Apparatus and method for removing moisture from a surface in a container

Abstract

An apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) for removing moisture from a surface (522) in a container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), characterized by: a centrifuging element comprising a mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) for attaching said container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) to said centrifuging element and a drive (105) coupled to said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) for rotating said attached container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) and centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522) in said attached container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′); and a heating element (200) for providing heat energy and evaporating said moisture from said surface (522) in said attached container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), and a corresponding method.

Claims

1. An apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) for removing moisture from a surface (522) of a closed or sealed container containing a sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), comprising the closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′): a centrifuge comprising a mount (140; 1401, 1402) attaching said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) to said centrifuge and a drive (105) coupled to said mount (140; 1401, 1402) rotating said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) about a rotational axis (150) and centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522) in said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′); and a heat source (200) providing heat energy and evaporating said moisture from said surface (522) in said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′).

2. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, adapted to: rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) at a centrifugal acceleration of 1 m/s.sup.2 to 25000 m/s.sup.2, rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) for a duration of 1 s to 500 s, rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) at a centrifugal acceleration of 300 m/s.sup.2 for a duration of 10 s, or rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) at a first centrifugal acceleration of 300 m/s.sup.2 for a first duration of 10 s and, thereafter, a second centrifugal acceleration of 0 to 10 m/s.sup.2 for a second duration of 120 s.

3. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, wherein: said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) attaches said container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) such that said rotational axis (150) passes through said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) or a center point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) attaches said container (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) such that said rotational axis (150) does not pass through said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), or said centrifuge further comprises another drive (130.sub.1, 130.sub.2) coupled to said mount (140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) for rotating said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) about another rotational axis (150.sub.1, 150.sub.2) and centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522) in said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) and said mount (140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) attaches said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) such that said other rotational axis (150.sub.1, 150.sub.2) passes through said container (500, 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) or said center point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500, 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′).

4. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, adapted to: provide said heat energy at a temperature of 25° C. to 600° C., provide said heat energy at a temperature of 10 K to 20 K below a melting point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), provide said heat energy for a duration of 1 s to 500 s, provide said heat energy using hot air or circulating hot air, or provide said heat energy in direct contact to a window on a cover (520, 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2) of said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), wherein said surface (522) is situated on said window.

5. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, adapted to: evaporate said moisture from said surface (522) after centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522), or evaporate said moisture from said surface (522) while centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522).

6. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, wherein: said surface (522) is formed hydrophobic, or said surface (522) is formed hydrophilic.

7. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, adapted to: rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) at a centrifugal acceleration of 10 m/s.sup.2 to 10000 m/s.sup.2, or to rotate said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) for a duration of 3 s to 300 s.

8. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, adapted to: provide said heat energy at a temperature of 50° C. to 150° C., or provide said heat energy for a duration of 3 to 300 s.

9. The apparatus (10; 20; 30; 40; 60) of claim 1, wherein the closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed is a Petri dish, test tube or PCR tube.

10. A method (70) for removing moisture from a surface (522) in a closed or sealed container containing a sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), said method comprising: centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522) in said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) using a centrifuge comprising a mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) attaching said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) to said centrifuge and a drive (105) coupled to said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) rotating said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) about a rotational axis (150); and evaporating said moisture from said surface (522) in said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) using a heat source (200) providing heat energy.

11. The method (70) of claim 10, wherein: said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is rotated at a centrifugal acceleration of 1 m/s.sup.2 to 5000 m/s.sup.2, said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is rotated for a duration of 1 s to 500 s, said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is rotated at a centrifugal acceleration of 300 m/s.sup.2 for a duration of 10 s, or said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is rotated at a first centrifugal acceleration of 300 m/s.sup.2 for a first duration of 10 s and, thereafter, a second centrifugal acceleration of 0 to 10 m/s.sup.2 for a second duration of 120 s.

12. The method (70) of claim 10, wherein: said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is attached to said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) such that said rotational axis (150) passes through said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 5002; 500′) or a center point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is attached to said mount (140; 140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) such that said rotational axis (150) does not pass through said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), or said centrifuge further comprises another drive (130.sub.1, 130.sub.2) coupled to said mount (140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) rotating said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) about another rotational axis (150.sub.1, 150.sub.2) and centrifuging said moisture off said surface (522) in said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) and said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) is attached to said mount (140.sub.1, 140.sub.2) such that said other rotational axis (150.sub.1, 150.sub.2) passes through said closed or sealed container containing the a sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′) or said center point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′).

13. The method (70) of claim 10, wherein: said heat energy is provided at a temperature of 25° C. to 600° C., said heat energy is provided at a temperature of 10 K to 20 K below a melting point of said closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), said heat energy is provided for a duration of between 1 s and 500 s, said heat energy is provided using hot air or circulating hot air, or said heat energy is provided in direct contact to a window on a cover (520, 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2) of said attached closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed (500; 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2; 500′), wherein said surface (522) is situated on said window.

14. The method (70) of claim 10, wherein: said moisture is evaporated from said surface (522) after said moisture is centrifuged off said surface (522), or said moisture is evaporated from said surface (522) while said moisture is centrifuged off said surface (522).

15. The method (70) of claim 10, wherein: said surface (522) is formed hydrophobic, or said surface (522) is formed hydrophilic.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed is a Petri dish, test tube or PCR tube.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein the surface of the closed or sealed container containing the sample to be analyzed contains as the sample to be analyzed a single cell or living microorganisms.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

(1) While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming that which is regarded as the invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof, which are depicted in the appended drawing, in order to illustrate the manner in which embodiments of the invention are obtained. Understanding that the drawing depicts only typical embodiments of the invention, that are not necessarily drawn to scale, and, therefore, are not to be considered limiting of its scope, embodiments will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawing in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 10 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500 according to an embodiment of the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 20 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500 according to another embodiment of the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 30 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to a modified embodiment of the invention;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 40 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to another modified embodiment of the invention;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a schematic top view for arrangements of 2, 4, 8 and 16 containers in an apparatus for removing moisture from surfaces in the containers;

(7) FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 60 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;

(8) FIG. 7 shows a simplified flow chart 70 of a method for removing moisture from a surface in a container according to an embodiment of the invention;

(9) FIG. 8 shows exemplary temperatures at and in a container over time during removal of moisture from a surface in the container according to an embodiment of the invention; and

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) In the detailed description of the embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawing which forms a part hereof and shows, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. In order to show the structures of the embodiments most clearly, the drawing included herein is a diagrammatic representation of inventive articles. Thus, actual appearance of the fabricated structures may appear different while still incorporating essential structures of embodiments. Moreover, the drawing shows only the structures necessary to understand the embodiments. Additional structures known in the art have not been included to maintain clarity of the drawings. It is also to be understood, that features and/or elements depicted herein are illustrated with particular dimensions relative to one another for purposes of simplicity and ease of understanding, and that actual dimensions may differ substantially from that illustrated herein. In the drawing, like numerals describe substantially similar components throughout the several views. The embodiments are intended to describe aspects of the invention in sufficient detail to enable those of skill in the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilized and structural, logical or electrical changes or combinations thereof may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

(11) Moreover, it is to be understood, that the various embodiments of the invention, although different, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, a particular element, feature, structure, characteristic, integer or step, or group of elements, features, structures, characteristics, integers or steps described in one embodiment may be included within other embodiments. Furthermore, it is to be understood, that embodiments of the invention may be implemented using different technologies. Also, the term “exemplary” is merely meant as an example, rather than the best or optimal. The detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

(12) Throughout this specification the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

(13) In the description and claims, the terms “include”, “have”, “with” or other variants thereof may be used. It is to be understood, that such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise”.

(14) In the description and claims, the terms “coupled” and “connected”, along with derivatives such as “communicatively coupled” may be used. It is to be understood, that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” may be used to indicate, that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.

(15) However, “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

(16) In the description and claims, terms, such as “upper”, “lower”, “first”, “second”, etc., may be only used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as limiting. The embodiments of a device or article described herein can be manufactured, used, or shipped in a number of positions and orientations.

(17) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 10 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500 according to an embodiment of the invention.

(18) The container 500 may, as exemplified in FIG. 1, be a Petri dish comprising a dish 510 and a lid 520. The lid 520 may be attached, for example clamped, locked or stuck, to the dish 510. The container 500 may have a see-through window that may be situated on the lid 520. The window may have a surface inside the container 500. The container 500 may have a diameter of 50 mm, for example. The container 500 may further comprise a layer or membrane for growing microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast or molds. The container 500 comprises a liquid such as water or culture medium. The liquid may form moisture such as droplets and mist inside the container 500. The moisture may cover the (inner) surface of the see-through window.

(19) The apparatus 10 comprises a centrifuging element 100 for rotating the container 500 about a rotational axis 150 and a heating element 200 for providing heat energy to the container 500. As exemplified in FIG. 1, the centrifuging element 100 may be arranged, with reference to a normal working position of the apparatus 10, towards a bottom of the apparatus 10, and the heating element 200 may be arranged above the centrifuging element 100 towards a top of the apparatus 10. The centrifuging element 100 comprises a drive 105 such as an electrical motor and a mount 140 such as a clamp for attaching the container 500 to the centrifuging element 100. The mount 140 may be coupled to drive 105 via a shaft 110. The mount 140 may attach the container 500 concentrically to the rotational axis 150. Alternatively, the mount 140 may attach the container 500 eccentrically to the rotational axis 150. As shown in FIG. 1, the mount 140 may attach to the dish 510, and the lid 520 may face towards the top of the apparatus 10. The drive 105 may rotate the container 500 in a counter-clockwise direction 155 or clockwise direction. The heating element 200 may comprise a heating such as an electrical heating (e.g. heat resistance) and a blower or fan. The heating may generate a stream 250 of hot air directed to the lid 520, more particularly the window situated on the lid 520. In another embodiment, a heating element (e.g. heat resistance) is placed close enough to the windows to heat the window by heat conduction in the air. In a further embodiment, the heating element (e.g. heat resistance) is in direct contact to the window. The apparatus 10 may further comprise a housing 300 wherein the centrifuging element 100 and the heating element 200 may be situated. For removing any droplets and/or mist from the (inner) surface of the window prior to an optical analysis of the content of the container 500 through the window, the drive 105 rotates the container 500 about the rotational axis 150 for centrifuging the droplets off the (inner) surface of the window, and, subsequently, the heating element 200 blows the stream 250 of hot air onto the window for evaporating any remaining droplets and mist from the (inner) surface of the window. In another embodiment, a heating element (e.g. heat resistance) is placed close enough to the windows to heat the window by heat conduction in the air. In a further embodiment, the heating element (e.g. heat resistance) is in direct contact to the window. According to T. Tate's Law, a droplet of a specific fluid hanging on the bottom of a tube is falling from the tube in a vertical direction when the volume of the droplet reaches the maximum value, which depends on the characteristic, for example surface tension, of the fluid:
mg=2πrσ  (1)
where m is the mass of the droplet, g is the Earth's standard acceleration owing to gravity, r is the radius of the droplet, and σ is the surface tension of the fluid. In other words, the droplet begins to fall when the weight of the droplet m g is equal to the circumference 2πr of the droplet multiplied by the surface tension σ.

(20) Similarly, a droplet may be centrifuged off a surface when the centrifugal force exceeds the surface tension:
ma=mng=4/3πr3ρng=2πrσ  (2)
where m is the mass of the droplet, a is the acceleration effecting the droplet, g is the Earth's standard acceleration owing to gravity, n is a factor expressing the acceleration a in multiples of Earth's standard acceleration, r is the radius of the droplet, σ is the surface tension of the fluid, and ρ is the density of the fluid.

(21) Thus, the higher the centrifugal force, the smaller the size of droplets remaining on the surface:
r=√(3σ/(2ρng))  (3)

(22) The drive 105 may rotate the container 500 at a centrifugal acceleration of about 300 m/s.sup.2 for a duration of about 10 s. The heating element 200 may blow the stream 250 of hot air (or heat the air in-between the window and the heating element or heat the window directly) at a temperature of between 100° C. and 110° C. for a duration of about 60 s.

(23) The content of the container 500 may be analysed in the apparatus 10 or elsewhere.

(24) FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 20 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500 according to another embodiment of the invention.

(25) As already described with reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus 20 comprises a centrifuging element 100 for rotating the container 500 about a rotational axis 150 and a heating element 200 for providing heat energy to the container 500. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the centrifuging element 100 may be arranged, with reference to the normal working position of the apparatus 20, towards the top of the apparatus 20, and the heating element 200 may be arranged below the centrifuging element 100 towards the bottom of the apparatus 20. The centrifuging element 100 comprises the drive 105 and the mount 140 for attaching the container 500 to the centrifuging element 100. The mount 140 can hold or can be the heating element 200. The mount 140 may be coupled to drive 105 via the shaft 110. The mount 140 may attach the container 500 concentrically to the rotational axis 150. As shown in FIG. 2, the mount 140 may attach to the dish 510, and the lid 520 may face up-side down towards the bottom of the apparatus 20. The drive 105 may rotate the container 500 in a counter-clockwise direction 155 or clockwise direction. The heating may generate a stream 250 of hot air directed to the lid 520, more particularly the window situated on the lid 520. Alternatively, the heating may generate hot air between the heater element and the lid or be in direct contact with the lid, more particularly the window situated on the lid 520. When the lid 520 faces towards the bottom of the apparatus 20, the liquid cannot collect on a membrane or on the culture medium in the dish 510.

(26) The apparatus 20 may further comprise a housing 300 wherein the centrifuging element 100 and the heating element 200 may be situated.

(27) FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 30 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to a modified embodiment of the invention. As already described with reference to FIG. 1, the apparatus 30 comprises a centrifuging element 100 for rotating the container 500.sub.1 about a rotational axis 150 and a heating element 200 for providing heat energy to the container 500.sub.1. As shown in FIG. 3, the centrifuging element 100 may be arranged, with reference to the normal working position of the apparatus 30, towards the bottom of the apparatus 30, and the heating element 200 may be arranged above the centrifuging element 100 towards the top of the apparatus 30. The centrifuging element 100 comprises the drive 105 and the mount 140.sub.1 for attaching the container 500.sub.1 to the centrifuging element 100. The mount 140.sub.1 may be coupled to drive 105 via a disk 120 such as a rotary disk and the shaft 110. Thus, the container 500.sub.1 may be attached eccentrically to the rotational axis 150. The drive 105 may rotate the container 500.sub.1 in a counter-clockwise direction 155 or clockwise direction. A single off-centre container 500.sub.1 may result in an imbalance, that is generally undesirable. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3, another mount 140.sub.2 may be situated on the disk 120 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1 for attaching another container 500.sub.2 to the centrifuging element 100. Alternatively, a counterweight may be attached to the disk 120 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1. The heating or heatings may generate a stream 250 of hot air directed to the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2 more particularly the window or windows situated on the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2, of the container 500.sub.1 or containers 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2.

(28) The apparatus 30 may further comprise a housing 300 wherein the centrifuging element 100 and the heating element 200 may be situated.

(29) In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus 30 shown in FIG. 3 is built in a mirror-inverted configuration with regard to a horizontal axis.

(30) FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 40 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to another modified embodiment of the invention.

(31) As already described with reference to FIG. 3, the apparatus 40 comprises a centrifuging element 100 for rotating the container 500.sub.1 about a rotational axis 150 and a heating element 200 for providing heat energy to the container 500.sub.1, and the centrifuging element 100 may be arranged towards the bottom of the apparatus 40, and the heating element 200 may be arranged above the centrifuging element 100 towards the top of the apparatus 40. The centrifuging element 100 comprises the drive 105, the disk 120 and the mount 140.sub.1 for attaching the container 500.sub.1 to the centrifuging element 100. The mount 140.sub.1 may be coupled to drive 105 via another shaft 135.sub.1, another drive 130.sub.1, the disk 120 and the shaft 110. Thus, the container 500.sub.1 may be attached concentrically to another rotational axis 150.sub.1 that is itself rotatable around the rotational axis 150. The drive 105 may rotate the disk 120 in a counter-clockwise direction 155 or clockwise direction, and the drive 130.sub.1 may rotate the container 500.sub.1 in a counter-clockwise direction 155.sub.1 or clockwise direction. The superimposition increases the centrifugal force. As a single off-centre container 500.sub.1 may result in an imbalance, another mount 140.sub.2, another drive 130.sub.2 and another shaft 135.sub.2 may be situated on the disk 120 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1, drive 130.sub.1 and shaft 135.sub.1 for attaching another container 500.sub.2 to the centrifuging element 100. Alternatively, a counterweight may be attached to the disk 120 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1. The heating may generate a stream 250 of hot air directed to the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2 more particularly the window or windows situated on the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2, of the container 500.sub.1 or containers 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2. Alternatively, the heating may generate hot air between the heater and the lid or the lids or be in direct contact with the lid or the lids.

(32) The apparatus 40 may further comprise a housing 300 wherein the centrifuging element 100 and the heating element 200 may be situated.

(33) FIG. 5 shows a schematic top view for arrangements of 2, 4, 8 and 16 containers in an apparatus for removing moisture from surfaces in the containers.

(34) In order to increase throughput of the apparatus for removing moisture from a surface in a container, a plurality, for example an even number such as 2, 4, 8 or 16, of containers may be situated on and/or attached to the disk 120.

(35) With reference to FIG. 5, two containers may be attached to mounts 140.sub.1-140.sub.2, four containers may be attached to mounts 140.sub.1-140.sub.4, eight containers may be attached to mounts 140.sub.1-140.sub.8, twelve containers may be attached to mounts 140.sub.1-140.sub.12, and 16 containers may be attached to mounts 140.sub.1-140.sub.16.

(36) Similarly, an odd number such as 3 or 5 of containers may be evenly spaced apart from each other around the circumference of the disk 120, for example at angles of 120° or 72°, respectively, and attached to the disk 120.

(37) FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an apparatus 60 for removing moisture from a surface in a container 500.sub.1 according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.

(38) As already described with reference to FIG. 3, the apparatus 60 comprises a centrifuging element 100 for rotating the container 500.sub.1 about a rotational axis 150 and a heating element 200 for providing heat energy to the container 500.sub.1. As shown in FIG. 6, the centrifuging element 100 may be arranged, with reference to the normal working position of the apparatus 60, towards the bottom of the apparatus 60, and the heating element 200 may be arranged above, and extending into, the centrifuging element 100 towards the top of the apparatus 30. The centrifuging element 100 comprises the drive 105, the shaft 110, the disk 120 comprising a circumferential wall 125 and the mount 140.sub.1 for attaching the container 500.sub.1 to the centrifuging element 100. Thus, the disk 120 and the wall 125 form a drum. The mount 140.sub.1 may be coupled to drive 105 via the wall 125, the disk 120 and the shaft 110. Thus, the container 500.sub.1 may be attached vertically to the mount 140.sub.1 on the wall 125 and eccentrically to the rotational axis 150. The drive 105 may rotate the container 500.sub.1 in a counter-clockwise direction 155 or clockwise direction. As a single off-centre container 500.sub.1 may result in an imbalance, another mount 140.sub.2 may be situated on the wall 125 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1 for attaching another container 500.sub.2 to the centrifuging element 100. Alternatively, a counterweight may be attached to the wall 125 directly opposite to the mount 140.sub.1. The heating or heatings may generate a stream 250 of hot air directed to the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2 more particularly the window or windows situated on the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2, of the container 500.sub.1 or containers 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2. Alternatively, the heating may generate hot air between the heater and the lid or the lids or be in direct contact with the lid or the lids, more particularly the window or windows situated on the lid 520.sub.1 or lids 520.sub.1, 520.sub.2, of the container 500.sub.1 or containers 500.sub.1, 500.sub.2.

(39) The apparatus 30 may further comprise a housing 300 wherein the centrifuging element 100 and the heating element 200 may be situated.

(40) FIG. 7 shows a simplified flow chart 70 of a method for removing moisture from a surface in a container according to an embodiment of the invention. The method for removing moisture from a surface in a container begins at step 710.

(41) The method for removing moisture from a surface in a container may comprise, at step 720, eccentrically rotating the container at a centrifugal acceleration of 300 rpm for a duration of 10 s.

(42) The method for removing moisture from a surface in a container may further comprise, at step 730, eccentrically rotating the container at another centrifugal acceleration of 0 to 10 m/s.sup.2 for a duration of 120 s.

(43) The method for removing moisture from a surface in a container may further comprise, at step 740, providing heat energy using hot air at a temperature of between 100° C. and 110° C. for a duration of 60 s. This step can also be done in parallel to the second centrifugal acceleration step of 0 to 10 m/s.sup.2.

(44) The method for removing moisture from a surface in a container terminates at step 760.

(45) FIG. 8 shows exemplary temperatures at and in a container over time during removal of moisture from a surface in the container according to an embodiment of the invention.

(46) Hot air at a temperature of between 100° C. and 110° C. is applied to the container for a duration of 120 s, and the temperatures are measured for a duration of 270 s.

(47) At positions 810, 820, 830, 840 outside the container, the temperature rise during application of the hot air nearly to the temperature of the hot air. After application of the hot air, the temperatures at the positions 810, 820, 830, 840 tail off.

(48) At a position 850 at the base of the container, the temperature rises from about 25° C. to about 30° C. during the duration of 270 s.

(49) At a position 860 inside the container, the air temperature rises from about 25° C. to about 35° C., but slowly decreases after application of the hot air, during the duration of 270 s.

(50) At a position 870 at the bottom of the lid, the temperature swiftly rises to about 30° C. during the duration of 270 s.

(51) At a position 880 at the medium in the container, the temperature rises from about 25° C. to about 30° C. during the duration of 270 s.

(52) Even after application of hot air at a temperature of between 100° C. and 110° C. for a duration of 120 s, the temperatures at and in the container do not exceed 37° C. Moreover, the temperatures drop quickly to room temperature after stopping application of hot air. Thus, the method is harmless to samples comprising single cells and/or living microorganisms. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. It is to be understood, that the above description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the invention. Combinations of the above embodiments and many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the invention includes any other embodiments and applications in which the above structures and methods may be used. The scope of the invention is, therefore, defined only by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.