Electronic lock mechanism

Abstract

An interchangeable electronic lock mechanism provides selective access to a motor controlled latching system including a motorized pin to lock and unlock a knob assembly. The lock mechanism may be used to replace key operated locking cores, on the exterior of a storage unit, with a plug and optional adapter inserted into a remaining shell housing, and a driver to control access to a storage unit. Manual rotation of the knob activates the drive assembly to control access to the storage unit. An optional break away security feature in the knob inhibits unauthorized unlatching of the lock. When the lock is unlatched, the knob rotates the drive assembly including the plug and adapter within the shell housing, and in turn, activates the driver to operate the lock assembly in the storage unit. An optional modular chassis assembly includes a removable array of components for testing, maintenance and repair.

Claims

1. An electronic lock for operational association with a locking assembly for locking and unlocking a storage unit, the electronic lock comprising: a lock housing for releasably securing the electronic lock to the storage unit; a driver for operating engagement with the locking assembly when the lock housing is releasably secured to the storage unit; the driver moving between a first driver position and a second driver position; in the first driver position, the locking assembly is in the unlocked position; and, in the second driver position, the locking assembly is in the locked position; a drive shaft extending through the housing for selective operational engagement with the driver; a motorized activation assembly moving between a first activation assembly position and a second activation assembly position, in the first activation assembly position the drive shaft is operationally disengaged from the driver, in the second activation assembly position the drive shaft is operationally engaged with the driver, wherein the motorized activation assembly is configured to move a locking pin along a motorized activation assembly axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis defined by the drive shaft, between the first activation assembly position and the second activation assembly position, wherein a rotor is secured to the drive shaft for operational movement together with the drive shaft, wherein the locking pin is configured to engage the rotor to inhibit operational movement of the drive shaft when the motorized activation assembly is in the first activation assembly position, and wherein the locking pin is configured to disengage from the rotor in the second activation assembly position to permit operational movement of the rotor together with the drive shaft; an electronic access control to operate the motorized activation assembly between the first activation assembly position and the second activation assembly position; and a manual actuator operationally connected to the driver when the motorized activation assembly is in the second activation assembly position, for manual operation of the driver between the first driver position and the second driver position.

2. The electronic lock claimed in claim 1, wherein the motorized activation assembly comprises a gear assembly configured to move the locking pin to engage a pin port defined in an outer circumferential edge of the rotor and to inhibit operational rotation of the drive shaft when the motorized activation assembly is in the first activation assembly position.

3. The electronic lock claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotor defines a pin port in an outer circumferential wall extending radially about the longitudinal axis, wherein the pin port is configured to receive the locking pin when the motorized activation assembly is in the first activation position, and wherein the rotor is secured to the drive shaft for rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft when in the second activation assembly position and to prevent rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft when in the first activation assembly position.

4. The electronic lock claimed in claim 3, wherein the rotor is positioned for rotational movement within a collar defined by the lock housing, the rotor is configured for limited rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft within the collar, the collar defining a channel extending transversely to the longitudinal axis for advancing the locking pin into the pin port.

5. The electronic lock claimed in claim 4, wherein the rotor is spring biased for rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft toward the first activation assembly position.

6. The electronic lock claimed in claim 4, wherein the collar is defined by a back plate removable from the lock housing, the collar defining a first abutment corresponding to the first activation assembly position and a second abutment corresponding to the second activation assembly position, wherein the rotor defines a protrusion to engage the first abutment in the first activation assembly position and to engage the second abutment in the second abutment position, and wherein the electronic lock comprises a rotor position sensor configured to detect if the rotor is in the first activation assembly position to receive the locking pin in the pin port.

7. The electronic lock claimed in claim 1, wherein the motorized activation assembly comprises a gear assembly configured to move the locking pin to engage a pin port defined in an outer circumferential wall of the rotor when in the first activation assembly position, the rotor being biased toward the first activation assembly position.

8. The electronic lock claimed in claim 1, wherein the motorized activation assembly comprises a locking pin position sensor to detect the location of the locking pin when the locking pin is engaged with the pin port or when the locking pin is disengaged from the pin port.

9. The electronic lock claimed in claim 8, wherein when the electronic lock is in use, the electronic lock is secured to an exterior wall of the storage unit, an interchangeable driver assembly comprising the driver and a rotatable plug within a shell configured to be secured within the exterior wall of the storage unit, and the drive shaft extending inwardly along the longitudinal axis engages the interchangeable driver assembly.

10. The electronic lock claimed in claim 8, wherein the manual actuator comprises a detachable knob secured to the rotor for rotational movement with the drive shaft, the rotor being configured for selectable secured positioning of the knob relative to the rotor, the knob comprising a base and configured to break along a break zone defined by the base positioned inwardly and adjacent an exterior wall of the housing when an unauthorized force is applied to the knob in an attempt to operate the drive shaft.

11. An electronic lock operating between a locked position and an unlocked position, for locking and unlocking a storage unit, the electronic lock comprising: a lock housing configured for secure engagement with the storage unit, the lock housing comprising a back wall defining a fastener receptacle for receiving a fastener when the fastener is secured to the fastener receptacle from an interior wall of the storage unit; a driver for operating engagement with a locking assembly in the storage unit; a drive shaft extending along a longitudinal axis extending inwardly through the housing for selective operational engagement with the driver; an electronic access control to operate a motorized activation assembly, the motorized activation assembly configured to move a locking pin along a motorized activation assembly axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis defined by the drive shaft, between a first activation assembly position and a second activation assembly position, a rotor secured to the drive shaft for corotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft, the locking pin engaging an outer circumferential wall of the rotor to inhibit rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft when the motorized activation assembly is in the first activation assembly position, and the locking pin disengaging from the rotor in the second activation assembly position to permit rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft and to operate the driver between a locked position and unlocked position; and a manual activation assembly comprising a manual actuator, the manual actuator comprising a detachable hand control secured to the rotor for rotational movement with the drive shaft, the rotor being configured for selectable secured positioning of the hand control relative to the drive shaft, the hand control being enabled to move the driver when the motorized activation assembly is in the second activation assembly position, between a first driver position corresponding to the locked position and a second driver position corresponding to the unlocked position.

12. The electronic lock claimed in claim 11, wherein the motorized activation assembly comprises a rotor position sensor configured to detect if the rotor is in the first activation assembly position to receive the locking pin in a pin port defined by the outer circumferential wall of the rotor, the rotor being configured for limited rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft between the locked position and the unlocked position.

13. The electronic lock claimed in claim 12, wherein the rotor is spring biased for rotational movement of the rotor and the drive shaft to the first activation assembly position, the rotor interacting with a rotor position sensor to detect if the rotor is in the first activation assembly position to receive the locking pin in the pin port.

14. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 12, comprising: a locking pin sensor configured to detect the location of the locking pin relative to a pin port defined by the outer circumferential wall of the rotor, and an indicator element operatively connected to the locking pin sensor to indicate to an operator the location of the locking pin relative to the rotor.

15. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a collar defined by a back plate removable from the lock housing, the collar defining a first abutment corresponding to the first activation assembly position and a second abutment corresponding to the second activation assembly position, the rotor defining a protrusion to engage the first abutment in the first activation assembly position and to engage the second abutment in the second activation assembly position, and the collar defining a channel extending transversely to the longitudinal axis for advancing the locking pin into a pin port defined in the outer circumferential wall of the rotor.

16. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 15, wherein when the electronic lock is secured to an exterior wall of the storage unit, an interchangeable driver assembly comprising the driver and a rotatable plug within a shell configured to be secured within the exterior wall of the storage unit, the driver and the rotatable plug engaging the drive shaft in slide fit for operational rotation with the drive shaft and extending along the longitudinal axis into the storage unit for operational engagement with the locking assembly, the interchangeable driver assembly defining a first driver assembly having a first configuration for use with a first locking assembly, the first driver assembly being interchangeable with a second driver assembly for engagement with the drive shaft, and the second driver assembly having a second configuration incompatible for use with the first locking assembly.

17. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 15, wherein the manual actuator comprises a detachable knob secured to the rotor to inhibit removal from the drive shaft, the knob comprising a base secured to the rotor inward of an exterior wall of the lock housing, and configured to break along a break zone defined by the base positioned inwardly and adjacent the exterior wall of the housing when an unauthorized force is applied to the knob in an attempt to operate the drive shaft.

18. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 15, wherein the removable back plate comprises two fastener receptacles for securing the electronic lock to the storage unit when two corresponding fasteners are secured to the fastener receptacles from within an interior wall of the storage unit, the motorized activation assembly being removably secured to the backplate for detachment from the electronic lock housing.

19. An electronic lock for locking and unlocking a locking assembly in a storage unit, the electronic lock comprising: a lock housing comprising a removable back plate configured for secure releasable engagement with the storage unit, the removable back plate comprising two fastener receptacles for securing the electronic lock to an exterior wall of the storage unit when two corresponding fasteners are secured to the fastener receptacles from within an interior wall of the storage unit; a drive shaft defining a longitudinal axis extending inwardly through the housing for selective operational movement of the driver; an electronic access control to operate a motorized activation assembly, the motorized activation assembly comprising a gear assembly for motorized operational movement of a retainer along a transverse axis extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis, the retainer moving along the transverse axis to engage a retainer port in an outer circumferential wall of a rotor, the outer circumferential wall extending radially along the longitudinal axis, the retainer secured to the rotor and the drive shaft to inhibit rotational operation of the drive shaft when in the first activation assembly position and the retainer being disengaged from the retainer port in the outer circumferential wall of the rotor in the second activation assembly position, when in the first activation assembly position the drive shaft is operationally inhibited against moving the driver, and in the second activation assembly position the drive shaft is enabled for operational movement of the driver to move the locking assembly in the storage unit between locked and unlocked positions; a manual activation assembly comprising a manual actuator operationally enabled to manually move the driver when the motorized activation assembly is in the second activation assembly position, for manual operational movement of the driver between a first driver position corresponding to the locked position and a second driver position corresponding to the unlocked position; and the manual actuator comprising a detachable knob secured to the rotor and fastened to the drive shaft, the knob comprising a base secured to the rotor, the base defining a break line positioned inwardly and adjacent an exterior wall of the housing to encourage an outer portion of the knob to break away from the manual actuator when an unauthorized force is applied to the knob to operate the drive shaft without permission.

20. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 19, wherein the rotor is positioned for rotation within a collar defined by an interior wall of the lock housing positioned inwardly of the removable back plate, the rotor configured for rotation limited between the first activation assembly position and the second activation assembly position, the collar defining a first abutment corresponding to the first activation assembly position and the collar defining a second abutment corresponding to the second activation assembly position, the rotor defining a protrusion to engage the first abutment in the first activation assembly position and to engage the second abutment in the second activation assembly position.

21. The electronic lock claimed in claim 20, further comprising: a rotor sensor configured to detect the location of the rotor relative to the first activation assembly position, and a first indicator element operatively connected to the rotor sensor to indicate the location of the rotor and a retainer sensor to indicate when the retainer has engaged the retainer port in the first activation assembly position.

22. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 21, wherein the driver defines a first driver, the electronic lock comprising an interchangeable driver assembly for use with a first locking assembly, the interchangeable driver assembly comprising the first driver configured for interchangeability with a second driver having a different configuration for use with a second locking assembly, the first driver being incompatible for use with the second locking assembly, a rotatable plug for use with the first driver and configured for interchangeability with a second rotatable plug having a different configuration for use with the second driver, and the rotatable plug positioned within a shell configured to be secured within an exterior wall of the storage unit, and the drive shaft extends through the shell in slide fit engagement with the first driver and the rotational plug for operational connection of the manual actuator to the first driver in the second activation assembly position, when the electronic lock is secured to the exterior wall of the storage unit.

23. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 22, wherein the rotor is spring biased for movement toward a detent position corresponding to the first activation assembly position.

24. The electronic lock as claimed in claim 19, wherein the retainer defines a locking pin, the retainer port defining a recess in the outer circumferential wall and extending into the rotor inwardly toward the longitudinal axis, the locking pin defining a chamfered tip and the recess defining an entry port having inwardly chamfered shoulders.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the prior mechanical locks.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the prior mechanical lock of FIG. 1 as used in a central locking application for a lateral filing cabinet.

(3) FIG. 3 shows fully assembled preferred embodiment of the Electronic Lock of the present invention.

(4) FIG. 4-1 shows a partial interior view of the Electronic Lock of FIG. 3 to illustrate an example of the Motor and Gear Assembly.

(5) FIG. 4-2 shows a partial interior top view, in perspective, of the Electronic Lock of FIG. 3 to illustrate an example of the circuit board assembly.

(6) FIG. 4-3 shows a partial interior bottom view, in perspective of the Electronic Lock of FIG. 3 to illustrate the example of the circuit board assembly.

(7) FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of the preferred embodiment of the Electronic Lock.

(8) FIG. 6-1 shows examples of fully assembled Electronic Locks with different embodiments of the Lock Drive Shaft.

(9) FIG. 6-2 shows examples of different embodiments of the Lock Drive Shaft.

(10) FIG. 7-1 shows the steps to open an embodiment of the Electronic Lock.

(11) FIG. 7-2 shows the steps to close an embodiment of the Electronic Lock.

(12) FIG. 8-1 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock in the Fully Locked Position.

(13) FIG. 8-2 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock as the Motor begins to rotate.

(14) FIG. 8-3 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock after the motor is fully rotated and the Manual Knob is ready to be turned.

(15) FIG. 8-4 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock as the user begins turning the Manual Knob.

(16) FIG. 8-5 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock in the fully opened position.

(17) FIG. 9 shows a partial interior view of the illustrated embodiment of the Electronic Lock as the user begins the locking operation.

(18) FIG. 10-1 shows an exploded front view, in perspective, of a modular chassis assembly in the Electronic Lock.

(19) FIG. 10-2 shows an exploded rear view, in perspective, of the modular chassis assembly illustrated in FIG. 10-1.

(20) FIG. 10-3 shows a front view, in perspective, of the assembled modular chassis assembly illustrated in FIGS. 10-1 and 10-2.

(21) FIG. 11-1 shows a front view of a partial section, in perspective, of the modular chassis assembly, when the key and the locking core are partially rotated.

(22) FIG. 11-2 shows a rear view of a partial section, in perspective, of the modular chassis assembly, when the key and the locking core are partially rotated as illustrated in FIG. 11-1.

(23) FIG. 12-1 shows a front view of a partial section, in perspective, of the modular chassis assembly, when the key and the locking core are rotated 180 degrees in a clockwise direction.

(24) FIG. 12-2 shows a rear view of a partial section, in perspective, of the modular chassis assembly, when the key and the locking core are rotated 180 degrees as illustrated in FIG. 12-1.

(25) FIG. 13-1 shows a front view, in perspective, of the locking core assembled with the inner cam.

(26) FIG. 13-2 shows an exploded front view, of the locking core and the inner cam illustrated in FIG. 13-1.

(27) FIG. 13-3 shows a rear view of the locking core, and a front view of the inner cam, to illustrate the mating features of these two components.

(28) FIG. 14 is a perspective detail view of the slider cam included in the modular chassis assembly illustrated in FIGS. 11-1 to 11-3.

(29) FIG. 15-1 is a plan view of selected components in the modular chassis assembly, illustrating the interaction between the drive gear assembly and a visual indicator, showing the position of the drive gear assembly.

(30) FIG. 15-2 is a rear view, in perspective, of the selected components in the modular chassis assembly, illustrated in FIG. 15-1.

(31) FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of a sample circuit board of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(32) FIGS. 17-1 and 17-2 are flowcharts representing the operational steps of the microcontroller switches of the present invention, in opening a preferred embodiment of the invention.

(33) FIG. 17-3 is a flowchart representing the operational steps of the microcontroller switches of the present invention, in closing a preferred embodiment of the invention.

(34) FIGS. 18 and 18-1 are illustrations of the component layers of an example of a keypad assembly included in an embodiment of the present invention.

(35) FIGS. 19-1 to 19-12 illustrate schematic representations of the components in a preferred microcontroller controller circuit board of the present invention.

(36) FIG. 19-1 is a schematic drawing of a preferred (AT9OUSB) microcontroller circuit.

(37) FIG. 19-2 is a schematic drawing of a keypad connection circuit.

(38) FIG. 19-3 is a schematic drawing of an audible buzzer circuit.

(39) FIG. 19-4 is a schematic drawing of a microSD card holder circuit.

(40) FIG. 19-5 is a schematic drawing of a voltage regulator circuit.

(41) FIG. 19-6 is a schematic drawing of a circuit comprising the three micro electronic switches 1, 2 and 3 shown in FIG. 16.

(42) FIG. 19-7 is a schematic drawing of the USB port circuit.

(43) FIG. 19-8 is a schematic drawing of the main battery circuit.

(44) FIG. 19-9 is a schematic drawing of the real time clock (RTC) battery backup circuit.

(45) FIG. 19-10 is a schematic drawing of the motor driver circuit.

(46) FIG. 19-11 is a schematic drawing of the real time clock circuit.

(47) FIG. 19-12 is a schematic drawing of the LiPo battery charger circuit.

(48) FIGS. 20 and 20-1 are schematic drawing of an optional microcontroller circuit including RFID and NFC antennas. FIGS. 20-2 and 20-3 are tabled lists of specifications for the circuit components shown in FIGS. 20 and 20-1.

(49) FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method of operating an electronic lock of the present invention.

(50) FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method of programming the operational steps of an electronic lock of the present invention.

(51) FIG. 23 is a chart illustrating a set of preferred programming commands for an electronic lock of the present invention.

(52) FIG. 24 is a chart illustrating a set of preferred database files for use in association with the microcontrollers in an embodiment of an electronic lock of the present invention.

(53) FIG. 25-1 is an exploded frontal view in perspective of another embodiment of the invention.

(54) FIG. 25-2 is an exploded rear view in perspective of the embodiment shown in FIG. 25-1.

(55) FIG. 26 is a rear view in perspective of the invention when installed in a storage structure.

(56) FIG. 27-1 is a side view in perspective of a portion of the motorized latching assembly of the embodiment in FIG. 25-1.

(57) FIG. 27-2 is a bottom view in perspective of the motorized pin and rotor components shown in FIG. 27-1.

(58) FIG. 27-3 is top view in perspective of the motorized pin components shown in FIG. 27-1 and FIG. 27-2.

(59) FIG. 28-1 is a top view of the motorized pin and knob assembly in which the knob includes an optional breakaway security feature.

(60) FIG. 28-2 is an exploded top view of the motorized pin and knob assembly shown in FIG. 28-1.

(61) FIG. 29-1 is a front view in perspective of a plug and adapter (not shown) inserted in a shell housing in combination with a driver assembly.

(62) FIG. 29-2 is an exploded frontal view in perspective of the plug, adapter, shell housing and driver assembly shown in FIG. 29-1.

(63) FIG. 30 is a rear view in perspective of the knob shown in FIG. 25-1 and five alternative plug including variants of the driver base, 207-1, 207-2, 207-3, 207-4, and 207-5.

(64) FIG. 31-1 is a side sectional view of a change key CK partially inserted into a plug 222, advanced in the direction of arrow 1.

(65) FIG. 31-2 is a side sectional view of the change key CK further advanced into the plug 222, in the direction of arrow 2.

(66) FIG. 31-3 is a side sectional view of the change key CK fully inserted into the plug 222, after being advanced in the direction of arrow 3.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(67) FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show an embodiment of a prior art latching system illustrated and described in Canadian Patent No. 2,388,230. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show one embodiment of an irregularly shaped driver B having a retainer C which is generally circular in cross-section. The mechanical locking system shown in this patent includes a crank arm A with a zigzag configuration. This crank arm A is connected to a key operated locking core E which is included in a standard “Double D” lock housing unit F. This mechanical lock is shown installed in a conventional two drawer locking cabinet G.

(68) Electronic locks of the prior art are not readily or easily adapted for retrofit installation in storage units fitted with prior art latching systems.

(69) FIGS. 3 to 24 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(70) FIG. 3 shows an exterior view of an electronic lock 1, FIG. 4-1 shows a partial section of the electronic lock 1, and FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of the electronic lock. The electronic lock 1 includes a lock housing 3 with a standard “Double D” configuration lock housing insert 5. The lock housing 3 includes a housing frame 3a connected to a housing front plate 3b. (Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that gaskets and additional protective features may be provided between interconnecting components, to protect against dirt, moisture and other potentially damaging hazards. One or more of these optional features may be provided, where needed or desired, as a matter of design choice.)

(71) The lock housing insert 5 extends from the interchangeable rear housing plate 4 of the lock housing 3. The lock housing insert 5 is configured to fit within a corresponding opening with a like configuration in a storage unit. The lock housing insert 5 may be cast with the rear plate 4 as one piece. In other embodiments, the lock housing insert 5 may be a separate piece 4a secured (in some other manner) to a suitable back plate piece.

(72) A drive shaft 7 extends rearwardly from the lock housing 3 toward the interior of a storage unit (not shown). A driver 9 extends from the distal end of the drive shaft 7. The driver 9 is provided to connect with a locking system in a storage unit (which may be similar to an existing unit similar to the locking system described in Canadian Patent No. 2,388,230. Preferably, the driver 9 is interchangeable with other replacement drivers. A substitute driver may be attached to a suitably configured drive shaft segment which may also differ in configuration from the drive shaft 9 illustrated in FIG. 3.

(73) Different drive shaft configurations may be accommodated within the interior of the lock housing 3. The drive shaft, driver and housing components may be interchangeable with other replacement components to allow the electronic lock 1 to be interchangeable with comparable mechanical locks or other electronic locks. The interchangeability of these components enhances the adaptability of the electronic lock system for simplified repairs and replacements of existing locks and in OEM manufacture.

(74) A keypad 15 is provided as part of an electronic access control situated on the proximate face of the electronic lock 1. In this embodiment, keypad 15 includes an external protective keyboard membrane 44 and a front gasket 44a. The keypad 15 supports the entry of pass codes and programming commands via a keyboard circuit 42 into the memory element included in circuit board 40 by regular users and master users. Indicator light array 45 is connected to the circuit board and the power supply, to notify the operator of one or more status indicators associated with the maintenance and operation of the electronic lock. A USB port and cover 17 are provided on the side face of the lock housing 3. The USB port may be provided to facilitate recharging of the interior power storage (battery 33) used to power the electronic components of the electronic lock 1 including a battery powered rotary motor 32. In this embodiment, the USB port cover 17 is shown as a flexibly hinged attachment to a protective gasket 18 positioned between the interchangeable housing rear plate 4 and the housing frame 3a.

(75) A manual knob assembly 11 surrounds a rotatable bypass (override) key core 13. The manual knob assembly 11 includes a knob grip 14 which extends outwardly from the housing front plate 3b. The knob grip 14 is secured to a manual knob 14a which partially extends inwardly, away from the front plate 3b. When the knob grip 14 is secured to the manual knob 14a (for example, in a snap fit configuration), the manual knob assembly 11 is rotatably secured to the housing front plate 3b. In other embodiments comprising a lock housing 3a, a dummy plug (not shown) may be permanently installed so that a keyed bypass feature is not available. Some customers may wish to avoid the risk of the keyed lock being picked and therefore those customers may choose to decline the keyed bypass feature.

(76) The knob barrel 14b nests within knob 14a, and knob barrel cap 14c is positioned within knob barrel 14b, in a predetermined alignment so that the matched internal channels and abutments may selectively engage with the locking core 13 in the event that the operator chooses to operate the manual knob assembly in a manual override mode. The manual knob assembly 11 engages with a front drive gear 22 mounted about the knob barrel cap 14c, both of which are mounted on a fixed collar 3c projecting in a forward direction from the chassis 3f located within the housing frame 3a. Inner cam 14f is positioned rearwardly of the chassis 3f. The inner cam 14f extends through the interior channel of the collar 3c.

(77) FIGS. 10-1 to 10-2 illustrate a modular chassis assembly 60. An optional chassis 3f is provided so that the motor 32, circuit board 40, gears and other parts may be easily assembled outside of the housing 3. An optional modular chassis assembly 60 may be utilized to obtain one or more of the following advantages, or other advantages which will be apparent to those skilled in the art: To manage or accommodate production tolerances and to improve the alignment of parts and micro switches during assembly; To permit convenient testing of modular assemblies within the lock assembly, and preferably, the circuit board, battery and motor, prior to installation into the housing. This also allows for convenient replacement of faulty parts prior to final assembly. To simplify assembly and installation steps so that any parts designated for association with the modular chassis assembly 60 may be snapped into (or otherwise connected to) the chassis 3f, for subsequent installation into the housing 3.

(78) When the electronic lock 1 is in a locked state, the manual knob assembly 11 and the drive shaft 7 are not engaged and will not permit operation of the driver 9. In the disengaged state, the manual knob 14a spins freely.

(79) Once the appropriate passcode has been successfully entered and accepted by the software, the motor 32 begins to rotate. Ramped collar cam 30 which is mounted on the motor shaft also rotates. This collar cam 30 interacts with the ramped follower surface 29a on the first slider cam 29 so that as the collar cam 30 rotates, the slider 28 is urged away from the collar cam 30. This linear movement of the slider 28 displaces the locking dog 50 in the second slider cam 28b, to disengage locking dog 50 from recess 24e in rear drive gear 24a, to unlock and permit manual rotation of the drive shaft 7. The slider lobe 28x engages gear lobe 20x, when the slider 28 is displaced, to rotate the front and rear gear segments 20a, 20b, so that the gear segments 20a, 20b are aligned for engagement with the front drive gear 22 and rear drive gear 24a. When the knob 14 is turned, the gears 20a, 20b, 22, and 24a are meshed and the drive shaft 7 also turns. As shown in FIGS. 15-1 and 15-2, the ramped surface 24t on the rear drive gear 24a, engages indicator tab 31s (configured to act as a cam follower, along ramped surface 24t), to pivotally displace the indicator 31, to show that the lock is in the open position, or in the closed position, as the case may be.

(80) The gear segment assembly 20 includes a front gear segment 20a located forward of the chassis 3f and a rear gear segment 20b located rearward of the chassis 3f. A gear segment sleeve 20c extends through an aperture 3h in chassis 3f to connect front gear segment 20a to rear gear segment 20b. Torsion spring 27a urges the gear segment assembly 20 in a preferred direction, preferably to hold the gear segment assembly 20, in a starting position, abutting against rest 3j, when the gear assembly 20 is disengaged from the corresponding gears of the front drive assembly 14d and the rear drive gear assembly 24 when the electronic lock is in the locked position. In this embodiment the front drive assembly 14d includes front drive gear, and parts 14, 14a, 14b and 14c. The rear drive gear assembly includes rear drive gear segment 24a.

(81) Front gear segment 20a includes a first cam segment 21a and a second cam segment 21b. Cam segments 21a and 21b interact with the drive gear assembly, during rotation of the drive gear assembly, to activate control switches which interact with the motor, during the opening and closing steps of the electronic lock.

(82) When the manual knob assembly 11 and the gear assembly 20 are operationally engaged and the manual knob assembly 11 is turned, the drive shaft 7 also turns. The user turns the manual knob assembly 11 through 180 degrees to open a matched locking assembly (not shown) within a storage unit (not shown). This manual action provides the power to lift locking bars, rotate cams and other locking features without electrical power. This optional power saving feature allows an operator to apply manual power to perform these steps thereby reducing the power draw from the battery 33.

(83) The electronic lock 1 supports an optional manual override key K. The override key K bypasses the keypad 15 and allows the manual knob assembly 11 to be turned in operational engagement with the drive shaft assembly after the override key has been turned.

(84) When tumblers (not shown) in the locking core 13 are key activated, they engage with the internal channels and abutments of the manual knob assembly 11 to enable the bypass (override) option, allowing the operator to operationally engage the drive shaft assembly and rotate it upon rotation of the locking core 13 and the manual knob assembly 11.

(85) With reference to FIGS. 10 to 14, the lock core 13 has a horseshoe shaped extension 13b on its rear face which latches, in a slide-fit, with a corresponding, horseshoe shaped slot 14g on inner cam 14f. When the key K is inserted into the lock core 13, and the key K and lock core 13 are turned, the inner cam 14f also turns. The inner cam surface 14e acts against the cam follower 52 on the slider 28. This manual action moves the slider 28 in the same direction as the motor 32 would move the slider 28, if the motor 32 were used to operate the drive shaft 7 rather than the manual bypass. This movement of the slider 28 displaces the locking dog 50 on the second slider cam 28b, to disengage locking dog 50 from locking recess 24e, thereby unlocking the rear drive gear segment 24a and the drive shaft 7 so that the drive shaft 7 and the driver 9 may be rotated. The slider lobe 28x engages gear lobe 20x, when the slider is displaced, to rotate the front and rear gear segments 20a, 20b, so that the gear segments 20a, 20b are aligned for engagement with the front drive gear 22 and rear drive gear 24a. When the knob 14 is turned, the gears 20a, 20b, 22, and 24a are meshed and the drive shaft 7 also turns. As shown in FIGS. 15-1 and 15-2, the ramped surface 24t on the rear drive gear 24a, engages indicator tab 31s (configured to act as a cam follower, along ramped surface 24t), to pivotally displace the indicator 31, to show that the lock is in the open position, or in the closed position, as the case may be. The indicator tab 31s is kept in contact with the ramped surface 24t by a torsional spring 27 (shown in FIG. 5).

(86) FIGS. 11-1 and 11-2 show partial sectional views of select components of the manual override system, as the key K is partially rotated. As the key K is rotated (along with the lock core 13), the inner cam 14f pushes the slider 28 outwardly from the rear drive gear, to disengage the dog 50 from recess 24e. At the same time, the slider lobe 28x engages the gear lobe 20x, to initiate rotation of the gear segments 20a, 20b. As the key K is rotated 180 degrees, as shown in FIGS. 12-1 and 12-2, the inner cam 14f continues to push the slider 28 outwardly away, to engage gear segments 20a, 20b, with gears 22, 24a.

(87) An index spring 12 acts as a detent so the user can feel discrete clicks as the manual knob assembly 11 is rotated to advance through the operational steps of locking and unlocking.

(88) In this embodiment, the indicator 31 is used to show different colours in the window lens 12a corresponding to the rotational position of the manual knob assembly 11 and whether the driver 9 has opened or closed the locking assembly. Torsion spring 27 urges the indicator 31 in a preferred direction to indicate the status of the electronic lock 1. These different colours provide the user with a visual cue showing the status of the electronic lock and its corresponding affect on the locking assembly in the storage unit: (i) fully opened, (ii) fully closed or (iii) manual knob assembly 11 is partially turned.

(89) The electronic lock is readily adapted for use with various locking systems and storage units. A variety of interchangeable drive shafts and drivers may be provided with the electronic lock. The drive shafts and drivers are designed to fit with pre-existing locking components or standard OEM parts used by furniture manufacturers and the like. In addition, interchangeable lock housings of different configurations may be provided. For example, with regard to the example of the standard “Double D” lock housing, an opening of the same size and corresponding configuration is provided by furniture manufacturers in their furniture to accept a standard mechanical lock with a Double D mechanical lock housing. The electronic lock is easily adapted to be surface mounted on the furniture so that the housing insert 4a may be inserted as a replacement into a corresponding opening in an existing storage unit, including office furniture, fitted with a standard mechanical lock with a Double D housing.

(90) The electronic lock is easily adapted to be installed into an existing central locking system of a storage unit in exactly the same manner as an existing mechanical lock. In a preferred embodiment, the back plate of the lock housing assembly is first mounted within the gable of the cabinet structure using a hex nut, spring clip or other means suitable to secure the housing back plate to the structure. For convenience, a template may be provided to locate a single drill hole for a mounting screw (not shown) on the cabinet structure to match a threaded opening or other fastening feature on the lock. The hole may be drilled in the cabinet (or other structure) and the screw may be threaded through the drilled hole and into the electronic lock housing to ensure that the housing does not rotate or move relative to the structure after installation. Provided that the appropriate housing insert, drive shaft and driver configurations have been selected, the installer should be able to install the electronic lock without other tooling changes.

(91) The central locking system is installed in the same manner and configuration as with a mechanical lock.

(92) In different embodiments, the lock drive shaft and or driver may be replaced with a plurality of shapes and sizes such as square, horseshoe or other configurations. FIG. 6-1 and FIG. 6-2 illustrate two examples of two drive shafts 7,7a fitted with driver configurations 9,9a. A variety of locking cam configurations may be affixed to, or incorporated into, the end of a driver to suit many specific locking requirements of office furniture manufacturers and other manufacturers. A locking cam may be affixed to a driver or drive shaft with a hex nut or other suitable means. For example, driver cam 9b is shown as one embodiment of a removable cam feature. In some instances, it may also be convenient to provide a drive shaft segment, driver and cam element which may be manufactured as a single work piece.

(93) Opening the Lock

(94) FIG. 7-1 shows an example of the logical steps taken to open the electronic lock.

(95) The electronic lock 1 is initially in the locked state as shown in FIG. 8-1. The torsion spring 27a biases the gear segment assembly 20 away from the rear drive gear assembly 24 associated with the drive shaft and away from the front drive gear 22 of the front drive assembly 14d associated with the manual knob assembly 11. In this state, the manual knob spins freely and does not engage with the drive shaft. The slider 28 also retains the drive shaft in a fixed position so that it cannot rotate when the lock is in the locked position.

(96) Step 1

(97) The user enters a pass code on the keypad which is validated by the microcontroller against the data stored in the database. The data includes a pass code and other pre selected information, for example, the time of day. If the pass code is valid, then power is applied to the motor to engage the gear segment assembly to engage the manual knob assembly with the drive shaft.

(98) Step 2

(99) FIG. 8-2 shows the assembly as the motor 32 begins to rotate. As power is applied to the motor 32, the motor 32 and collar cam 30 rotate in a clockwise direction. The collar cam moves the slider 28 which engages the gear segment assembly 20 with drive gears 22, 24a (to connect drive assemblies 14d, 24) and unlocks the drive shaft to allow manual rotation.

(100) FIG. 8-3 shows the assembly with the various gears fully engaged and the manual knob assembly is ready for manual rotation.

(101) Step 3

(102) Once the gear segment assembly 20 is engaged with both drive gears 22, 24a (e.g., the gear segments from the rear drive gear assembly 24 and the front drive assembly 14d associated with the manual knob assembly 11), the user can now turn the manual knob assembly 11 to open the locking assembly (for example, a locking bar assembly) in the storage unit. FIG. 8-4 shows the electronic lock assembly as the user commences rotation of the manual knob assembly 11.

(103) FIG. 8-5 shows the lock in the fully opened position after the manual knob assembly has been turned 180°.

(104) Closing the Lock

(105) FIG. 7-2 shows the steps to close and lock the electronic lock.

(106) FIG. 8-5 shows the lock in the fully opened position.

(107) Step 1

(108) The user then closes a drawer or door (not shown) on the storage unit (for example, in a furniture cabinet) and turns the manual knob assembly 11 through 180° in a counter clockwise direction. This action is shown in FIG. 9.

(109) Step 2

(110) As the user continues to turn the manual knob assembly 11 fully through 180°, the gear segment assembly 20 disengages and falls away and is biased away by the torsion spring 27a. In Step 2, the electronic lock is in the fully locked position shown in FIG. 8-1.

(111) FIGS. 4-2, 4-3 and 16 show a preferred embodiment of the microcontroller circuit components, including: microcontroller 78, DC geared motor 32, keypad 15 with LED lights, LiPo battery 33 , USB port 17, microSD memory card 80, a battery charging circuit and a voltage regulator 87, real-time clock 72, coin cell battery 74, three micro switches 82, 84, 86. Optionally the circuit components also include an RFID/NFC antenna within the keypad 15 and an RFID/NFC Circuit.

(112) FIGS. 4-2 and 4-3 show the placement of the microcontroller circuit components within the electronic lock housing frame 3a. The placement of the micro switches 82, 84, 86 is also shown in these figures.

(113) FIGS. 19-1 to 19-12 illustrate a suitable set of microcontroller schematics for an AT90USB microcontroller 78, keypad connection, buzzer 76, microSD memory card 80, voltage regulator (included in part 87), three micro switches 82, 84, 86, USB port 17, a main LIPO battery 33, a real-time clock battery 74, motor driver, real-time clock 72 and LiPo battery charger (included in part 87) for use in an electronic lock of the present invention.

(114) Preferably, motor 32 is a relatively low cost, DC geared, small rotary motor used to rotate the collar cam 30 which in turn engages the gear segment assembly 20 and moves the slider 28 as described in more detail above. A DC geared rotary motor may be selected for one or more of the following reasons: (i) a rotary motor design may save space over several other motors alternatives; (ii) a geared motor may provide relatively high torque from a smaller motor; (iii) often, it will maintain its state without additional power; (iv) it may operate within a range of 3.0 V (or lower) to 5 Volts which means that power does not have to be regulated when used with a LiPo Battery; and (v) it may be configured for relatively low power consumption resulting from a relatively low power requirement and a relatively short duration of usage per operational cycle.

(115) Preferably, the gear reduction is about 100:1 but other reductions such as 50:1 and 150:1 may also be used. A preferred DC geared rotary motor will allow voltage input over a 3-6 Volt range which would allow the motor to be attached directly to the LiPo battery, thus bypassing or avoiding a need for the voltage regulator.

(116) As described in more detail above, each 180° turn with the shaft attached to the motor toggles the advanced/retracted position of the slider and gear segment assembly, thereby allowing the user to turn the knob barrel and open the lock.

(117) Power from the LiPo battery 33 is applied to the motor 32 to accomplish each 180° turn of the shaft. In the preferred embodiment, each turn of the shaft (which is accomplished by human power) requires power to be applied for only approximately 0.25 seconds. For each full use cycle of the lock (corresponding to opening and closing the lock), the motor shaft will have accomplished two 180° turns over approx. 0.25 sec intervals each, totaling 360° and approximately 0.5 sec of power being applied from the LiPo battery. For each full open and close cycle of the lock, power usage will total approx. 0.004 mAh, or 0.00057% of the usable power capacity of the LiPo battery.

(118) Table 1 contains a list of preferred parts for the circuit board of the preferred embodiment.

(119) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Preferred Parts List for Circuit Board of the Preferred Electronic Lock Qty Reference Value Source Part # 5 R1, R2, R3,   1 KΩ Digi-Key P1.0KJCT-ND R11, R12 3 R4, R5, R6  10 KΩ Digi-Key P10KJCT-ND 2 R7, R8  22 Ω Digi-Key P22JCT-ND 1 R9  22 KΩ Digi-Key P22KJCT-ND 1 R10   2 KΩ Digi-Key P2.0KJTR-ND 3 C1, C9, C10 0.1 μF Digi-Key 445-4964-1-ND 3 C2, C3, C8 1.0 μF Digi-Key 587-1231-1-ND 2 C6, C7 4.7 μF Digi-Key 445-7395-1-ND 1 IC1 Atmel AT90USB1286 (VQFN) Digi-Key AT90USB1286- MURCT-ND 1 IC2 [MCP1700] LDO Power Regulator Digi-Key MCP1700T3302ETT CT-ND 1 IC3 [M41T93] - SPI RTC with Batt. Backup Digi-Key 497-6303-2-ND 1 IC4 Li—Po Charging IC - MCP73831 Digi-Key MCP73831T- 2ACI/OTCT-ND 2 Q1, Q2 Transistor - NPN type Digi-Key ZXTN07012EFFCT- ND 1 D1 Snub Diode Digi-Key SMD1200PL- TPMSCT-ND 1 Y1 16 MHz Resonator Digi-Key 490-1198-1-ND 1 Y2 32 Khz Crystal - 12.5 pF Digi-Key XC1195CT-ND 1 X1 USB Port Micro - Type AB Digi-Key A97799CT-ND 1 BATT 2 mm spacing R/A SMT JST Connector Digi-Key 455-1749-1-ND 1 CN1 microSD socket Digi-Key 101-00303-68-2-ND 1 CN2 12-pin SMT/ZIF connector (0.5 mm Digi-Key A100283TR-ND pitch) Horizontal Mount, Bottom Contact type 1-1734592-2 1 SW2 Pogo Switches Digi-Key CKN10231CT-ND 2 SW1, SW3 Pogo Switches Digi-Key CKN10230CT-ND 1 COIN_CELL 3 V Coin Cell - SMT Digi-Key P279-ND 1 BUZZ Buzzer Digi-Key 102-1153-ND 1 SW Reset Reset Switch Digi-Key P8046SCT-ND

(120) Many electronic locks use AA or AAA batteries which are physically large. In other cases, small LiPo, coin cell, or other batteries are used but they are not re-chargeable. Although these battery types may be used in other embodiments of the invention, they are not preferred.

(121) The preferred design includes a microcontroller which is powered by Lithium Ion Polymer (LiPo) battery. Preferably, the battery is rechargeable. The preferred battery is a Tenergy 852045 with a capacity of 700 mAh, although batteries of different types and capacities may be used as a matter of design choice. Although it is not an essential requirement, the preferred 700 mAh capacity will in certain embodiments provide between about 7-12 months of normal operating usage on a single battery charge.

(122) Preferably, the battery 33 has low-discharge circuit protection. This type of circuit protection will cut-off power flow from the battery if the battery voltage approaches a level low enough to damage the battery 33. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that this type of circuit protection is important when the battery charge level is relatively low (e.g., if the filing cabinet is left locked for a long period of time). The power flow will be cut-off so that the battery may be re-charged, without damage to the battery, or without the need for replacement of the battery.

(123) When the battery is no longer able to hold a sufficient charge (for example, approx. 700 mAh in the preferred example) then a user may replace the battery by (i) providing a supplemental power supply via the USB Port to open the lock, (ii) removing the electronic lock from the furniture, (iii) removing the back plate, (iv) disconnecting the battery from the electrical leads, and (v) re-installing the new battery within the electronic lock and the electronic lock secured in the storage unit (for example, office furniture). Optionally, a trap door may be provided in the housing to access the battery without having to remove the lock from the furniture. This trap door may be optionally secured so that the door is opened by entering commands on the keypad.

(124) Preferably, a voltage regulator is used to maintain the voltage at a constant 3.3V for the microcontroller. A low-dropout or LDO voltage regulator (MCP1700) may be used because it can operate with a very small input-utput differential voltage. The advantages of a low dropout voltage will often include: (i) a lower minimum operating voltage, (ii) a relatively higher efficiency of operation and (iii) relatively lower heat dissipation. The regulating process is preferred to step down the voltage coming from the battery which may vary between about 3.2V to 4.2V and the USB power which may operate at about 5V.

(125) In the preferred embodiment, the lock includes a self-containing charging mechanism and as such does not require an auxiliary charger for the battery. The preferred circuit board includes a preferred LiPo charging integrated circuit (shown in FIG. 19-12), which safely charges the LiPo battery from power sources provided to it through the USB Micro-A Port (preferably 5V rated up to 500 mA). Preferred power sources include a USB power charger, computer or battery powered USB device. In addition, the circuitry may be easily adaptable to allow charging from other sources, such as by way of example, solar charging cells. Other power sources and connection ports may be used.

(126) In the preferred embodiment, the microcontroller controls the logic of the system. The System Software is resident in the microcontroller and controls the operation of the microcontroller. A variety of microcontrollers may be used as a matter of design choice. However, the ATMEL AT90USB1286 was selected in the preferred embodiment, for the following reasons: (i) low power consumption was desired and only 3.3V are required to operate the Microcontroller; (ii) the selected microcontroller supports C and C++ languages for software applications; (iii) the microcontroller includes 8 KB of non-volatile memory which is used to store user and settings data. (Non-volatile memory is not erased due to loss of power.); (iv) the preferred microcontroller supports a microSD memory card which is desirable for extensive data logging; (v) native USB 2.0 support is included which automatically formats and copies data in memory but also supports USB connect and host mode; and (vi) the preferred microcontroller includes 2 internal timers, since two timers are desired in the preferred method of lock operation.

(127) Data inputs in the preferred system include, data inputs from 3 micro switches, a preferred 12-button keypad and a real-time clock. Optional inputs are received from the RFID/NFC antenna.

(128) In the preferred embodiment, the System Software controls the operation of the DC geared motor, buzzer and 3 LEDs. Optionally, the System Software controls the RFID/NFC circuit.

(129) Preferably, the System Software reads and writes data records to the microSD memory card. Preferably, it also enables access to these data records when a computer or USB device is connected via the USB port (or other data port).

(130) Preferably, the System Software maintains a User Database with privileges within the microcontroller EEPROM/flash memory.

(131) During locking and unlocking processes, the System Software compares user codes inputted on the keypad to the permitted codes previously entered in the User Database to limit/control access to the electronic lock.

(132) Although other data ports are available, a USB type port is preferred. The most preferred USB port is of the Micro-A type, although Standard and Mini USB ports could also be used. The Micro-A was selected as a preferred design choice because Micro-A was believed to be (i) evolving into a future standard; (ii) more durable than Mini ports; (iii) the smallest port available and (iv) the lowest cost port available.

(133) The USB port allows charging of the LiPo battery, and access to the data records on the microSD memory card when the USB memory mode is enabled.

(134) Preferably, the keypad connection will accommodate a plurality of alternative keypads. With reference to FIGS. 18 and 18-1, a preferred keypad assembly will have three primary layers: keypad circuit layer, membrane, keypad and optionally an RFID/NFC Antenna.

(135) The preferred keypad is illustrated as a 12-button matrix style membrane keypad with 3 LEDs. The preferred keypad membrane is covered with a cast rubber silicone top.

(136) In the preferred array, the 12 buttons include digits 0-9, an enter key, and a program key. These buttons allow all desirable user controls of the lock, such as for example, inputting user codes to access the lock, setting system variables like adding/removing users and muting the sound (of the buzzer or other audible alarm or warning components), and enabling system modes like the USB access mode of the system's microSD memory card.

(137) Preferably, the real-time clock provides the calculation of UNIX Standard Time. UNIX Standard Time is preferred to date stamp and time stamp entries in the Database. Preferably, the real-time clock has two alternative power sources: the primary LiPo battery 33 and its own battery backup 74 in the event that the main battery 33 loses power. Preferably, a coin cell type battery 74 is used as a battery backup and under ideal conditions may provide about 2.5 years of backup power to ensure accurate timekeeping/data storage.

(138) Preferably, the circuit board includes a microSD memory card for data storage. However, it will be understood that alternative storage systems, including memory cards of any size may be used. In a preferred embodiment, approx. 128 MB of storage space will, ideally, provide storage for up to 350,000 log file entries (e.g., lock openings or closings). Preferably, once the database is full, the System Software will manage the available storage space and delete the oldest records first so that up to 350,000 of the most recent actions are maintained in storage.

(139) In the preferred embodiment, a buzzer 76 provides audible sounds corresponding events such as command success signals or command failure signals and key entry signals. The buzzer may be optionally disabled or enabled.

(140) Micro switches 82, 84 and 86 are used by the System Software to manage the processes of opening and closing the electronic lock. In FIGS. 17-1 and 17-2 the preferred Software process of opening the lock is described with the operation of the micro switches 82, 84 and 86. FIG. 17-3 shows the steps to close the electronic lock. FIGS. 4-2 and 4-3 show the three micro switches on the circuit board 40.

(141) Micro Switch 82 ensures that the rotary motor 32 turns precisely through 180° to engage and disengage the slider 28 and gear segment assembly 20. In the preferred embodiment, the rotary motor 32 always turns in a clockwise direction.

(142) Micro switches 84 and 86 are used to detect the rotation of the gear segment assembly 20. In the preferred embodiment, these switches allow the System Software to detect: (i) when the user starts to rotate the manual knob 14, (ii) when the user completes the 180° rotation and the lock is open, (iii) if the manual knob is partially turned but not turned sufficiently to completely open the lock, (iv) when the lock is closed and locked, (v) and if the lock drive shaft is turned and the keypad was not used (i.e., if the manual override key was used).

(143) FIG. 21 illustrates a flowchart of the operational steps of the preferred System Software used to control the operation of the electronic lock. As the user enters a passcode or other data on the keypad, the System Software logs each keystroke and stores the key sequences in the database for an audit trail.

(144) To validate a passcode, the microcontroller 78 accesses the database files to determine valid user codes and any rules and data values that have been applied or placed into effect for the electronic lock. For example, the lock may be set to be opened only for a specified period of time, during a limited time, during certain days. In some embodiments, other limitations and rules may be programmed into the System Software and the microcontroller 78.

(145) The optional behaviors of the lock during the opening and closing process may be programmed for control by rules and data values entered into the System Software. For example an optional audible sound may be given for success messages and failure messages. In another example, a prescribed security time lockout may be activated if a passcode is incorrectly entered a specified number of times (for example, 3 incorrect entries).

(146) Preferably, the System Software also records the user information, date and time when the lock was opened, failed attempts to open the lock, and the date and time that the lock was locked. Preferably time is recorded in Standard UNIX Time.

(147) FIG. 22 illustrates a flowchart of the operational steps of the preferred System Software which controls the entry of user and master codes. Preferably, locking rules and data values may also be entered, edited and deleted through the keypad. Similar to method steps outlined in FIG. 21, the System Software preferably logs each keystroke and stores the key sequences in the database for an audit trail. Lock rules and associated data values may be stored in the microcontroller database.

(148) FIG. 23 shows the list of preferred programming commands. As a matter of preference, programming commands are restricted to a limited number of users, preferably one of the Master Users. Regular (i.e., Non-Master) users may issue a limited number of programming commands, such as for example, to change their own passcode and to check the main battery level.

(149) FIG. 24 shows the preferred selection of micro controller Database files for the electronic lock. These files are stored on either the microcontroller internal memory or the microSD memory card. These data files may be extracted by one of the Master Code Users for reporting and review of the electronic lock's audit trail. In the preferred embodiment, two alternative approaches may be used to extract these files: through USB Connect and USB Host.

(150) In the USB Connect Mode, a standard USB to USB Micro-A cable (not shown) is first inserted into a laptop or other computer (also not shown) and the Micro-A connection is inserted into the USB port 17 in the electronic lock. The charging circuitry of the lock will activate and begin to charge the LIPO Battery.

(151) After successfully entering the Master Passcode, the user enters predetermined commands, for example, ‘11’ then followed by ‘P’, to activate data accessibility across the USB port. Preferably, a colored light (for example, yellow indicator light) will glow steadily when the USB data access mode has been enabled. The electronic lock's Database will show up on the computer as a mass storage drive, similar to the files presented on a USB memory stick. The user would then be able to access and copy the files onto the computer or open them with an application on the computer (e.g., Microsoft XL). Once finished, the Master User will then enter predetermined commands such as ‘11’ and then ‘P’, to disable the USB data access mode and the colored indicator light will turn off.

(152) In the USB Host Mode, a standard USB memory stick (not shown) is connected to the USB port 17 with a USB to USB Micro-A connector cable (not shown). After entering the Master Passcode, the user enters predetermined commands ‘13’ and then ‘P’ to activate the USB port and the yellow indicator light will glow steadily. A green indicator light flashes as the database files are copied to the USB memory stick. The Master User then enters predetermined commands, such as ‘13’ and then ‘P’, to disable the USB data access connection and the yellow indicator light turns off. The user would be able to copy the files from the USB memory stick (not shown) onto the computer (also not shown) or open them with an application on the computer (for example, Microsoft XL).

(153) Preferably, the USB Connect Mode also allows a user, such as the Master User, upload a file containing “user privileges” (a “user privileges file”) to be uploaded from a computer (not shown) connected through the USB port 17. After the Master User successfully enters the Master Passcode, the user enters predetermined commands, such as ‘14’ and then ‘P’, to activate the USB port 17 in write mode. The yellow indicator light will then glow steadily when the USB mode has been enabled. The lock Database will show up on the computer as a mass storage drive, similar to the manner in which files are listed and presented on a USB memory stick. The user may then copy the user privileges file from the computer to the electronic lock drive. Preferably, a second indicator light, such as a green light, flashes as the user privileges file is being coped to the electronic lock drive. The Master User then enters the associated predetermined codes, such as ‘14’ and then ‘P’, to disable the USB mode and the yellow indicator light turns off.

(154) FIG. 6 illustrates the preferred components in the circuit board 40, including an optional RFID/NFC Antenna within the keypad and RFID/NFC Circuit.

(155) FIGS. 20 and 20-1 to 20-3 show the schematics and related component specifications for the RFID/NFC Antenna and RFID/NFC Circuit.

(156) In the preferred embodiment, the RFID antenna may be made of a 2D coil design for a 125 kHz RFID antenna and made of printed copper onto a custom designed footprint and whose capacitor has been tuned so the read frequency is optimized to support 125 kHz RFID tags placed in close proximity to the keypad.

(157) Preferably, the System Software supports the following RFID functions: (1) enable or disable optional RFID mode; (2) add or remove one or more RFID Tags; (3) Activate RFID mode once this function has been enabled and (4) Read RFID Tag.

(158) Preferably, a Master User may enable the RFID mode by entering the programming mode as described above and then entering a corresponding predetermined command such as “20 P”. Once the appropriate command has been accepted, RFID tags can be added. This is performed by entering another predetermined command such as “21P”, followed by the step of bringing the valid RFID card or tag within proximity, typically within a few centimeters of the antenna. An indicator light, such as a green light, and an audible success sound may be programmed to notify the user if the RFID tag has been added.

(159) Once the RFID mode is enabled and the RFID tag has been successfully added, the user having this tag may open the electronic lock by bringing the RFID tag within range of the keypad. To do this, the user will first push a predetermined command, such as the Enter button, to activate the RFID mode and then bring the tag within close proximity to the electronic lock. If the RFID tag is successfully validated, an indicator light, such as a green light and an audible success sound, will be returned and the user will be allowed to rotate the manual knob, as described more fully above, to operate the lock. Optionally, the RFID function may operate in low power mode to listen for RFID tag signal(s). This may eliminate the need for the user to press a key to reactivate the system. Once the RFID tag comes close to the antenna (e.g. within a few centimeters) the presence of an RFID tag first wakes up the system and then RFID tag is read.

(160) NFC-enabled devices can act as electronic identity documents or keycards. As NFC has a short range and supports encryption, it may be more suitable than earlier, less secure RFID systems.

(161) NFC is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4 cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from 106 KBS to 424 KBS.

(162) Preferably, the electronic lock is the initiator which actively generates an RF field that can power a passive target. The NFC targets to take very simple form factors such as tags, stickers, key fobs, or cards that do not require batteries. NFC Targets may also include a variety of NFC-enabled smartphones including selected models of Google Nexus, Samsung Galaxy, RIM Blackberry, Apple Phone, and many other examples of smartphones.

(163) The operation of the electronic lock with passive NFC targets such as key fobs and cards is similar to the RFID mode as described above. Operation of the lock may also be performed from NFC-enabled smartphones in either of two modes: (i) Smart card-emulation mode allows the emulation of a contactless smart card or (ii) a Dedicated System Application saved on the smartphone which is enabled to transmit encrypted codes in a peer-to-peer mode between the smartphone and the RFID/NFC features provided on the electronic lock.

(164) In the preferred embodiment, the System Software supports the following NFC functions: (1) enable or disable optional NFC mode; (2) Add or remove one or more NFC Targets; (3) Activate NFC mode once this function has been enabled and (4) Read NFC Tag.

(165) In a preferred embodiment, the electronic lock is shipped with preloaded software and other information such as a unique internal serial number dedicated to each electronic lock. In the event that the Master Codes are lost for a particular device, the preferred electronic lock is provided with a secure preloaded program to execute a factory reset. This process will restore all of the lock defaults and set the master password to a known number. The preferred System Software may contain an encryption algorithm so that a unique factory reset code may be issued for each unique electronic lock Serial Number. In addition, the preloaded program may provide that this unique reset code will only be accepted by the specific electronic lock having the correct, corresponding Serial Number. The reset code may be programmed to be valid for a limited period of time as specified by the manufacturer.

(166) An encryption algorithm may also provide a secure code combination for daily use of the lock. For example, this feature could be utilized in corporate hoteling uses where visiting employees could periodically use a free desk for a day. It could also be used for a day locker in public areas. A computer application may be provided to generate an encrypted code that would work for a specific time period or until the code is changed. The computer application may be synchronized with a specific lock so that the code will be unique to that lock.

(167) FIGS. 25-1 to 31-3 illustrate other aspects of the electronic lock of the present invention, without the optional manual bypass feature previously described.

(168) For example, FIGS. 25-1 and 25-2 show another electronic lock 201 having an outer housing shell 202 configured as a protective covering for the internal components of the lock 201. The lock housing 203 includes a back plate 204 secured to the outer housing shell 202 with lock housing assembly fasteners 218 secured to corresponding threaded anchors 202a in outer housing shell 202. Mounting fasteners 217a, 217b are secured in threaded mounting anchors 217g to securely position the electronic lock 201 on the exterior surface of a storage compartment, for example, on the exterior face plate 299a of a drawer compartment 299, in a storage structure, for example, a multi compartment structure 300 as shown in FIG. 26. Preferably, the heads of mounting fasteners 217a and 217b are accessed from within the drawer compartment 299 for added security including inhibiting unauthorized removal or tampering with the electronic lock 201 or its components. The cam arm 217z is shown oriented toward the right (when viewing the storage compartment from the front of the storage structure) although other orientations may be configured so that the cam projects upwardly, to the left or in other orientations when adapted to other installations. Similarly, as described elsewhere herein, the knob assembly may be configured for clockwise or counterclockwise rotation between locked and unlocked positions.

(169) In this aspect, the outer lock housing shell 202 is fitted with a printed circuit board (PCB) 203b, preferably secured within the interior of the outer wall of the lock housing shell 202. An electronic keyboard 315, configured in the printed circuit board (PCB) 203b, is provided in this embodiment to operate the internal motorized latching system, including electric motor 232, contained within the lock housing 203. The inside surface of the PCB 203b serves as a support for various components (not shown in the drawings of this embodiment but which are) previously described in association with other embodiments in which a circuit board supports such various components used to power and control the motorized latching assembly. The motor 232 is secured within mounting bracket 203g which in turn is positioned between back plate 204, PCB 203b and the lock housing shell 202.

(170) The motorized latching assembly shown in FIGS. 25-1 and 25-2 is also shown in more detail in FIGS. 27-1, 27-2, 27-3, 28-1 and 28-2. In this preferred embodiment, the motor 232 drives a lead screw L via rotation of the gears arranged in a gear assembly 232g to move a locking pin P between a latched position in which the chamfered tip PC of the pin shaft PS is engaged between opposing side walls of pin port RP on rotor R. When the motor 232 moves the pin P to the unlatched position, the pin shaft PS is disengaged from rotor R, thus permitting an operator to turn knob 214 between a first position in which the lock 201 prevents opening of the drawer compartment 299 and a second position in which the lock permits the operator to open the drawer compartment 299. Although the knob 214 is shown having a generally circular configuration, alternative configurations of the knob are also included within the invention.

(171) In this embodiment, the motorized latching assembly includes a sensor to detect, for example, a locking position of the electronic lock (which may be selected to be the 12 o'clock position), the position of the motorized latching assembly, for example, defined by the position of the locking pin P operating between the preferred locations for the first latched position and the second unlatched position, and other positions which may be indicated to an operator via a lock position indicator 214z on the knob 214 (FIG. 25-2), or another display feature or other communication device (not shown). In this example, FIG. 27-2 shows a magnet M mounted on an outwardly facing surface of a lobe portion of pin P. The latching assembly is configured so that the magnet M is positioned between a pair or magnetic sensors MS on the inside surface of the PCB 203b to define the assigned positioning limits of pin P, between the latched position in which pin shaft PS is engaged with the rotor R when the leadscrew is fully advanced, and the unlatched position when the leadscrew is retracted so that the pin shaft PS is fully withdrawn from the rotor R to allow rotation of the knob 214. The rotational position of the knob may be sensed by use of an optical sensor OS positioned opposite a reflective surface on the rotor R (for example a chrome plated surface) so that, when the rotor tab RT is positioned at a predetermined location adjacent the transmitting and receiving optical sensor OS, the optical sensor OS detects and transmits information to other control components on the PCB to indicate that the knob 214 is in a predeterimed position, for example, at the 12 o'clock position corresponding to the locked position when an aimed beam of light is blocked by rotor tab RT. The optical sensor OS may also be used to detect and communicate other positions of the knob corresponding to other positions of the operationally associated drive assembly of the electronic lock.

(172) Preferably, the rotation of the knob 214 is controlled by: a head stop feature 292b on the plug adaptor 222 acting in cooperation with an abutment feature 292′ when rotating within core shell 200F shown in FIG. 25-1, or a driver stop (not shown), or a slot 209s in a slider bolt 209c (as shown in FIG. 29-2) which limits the rotational range of driver pin 207b. Other rotational stop configurations are also possible. Such rotational stop configurations are not necessarily included in the electronic lock of the present invention, but may be found in pre existing components salvaged for use in a retrofit installation.

(173) A pair of opposed channel abutments S defined by a collar 204c define a channel for advancing the pin shaft PS for latching engagement of the pin shaft PS with pin port RP on the rotor R. When the pin shaft PS is withdrawn from the pin port RP, the knob assembly is in the unlatched position, allowing the operator to rotate the knob 214 and associated drive assembly between the locked and unlocked positions. The rotational range of the knob 214 may be adjusted by suitably positioning the rotor relative to the selected position of the knob, and securing the rotor R to the knob 214 (using fasteners 214f), to correspond to the rotational range of a pre-existing locking system in a retrofit application involving a used storage structure. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the configuration of fastener cavities R3 permits the knob to be oriented in up to four positions, for example, a 12 o'clock position, a 3 o'clock position, a 6 o'clock position, or a 9 o'clock position, if desired. The rotor R may be positioned and secured using two fasteners 214f relative to the knob 214 to adjust for rotational ranges such as 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees or other rotational range configurations. The configurations of the rotor R and knob 214 may also be adjusted for clockwise or counterclockwise rotational operation of the knob and associated drive assembly.

(174) In this embodiment, the rotor R is also configured with a pair of opposed shoulders R2 which engage indexing spring 212 mounted on spring retainer 204d to define a detent position in which the operator may sense the desired orientation of the knob 214 before or after operational rotation or other movement of the knob 214. Preferably, the indexing spring 212 acts in cooperation with the opposed shoulders R2 to bias the operational positioning of the knob 214 into controlled alignment with the locking position. If desired, the configurations of the indexing spring and opposed shoulders may be adapted to bias operational positioning of the knob into alignment with a second position or other positions corresponding to one or more additional operational positions of the knob.

(175) The knob 214 includes a circular knob base 214b which nests within a recessed track 204e facing outwardly from within a circular cavity 215 defined by outer housing shell 202. A circular flange CF projects inwardly from the perimeter of circular cavity 215. The circular flange 215 is positioned between recessed track 204e (which supports knob base 214b for selective rotational movement) and a second recessed track 204e′, positioned inwardly of circular flange CF and recessed track 204e, so that the base of rotor R is supported within the second recessed track 204e′ for selective rotation when the knob 214 is turned. The circular flange Rc extends along the circular perimeter of rotor R and up to rotor tab RT. When the lock 201 is assembled, the circular flange Rc rotates within a third recessed track 204f facing inwardly along the inside wall of collar 204c.

(176) In FIGS. 28-1 and 28-2, an optional knob configuration is provided with a security feature to inhibit tampering with the operation and use of the electronic lock. Knob 214 includes a flared knob grip 214a and a narrow, weakened gap 214B between the flared base of knob grip 214a and the knob base 214b from which project two knob shoulders 214d, projecting from opposite sides of the knob shaft 214x. The knob shaft 214x is configured to fit snugly within a correspondingly configured knob port R5 provided in rotor R. The gap 214B may be further weakened by providing a cut, depression or other weakened band extending at a selected location along gap 214B to promote breakage along a break line along that weakened band. The rotor R (illustrated without rotor tab RT) is configured with recesses 214R each provided with a mounting flange RF. When assembled, the knob shoulders 214d fit snugly within recesses 214R of the rotor R, with the knob shoulders 214d abutting against a corresponding pair of mounting flanges RF. The rotor R is secured to the knob base 214b using a pair of knob fasteners 214f which extend through mounting cavities R3 in rotor R, and into engagement with threaded cavities 214c provided in knob shoulders 214d. If an unauthorized user attempts to breach the lock 201 by breaking away the knob grip 214a with a sufficient breaking force using, for example a hammer, screwdriver or locking pliers, the knob grip 214a is configured to break away leaving the remaining portion of the knob base 214b within circular cavity 215, and preferably below the outer surface of lock housing shell 202 so that an insufficient portion of the gap portion 214B remains exposed to further tampering, for example, malicious rotation with the use of locking pliers or similar tools. Similarly, a sufficiently thick portion of the knob base 214b remains in the first recessed track 204e to securely engage the circular flange CF. The remaining portion of the base 214b may be reinforced to inhibit further breakage or movement of the remaining portion across circular cavity 215.

(177) In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 25-1 and 25-2, the knob shaft 214x is inserted into a corresponding cavity of a replacement core plug 222 (or replacement core adaptor) which functions as a rotatable spindle configured to rotate within a pre-existing core shell 200F. The core shell 200F may be provided in a Double D housing configuration, or in other configurations, in combination with various driver configurations, as previously described in this description. The core plug 222 may be provided with a retainer 222d (for example, a reinforced tumbler) operating within retainer slot 222c. When the retainer 222d is extended (as further described below) the core plug 222 is retained for selective rotational movement within the core shell 200F. The pre-existing core shell 200F may remain in a retrofit installation into a pre-existing storage structure (not shown). The core shell 200F may have been used as a housing (for example, a bushing) for a key operated rotatable lock core (not shown) of a pre-existing storage structure. Typically, the core shell 200F extends through an outer wall of the storage structure, such as for example, an outer wall of a storage compartment (which had been provided with dedicated keyed access). The core plug 222 is operationally connected to an adapter 205 having a portion rotating within the core shell 200F and configured so that the adapter 205 may serve as a coupling connected to a driver or as a coupling configured with a driver element. In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 205 defines an adapter recess 206 to snugly couple with correspondingly configured opposing flanges 222a which project axially from the core plug 222. In this embodiment, the driver includes a driver arm 209 fastened to the driver base 207, the driver base 207 projecting from the adapter 205 along the rotational axis of the drive assembly. The driver arm 209 is secured to the adapter 205 by threaded engagement of the fastener 208 with a threaded cavity 207a defined by the driver base 207.

(178) FIGS. 29-1 and 29-2 show an alternative core shell 200F′ which may be found in pre-existing locking systems including key operated lock cores. The illustrated core shell 200F′ is shown with lower channel 200L and upper channel 200U which were configured for use with a lock core having a retainer tumbler. In this illustrated aspect, the core shell 200F′ is secured to an existing storage structure (not shown) using a fastener (not shown) engaged with mounting flange 200g. In this aspect, the driver includes a slider arm 209c which slides within slider slot 209d in shell base 222R. Replacement plug 222 is shown with a key slot 222k to receive a change key (for example, as shown in FIGS. 31-1 to 31-3) and connected knob port 222p configured to receive the knob shaft 214x. Plug 222 is shown with a head stop feature 292b acting in cooperation with abutments (not shown) within core shell 200F′ to define the rotational range of the drive assembly associated with this embodiment. (Plugs 222 and 222-2 which include head stop features are also shown in FIG. 30.) Slider tab 209c′ (which operates within slider slot 209d) is provided with a pin track 209s. In this aspect, the adapter 205 is configured with a driver pin 207b which slidably engages slider tab 209c′ along pin track 209s. When the core plug 222 is rotated, the adapter pin 207b moves along an arcuate path to advance or retract the slider arm 209c in cooperation with an existing locking system in a storage structure.

(179) FIGS. 31-1 to 31-3 are cross sectional views showing selected points in time when a change key CK (which may be used for installation or removal) is inserted into key slot 222k of a plug 222 connected to adapter 205 and in turn slider bolt 209c positioned within slot 209d. The alternative core shell 200F′ and other illustrated components are shown in isolation from other components of the electronic lock. However, to illustrate the operation of the change key CK, FIG. 31-1 shows the tip of the key CK beginning to engage the central key port in retainer 222d along the path marked by Arrow 1. In this position, the retainer 222d is engaged with retainer channel 304, preventing withdrawal of the core plug from the alternative housing 200F′. As the key CK is advanced in the direction of Arrow 2 as shown in FIG. 31-2, the retainer 222d is partially lifted toward its removal position illustrated in FIG. 31-3. In FIG. 31-3, retainer 222d is fully lifted upwardly and disengaged from the track 304 in the direction of Arrow 3, allowing the retainer to move outwardly along an upper channel 200U defined by core shell 200F′ so that the key may be used to extract the core plug and adapter from the core shell 200F′.

(180) FIG. 30 illustrates a selection of alternative plug designs which may be used as drive features for interchangeable replacement of key operated lock cores and other pre-existing locks in storage structures which may be refitted for continued use with an electronic lock. Although FIG. 30 shows similarities in certain features, such as for example, a similar retainer 222d positioned in a similar located in each of the illustrated plugs, other configurations are possible with this invention. FIG. 30 shows the preferred example of the knob 214 compatible with a rotor R as previously described, the knob including a shaft 214x configured to fit within corresponding cavities (for example, knob port 222p) which may be defined by five selected examples of alternative plugs, 222, 222-1, 222-2, 222-3 and 222-4 suited for use with this invention. For example, the alternative plugs may be provided with predetermined configurations to replace key operated lock cores of different configurations, including different shapes, dimensions, lengths, etc.

(181) In FIG. 30-1, plug 222 is provided with plug rim 222t to operate in cooperation with a corresponding core shell design (not shown). For example, the plug rim 222t may include a ridge or other feature to limit the range of rotation of the plug within that corresponding core shell design. At the opposite end of the plug 222, a pair of opposing flanges 222a project outwardly from the first driver base 207-1 configured to operationally engage an adapter with a correspondingly configured recess. By way of further example, plugs 222-1, 222-2, 222-3 and 222-4 are respectively shown with differently configured plug rims 222u, 222v, 222w and 222x intended for use with differently configured core shells. In addition, the opposite ends of the plugs 222-1, 222-2, 222-3 and 222-4 feature different corresponding driver base configurations 207-2, 207-3, 207-4 and 207-5.

(182) Plugs 222, 222-1 and 222-4 are examples of two plug configurations in which the driver bases 207-1, 2017-2 and 207-4 are respectively configured with corresponding opposed pairs of outwardly projecting flanges 222a, 222A″ and 222A′, each pair of flanges positioned adjacent a slot which in these examples may receive the tip of a change key CK, to permit engagement of the key tip with corresponding adapters. Plugs 222-2 and 222-3 show examples of differently configured plugs with alternative driver base configurations in which single flanges are configured as pins 207P and 207P′ for use in association with other drive assembly configurations.

(183) Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing descriptions were directed to specific embodiments of the invention. However, many other variations and modifications of the invention are also possible. Several preferred embodiments of the invention have been described with regard to the appended drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that additional embodiments are possible and that such embodiments will fall within the scope of the appended claims.

(184) TABLE-US-00002 Prior Art FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 A crank arm B irregularly shaped driver C retainer E locking core F lock housing unit G two drawer locking cabinet Embodiments of the Invention FIG. 3  1. electronic lock  3. lock housing  5. “Double D” shaped housing insert  7. drive shaft  9. driver  11. manual knob assembly  13. bypass (override) key core  15. keypad  17. USB port and cover FIG. 4-1  20. gear segment assembly  21a. first cam segment  21b. second cam segment  22. front drive gear assembly  24. rear drive gear assembly  27a. torsion spring  28. slider  29. first slider cam  30. collar cam  32. motor FIG. 4-2  17. USB port  72. real-time clock  74. clock battery  76. buzzer  78. microcontroller  80. micro SD storage  84. micro switch 2  86. micro switch 3 FIG. 4-3  82. micro switch 1  87. LiPo charger and voltage regulator  90. keypad connector FIG. 5  3a. housing frame  3b. housing front plate  3c. collar  3f. chassis  3g. mounting bracket  4. interchangeable housing back plate  4a. “Double D” shaped housing plug insert  12. index spring  12a. window lens  14. knob grip  14a. knob  14b. knob barrel  14c. knob barrel cap  22. front drive gear  4e. inner cam surface  14f. inner cam  17. USB port cover  18. USB gasket  20a. front gear segment  20b. rear gear segment  20c. gear segment sleeve  24a. rear drive gear segment  27. (second) torsion spring  27a. torsion spring  28a. second ramped surface on slider cam 29  28b. second slider cam  29. first slider cam  31. indicator  33. battery  40. circuit board  42. keypad circuit  44. keypad membrane  44a. gasket  45. indicator light array FIG. 6-1 electronic lock lock housing housing back plate  4a. “Double D” shaped housing plug insert  7. drive shaft  7a. shortened drive shaft  9. driver (illustrated as a cammed driver)  9a. embodiment of an alternative driver base FIG. 8-1 See above FIG. 8-2 CW clockwise rotation FIG. 8-3 See above FIG. 8-4 CW.sub.1 clockwise rotation FIG. 8-5 CW.sub.2 clockwise rotation FIG. 9 CCW counter clockwise rotation FIGS. 10-1 to 10-3 K key  3h. aperture  3j. positioning rest  13b. horseshoe shaped extension  14g. irregular slot  20d. channel  20x. gear lobe  24e. recess  28x. slider lobe  50. dog  52. cam follower  60. modular chassis assembly FIGS. 15-1, 15-2  24t. ramped surface  31s. indicator tab (cam follower) FIG. 25-1 200F. core shell (e.g., Double D core housing) 201. electronic lock 202. outer lock housing shell (e.g., front case) 202a. anchor 203. lock housing 203b. printed circuit board (PCB) 203g. motor mounting bracket 204. back plate 204c. collar 204d. spring retainer 204e. recessed track 204e′. second recessed track 204 f. third recessed track 205. alternative coupling (adapter with driver base) 206. adapter recess 207. driver base 208. driver fastener (e.g., cam fastener) 209. driver arm (e.g., cam, tenon or other feature) 212. index spring (e.g., detent clip) 214. knob 214b. knob base 214d. knob shoulder 214f. knob fastener 214x. knob shaft 214z. lock position indicator 215. chamfered cavity 217a. mounting fastener 217b. mounting fastener 218. lock housing assembly fasteners 222. core plug (spindle) 232. motor 292b. head stop feature on plug 222 292′. head stop abutments in core shell 200F′ 315. keypad (e.g., on PCB) CF circular flange P locking pin R rotor Rc circular flange S opposed abutments (e.g., a pin pathway) FIG. 25-2 200F. core shell 202. outer lock housing shell (e.g., front case) 202a. anchor 203b. PCB 203g. mounting bracket for motor 204c. collar 204e. recessed track 205. alternative coupling (adapter e.g., with driver base) 207. driver base 207a. threaded cavity 208. driver fastener (e.g., cam fastener) 209. driver arm (e.g., cam, tenon, or other feature) 212. index spring (e.g., detent clip) 214. knob 214a. knob grip 214b. knob base 214c. threaded cavity 214d. knob shoulder 214f. knob fastener 214x. knob shaft 217a. mounting fastener 217b mounting fastener 217g. mounting anchor 218. lock housing assembly fastener 222. core plug (spindle) 222a. opposing flanges (e.g., driver base) 222c. plug retainer slot 222d. plug retainer (reinforced tumbler) 232. motor P locking pin R rotor R2 rotor shoulder RT rotor tab S opposed abutments (e.g., pin pathway) FIG. 26 201. electronic lock 217a. mounting fastener 217b. mounting fastener 299. drawer compartment 299a. drawer face plate 300. example of a storage structure FIG. 27-1 203b. PCB 232. motor L lead screw MS magnetic sensor OS optical sensor P locking pin R rotor R2 rotor shoulder R3 mounting cavities (e.g., screw ports) R5 knob port RT rotor tab FIG. 27-2 214R. recess (e.g., configured for up to four screw positions/orientations of rotor relative to knob) 232. motor L lead screw M magnet P locking pin PC chamfered tip PS pin shaft R rotor R2 rotor shoulder R3 mounting cavities R5 knob port R14 mounting flanges Rc circular flange RP pin port RT rotor tab FIG. 27-3 232. motor 232g. gear assembly L lead screw M magnet P locking pin PC chamfered tip PS pin shaft FIG. 28-1 214. knob 214a. knob grip 214B. break line 214x. knob shaft 214z. lock position indicator 232. motor 232g. gear assembly L lead screw P locking pin PS pin shaft R rotor R2 rotor shoulder Rc circular flange FIG. 28-2 214. knob 214a. knob grip 214b. knob base 214B. break line 214d. knob shoulder 214f. knob fastener 214x. knob shaft 232. motor 232g. gear assembly L lead screw P locking pin PC chamfered tip PS pin shaft R rotor R2 rotor shoulder Rc circular flange FIG. 29-1 200F′. alternative core shell (e.g., core housing) 200g. mounting flange 209c′. slider tab 209d. slider slot 222. plug 222k. key slot 222p. knob port 222R. shell base FIG. 29-2 200F′. alternative core shell 200g. mounting flange 200L. lower channel 200U. upper channel 205. insert (e.g., coupling, or adapter with driver base) 206. recess 207b. driver pin 209c. slider bolt 209c′. slider tab 209d. slider slot 209s. pin track 222. core plug (spindle) 222c. plug retainer slot 222d. plug retainer (reinforced tumbler) 222k. key slot 222p. knob port 222R. shell base 292b. head stop feature on core plug 222 FIG. 30 207-1. first e.g., driver base 207-2. second e.g., driver base 207-3. third e.g., driver base 207-4. fourth e.g., driver base 207-5. fifth e.g., driver base 207P. driver base flange 207P′. alternative driver base flange 214. knob 214a. knob grip 214c. threaded cavity 214d. knob shoulder 214x. knob shaft 222. core plug (spindle) 222-1. alternative core plug (second example) 222-2. alternative core plug (third example) 222-3. alternative core plug (fourth example) 222-4. alternative core plug (fifth example) 222a. driver base configuration with opposing flanges 222A′. driver base configuration with alternative opposing flanges 222A″. driver base with second alternative opposing flanges 222d. plug retainer (reinforced tumbler) 222k. key slot 222t. plug rim 222u. plug rim 222v. plug rim 222x. plug rim FIG. 31-1, FIG. 31-2, FIG. 31-3 200F′. alternative core shell 205. coupling (adapter) 209c. slider bolt 209d. slot 222. plug 222d. plug retainer 222k. key slot 222p. knob port 222R. shell base 304. retainer track CK change key