Insect trap

Abstract

The present disclosure describes a trap for catching or killing insects, and a method of attracting flying insects to an insect trap. The trap includes a back housing, an insect capture or killing mechanism, an insect attracting light source including light emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit ultra violet radiation, and a cover with openings that allow insects to enter the trap. The light source is directed immediately inwardly through plus or minor 45 degrees towards the insect capture or killing mechanism and is precluded from being directed immediately outwardly through the cover.

Claims

1. A trap for catching or killing insects comprising: a. a back housing; b. an insect capture or killing mechanism disposed in front of the back housing; c. an insect attracting light source comprising light emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit ultra violet (UV) radiation with a peak wavelength of 360-370 nm; and d. a cover, comprising openings allowing insects to enter and through which insect attracting light is dispersed, the cover being disposed in front of the back housing; wherein a plane (X-X) runs parallel to the back housing, the insect capture or killing mechanism, and the cover, and the insect attracting light source is positioned between the cover and the insect capture or killing mechanism and the LEDs are mounted in front of the back housing and the insect capture or killing mechanism, and behind the cover on a mount such that the insect attracting light source directs light: parallel to the plane (X-X) and with a spread of between plus 60 degrees to minus 60 degrees relative to the plane (X-X), by the natural configuration of the LEDs or by guides or baffles that channel the insect attracting light in the desired direction, and to a centre of the trap away from a perimeter running between the cover and the back housing.

2. The trap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guides or baffles comprise a carrying member and the LEDs are housed in the carrying member.

3. The trap as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carrying member is shaped such that the light emitted is splayed to the plane (X-X) running parallel to the back housing, the cover, and the insect capture or killing mechanism.

4. The trap as claimed in claim 3, wherein the splay is up to 30 degrees relative to the plane (X-X) towards the insect capture or killing mechanism.

5. The trap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mount is positioned at, or inset from, the perimeter running between the cover and the back housing, and comprises a pair of facing LED carrying members, such that the LEDs are orientated in facing relationship and directed parallel to the plane (X-X) to direct light to the centre of the trap.

6. The trap as claimed in claim 5, wherein the pair of facing LED carrying members are substantially U shaped to preclude light from being directed immediately outwardly through the cover or immediately inwardly onto the insect capture or killing mechanism and structured to control the spread of the light to plus 30 degrees to minus 30 degrees relative to the plane (X-X).

7. The trap as claimed in claim 1, further comprising reflectors seated in front of the insect capture or killing mechanism and behind or in front of the insect attracting light source.

8. The trap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect attracting light source includes 30-40 LEDs.

9. The trap as claimed in claim 1, which is a smart internet enabled trap.

10. The trap as claimed in claim 3, wherein the splay is up to 15 degrees relative to the plane (X-X) towards the insect capture or killing mechanism.

11. The trap as claimed in claim 2, further comprising at least one reflector seated in front of the insect capture or killing mechanism and behind or in front of the insect attracting light source.

12. The trap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mount is of a substantially circular configuration, such that the LEDs are oriented in facing relationship to direct light to the centre of the trap.

13. The trap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect attracting light source is directed parallel to the plane (X-X) and with the spread controlled to plus 45 degrees to minus 45 degrees relative to the plane (X-X), by the natural configuration of the LEDs or by guides or baffles that channel the insect attracting light in the desired direction, and to the centre of the trap away from the perimeter running between the cover and the back housing.

14. A method of attracting flying insects to an insect trap, comprising: diffusing light emitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs) which emit ultra violet (UV) radiation with a peak wavelength of 360-370 nm via a light source, wherein the LEDs are mounted in front of a back housing and an insect capture or killing mechanism, and behind a cover on a mount such that the light source is directed: parallel to a plane (X-X) running parallel to the back housing and with a spread of between plus 60 degrees to minus 60 degrees relative to the plane, by the natural configuration of the LEDs or by guides or baffles that channel the insect attracting light in the desired direction, and to a centre of the trap away from a perimeter running between the cover and the back housing.

15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein diffusing the light emitted by the LEDs includes splaying the light to the plane of the back housing and the insect capture or killing mechanism.

16. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the splay is up to 30 degrees relative to the plane (X-X) towards the insect capture or killing mechanism.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The various aspects of the invention will be described further, by way of example, with reference to the following figures in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a typical prior art insect trap showing the cover being removed and the frame slightly open with conventional UV fluorescent tubes;

(3) FIG. 2 is a trap of the invention with the cover on;

(4) FIG. 3 is a trap of the invention with the cover removed to show the back housing, an insect capture means, reflectors and a LED containing mount;

(5) FIG. 4 is a comparator photo′ illustrating an illuminated insect trap with conventional fluorescent tubes (upper) verses one with LEDs (lower);

(6) FIG. 5A is a trap of the invention where the insect attracting light (shown by arrow) is directed parallel to a plane running parallel to the back housing, the insect capture means, and the cover; and

(7) FIG. 5B is a trap of the invention where the insect attractive light (shown by arrow) is splayed inwardly at an angle α to the plane.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) FIG. 1 illustrates a typical prior art insect trap (10). It comprises a number of basic components: a back housing (12), a light source in the form of fluorescent, UV emitting tubes (22), an insect capture means (100) and a cover (16). The figure shows the fluorescent tubes carried on a frame hinged to the back housing. The plane of the back housing, and insect capture means, runs in the direction X-X.

(9) In contrast, and as illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 (lower), the insect trap of the invention (10) comprises a cover (16) which hides the LEDs from view. All that can be seen through the cover openings (18) (when the lights are off) are a minor portion of the glue board (100), a minor portion of the mount (14) supporting the LEDs, and a minor portion of the reflectors (44).

(10) Referring to FIG. 3 the mount (14) projects from, and is mounted to, the back housing (12) and comprises two pairs of facing LED carrying members (24a; 24b) which are inset from, a perimeter (20) of the back housing. Such a configuration has been shown by experiment (see below) to significantly improve insect capture.

(11) This or, for example, a substantially circular configuration orientates the LEDs in facing relationship to direct light to the centre (26) of the trap.

(12) A further and significant feature in maximising capture efficiency is to shield the LEDs so the light is directed in a plane (X-X) parallel to the back housing (12). This may be achieved by housing the LEDs in e.g. a substantially U-shaped LED carrying member(s) (24) (the LEDs are not visible in the Fig) which preclude light from being directed immediately outwardly through the cover (16) or immediately inwardly onto the insect capture means (100).

(13) The cover (16) is made of a translucent material and has an innermost surface which is shaped or roughened to maximise the transmission of UV light as set out in EP1457111. The openings (18) which allow insects to enter the trap are shaped to prevent the lights (22) being visible when viewed substantially perpendicularly to the normal plane (X-X) of the back housing (12). The general principle of maintaining a pleasant appearance of a trap is set out in EP0947134.

(14) The data supporting the claimed invention is set out in the Examples below:

EXAMPLES

(15) Methodology 1. Test Procedure—1 hour Fly Catch tests (Single trap test) 1.1 Houseflies were reared using a standard rearing procedure. Three to four day old, mixed sex flies were used in the experiments; 1.2 200× flies were used for each replicate; 1.3 Before commencing the test, the Fly Test Room was cleaned of any residual flies from previous tests. Walls and floors were moped using a mild detergent in water. 1.4 Test Room measures 6 metres (length) by 3 metres (width) by 3 metres (height); 1.5 The test room contains 8× 40 Watt Fluorescent tubes evenly spaced and mounted on the ceiling; 1.6 Each tube is 4 m in length and is a ‘Cool white’ colour; 1.7 Ambient UVA and the visible light intensity of the rooms fluorescent light lamps were measured immediately before the release of flies into the room; 1.8 Immediately after the commencement of each test ambient UVA and visible light were measured at a fixed point, from the centre of the room. The reading was taken with the sensor face parallel to the ceiling, at a distance of 1.5 metres from the ground; 1.9 Temperature was maintained at 25±3° C. and temperature and relative humidity was recorded immediately before the release of any flies into the room; 1.10 Traps were placed at 1.8 m from the floor to the underside of the trap, centrally on either of the long walls; 1.11 Trap UV output was measured by calibrated UVA test equipment on the centre UV face of the trap at a distance of 1 meter from the face. 1.12 Two Hundred (200×) mixed sex flies were transferred into the room, at the end farthest from the door, in the corner farthest from the trap. allowed to acclimatize for 30 minutes to the new room environment with the traps switched OFF; 1.13 After 30 minutes of acclimatization, the traps were switched ON, environmental parameters recorded, and the traps were allowed to operate. The flies were then released and the numbers of flies trapped was recorded every 30 min for a total of 60 minutes.

(16) Results

(17) The results from sequential tests are set out in the Tables below:

(18) Test 1

(19) 40 LED array (comparing outwardly and inwardly facing LEDs)

(20) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Design Ave Catch (60 min) LED Outwardly 44% LED Inwardly 93%

(21) Surprisingly this test suggested that, unlike with fluorescent tubes, it was not desirable to directly transmit the light outwardly, to obtain the most efficient capture.

(22) Test 2

(23) 28 LED array with directional testing and testing the effect of the translucent cover.

(24) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Design Ave Catch (60 min) LED Inwardly 50% (90 deg - towards glue board) LED Parallel (180 deg) 72% LED Splayed (45 deg inward) 80% LED Splayed (45 deg inward) 44% translucent cover blackened

(25) This test demonstrated that the translucent cover was, like with a traditional fluorescent tube, still playing a significant effect in attracting insects, and that the “internal lighting” of the trap was of significance.

(26) Test 3

(27) 30 LED array—Additional effect of directional control, using guides or baffles, to limit the direction of light transmission and further effect of translucent cover.

(28) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Design Ave Catch (60 min) LED Parallel (180 deg) plus 83% directional guides precluding light being transmitted directly outwardly LED Parallel (180 deg) plus 40% directional guides but with translucent cover blackened

(29) The results showed that the use of guides to control the direction of emission maximised catch and that the translucency of the cover was of significance.

(30) Test 4

(31) 30 LED array—Comparative study between UV fluorescent trap and UV LED trap of otherwise equivalent design.

(32) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Cobra trap (3 x fluorescent tubes) Time post insect Cobra trap (fluorescent) Catch release (minutes) 1 2 3 4 5 (Ave) Replicate 30 46 62 64 50 32 50.8 60 58 86 80 72 58 70.8

(33) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Cobra trap (30 LED (UV) array) Time post insect Cobra trap (LED) Catch release (minutes) 1 2 3 4 5 (Ave) Replicate 30 59 53 53 55 52 54.4 60 88 83 82 84 80 83.4

(34) The results show a statistically significant improvement in catch rate over 60 minutes (20% improvement).

(35) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 (Statistical analysis on Table 5 data) t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means 60 mins CCT LCT Mean 70.8 83.4 Variance 161.2 8.8 Observations 5 5 Pearson Correlation −0.223025967 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 4 t Stat −2.061422972 P(T <= t) one-tail 0.054138833

(36) A statistically significant p value of 0.05 confirms the greater capture efficiency of the LED trap over a conventional fluorescent tube trap after 60 minutes of operation.

(37) Finally, FIG. 4 illustrates, photographically, the different appearance of the two traps—LED (lower) compared to fluorescent (upper).