Branched polyester siloxanes

Abstract

Polyester-modified, branched organosiloxanes can be used as plastics additives. Corresponding plastics compositions contain at least one plastics additive (A) and at least one plastic (B). The at least one plastics additive (A) can be one or more polyester-modified, branched organosiloxanes. Moulding compounds or shaped bodies can contain this plastics composition. The plastics composition, the moulding compounds, and the shaped bodies are useful,

Claims

1: A plastic composition, comprising: at least one plastic additive (A) selected from polyester-modified, branched organosiloxanes; and at least one plastic (B).

2: The plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one plastic additive (A) is selected from compounds of formula (1),
M.sub.m D.sub.d T.sub.t Q.sub.q   formula (1); wherein M=[R.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2]; D=[R.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2]; T=[RSiO.sub.3/2]; Q=[SiO.sub.4/2]; in which R is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of R.sup.(I) and R.sup.(II); wherein R.sup.(I) is in each case independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon radicals; R.sup.(II) is in each case independently selected from monovalent organic radicals each bearing one or more polyester radicals; and wherein m=2+t+2×q≥3; d≥0; t≥0; q≥0; with the proviso that at least one radical R.sup.(II) is present.

3: The plastic composition according to claim 1. wherein the at least one plastic additive (A) is selected from compounds of formula (2),
M.sub.m D.sub.d T.sub.t Q.sub.q   formula (2); wherein M=[R.sub.3SiO.sub.1/2]; D=[R.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2]; T=[RSiO.sub.3/2]; Q=[SiO.sub.4/2]; in which R is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of R.sup.(I) and R.sup.(II); wherein R.sup.(I) is in each case independently selected from monovalent hydrocarbon radicals; R.sup.(II) is in each case independently selected from monovalent organic radicals each bearing one or more polyester radicals: and wherein m=2+t+2×q=3 to 60; d=0 to 120; t=0 to 10; q=0 to 10; with the proviso that the at least one plastic additive (A) has at least one radical R.sup.(II).

4: The plastic composition according to claim 1. wherein the at least one plastic additive (A) is selected from compounds of formula (3),
M.sup.1.sub.m1M.sup.2.sub.m2D.sup.1.sub.d1D.sup.2.sub.d2T.sub.tQ.sub.q   formula (3); wherein M.sup.1=[R.sup.hd 3SiO.sub.1/2]; M.sup.2=[R.sup.2R.sup.1.sub.2SiO.sub.1/2]; D.sup.1=[R.sup.1.sub.2SiO.sub.2/2]; D.sup.2=[R.sup.1R.sup.2SiO.sub.2/2]; T=[R.sup.1SiO.sub.3/2]; Q=[SiO.sub.4/2]; in which R.sup.1 is in each case independently selected from hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is in each case independently selected from monovalent organic radicals of formula (4),
—R.sup.3—(O—R.sup.4).sub.p   formula (4); wherein R.sup.3 is in each case independently selected from (p+1)-valent organic radicals having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is in each case independently selected from monovalent polyester radicals having 4 to 1000 carbon atoms, and wherein m1=0 to 30; m2=0 to 30; d1=0 to 100; d2=0 to 20; t=0 to 10; q=0 to 10; p=1 to 4; with the proviso that: m1+m2=2+t+2×q=3 to 60; and m2+d2=at least 1.

5: The plastic composition according to claim 4, wherein R4 is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of polyester radicals of formulae (5a) or (5b),
—[(C═O)—R.sup.5—O—].sub.kR.sup.6   formula (5a),
—[(C═O)—R.sup.5—(C═O)—O—R.sup.5—O—].sub.(k/2)R.sup.6   formula (5b), wherein R.sup.5 is in each case independently selected from divalent hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.6 is in each case independently selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and an acyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and k=2 to 50.

6: The plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein 5% to 50% of silicon atoms of the at least one plastic additive (A) bear one or more polyester radicals.

7: The plastic composition according to claim 4, wherein R.sup.3 consists of two hydrocarbon radicals R.sup.(a) and R.sup.(b) and also an oxygen atom, wherein R.sup.(a) and R.sup.(b) are joined to one another via the oxygen atom, and wherein R.sup.(a) is bonded to a silicon atom and R.sup.(b) is not bonded to a silicon atom.

8: The plastic composition according to claim 7, wherein R.sup.(a) is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and R.sup.(b) is a saturated hydrocarbon having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

9: The plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein a proportion by mass of a total amount of the at least one plastic additive (A) is from 0.02% to <50.00%, based on a total mass of the plastic composition.

10: The plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one plastic (B) is selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic and a thermoset.

11: The plastic composition according to claim 10, wherein a) the thermoplastic is selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polyamide (PA), polylactate (PLA), poly(alkyl) (meth)acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE); and/or b) the thermoset is selected from the group consisting of a diallyl phthalate resin (DAP), an epoxy resin (EP), a urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), a melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), a melamine-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MPF), a phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF), an unsaturated polyester resin (UP), a vinyl ester resin, and a polyurethene (PU).

12: The plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein a proportion by mass of a total amount of the at least one plastic (B) is from >50.00% to 99.98%, based on the a total mass of the plastic composition.

13: A moulding compound or shaped body comprising the plastic composition according to claim 1.

14: A method, comprising: producing an article with the plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of a decorative covering panel; an add-on part, an interior component or exterior component in a motor vehicle. boat, aircraft, wind turbine blade, consumer electronic, or household appliance: a medical-technical product: a kitchen or laboratory work surface: a film: a fibre, a profile strip: a decorative strip: and a cable.

15: A method, comprising: adding a polyester-modified, branched organosiloxane into a plastic co position, as a plastic additive.

16: A method, comprising: shaping, primary forming, or 3D printing an article with the plastic composition according to claim 1, wherein the shaping is selected from the group consisting of deep drawing and thermoforming; and wherein the primary forming is selected from the group consisting of primary forming from a liquid state and primary forming from a plastic state.

17: The method according to claim 16, wherein the primary ferreting is selected from the group consisting of gravity casting, die casting, low-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, dip moulding, primary forming of a fibre-reinforced plastic, compression moulding, injection moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion moulding, extrusion, drape forming, calendaring, blow moulding, and modelling.

18: The plastic composition according to claim 9, wherein the proportion by mass of a total amount of the at least one plastic additive (A) is from 0.10% to 5.00%, based on the total mass of the plastic composition.

19: The plastic composition according to claim 11, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer is selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPA, TPE-A), a thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TPC, TPE-E), a thermoplastic elastomer based on olefins (TPO. TPE-O), a thermoplastic styrene block copolymer (TPS, TPES), a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a thermoplastic vulcanize (TPV, TPE-V), and a crosslinked thermoplastic elastomer based on olefins (TPV, TPE-V).

20: The plastic composition according to claim 12, wherein the proportion by mass of a total amount of the at least one plastic (B) is from 95.00% to 99.90%, based on the total mass of the plastic composition.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0168] FIG. 1 shows the pulling force as a function of forward travel, determined in accordance with method [10] as described in the examples, for a tacky TPU surface.

[0169] FIG. 2 shows the pulling force as a function of forward travel, determined in accordance with method [10] as described in the examples, for a partially tacky TPU surface.

[0170] FIG. 3 shows the pulling force as a function of forward travel, determined in accordance with method [10] as described in the examples, for a non-tacky TPU surface.

EXAMPLES

[0171] The present invention is described by way of example in the examples set out below, without any possibility that the invention, the scope of application of which is apparent from the entirety of the description and the claims, can be read as being confined to the embodiments stated in the examples. In particular, the synthesis of the inventive plastics additives with branches in the siloxane backbone and optionally with an additional branch in the polyester segment is described hereafter.

[0172] Preparation of the Polyester-Modified, Branched Organosiloxanes:

[0173] General Methods:

[0174] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR Spectroscopy:

[0175] The organosiloxanes can be characterized with the aid of .sup.1H NMR and .sup.29S i NMR spectroscopy. These methods, especially taking account of the multiplicity of the couplings, are familiar to the person skilled in the art.

[0176] Determination of the SiH Values:

[0177] The SiH values of the SiH-functional organosiloxanes used, and also those of the reaction matrices, are determined using a gas-volumetric method by the sodium butoxide/butanol-induced decomposition of weighed aliquots of samples, using a gas burette. When the hydrogen volumes measured are inserted into the general gas equation, they allow determination of content of the SiH functions in the starting materials, and also in the reaction mixtures, and thus allow monitoring of conversion. A solution of sodium butoxide in butanol is used (5% by weight of sodium butoxide).

[0178] General Synthesis Method:

[0179] The polyester-modified organosiloxanes are prepared in three stages. In the first stage, the SiH-functional organosiloxanes are prepared. In the second stage, the SiH-functional organosiloxanes prepared are used to prepare hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes by means of hydrosilylation of unsaturated alcohols, In the third stage, the hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes obtained are reacted with lactones via a polyaddition reaction to give polyester-modified organosiloxanes:

[0180] First Stage—Preparation of the SiH-functional Organosiloxanes (SH):

[0181] The preparation was effected as disclosed in document EP 2176319 B1.

[0182] A 250 ml four-neck flask, equipped with a precision glass stirrer, an internal thermometer, a dropping funnel and a distillation bridge, was initially charged with the respective amounts of α,ω-dihydropolydimethylsiloxane (raw material 1, SiH value=3.0 mmol/g), polymethylhydrosiloxane (raw material 2, SiH value=15.7 mmol/g), methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PTEOS), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at room temperature with stirring (cf, table 1), 0.1 g of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid were added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. A mixture of 7.8 g of deionized water and 10 ml of methanol was added dropwise while stirring within a further 30 minutes, and the mixture was subsequently stirred for a further 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was heated to 40° C. for 1 hour and then distilled in a waterjet-pump vacuum of about 50 mbar at 40° C. for 1 hour. After neutralization with 2 g of sodium hydrogencarbonate and filtration, 6 g of Lewatite® 2621, a predried cation exchange resin containing sulfonic acid groups, were added, and the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 hours and filtered. This gave a clear, colourless liquid in each case. Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the SEH-functional organosiloxanes can be found in table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the SiH-functional organosiloxanes of formula (3′) M.sup.1.sub.m1 M.sup.2′.sub.m2 D.sup.1.sub.d1 D.sup.2′.sub.d2 T.sub.t Q.sub.q formula (3′) M.sup.2′ = [R.sup.1.sub.2HSiO.sub.1/2] and D.sup.2′ = [R.sup.1HSiO.sub.2/2]; SH1 SH2 SH3 SH4 SH5 SH6 Raw material 1 42.2 g 67.9 g 42.4 g — 43.7 g 43.3 g Raw material 2 — — — 7.5 g  5.6 g — MTEOS — 25.9 g 11.3 g 7.0 g  7.8 g  7.7 g PTEOS 10.1 g — — — — — D5 47.7 g  6.2 g 46.3 g 67.2 g  42.9 g 49.0 g HMDS — — —  18.3 — — m1 0 0 0 3 0 0 m2 3 7 4 0 3 3 d1 26  28  34  23  24  26  d2 0 0 0 3 2 0 d 1 5 2 1 1 1 t 0 0 0 0 0 0 R.sup.1 methyl/ methyl methyl methyl methyl methyl phenyl

[0183] Second Stage—Preparation of the Hydroxy-Functional Organosiloxaries (OHS):

[0184] In an inertized 2 l three-neck flask with precision glass stirrer, internal thermometer and reflux condenser were mixed the respective amounts of SiH-functional organosiloxane and unsaturated alcohol selected from 2-allyloxyethanol, 1-hexenol and trimethylolpropane monoallyl ether (TMPMAE) (cf. table 2) and heated to 80° C. while stirring. 6 mg of di(μ-chloro)dichlorobis(cyclohexene)diplatinum(II) and 0.36 g N-ethyldiisopropanolamine were added and the mixture was stirred, the exothermicity being controlled by counter-cooling in order to keep the temperature at 125° C. The hydrosilylation reaction was brought to full conversion in relation to the hydrogen content of the SiH-functional organosiloxanes. In the context of the present invention, full conversion is understood to mean that more than 99% of the SiH functions were converted. Detection is effected in the manner familiar to those skilled in the art by gas-volumetric means after alkaline breakdown. After the reaction had been brought to full conversion, the crude product obtained was purified by means of distillation at 130° C. and 1 mbar for 1 h. This gave a transparent, pale beige, liquid product in each case. Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes can be found in table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes of formula (3″) M.sup.1.sub.m1M.sup.2″.sub.m2D.sup.1.sub.d1D.sup.2″.sub.d2T.sub.tQ.sub.q formula (3″) M.sup.2″ = [R.sup.1.sub.2R.sup.2″SiO.sub.1/2] and D.sup.2″ = [R.sup.1R.sup.2″SiO.sub.2/2]; OHS1 OHS2 OHS3 OHS4 OHS5 OHS6 OHS7 SH SH1 SH1 SH2 SH3 SH6 SH4 SH5 Starting 769.2 g 769.2 g 524.0 g 675.6 g 560.0 g 671.0 g 619.2 g weight SH Alcohol 2- 1- 2- 2- TMPMAE 2- 2- allyloxy- hexenol allyloxy- allyloxy- allyloxy- allyloxy- ethanol ethanol ethanol ethanol ethanol Starting 132.8 g 151.2 g 137.9 g 132.8 g 185.7 g 119.5 g 185.9 g weight alcohol m1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 m2 3 3 7 4 3 0 3 d1 26 26 28 34 26 23 24 d2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 t 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 R.sup.1 methyl methyl/ methyl methyl methyl methyl methyl phenyl phenyl R.sup.2″ (a″) (b″) (a″) (a″) (c″) (a″) (a″) (a″) = —(CH.sub.2).sub.3—O—(CH.sub.2).sub.2—OH (b″) = —(CH.sub.2).sub.6—OH [00003]

[0185] Third Stage—Preparation of the Polyester-Modified Organosiioxanes (PES):

[0186] In an inertized 500 ml three-neck flask with precision glass stirrer, dropping funnel, internal thermometer and reflux condenser, the respective amounts (cf. table 3) of hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes and lactones selected from ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone were heated to 135° C. while stirring, 20 g of distillate were withdrawn by carefully applying a vacuum. The apparatus was then flushed with nitrogen and thus brought to atmospheric pressure. Subsequently, The mixture was heated to 145° C. 500 ppm of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate were added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 150° C. for 6 hours. The viscous liquids obtained were introduced into a metal dish for cooling. After the products had fully hardened and cooled, they were broken into white flakes or ground into a white powder. Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the polyester-modified organosiloxanes can be found in table 3.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Part I: Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes of formula (2) PES1 PES2 PES3 PES4 OHS OHS1 OHS2 OHS3 OHS1 Starting 720.2 g 727.6 g 369.9 g 272.0 g weight OHS Lactone ϵ- ϵ-caprolactone ϵ-caprolactone ϵ-caprolactone λ-valerolactone caprolactone Starting 1394.2 g 1346.3 g 406.3 g 255.7 g 224.3 g weight lactone m1 0 0 0 0 m2 3 3 7 3 d1 26 26 28 26  d2 0 0 0 0 t 1 1 5 1 q 0 0 0 0 p 1 1 1 1 R.sup.1 methyl/phenyl methyl/phenyl methyl methyl/phenyl R.sup.3 (a) (b) (a) (a) R.sup.4 14× capryl 14× capryl 5.7× capryl 3.7× capryl + 3.7× valeryl Part II: Starting weights and further details of the preparation of the hydroxy-functional organosiloxanes of formula (2) PES5 PES6 PES7 PES8 OHS OHS4 OHS5 OHS6 OHS7 Starting 437.1 g 400.7 g 376.8 g 410.0 g weight OHS Lactone ϵ-caprolactone ϵ-caprolactone ϵ-carpolactone ϵ-caprolactone Starting 684.8 g 719.1 g 719.1 g 694.0 g weight lactone m1 0 0 3 0 m2 4 3 0 3 d1 34  26  23  24  d2 0 0 3 2 t 2 1 1 1 q 0 0 0 0 p 1 2 1 1 R.sup.1 methyl methyl methyl methyl R.sup.3 (a) (c) (a) (a) R.sup.4 10× capryl 7× capryl 14× capryl 8× capryl [00004][00005][00006]

[0187] Polyester-Modified, Linear Organosiloxane:

[0188] As a comparative example not in accordance with the invention, the commercially available product TEGOMER® H-Si 6440P (from Evonik) was used in the performance tests. This is a linear organosiloxane polyester-modified in the α,ω position. It is also referred to hereafter as PES0.

[0189] Performance Tests:

[0190] Compound Production—General Description:

[0191] Premixes of 2.5 kg each, consisting of the corresponding plastic (PMMA, PE, PP, PA, TPU) and the selected plastics additives, were made up, This involved adding the inventive and non-inventive plastics additives in the respectively reported proportions by mass, based on the total composition of the premix (reported in % or % by weight).

[0192] The resulting premix was subsequently introduced into a Brabender metering unit and fed via a conveying screw to the Leistritz ZSE27MX-44D twin-screw extruder (manufacturer Leistritz Extrusionstechnik GmbH) for the processing. The processing to give the respective compound was effected at a defined speed (rpm) and a defined temperature setting. The plastics extrudate was subsequently pelletized, with a waterbath generally being used to cool the extrudate, with the exception of the TPU where underwater pelletization was used. The temperature profiles of the respective plastics were selected in accordance with the technical data sheets. The temperatures, speeds and pressures of the various plastics can be found in table 4:

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Process parameters for the production of the compounds Extrusion temperature Speed Pressure Plastic [° C.] [rpm] [bar] PMMA Plexiglas ® 8N 245 200 36 (Evonik) PE LLDPE LL 1004YB 185 200 60 (ExxonMobil) PP Sabic ® PP 505P 205 200 40 (Sabic) PA Durethan ® B30S 265 140 33 (Lanxess) TPU Desmopan ® 385 S 142 150 70 (Covestro)

[0193] For the PA compounds having flame resistance, in addition to the plastic-additive premix a further component in the form of the flame retardant was added to the formulation, For this purpose, the flame retardant Exolit® 1312 from Clariant was added in zone 5 of the abovementioned extruder in a proportion by mass of 25% based on the total composition. The proportion by mass of the plastic-additive premix was 75% based on the total composition.

[0194] In the PP compounds a blue masterbatch was used in some tests and in the PMMA compounds a PMMA black masterbatch was needed for some tests, which are then mentioned with their % by weight in the specific comments on the results.

[0195] Production of the Test Specimens, Mouldings and Films and the Testing Thereof:

[0196] The application methods applied which were used to produce the inventive and non-inventive mouldings based on the compounds produced are specified hereafter. An overview of the methods is shown in table 5.

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Overview of application methods No. Methods Plastic Unit 1 Colour strength PP (L*a*b* values) DIN 55986 2 Opacity (1 mm, 2 mm) PMMA % TPU PE PP 3 Gloss (20°) PE DIN 5036 4 Melt flow index (MFI) PE g/10 min DIN 53735 PP 5 Flow spirals PA cm 6 Shark skin/assessment of PE 1 = very smooth = no shark the surface quality PP skin 2 = smooth = hardly any shark skin 3 = slightly wavy, transparency slightly reduced = little shark skin 4 = wavy, transparency reduced = intense shark skin 7 Tensile fest PA MPa Modulus of elasticity (E.sub.t) DIN EN 527-2 Type 1A 8 Multi-finger scratch PMMA: 2N, 3N, 5N, 7N, visible (5 finger test) 10N slightly visible not visible 9 Crockmaster 9N PMMA: 100, 250, 500 visible strokes slightly visible TPU: 25, 50, 100 strokes not visible 10 Coefficient of friction μ TPU:2N FIG. 1 = poor (COF) against metal FIG. 2 = average FIG. 3 = very good 11 UL94 PA V-0 V-1 V-2 failed 12 Tracking resistance (CTI) PA Volt

[0197] Methods [1], [2]& [3]: Production and Testing of the Optical Properties of Mouldings (Colour Strength, Opacity, Gloss, Transparency) on the Basis of Injection Moulded Sheets or Films

[0198] The compounds produced were processed on an injection moulding machine (type: ES 200/50HL, from Engel Schwertberg—Austria) into smooth sheets (injection mould: double sheets smooth, from AXXICON) having a size of 6 cm×6 cm and a thickness of 2 mm. Injection moulding conditions were chosen in accordance with the technical data sheets for the plastics used. Film samples which had been produced on a blown film or cast film installation could also be assessed as described below. To this end, an 8 cm×8 cm piece was cut out of the film and used as a sample. The film was previously tested with respect to its layer thickness in order to rule out possible variations in the properties being due to variations in the layer thickness. In this case, the layer thickness must not deviate by more than 10% from the desired layer thickness and the layer thickness of the comparative sample. A Brabender Lab Station type 815801 from Brabender GmbH & Co KG was used to produce the films and the material was fed to the die using the associated mini extruder from Brabender, type: 625249,120. Either a 15 cm wide slot die for cast films was fitted or a blown film head having a diameter of 10 cm on which blown films were manufactured. The cast films were then wound up on a Brabender Univex Take off apparatus type: 843322 and the blown films on a Brabender apparatus type: 840806. The conditions for film production were taken from the technical data sheets for the plastics processed and all films were produced at a speed of 18 m/min

[0199] The sheets/films were examined with respect to the opacity thereof using an SP62 apparatus from X-Rite and the transparency was assessed.

[0200] In the case of transparent samples such as for example for PMMA, the L*a*b* values of the transparent sheets were collected against a black background, because in this way reduced transparency becomes apparent in higher L* values and the opacity in the case of reduced transparency has higher values. In the case of coloured sheets, the L*a*b* values were ascertained using an SP62 colour strength measuring instrument from X-Rite and the resulting colour strengths were each calculated with respect to a composition without plastics additive, that is to say that these were calculated starting from 100%. A model SP62 spectrophotometer manufactured in September 2007 from X-Rite was used for the measurements. These coloured sheets of PMMA were measured against a white background (standard plate of the apparatus).

[0201] For determining the gloss of the various materials, the sheets (6 cm×6 cm×2 mm) described previously in the production or the corresponding film samples (8 cm—8 cm) having controlled layer thickness were likewise used. This involved taking in each case 3 measurements at different angles (20°, 60° and 85°), with the 20° angle being used for the assessment. The three measured values at the 20° angle were used for averaging. The films were fixed with double-sided adhesive tape. A Micro-TRI-Gloss model apparatus of category 4430 1.5 DC/0.1A from Byk-Gardner GmbH was used for gloss determination.

[0202] Method [4]: Testing the Melt Flow Index (MFI)

[0203] The compounds produced were examined in accordance with DIN 53735 with respect to the melt flow behaviour thereof (apparatus used: Meltflixer.sup.LT, type: MFI-LT, from SWO Polymertechnik GmbH). The MFI (melt flow index) is reported here in grams of plastic/10 min for plastics and compounds:

MFI=(mass [g]/time [s])×600 [s]

[0204] Unless otherwise indicated, all tests in the respective test series were carried out under identical test conditions. This was conducive to the purpose of comparability of the results. The conditions for the weight applied (mass in the abovementioned formula) were selected here in each case as indicated on the technical data sheets for the plastics used in the compounds.

[0205] Method [5]; Flow Spirals

[0206] The flowability of the flame-retardant polyamide compounds was ascertained by means of producing flow spirals (injection mould: flow spirals, from AXXICON). These were produced on an injection moulding machine (type: ES 200/50HL, from Engel Schwerlberg—Austria) and compared against compounds which did not contain any additive. The injection moulding conditions were chosen in accordance with the specifications in the technical data sheet for the polyamide used. Where longer flow spirals are observed, this signifies better flowability.

[0207] Method [6]; Assessment of the Surface Quality/Shark Skin

[0208] The PE and PP film samples for assessment of the surface quality were produced as described under methods [1], [2], [3] with the modular Brabender set-up. 8 cm×8 cm pieces were cut from the resulting films, visually assessed and graded as follows:

[0209] 1=very smooth=no shark skin

[0210] 2=smooth=hardly any shark skin

[0211] 3=slightly wavy, transparency slightly reduced=little shark skin

[0212] 4=wavy, transparency reduced=intense shark skin

[0213] For PE films there is more typically formation of V-shaped flow structures, which is referred to as shark skin, whereas for PP films a surface waviness is more likely to be observed. Both effects were brought together here in the assessment of the films. In addition, the time after which the best film image forms with the additive used was determined. The shorter the time, the less waste is generated in a film installation. A shorter time is therefore advantageous. PE and PP are frequently not processible without addition of a PPA (polymer processing aid).

[0214] Method [7] Production and Testing of the Mechanical Properties of Mouldings

[0215] For the testing of the mechanical properties of the compounds, dumbbell specimens (in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2 type 1A) were injection moulded using an injection moulding machine (type: ES 200/50HL, from Engel Schwertberg—Austria) in accordance with the injection moulding conditions provided in the technical data sheets for the plastics (injection mould: dumbbell specimens, from AXXICON), The test pieces were tested with regard to the mechanical properties thereof using a tensile testing machine (Zwick Roell Z010 type, BDO-FBO10TN type with macro fixture type B066550) and the following parameters were determined:

[0216] tensile modulus/modulus of elasticity (E.sub.t) (according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 type 1A).

[0217] Methods [8] & [9]: Production and Testing of the Wipe Resistance (Abrasion Resistance) and Scratch Resistance of Mouldings (5 Finger Test & Crockmaster 9N)

[0218] The compounds produced were processed on an injection moulding machine (type: ES 200/50HL, from Engel Schwertberg—Austria) to give smooth sheets having a size of 6 cm×6 cm and a thickness of 2 mm (analogously to the mouldings for the assessment of the optical properties). The black and transparent sheets served for assessing scratches and abrasion caused by the testing,

[0219] To evaluate the abrasion resistance (wipe resistance), the sheets were assessed using a Crockmaster ON (CM-5 AATCC CROCKMETER, from SDL Atlas; model M238BB) in each case after 100, 250 and 500 strokes for PMMA and in each case after 25, 50 and 100 strokes for TPU.

[0220] The scratch resistance was ascertained using a multi-finger test/5 finger test (model: 710, manufacturer: Taber Industrie), The scratches were made by a tip (diameter 1 mm) upon which various applied weights, rising from 2 N, 3 N, 5 N, 7 N and 10 N were placed. The five tips moved over the sheets to be examined at 7.5 metres per minute. The scratches were then assessed.

[0221] Method [10]: Determination of the Coefficients of Friction (COF)

[0222] A TPU sheet (6 cm×6 cm with 2 mm thickness) was moved with an applied weight of 200 g (corresponding approximately to an applied force F.sub.p of 2 N) over a metal sheet at a speed of 100 min/min. The resulting force F.3 was detected over the distance advanced of 15 cm and recorded in the form of a graph. The coefficient of friction is the quotient of the resulting force (pulling force) and applied force (COF=F.sub.D/F.sub.P). The measuring instrument used was an FT-1000-H type apparatus from Ziegler, manufactured in November 2016. When assessing the plastics composition, however, it did not come down to just the reduction in the COF, but also to the form of the graphs, as is explained below, to be able to incorporate the plastics composition as seals in moving parts such as for example pumps. The graph measured was to this end compared with the curve types in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 and categorized:

[0223] FIG. 1=poor

[0224] FIG. 2=average

[0225] FIG. 3=very good

[0226] The graph shown in FIG. 1 is typical for a tacky surface and a low coefficient of friction, as was observed in the case of a TPU without additive.

[0227] The graph shown in FIG. 2 is typical for a partially tacky surface and a nonuniform reduction of the coefficient of friction, particularly at the start of the measurement. The greater variation in the amplitude (y axis) is indicative of inhomogeneous additive distribution. The friction characteristics are frequently not reproducible.

[0228] The graph shown in FIG. 3 is typical for a non-tacky surface. There is a homogeneous additive distribution. The variation in the amplitude (y axis) is less than 0.1 over the entire forward travel of the measurement. The measurement is reproducible.

[0229] Method [11]: Production and Testing of Flame-Retardant Polyarnide Mouldings (UL94)

[0230] After drying the PA compounds to a residual moisture content of <0.1% by weight, these were processed on an injection moulding machine (type: ES 200/ 50HL, from Engel Schwertberg—Austria) to give test specimens (injection mould: tensile test bar, 1.5 mm thick & 3.00 mm thick, from AXXICON). The test specimens were tested and classified with respect to flame retardancy using the UL 94 test (Underwriter Laboratories). In order to ascertain the flame resistance according to the fire classifications below, in each case 5 test specimens per compound produced were subjected to the UL 94 test,

[0231] UL 94 fire classifications: [0232] V-0: No afterflame longer than 10 seconds is permitted. The sum total of afterflame time for 10 flame applications must not be greater than 50 seconds. The sample must not drip while burning. The sample must not burn away completely. No afterglow of the sample for longer than 30 seconds after the end of flame application is permitted. [0233] V-1: No afterflame longer than 30 seconds is permitted. The sum total of afterflame time for 10 flame applications must not be greater than 250 seconds. No afterglow of the sample for longer than 60 seconds after the end of flame application is permitted. The other criteria are as for V0. [0234] V-2: Ignition of the cotton batting by burning droplets. The remaining criteria are as per V-1. [0235] f: failed. Does not even meet fire classification V-2.

[0236] The test bars were burnt in a UL 94 test chamber from Mess- and Prüfsysterne GmbH.

[0237] Method [12]: CTI—determination of the tracking resistance of flame-retardant polyamide mouldings The CT! value (Comparative Tracking Index) of the PA test specimens produced in accordance with method [7] was determined in order to draw conclusions regarding the tracking resistance. The tests were performed by a duplicate determination at both head ends of the dumbbell specimen. The CTI value indicates the voltage (in volts) up to which the test specimen exhibits no tracking when a droplet (at most 50 droplets) of standardized electrolyte solutions was dropped between two platinum electrodes every 30 seconds. Here, tracking means that the test piece becomes conductive under voltage and ignites as a result. A notch is burnt into the compound and is subsequently measured, The best classification for compounds of this type is 600 V and <1 mm burn-in depth, which should be achieved in E+E applications. An M 31.06 type apparatus from PTL Dr. Grabenhorst GmbH was used for the determination of the CTI.

[0238] Performance Results of the Plastics Compositions Examined (Compounds, Sheets, Films):

[0239] Results for Polyolefin Composition Based on Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP):

[0240] Results for Polyethylene Compositions (PE):

[0241] The branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 were used in comparison to the linear polyester siloxane PES0 in each case at 2% by weight based on the total composition and compared with a PE without additive (blank sample) with respect to the opacity and the gloss at 20° of 2 mm sheets, The resulting compounds are referred to hereafter as PE0-A to PE8-A. Compounds were produced analogously each having a content of 3.5% by weight of polyester siloxanes. The resulting compounds are referred to hereafter as PE0-B to PE8-B. Films having a thickness of 100 μm were produced from these compounds and from a PE without additive (blank sample). In addition to the opacity of the films thus obtained, the melt flow index (MFI) of the compounds was determined. The results are summarized in Table 6.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Results for polyethylene compositions PE Opacity Opacity Gloss MFI Additive Compound 2 mm sheet 0.1 mm film 20° [g/10 min] PE without 50.29% 13.82% 62.8 2.4 additive PES0 PE0-A 60.18% 61.9 PE0-B 15.09% 2.9 PES1 PE1-A 53.21% 67.2 PE1-B 13.99% 4.8 PES2 PE2-A 56.28% 68.4 PE2-B 14.07% PES3 PE3-A 56.17% 68.9 PE3-B 13.84% 4.6 PES4 PE4-A 52.11% 74.9 PE4-B 13.67% PES5 PE5-A 55.63% 69.1 PE5-B 14.04% PES6 PE6-A 54.78% 73.5 PE6-B 13.96% 4.2 PES7 PE7-A 54.91% 71.0 PE7-B 13.92% PES8 PE8-A 55.29% 75.2 PE8-B 13.94% 4.5

[0242] In 2 mm sheets using 2% by weight, the inventive branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 had a markedly better opacity compared to the linear polyester siloxane PES0 without branching. This was still clear in 0.1 mm thick films even with relatively high additization at 3.5% by weight. An increase in gloss could generally be observed in all examples of the invention. A particularly high gloss could be observed for PES1, PES6 and PES8. Specifically for articles which are produced by injection moulding processes or in what is referred to as the blow moulding process, such as for example cosmetics bottles and the like, this leads to a higher quality appearance. The plastics additives according to the invention enable an increase in the MFI, which can be an advantage in injection moulding and also in the production of films where, as a result of new packaging regulations regarding 5-13 film layers in the structure there is the need to adjust the flowability of polyolefins used such that monopolymer structures are possible, that is to say all layers have to be made from just one polyolefin (e.g. PE). Different functional layers must therefore be adaptable in terms of their MFI.

[0243] Results for Polypropylene Compositions—Compounds and Sheets:

[0244] The branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 were used in comparison to the linear polyester siloxane PES0 in each case at 2% by weight based on the total composition and compared with a PP without additive (blank sample) with respect to the opacity of 2 mm sheets. The resulting compounds are referred to hereafter as PP0-A to PP8-A. In a further experiment, the PP0-A to PP8-A materials were coloured in order to determine the achievable colour strength. To this end, 1.5% by weight, based on the total composition, of a PP masterbatch was used in order to colour the materials blue. The PP masterbatch was composed of 60% by weight of PP having an MFI of 45 g/10 min, 30% by weight of pigment blue phthalocyanine and 10% by weight of TEGOMER® P 121 (% by weight based on the composition of the PP masterbatch). As blank sample, a corresponding PP compound without additive was used for the calculation of the colour strength based on L*a*b* values. The colour strength of the blank sample was set to 100%. In addition, compounds having a content of 6% by weight of polyester siloxanes were produced. The resulting compounds are referred to hereafter as PP0-B to PP8-B. The MR of these materials was ascertained. The results are summarized in Table 7.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Results for polypropylene compositions - compounds and sheets PP Colour strength of the sheets Opacity MFI coloured Additive Compound 2 mm sheet [g/10 min] blue PP without 20.33% 4.88 100.0% additive PES0 PP0-A 35.92% 69.2% PP0-B 5.67 PES1 PP1-A 29.18 83.7% PP1-B 8.39 PES2 PP2-A PP2-B PES3 PP3-A 26.81% 89.2% PP3-B 7.76 PES4 PP4-A PP4-B PES5 PP5-A PP5-B PES6 PP6-A 24.52% 9'1.1% PP6-B 8.60 PES7 PP7-A PP7-B PES8 PP8-A 27.44% 85.3% PP8-B

[0245] The inventive examples, based on the branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8, exhibited markedly reduced opacity values and hence a higher transparency compared to the non-inventive example based on the linear polyester siloxane PES0. The same could be observed for the materials coloured blue, where the blue pigment expressed its colour strength from the PP masterbatch much more intensely. Less masterbatch can thus be used for colouring plastics composition. Moreover, the colour tone was also brighter overall. This makes it possible to also produce optically more demanding parts in the injection moulding process. The increase of the MFI by the inventive additives is a further advantage which turned out to be much more potent in the case of the branched polyester siloxanes PES1-PES8 than for the unbranched, linear polyester siloxane PES0.

[0246] Results for Polypropylene Compositions—Films:

[0247] In a further step, compounds based on PP with an additive content of 10% by weight were produced. Such more highly concentrated compounds are also referred to in the industry as additive masterbatch. 1% by weight of this compound was then used on a blown film installation and mixed with 99% by weight of PP without additive in the Brabender unit, so that the resulting concentration of the additive in the 80 μm film produced was 0.1% by weight. The corresponding compositions are referred to hereafter as PP0-C to PP8-C. The films were then assessed with respect to shark skin formation as a function of time. Shark skin formation was evaluated here with the grades 1 to 4 as explained above. The film quality was assessed at 30-second intervals using film samples that had been taken as described above. The shorter the time and the lower the grade, the better the plastics additive used. Films based on the compositions PP0-D to PP8-D were produced analogously. These compositions were mixed from only 0.5% by weight of the 10% compounds and 99.5% by weight of PP on a blown film unit, so that the resulting concentration of the additive in the 80 μm film produced was 0.05% by weight. The results are summarized in Table 8.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Results for polypropylene compositions - films PP (Shark skin assessment) Additive Compound 30 s 60 s 90 s 120 s PP without 4 4 4 4 additive PES0 PP0-C 3 3 3 2 PP0-D 4 4 3 3 PES1 PP1-C 3 2 1 1 PP1-D 3 2 2 1 PES2 PP2-C 2 2 1 1 PP2-D 3 2 1 1 PES3 PP3-C 2 2 1 1 PP3-D 2 2 2 1 PES4 PP4-C 3 2 1 1 PP4-D 3 2 2 1 PES5 PP5-C 2 2 2 1 PP5-D 3 2 2 1 PES6 PP6-C 2 2 1 1 PP6-D 2 2 1 1 PES7 PP7-C 2 2 1 1 PP7-D 2 2 1 1 PES8 PP8-C 3 2 1 1 PP8-D 3 2 2 1

[0248] In contrast, the use of a typical additive masterbatch based on fluoropolymer (Ampacet Proflow 2) at a concentration of 1% by weight still did not result in a grade 1 even after 120 s. instead it was necessary to saturate the metal surfaces of the machine parts (dies or other parts) with 2.5% by weight of the masterbatch over 3 to 4 min in order thereafter to obtain a surface quality having the grade 1 to 2 using 1% to 0.5% by weight of masterbatch. On the other hand, by using the inventive polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 improvements in the surface quality or a reduction in shark skin could be observed after just 30 seconds, as are not reproducible for fluoro(co)polymer-based PPAs (Polymer Processing Aid). It is thus possible with the inventive polyester siloxanes to work already even with additions of 0.5-1.0% by weight. No prior coating of the metal surfaces of the machine parts is necessary. Moreover, with the inventive polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8, films having a surface quality of grade 2 or better could be obtained even after a short time (60 s), Here, too, the branched polyester siloxanes clearly differed from the unbranched, linear polyester siloxane PES0 with which hardly any improvement in the surface quality was apparent or was so only at a much later point in time. For this reason, in film installations having for example a 2 to 5 m diameter, the branched polyester siloxanes PES 1 to PES 8 can bring about a significant reduction in waste and reduce the formation of a coating (die buildup) without corrosion of installation parts, This can reduce downtimes of film installations.

[0249] Results for Polymothyl Methacrylate Compositions:

[0250] The non-inventive polyester siloxane PES0 and some of the inventive polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 were processed into transparent PMMA (PLEXIGLAS® 8N). The concentration of the polyester siloxanes here was 2% by weight for the compounds PMMA0-A to PMMA8-A and 3% by weight for the compounds PMMA0-B to PMMA8-B, based on the total composition. The blank sample used was PLEXIGLAS® SN without further addition of additives, The opacity of sheets with a thickness of 2 mm and also the Vicat softening temperature were determined, In contrast, for the determination of the scratch resistance (5 finger test) and the wipe resistance (Crockmaster), black-coloured PMMA was used. For the black colouring, 2% by weight of the black masterbatch Fibaplast Schwarz PMMA Batch 30504410 was therefore added to the compounds PMMA0-A to PMMA8-A during the production. The results are summarized in Table 9.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Part I: Results for polymethyl methacrylate compositions PMMA Colour Opacity strength Softening (transparent (black temperature Additive Compound PMMA) PMMA) [° C.] PMMA without 16.08% 100%  107.5 additive PES0 PMMA0-A 22.61% 103.5 PMMA0-B 25.03% 103.0 PES1 PMMA1-A 16.41% 94% 107.0 PMMA1-B 16.88% 106.5 PES2 PMMA2-A 16.52% 107.0 PMMA2-B 17.22% 107.0 PES3 PMMA3-A 16.83% 93% 107.5 PMMA3-B 17.37% 107.5 PES4 PMMA4-A 16.24% 107.0 PMMA4-B 16.79% 106.5 PES5 PMMA5-A 17.20% 97% 107.0 PMMA5-B 17.63% 106.5 PES6 PMMA6-A 18.06% 94% 106.5 PMMA6-B 18.71% 106.5 PES7 PMMA7-A 16.72% 91% 106.5 PMMA7-B 17.37% 107.0 PES8 PMMA8-A 16.43% 95% 107.0 PMMA8-B 16.88% 106.5 Part II: Results for polymethyl methacrylate compositions PMMA Crockmaster 5 finger test (black PMMA) (black PMMA) 100 250 500 Additive Compound 2N 3N 5N 7N 10N strokes strokes strokes PMMA visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible without additive PES0 PMMA0-A not not not slightly slightly not slightly visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible PMMA0-B PES1 PMMA1-A not not not not slightly not slightly slightly visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible PMMA1-B PES2 PMMA2-A not not not not not not not slightly visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible PMMA2-B PES3 PMMA3-A not not not not not not slightly slightly visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible PMMA3-B PES4 PMMA4-A not not not not slightly visible visible visible visible visible PMMA4-B PES5 PMMA5-A not slightly slightly visible visible visible PMMA5-B PES6 PMMA6-A not not not not not visible visible visible visible visible PMMA6-B PES7 PMMA7-A not not not not not not not slightly visible visible visible visible visible visible visible visible PMMA7-B PES8 PMMA8-A not not not not not visible visible visible visible visible PMMA8-B

[0251] The results show that the inventive polyester siloxanes led to no, or a very minor, reduction of the transparency; the opacity values were therefore hardly above the blank sample. In contrast to this, in the case of the non-Inventive polyester siloxane, merely a clouded, only translucent PMMA compound was obtained. A further advantage of the inventive examples is the maintenance of the

[0252] Vicat softening temperature in comparison to the prior art. It is as a result possible, when producing the compounds, to avoid starting with PMMAs having a higher Vicat softening temperature which are generally produced on the basis of higher molecular weights of the polymethyl methacrylates used or a specific monomer selection, but as a result also frequently have poorer flowability at the same injection temperature or have other disadvantages such as increased brittleness. Such disadvantages in the properties and the application can be avoided by the inventive polyester siloxanes. It should also be mentioned that the inventive polyester siloxanes also improved the wipe resistance and scratch resistance in black-coloured PMMA compounds. This occurred at least to the level of the commercially available, non-inventive polyester siloxane PES0, where for the scratch resistance an improvement over PES0 could even be observed, especially at the higher forces of 7N and 10N. Interestingly, the black-coloured PMMA compounds also had an improved wipe resistance, such that even at 500 strokes only slight damage, if any, could be observed. As a result, higher demands can be satisfied in the household, electronics or automobile sectors. PES1, PES4 and PES8 represent particularly advantageous species of the invention here which particularly advantageously permit a combination of various desired properties.

[0253] Results for Polyamide Compositions:

[0254] The inventive polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 and the non-inventive polyester siloxane PES0 were processed together with polyamide 6 to give compounds. The concentration of the polyester siloxanes was in this case 2% by weight for the compounds PA0-A to PA8-A and 3% by weight for the compounds PA1 -B to PA8-B. Standard test bars for the flame retardancy test having a thickness of 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm were produced and 5 bars were tested in each case. It was noted which of the UL 94 classifications V-0, V-1 and V-2 was achieved and how frequently it was achieved. The aim is to achieve at least 4×V-0 and 1×V-1 in order to be able to safely rate the compound with UL 94 V-0, 5×V-0 is particularly advantageous. In addition, a CTI test of the compounds PA0-A to PA8-A was performed and the length of the flow spirals of these compounds was ascertained. The modulus of elasticity of the compounds PA0-A to PA8-A was likewise determined. The results are summarized in Table 10.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Results for polyamide compositions PA Compound Modulus of Flow UL94 UL94 elasticity CTI spirals Additive Compound 1.5 mm 3.0 mm [MPa] [V] [cm] PA without 1x V-0 3x V-0 3470 500 16.0 additive 4x V-1 2x V-1 PES0 PA0-A 1x V-0 3x V-0 3210 500 16.4 4x V-1 2x V-1 PES1 PA1-A 3x V-0 5x V-0 3630 525 2x V-1 PA1-B 5x V-0 550 PES2 PA2-A 5x V-0 5x V-0 3620 550 PA2-B PES3 PA3-A 3x V-0 5x V-0 3640 525 18.3 2x V-1 PA3-B 5x V-0 550 PES4 PA4-A 3x V-0 5x V-0 3720 550 2x V-1 PA4-B PES5 PA5-A 5x V-0 3640 575 PA5-B PES6 PA6-A 4x V-0 3570 550 18.0 1x V-1 PA6-B 5x V-0 575 PES7 PA7-A 5x V-0 3680 525 PA7-B PES8 PA8-A 3x V-0 3660 575 17.9 2x V-1 PA8-B 5x V-0 575

[0255] The results show clear advantages for the branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8. For instance, an improvement in the flame resistance could already be observed with 1,5 mm thick materials. In contrast, an improvement in the flame resistance in the case of the linear polyester siloxane PES0 could not be achieved even with 3.0 mm thick materials. The use of the linear polyester siloxane PES0 had the additional disadvantage that the modulus of elasticity of the compound and hence the mechanical strength were reduced. In contrast to this, in the case of the branched polyester siloxanes an increase in the modulus of elasticity, that is to say an improvement in the mechanical strength, could be observed. The improvement in the flame retardant properties in the case of polysiloxanes PES1 to PES8 is also evident from the increased CTI value. Besides the improved UL-94 performance in the case of polysiloxanes PES1 to PES8, these also exhibit improved electrical properties. Combined with mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity) which are at least equally as good as those exhibited by the blank sample (PA without additive), this is very advantageous. As a result of the good flowability (the melt flow index is increased by at least 10%), thin-walled electrical components can therefore also be realized.

[0256] Results for Thermoplastic Polyurethane Compositions:

[0257] The branched polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 and the linear polyester siloxane PES0 were processed together with TPU to give compounds. The concentration of the polyester siloxanes was in this case 1% by weight for the compounds TPUO-A to TPU8-A and 2% by weight for the compounds TPU0-B to TPU8-8. The opacity of sheets having a thickness of 2 mm and of foils having a thickness of 0.5 mm was determined, The linear polyester siloxane PES0 at a concentration of 2% by weight led to such intense cloudiness that a measurement of the opacity was no longer meaningful, In addition, the friction characteristics (COF) were examined and the abrasion resistance was determined by means of Crockmaster. The results are summarized in Table 11.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Results for thermoplastic polyurethane compositions TPU Opacity Opacity Crockmaster COF 2N Graph 2 mm 0.5 mm 25 50 100 against type 1, 2 Additive Compound sheets film strokes strokes strokes metal or 3 TPU without 17.55% 16.28% slightly slightly visible 1.45 1 additive visible visible PES0 TPU0-B 46.21% 39.08% slightly slightly visible 1.39 1 visible visible PES1 TPU1-A TPU1-B PES2 TPU2-A 0.81 3 TPU2-B 0.55 3 PES3 TPU3-A TPU3-B PES4 TPU4-A 24.61% 20.29% slightly slightly slightly 0.84 3 visible visible visible TPU4-B 28.35% 22.68% not slightly slightly 0.61 3 visible visible visible PES5 TPU5-A TPU5-B PES6 TPU6-A 25.48% 20.81% slightly slightly slightly 1.05 2 visible visible visible TPU6-B 27.35% 21.22% not slightly slightly 0.88 3 visible visible visible PES7 TPU7-A TPU7-B PES8 TPU8-A 23.12% 19.43% not slightly slightly 0.68 2 visible visible visible TPU8-B 26.18% 20.63% not slightly slightly 0.59 3 visible visible visible

[0258] The results show that the inventive polyester siloxanes PES1 to PES8 could be transparently incorporated into TPUs. Moreover, the coefficient of friction could be markedly reduced, The high transparency and also the advantageous friction characteristics may be of particular significance for medical applications. It is clear from the change of the graph type to type 2 and even type 3 that the tackiness of the material has been markedly reduced. This property profile (reduced COF, no or low tackiness, high transparency) in thin layers is not known for unbranched linear structures. An additional advantage of the inventive compositions found was an improvement in the abrasion resistance, which in the case of parts that move against one another in medical technology or the automobile sector is important for a long lifetime of the components.