of as a storage condition. The supply docking-manifold 300 thereon is positioned against a substantially planar docking surface 400 in order that the ducts 302-310 are closed. The processing head 200 is stored away from the clamping-mechanism 202. Often the processing head 200 will be stored in a tool-changer of the machine-tool 100 but this need not be the case.

(47) FIG. 4b shows the system in a condition in which the processing-head 200 has been positioned within the clamping mechanism 202 whilst the supply-unit 214 remains in the first condition as shown in FIG. 4a. The processing head 200 will typically be selected and inserted into the clamping mechanism 202 using the machining head changing routine. The skilled person will appreciate that in many embodiments this changing routine is automatic, or at least semi-automatic, and is often under the control of the controller 106.

(48) FIG. 4c shows the system in a docked condition, in which the supply-unit 214 is in a second condition with the supply docking-manifold 300 cloaked against the processing-head. In the docked condition, the ducts 302-310 in the supply docking-manifold 300 align with co-operating ducts within the processing-head 200.

(49) In some embodiments, an air blast system is associated with the supply docking-manifold 300 such that as the supply docking-manifold 300 is disconnected from the processing-head docking-manifold a blast of air (or indeed any other suitable fluid) passes over or through the ducts 302-310 to help try and prevent contamination from entering those ducts.

(50) The skilled person will appreciate the three stages in FIGS. 4a to 4c outline connecting the processing-head 200 to the clamping-mechanism 202 before the supply-unit 214 is connected to the processing-head 200. In other embodiments, the order of connection may be different and for instance it is conceivable that supply-unit 214 could be connected to the processing-head 200 before the processing-head 200 is engaged into the clamping-mechanism 202.

(51) FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment although like parts are referred to the same reference numerals. FIG. 5 illustrates mechanisms that are used to move the supply-unit from the first, undocked, condition (as shown in FIG. 4a) to the second, docked, condition (as shown in FIG. 4c).

(52) FIG. 6 shows a further elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 5 looking onto the supply docking-manifold 300; ie looking at FIG. 5 from the right hand side.

(53) A first movement mechanism is provided to move the supply-unit 214 in a vertical manner and the embodiment being described this comprises a rack 500 provided along a portion of the outer surface of the supply-unit 214. The skilled person will appreciate that although the Figure illustrates the rack on a side of the supply-unit 214 is could be provided at any location around the circumference of the supply-unit 214 and there may in fact be more than one such rack. Indeed, as can be seen from FIG. 7 the embodiment being described comprises two racks 500a, 500b on the side of the supply-unit 214.

(54) FIG. 7 also more clearly shows the pinion mechanism 700 mounted on a frame 502. As the pinion mechanism 700 is activated then gears therein interact with the rack 500a, 500b and move the supply-unit 214 in up or down depending on the direction in which the gears are driven.

(55) It will also be noted from FIG. 7, that in the embodiment being described the housings of the pinion mechanism. 700 engage with the racks 500a, 500b in order to act as a guide for the supply-unit 214. In other embodiments, other guide mechanisms may be provided.

(56) A second movement mechanism is provided to move the supply-unit 214 in a horizontal direction. In the embodiment being described, the second movement mechanism comprises two worm gears 504,506 provided, one toward the top and one toward the bottom of the frame 502.

(57) It will be appreciated that each of the first and second movement mechanisms provide at least one mechanism arranged to move the supply docking-manifold 300 into and/or out of connection with the processing-head docking-manifold such that when the two manifolds are connected the or each media is supplied to the processing head; ie the ducts 302 to 310 within each of the manifolds are connected to one another.

(58) A driven gear is provided within a housing 702 adjacent the pinion mechanism 700 and arranged to drive the supply-unit 214 relative to the worm gear 504, 506 thereby moving the supply-unit 214 in a horizontal direction.

(59) In other embodiments, the first and second movement mechanisms may be provided by mechanisms other than gears. For example, pneumatic and/or hydraulic actuators may be utilised. Whilst in the embodiment being described there are two movement mechanisms, the skilled person will appreciate that in other embodiments there may be fewer, or more, movement mechanisms.

(60) FIG. 8 shows the supply docking-manifold 300 of the embodiment of FIG. 5 in more detail. It can be seen that in this embodiment the ducts 304-310 comprise connectors at end regions thereof and arranged to connect with complementary connectors within the processing-head docking manifold.

(61) In summary of the above, and with reference to FIG. 9, in order to change the processing head on the machine-tool 100 the machine-tools controller 106 instigates its tool changing routine and picks up the processing head 200 (after docking any existing head that it was previously carrying)—step 900.

(62) Once the processing head 200 has been engaged within the clamping mechanism 202 of the machine tool 100 if needed, the processing head 200 is rotated by the machine tool 100 until the processing head 200 is presented in a known orientation in order that the two manifolds can be connected—step 902.

(63) Once the processing head 200 is oriented in readiness to receive the supply-unit 214 the second movement mechanism is operated in order to move the supply docking-manifold 300 away from the docking surface 400—step 904.

(64) Thereafter, the first movement mechanism is operated in order to lower the supply-unit 214—step 906.

(65) Once the supply-unit is in the correct vertical height, the second movement mechanism is operated again to bring the supply docking-manifold on the supply-unit 214 into engagement with the processing-head docking-manifold—step 908.

(66) As the two manifolds engage the planar surfaces thereof and the locating mechanisms 314, 316 ensure that the supply-unit 214 is correctly oriented with respect to the processing head. The skilled person will appreciate that the correct alignment of the supply-unit 214 relative to the processing head 200 helps to ensure alignment of the components which transmit the energy source (eg the laser beam). In this case the reflectors 208, 222 relative to one another helps to ensure that the laser beam is correctly focused.

(67) Embodiments of the invention may find a number of applications and in particular embodiments will typically allow an energy source and associated media to be connected to a machine-tool 100 to allow the machine-tool 100 to process a work-piece 106 with the energy-source.

(68) One particular application is that of laser-deposition (also known as laser cladding). Laser deposition may find utility in repairing parts, including turbine blades, pump-impellers, or the like, which have become damaged. The laser deposition processes allow material to be added to the part which can subsequently be machined to finalise the repair of the part.

(69) FIG. 10 shows a turbine-blade that has been repaired in which fresh material has been added to a tip region 1000 highlighted by the dotted line by this approach.

(70) In other embodiments, the processing head may be utilised to provide other processes which include any of the following: welding; deposition (including additive manufacturing, 3D printing, and directed energy deposition); thermal spraying (in some cases utilising a divergent beam of energy); cladding; cutting; in process thermal management; heat treatment; energy (ie laser) machining; or the like.

(71) FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a further aspect of the invention in which a media reservoir is provided in the processing head. As described before the processing head 1100 is provided in a clamping mechanism 1102 attached to a spindle 1104 which is part of the machine tool 1106. The processing head comprises a media reservoir 1108 located in the processing head together with an energy source 1110.

(72) Energy from the energy source is applied to the media in the media reservoir 1108. The media is then transferred along a passage 1112 to an application point 1114 where the media is applied to the workpiece. Movement of the processing head and location of the application point 1114 is controlled primarily by the machine tool or by the controller as before. Additional motion such as rotation or fine positioning is typically incorporated into the processing head. The energy source 1110 comprises a heat source and is connected to an electrical supply in the machine tool through the spindle 1104 or via one or more docking systems as in the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 2. The media reservoir comprises a chamber arranged to contain a supply of media such as a filament of polymer. The chamber can be refilled with additional media material while the processing head is in use via a docking system as in the embodiment of FIG. 2 or alternatively when located in a tool changer.

(73) FIG. 12 is an illustrative embodiment of an alternative processing head comprising two media supplies. For ease only the processing head 1100 is shown in FIG. 12. In this embodiment the processing head comprises an energy source 1110 together with a first media supply 1116 and a second media supply 1118, each connected to respective passages 1120 and 1122 leading to respective first and second application points 1124 and 1126. The first media supply can comprise a building material and the second media supply can comprise a support material or the first and second media may comprise different colours or alternative media that are used to construct a more complex work piece. The first media can be one of a build material or a support media. The controller or the machine tool can control application of the media by positioning of the processing head and control of deposition of the media. Additionally, fine positioning can be incorporated into the processing head such as extension or retraction of the application points to favour one or the other. The media reservoirs 1116 and 1118 can be replenished when the processing head is in use via a media supply while in an operative position or while the processing head is off cycle in the tool changer. The energy source can be a battery powered energy source and can also be recharged while the processing head is in the tool changer.

(74) Turning now to FIG. 13, which shows a material processing head arranged to extrude heated polymer with power and media supplied external to the processing head, perhaps through a manifold as described above. In this embodiment the processing head 1150 comprises a clamping mechanism 1152 and a first deposition head 1154 and a second deposition head 1156. The clamping mechanism, which is sometimes referred to as a tool holder, may be an ISO 40 taper or HSK 63a.

(75) The processing head is one example representing “material extrusion” devices as defined by the ASTM F2792 standard. Thus, the deposition heads 1154 and 1156 are arranged to extrude material to a work piece. The processing head also comprises a first and a second media supply 1158 and 1160. In this embodiment the media supply comprises a first channel and a second channel 1162 and 1164 each arranged to guide a first and a second filament of polymer forming the media providing the media supplies 1158, 1160. A media is supplied to the first and second channels from a media supply mechanism. The media supply mechanism is arranged to connect to a manifold. A power supply is also provided to the processing head from the manifold, similar mutatis mutandis to the manifold described in earlier figures. A filament feeding mechanism 1166 is located in the processing head and feeds the first and second filament to respective first 1168 and second 1170 heated chambers. The power supply (typically connected via a manifold and the connection is shown here at 1172) supplies energy to first and second heating chambers and within the respective chambers the first and second filaments are heated and a semi liquid media is supplied to the first 1154 and second deposition head 1156.

(76) An alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 14 where the head is designed for material jetting as acknowledged by the ASTM F2792 standard. Thus, the head of FIG. 14 may be similar to an inkjet, an aerosol jet, or the like. In this embodiment a first 1200 and a second 1202 liquid media is provided in the processing head. In this embodiment each deposition head 1204 and 1206 each comprise a number of liquid jets arranged to deposit liquid droplets on, or at least toward, the work piece. The media may be liquid or may be selected from other jettable fluids such as liquids filled with suspended particles as is known in the art. A first 1208 and a second 1210 media chamber are each provided in the processing head and a supply of media is in each chamber. The media may optionally be temperature controlled, especially where maintaining a jettable viscosity is critical. A controller is provided to control deposition of the media from the processing head onto the work piece. The controller in this embodiment includes a pressure management valve 1212. An energy source is provided and comprises a battery 1214, or a similar mechanism to generating power. The battery 1214 provides energy for controlling application of the media to the work piece and can also provide energy in the form of heat to the media. Each first and second chamber is also connected to a first and a second duct 1216, 1218 which allow the media within the media chambers 1208, 1210 to be replenished. The first and second ducts are connectable to a material feed or manifold in the tool changer. Other embodiments may not be replenishable in this manner.

(77) The manifold can be connected to the processing head while the head is clamped to the machine tool. The battery can also be connected to a mains electricity supply through the manifold (ie through a connection 1219) and the battery can be recharged while the manifold is connected to the processing head.

(78) Also indicated in FIG. 14 is a control board 1220 provided to control movement of the processing head, jetting pulses and to control pressure in the media chambers 1208 and 1210.

(79) A wireless communication mechanism for connecting to a data source for data for printing an image and for controlling and coordinating the position of the head by mechanism of the CNC position controller is also provided. Such wireless communication mechanisms are conventional and are not described further. Alternatively, data may be supplied to the device via a wired connection presented to the head from the manifold or docking system, by including a stored memory device into the processing head such as a memory card or by more conventional mechanisms.

(80) Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 15 which shows an embodiment arranged to extrude heated polymer. In this embodiment as in the embodiment of FIG. 13 the media is provided in the form of a polymer filament. The same reference numerals are used for corresponding elements. In this embodiment first and second filaments 1158 and 1160 are each provided as a filament wound on first and second spools 1300 and 1302. First and second filaments are moved from the respective first and second spools 1300 and 1302 by respective filament feeding mechanisms 1166. An energy source (not shown) provides energy to the first and second chambers to heat the filaments as they pass through the first and second chambers 1168 and 1170. A power supply 1304 is connected to the processing head through a manifold connectable to the processing head. In this embodiment the entire processing head can be automatically changed when the media is used up. In this way processing is not delayed and the head with the depleted spools can be replenished while the processing head is out of use and located in the tool changer or other storage location.

(81) FIG. 16 shows a further embodiment having a processing head 200 arranged to selectively be held in a clamping mechanism 202. This embodiment is perhaps similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 though 4 and like parts are referred to with like reference numerals.

(82) In the embodiment being described in relation to FIG. 16 the energy source is provided by a high-voltage electrical supply 516 and the guiding mechanism arranged to direct the energy source to the work-piece 104 is provided by a conductive path 520 and electrode 508. Typically, the conductive path 520 may be provided by a wire, such as a copper wire, cable, or the like.

(83) A media supply 224 is also provided and arranged to supply a fluid, which may be any one or more of the other fluids described herein, to the work-piece 104.

(84) For convenience and protection, the conductive path 520 and media supply 224 are contained within a flexible supply unit 514.

(85) In the embodiment of FIG. 16, it will be seen that work-piece is connected to earth 1600 and thereby it is possible to strike an arc 513 with the work-piece to provide a plasma based energy source.

(86) As with the earlier embodiment, a supply docking manifold 600 is provided and here is provided on an end region of the flexible supply unit 514 and arranged to be connected to a processing-head manifold 1602 on the processing head 200.

(87) A substantially planar docking surface 700 may be provided against which the supply docking manifold 600 may be stored when not in use. Here the planar surface is shown on the electrical supply 516.

(88) FIGS. 17a to 17b show the embodiment of FIG. 16 in various stages of assembly.

(89) Thus, it can be seen from FIG. 17a that the processing head 200 is kept in a tool station, or the like, remote from the clamping mechanism 202 when it is not being used. In this state, the clamping mechanism is free to hold other processing heads or machining heads to perform processes on the work-piece 104 that the processing head 200 cannot perform. It can be seen that the supply docking manifold 600 is placed on the substantially planar docking surface 700.

(90) A mechanism, such as a robot arm, tool changing mechanism or the like (not shown) is then used to move the processing head 200 into the clamping mechanism 202. This arrangement of the components is shown in FIG. 17b and as such, the robot arm may be thought of as being a mechanism arranged to move the supply docking-manifold; ie a movement mechanism.

(91) Further a movement mechanism (which may or may not be the same movement mechanism used to move the processing head), such as a robotic arm or the like (not shown), is then used to move the flexible supply unit 514, including the guiding mechanism 520, and the supply docking manifold 600 into place such that the supply docking manifold 600 is connected to the processing-head docking manifold 1602. This arrangement of components is shown in FIG. 17c and allows fluids to be passed down the media supply 224 through the supply docking manifold 600, through the processing-head docking manifold 1602 and into the processing head 200. Further, the connection of the guiding mechanism 520 allows electricity to be passed from the electrical supply 516, to the processing head 200, through the electrode 508, across a gap to the work-piece 104 and finally on to ground 1600.

(92) FIG. 18 shows a further example embodiment in which a processing head is arranged to provide a source of energy which is directed on to a work piece adjacent the processing head.

(93) The Figure is similar to FIG. 2 and like parts are referred to with like reference numerals. However, in the embodiment being described in relation to FIG. 18 the processing head does not supply media and is simply arranged to supply energy to the work piece. The docking mechanism may function in a similar manner to that described in relation to FIGS. 3, 4a, 4b and 4c or in FIGS. 16a, 16b, 16c and 17, mutatis mutandis and will not be described again. The skilled person will note that the 304, 306, 308 and 310 may well be omitted in an embodiment that supplies energy, without media to the work piece. However, it is conceivable that such embodiments will supply fluids such as coolants, shielding gases and the like. Such fluids might be passed through ducts in the manifold as shown in FIG. 3. In yet further alternative embodiments, fluids may be delivered directly onto the work piece and not via the manifold and subsequently processed via the processing head.

(94) It will be noted that, in FIG. 18, the media supply has been removed.

(95) Thus, in the embodiment of FIG. 18, the controller 106 is arranged to control the movement of the laser beam 206 to move across the work piece 104. The speed at which the controller moves the laser beam 206 across the work piece will affect the power delivered to a given area (ie portion) of the work piece. In addition, the controller 106 is arranged to turn the laser on and/off to control the power.

(96) It will be appreciated that the skilled man may vary the combination of features that are provided in a particular embodiment of a processing head. For example fewer or more deposition points could be included in the same head. Additionally treatment energy sources could be incorporated into the heads such as UV, IR, photonic light sources or the like in order to cure or fuse the media being deposited as is known in the art.