Abstract
The disclosure relates to a composition containing a base material and metal effect pigments (1) contained in the base material, wherein the metal effect pigments (1) are provided with a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron. Furthermore, metal effect pigments (1) and a method for producing metal effect pigments (1) are provided.
Claims
1. A composition, containing a base material and metal effect pigments contained in the base material, wherein the metal effect pigments are provided with a three-dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base material is one of a painting and a coating material.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a plastic material suitable for processing in an injection molding or an extrusion process.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein edges of the three dimensional shape are provided with an edge length of less than about 200 μm.
5. The composition according to claim 4, wherein edges of the three dimensional shape are provided with an edge length of about 20 μm to about 150 μm, preferably with an edge length of about 20 μm to about 100 μm.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal effect pigments are provided with a regular tetrahedron shape.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal effect pigments are made of a material selected from the following group: aluminum, zinc, tin, copper and an alloy of such materials.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal effect pigments are having a core made of a polymer material, wherein the core is provided with a surface metal coating.
9. Metal effect pigments provided with a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron.
10. A method for producing metal effect pigments, comprising producing metal effect pigments by processing a material, wherein the metal effect pigments are produced with a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the producing comprises applying at least one process selected from the following group: cold forming, solid forming such as rolling or pressing, casting, and machining.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising providing a metal foil made of the material; and producing the metal effect pigments by processing the metal foil.
13. The method of claim 12, further comprising providing a foil material made of aluminum.
14. The method of claim 11, further comprising rolling the material between rollers, wherein at least one of the rollers is provided with a micro surface structure comprising recesses having a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the processing of the material comprises: producing a core made of a polymer material and having a three dimensional shape selected from the group cube, pyramid having triangular outer surfaces, and tetrahedron; applying a metal surface coating to the core.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF FURTHER EMBODIMENTS
[0031] Following, embodiments, by way of example, are described with reference to figures. In the figures show:
[0032] FIG. 1 a schematic representation of different three-dimensional shapes for metal effect pigments;
[0033] FIG. 2 a schematic representation with respect to a method for producing metal effect pigments by applying solid forming;
[0034] FIG. 3 a schematic representation of a method for producing metal effect pigments by applying solid forming using a separation tool;
[0035] FIG. 4 a schematic representation for producing a roller to be used in the method for producing metal effect pigments;
[0036] FIG. 5 a schematic representation for a method of producing metal effect pigments by applying casting;
[0037] FIG. 6 a schematic representation for a method for producing metal effect particles by applying machining;
[0038] FIG. 7 a schematic representation for a further method for producing metal effect particles by applying machining;
[0039] FIG. 8 a schematic representation for another method for producing metal effect particles by applying machining; and
[0040] FIG. 9 experimental results for the method of producing metal effect pigments.
[0041] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of different three dimensional shapes which may be provided for metal effect particles. According to FIG. 1, the metal effect particles may be provided with one of the following three-dimensional shapes: cube (1c), pyramid (la) and tetrahedron (1b). Such three dimensional shape being one of cube, pyramid and tetrahedron may be distorted to at least some extent (1d). For example, height of the tetrahedron may be lowered by up to 70% compared to the height of a “perfect” tetrahedron shape.
[0042] FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation with respect to a method for producing the metal effect particles 1 having one of the three dimensional shapes depicted in FIG. 1. The metal effect pigments 1 are produced from a metal material 20 which, according the example shown, is provided as a metal foil. The metal material 20 is rolled by rollers 21, 22 in a solid forming process. The roller 21 is provided with a structured surface 23 having recesses 24 provided with a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron. As a result of the rolling process the separated metal effect particles 1 are generated.
[0043] FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation for another example for producing the metal effect pigments 1 by solid forming applying rolling. The metal effect pigments 1 are separated from the roller 21 by a conveyor belt 30, which is provided with an adhesive agent on its outer surface. The adhesive agent is applied to the surface of the conveyor belt 30 by a spraying de-vice 33. The conveyor belt 30 adheres to the metal effect pigment particles 1 and separates them from the roller 21 and transports the metal effect pigment particles 1 to a bath 31 made of a solution agent. In the bath 31 the metal effect pigments 1 are separated from the conveyor belt 30. Following, the metal effect pigments 1 may be provided to further processing such as filtering through an output 32 of the bath 31.
[0044] In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the metal effect pigments 1 may be separated from the roller 21 by applying a different separation tool such as a brush tool for brushing out the metal effect pigments 1 from the recesses on the roller 21.
[0045] FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation for a process of producing the roller 21. A master structure 40 which comprises the positive of the structure to be gained is immerged into un-cured polymer material 41 on a transparent base plate 42. The polymer material 41 is cured and separated from the master structure 40 to manufacture the negative 43 of the structure to be gained. This negative 43 is inserted into a tube 44 so that contact is established between the inner wall of the tube 44 and the polymer negative 43. The polymer negative 43 is coated with a layer of metal, which is then used as a base to thicken the structure by plating.
[0046] After plating, a solid tube of metal 45 with a microstructure on its outer surface is existing. This solid tube 45 is filled with a supporting material 46.
[0047] FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation for another method for producing the metal effect pigments or particles 1, the method applying casting. A metal material is melted and introduced in a casting tool 50 provided with recesses 51 having a three-dimensional shape such as cube, pyramid or tetrahedron. Following according to FIG. 5, the melted metal is pressed and cooled. Subsequently, the single metal effect pigments 1 are separated from the casting tool 50.
[0048] Still another example of a method for producing the metal effect pigments 1 is shown in FIG. 6. A machining tool 60 is applied to a metal material 61 for producing the metal effect pigments 1. The machining tool 60 comprising either tool tips 62 located adjacent to recesses 63, or cavities, having a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron. In operation, the material is forced into the recesses 63 if there is a relative movement of the machining tool 60 and the metal material 61. This relative movement may be accomplished by either pressing the machining tool 60 into the metal material 61 so that the metal material 61 is deformed plastically and forced to flow towards the edges of the machining tool 60. Another way to accomplish relative movement of the machining tool 60 and the metal material 61 may be accomplished if the machining tool 60 is slided over the metal material 61 while being subjected to normal load so that the microstructure forces the top layer of the metal material 61 into the desired shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron, followed by separation by shear.
[0049] Another example of a method for producing the metal effect pigments 1 is depicted in FIG. 7. A machining tool 70 is applied to a metal bulk material 71 for producing the metal effect pigments 1. The machining tool 70 is provided with either tool tips 72 located adjacent to recesses 73, or cavities, having a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron. Relative movement between the machining tool 70 and the metal bulk material 71 may be accomplished by pressing the machining tool 70 onto the bulk material 71 while rotating the tool.
[0050] Still another example of a method for producing the metal effect pigments 1 is depicted in FIG. 8. The metal effect pigments 80 are produced from a metal material 81 which, according the example shown, is provided as a sheet metal. The metal material 81 is rolled by rollers 82, 83 in a solid forming process. Roller 82 is provided with a structured surface featuring either tool tips 84 located adjacent to recesses 85, or cavities, having a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron. Due to the movement of the metal sheet 81 being slower in the relation to the surface speed of the roller 82 in an infeed zone 87, the metal between the tool tips 84 is sheared off the metal sheet 81. This sheared off metal resting in the recesses 85 between the tool tips 84, having a three dimensional shape selected from the following group: cube, pyramid, and tetrahedron, is the effect pigment. The remaining metal sheet is supported by a support roll 86 in order to be lifted off the roller 82 after leaving the rollers 82, 83.
[0051] FIG. 9 shows experimental results for the metal effect pigments 1 produced. These are tetrahedron shaped micro particles with an edge length of about 50 μm. They were produced by machining with a structured tool.
[0052] The features disclosed in this specification, the figures and/or the claims may be material for the realization of various embodiments, taken in isolation or in various combinations thereof.
