High-voltage Components

Abstract

The present invention relates to high-voltage components, especially for electromobility, containing polymer compositions based on at least one polyamide and at least one sulfide containing cerium, and to the use thereof for production of polyamide-based high-voltage components or for marking of polyamide-based products as high-voltage components by laser.

Claims

1. A polymer composition comprising A) at least one polyamide and B) at least one sulfide containing cerium.

2. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein for every 100 parts by mass of at least one polyamide, 0.01 to 5 parts by mass of at least one sulfide containing cerium are used.

3. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least cerium(III) sulfide or cerium(III) sulfide/lanthanum(III) sulfide is used.

4. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising C) at least one filler or reinforcer, with the proviso that the polymer compositions, in the RAL color system, correspond to color number RAL2003, RAL2004, RAL2007, RAL2008, RAL2009, RAL2010 or RAL2011.

5. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising D) at least one flame retardant, or further comprising both the component D) and C) at least one filler or reinforcer, with the proviso that the polymer compositions, in the RAL color system, correspond to color number RAL2003, RAL2004, RAL2007, RAL2008, RAL2009, RAL2010 or RAL2011.

6. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising E) at least one further additive other than a filler or reinforcer or flame retardant, or further comprising the component E) and one or both of D) at least one flame retardant and C) at least one filler or reinforcer, with the proviso that the polymer compositions, in the RAL color system, correspond to color number RAL2003, RAL2004, RAL2007, RAL2008, RAL2009, RAL2010 or RAL2011.

7. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filler or reinforcer is selected from the group of glass beads or solid or hollow glass beads, or glass fibers, ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass having an alkali metal content of 1%, amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc.

8. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the flame retardant is selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants and phosphorus-containing flame retardants.

9. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein at least one thermal stabilizer is used as additive E).

10. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein titanium dioxide is used as additive E).

11. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein nylon-6, nylon-6,6, nylon-4,6 and/or a semiaromatic copolyamide is/are used as polyamide.

12. A high-voltage component comprising the polymer composition as claimed in claim 1.

13. The high-voltage component as claimed in claim 12, wherein the component comprises covers for electrics or electronics, control devices, covers/housings for fuses, relays, battery cell modules, fuse holders, fuse plugs, terminals, cable holders or sheathings.

14. A process for producing the polymer composition as claimed in claim 1, comprising mixing the components A) and B), optionally with one or more components chosen from C) at least one filler or reinforcer, D) at least one flame retardant and E) at least one further additive other than a filler or reinforcer or flame retardant, in at least one mixing system, with the proviso that the polymer composition, in the RAL color system, corresponds to color number RAL2003, RAL2004, RAL2007, RAL2008, RAL2009, RAL2010 or RAL2011.

15. A process for producing high-voltage components, comprising mixing A) at least one polyamide and B) at least one sulfide containing cerium to give polymer compositions that are discharged to give strands, cooling and pelletizing the resulting polymer compositions, and further processing the compositions by injection molding, by extrusion methods, or by blow molding.

16. A method of marking a polyamide-based product, comprising irradiating the product using a laser, wherein at least one sulfide containing cerium is used in the polyamide.

17. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one filler or reinforcer C) is present in an amount of 1 to 150 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the component A).

18. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the at least one flame retardant D) is present in an amount of 3 to 100 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the component A).

19. The polymer composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one further additive E) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 80 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the component A).

20. The process as claimed in claim 15, wherein 0.01 to 5 parts by mass of the sulfide containing cerium is used per 100 parts by mass of polyamide.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0190] To demonstrate the improvements in properties described in accordance with the invention, corresponding polyamide-based polymer compositions were first made up by compounding. For this purpose, the individual components were mixed in a twin-screw extruder ((ZSK 25 Compounder from Coperion Werner & Pfleiderer (Stuttgart, Germany)) at temperatures between 270 and 300° C., discharged as a strand, cooled until pelletizable and pelletized. After drying (generally for two days at 80° C. in a vacuum drying cabinet), the pellets were processed at temperatures in the range from 270 to 290° C. to give standard test specimens for the respective tests.

[0191] In the context of the present experiments, bleeding was measured via the discoloration of a 30.20.2 mm.sup.3 plasticized PVC film (P-PVC, FB110 white, standard low temperature strength, from Jedi Kunststofftechnik GmbH, Eitorf, Germany), which was stored in a hot air drying cabinet at 80° C. for 12 hours clamped between two 60.Math.40.Math.2 mm.sup.3 plastic sheets based on the polymer compositions shown in Table 2. This was followed by visual evaluation according to the gray scale of ISO 105-A02, with ‘5’ meaning that the PVC film showed no color change and ‘1’ meaning that the PVC film showed a significant color change.

[0192] In the context of the present invention, a measure of lightfastness was considered to be the discoloration of the molding compounds described in Table 2 in the form of 60.40.2 mm.sup.3 sheets after storage under UV with UV light from Suntest CPS+, 300-800 nm, 45-130 klx, with window glass filter 250-765 W/m.sup.2 from Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH, Linsengericht, Germany, for 96 h. Discoloration was evaluated visually based on the blue wool scale according to DIN EN ISO 105-B02, with ‘8’ representing exceptional lightfastness (little color change) and ‘1’ representing very low lightfastness (significant color change).

[0193] A measure of the quality of laser inscribability at 1064 nm was considered in the context of the present invention to be the contrast of a surface treated with a laser beam compared to a surface not treated with the laser beam. For this purpose, the DPL-Genesis-Marker (8W) laser inscription device from ACI Laser GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany was used, which was equipped with the MagicMarkV3 inscription software and the focusing lens F-Theta 163. An Nd:YAG laser crystal functioned as laser therein and delivered laser light of wavelength 1064 nm. For comparison of the contrast after inscription, a writing speed of 100 mm/s, a pulse frequency of 1000 Hz and a line spacing of 100 μm were chosen, with a pulse width of 3 μs and a laser power of the device of 90%.

[0194] Contrast was classified as follows, using the gray scale according to ISO 105-A03: [0195] Classification (−): The laser-irradiated surface differed from the non-laser-irradiated surface, comparable to a gray scale according to ISO 105-A03 of class 4, 4/5 or 5. The laser-irradiated surface was thus barely distinguishable, if at all, from the non-laser-irradiated surface. [0196] Classification (+): The laser-irradiated surface differed from the non-laser-irradiated surface, comparable to a gray scale according to ISO 105-A03 of classes 1 to 3/4. The laser-irradiated surface was thus readily distinguishable from the non-laser-irradiated surface.

[0197] Comparative Tracking Index was determined in accordance with IEC 60112 on test specimens of dimensions 60 mm 40 mm 4 mm using test solution A as defined in chapter 7.3 of IEC60112 at a voltage of 600 V, using 100 droplets rather than 50 droplets for the test in a departure from the standard. The numerical result of 101 drops means that none of the failure criteria of chapter 8.3 of IEC 60112 has occurred at 100 drops.

[0198] Reactants: [0199] Component A) Nylon-6 (Durethan® B26, from Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Cologne, Germany) [0200] Component B1): Cerium(III) sulfide/lanthanum(III) sulfide (CAS No. 12014-93-6; CAS No. 12031-49-1) [C.I. Pigment Orange 78 (Neolor Light Orange S from Baotou Hongbo Te Technology co. Ltd., ‘Inner Mongolia’, China) [0201] Component E/1): Titanium dioxide [CAS No. 13463-67-7] (Sachtleben R-KB-4 from Venator Germany GmbH, Duisburg) [0202] Component X/1): 12H-Phthaloperin-12-one [CAS No. 6925-69-5] in the form of Macrolex® Orange 3G from Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Cologne.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Ex. 1 Comp. 1 Component A) Pts. by wt. 100 100 Component B1) Pts. by wt. 0.3 Component B2) Pts. by wt. Component E1) Pts. by wt. 0.3 0.3 Component X/1 Pts. by wt. 0.3 Bleeding Gray scale 5 4 Lightfastness Blue scale 8 6 Laser contrast 1064 nm Classification + − CTI A @ 600 V Number of 101 — drops

[0203] The results in Tab. II show that only inventive Ex. 1, coupled with simultaneously high light fastness and very low tendency to bleeding, also showed sufficiently good contrast after laser inscription at 1064 nm, whereas the colorants according to the prior art did not simultaneously have both good contrast and good light fastness and a low tendency to bleeding.