METHOD FOR MICRO-RIDGE MIXED-SOWING CULTIVATION OF DRYLAND CROPS

Abstract

A method for micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of dryland crops includes the following steps: S1: cleaning ditches and draining away water in dryland; S2: harvesting the preceding crop, leaving the stubble, smashing the stalks of the preceding crop, and then spreading the smashed stalks on the stubble; S3: trenching the dryland to form ecological trenches; S4: flattening the standing stubble and the smashed stalks on the seedbed surface to form an underlying surface, molding seed-fertilizer-soil compounds into a ridge shape and falling the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds on the underlying surface to form ecological ridges, wherein a plurality of ecological ridges are formed between adjacent ecological trenches, an ecological depression is formed between adjacent ecological ridges, and after sowing, an irrigation is carried out once in a manner, wherein the manner includes: draining water shortly after the irrigation, without leaving a water layer in the field. The seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are obtained by thoroughly mixing soil with seeds of the dryland crops and chemical fertilizers.

Claims

1. A method for a micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of dryland crops, comprising the following steps: S1: cleaning ditches and draining away water in a dryland; S2: harvesting a preceding crop, leaving standing stubble, smashing stalks of the preceding crop to obtain smashed stalks, and then spreading the smashed stalks on the standing stubble; S3: trenching the dryland to form a plurality of ecological trenches; and S4: flattening the standing stubble and the smashed stalks on a seedbed surface to form an underlying surface; molding seed-fertilizer-soil compounds into a ridge shape and falling the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds on the underlying surface to form a plurality of ecological ridges, wherein ecological ridges of the plurality of ecological ridges are formed between adjacent ecological trenches of the plurality of ecological trenches, an ecological depression is formed between adjacent ecological ridges of the plurality of ecological ridges, and after sowing, an irrigation is carried out once in a manner, wherein the manner comprises: draining irrigation water shortly after the irrigation, without leaving a water layer in a field; wherein the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are obtained by thoroughly mixing soil with seeds of the dryland crops and chemical fertilizers.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, each ecological ridge of the plurality of ecological ridges is a trapezoid with a bottom width of 5.5 to 11.5 cm, a top width of 1.5 to 5.5 cm, and a height of 3.5 to 9.5 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, a mass ratio of the seeds of the dryland crops, the chemical fertilizers and the soil is 6 to 14:50 to 70:6,000 to 20,000.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, a spacing between the adjacent ecological trenches is 2 to 6 m, and each ecological trench of the plurality of ecological trenches has a depth of 45 to 85 cm and a width of 10 to 18 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein an amount of the seeds in S4 is 3 to 105 kg/ha.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein in S1, trench cleaning and drainage are carried out at a maturity stage of the preceding crop until the dryland is in a state allowing a harvester to operate.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising S5: within 15 to 50 days after seedling emergence of the dryland crops, putting 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens with blindfolds per ha, and feeding the 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens with special feed at an early stage of free-range rearing; wherein after adapting to an environment of the dryland, the 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens obtain food mainly by grazing in the dryland, supplemented by food feeding.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein a spacing within and between rows of the dryland crops during cultivation is 5 to 45 cm×10 to 80 cm, and a spacing within and between the rows of the dryland crops during seedling cultivation is 1 to 3 cm×2 to 6 cm.

10. The method according to claim 2, wherein in S3, a chain trencher is used for trenching the dryland; in S4, the standing stubble and the smashed stalks are flattened by using a warped pressing plate; and in S4, the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds pass through a drop guide before falling to the underlying surface, the drop guide conveys the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds to a shaper, and the trapezoid is formed through the shaper to fall on the underlying surface, wherein the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are scattered.

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein an amount of the seeds in S4 is 3 to 105 kg/ha.

12. The method according to claim 3, wherein an amount of the seeds in S4 is 3 to 105 kg/ha.

13. The method according to claim 4, wherein an amount of the seeds in S4 is 3 to 105 kg/ha.

14. The method according to claim 2, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

15. The method according to claim 3, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

16. The method according to claim 4, wherein the soil in S4 is soil thrown up during trenching in S3.

17. The method according to claim 2, wherein in S1, trench cleaning and drainage are carried out at a maturity stage of the preceding crop until the dryland is in a state allowing a harvester to operate.

18. The method according to claim 3, wherein in S1, trench cleaning and drainage are carried out at a maturity stage of the preceding crop until the dryland is in a state allowing a harvester to operate.

19. The method according to claim 4, wherein in S1, trench cleaning and drainage are carried out at a maturity stage of the preceding crop until the dryland is in a state allowing a harvester to operate.

20. The method according to claim 2, further comprising S5: within 15 to 50 days after seedling emergence of the dryland crops, putting 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens with blindfolds per ha, and feeding the 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens with special feed at an early stage of free-range rearing; wherein after adapting to an environment of the dryland, the 600 to 900 6-to-8-week-old young chickens obtain food mainly by grazing in the dryland, supplemented by food feeding.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine.

[0050] FIG. 2 is a side view of the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0051] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, a micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine includes the tractor 1 and the link rod 2 fixedly connected to the rear of the tractor 1. The arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the heading direction of the tractor 1. The rear of the tractor 1 refers to the direction opposite to the arrow. The tractor 1 is provided with a first driving device connecting to one end of the chain trencher 3. The chain trencher 3 is arranged obliquely. The upper end of the chain trencher 3 is connected to the first driving device, and the lower end of the chain trencher 3 is in contact with the ground. The chain trencher 3 includes the driving wheel 31, the driven wheel 32, the first unloaded chain 33, the second unloaded chain 34, the chain beam 35, the scraper 36 and the load chain 37. The first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34 are arranged between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32 in a winding manner. There are multiple chain beams 35, which are arranged between the first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34. The scraper 36 is fixed outside the first unloaded chain 33 and the second unloaded chain 34. The load chain 37 is also arranged between the driving wheel 31 and the driven wheel 32 in a winding manner. The first driving device is connected to the driving wheel 31. The first driving device drives the driving wheel to rotate, thereby driving the driven wheel, the first unloaded chain, the second unloaded chain, and the load chain to rotate. The scraper digs trenches in the soil and throws up the soil. The operating parameters of the chain trencher 3 include: a trench spacing of 2-6 m, a trench depth of 45-65 cm, and a trench width of 10-18 cm.

[0052] The conveyor 4 is arranged below the chain trencher 3. The upper end of the conveyor 4 is not closed to be used for receiving the thrown soil, and the conveyor 4 adopts a spiral impeller. The conveyor 4 is connected to the fertilizer apparatus 5 and the seeding apparatus 6. The conveyor 4, the fertilizer apparatus 5 and the seeding apparatus 6 are respectively driven by a second driving device, a third driving device, and a fourth driving device which are arranged on the tractor 1. The other end of the conveyor 4 is connected to the screw conveyor 7. The screw conveyor 7 is fixed on the link rod 2. The screw conveyor 7 is driven by a fifth driving device which is arranged on the tractor 1.

[0053] The bottom of the screw conveyor 7 is sequentially connected to the drop guide 8 and the shaper 9 from top to bottom. There are multiple sets of drop guides 8 and shapers 9. The shaper 9 is a trapezoid with a bottom width of 5.5 to 11.5 cm, a top width of 1.5 to 5.5 cm, and a height of 3.5 to 9.5 cm. The distance between two adjacent sets of drop guides 8 and shapers 9 is 4-6 cm.

[0054] The warped pressing plate 10 includes a warped end and a horizontal end. The warped end is fixed to the link rod 2, and the horizontal end is parallel to the ground and close to the ground. The warped pressing plate 10 is L-shaped. The warped end is perpendicular to the horizontal end.

[0055] The conveyor, the fertilizer apparatus, the seeding apparatus, and the screw conveyor are all driven by DC motors, respectively. The drop guide and the shaper have no driving device, relying on gravity, the kinetic energy of the machine during forward movement, and the coupling with the drop guide and the shaper to guide the falling and carry out the shaping for the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds.

Embodiment 1

[0056] From October 2019 to May 2020, micro-ridge mixed-sowing cultivation of oilseed rape was implemented in the Quantang Subdistrict, Mingyue Village, Lukou Town, Changsha County, Changsha city, Hunan province, China:

[0057] 1. The preceding crop was rice, which was harvested on October 27. The trenches were cleaned on that day, and the soil was dry, which is suitable for the operation of the four-wheel tractor.

[0058] 2. The stubble and stalks left after harvesting the rice were not removed to serve as a rhizosphere layer for the growth of oilseed rape.

[0059] 3. As shown in FIG. 1, sowing is carried out by using the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine: 1) the chain trencher is used for trenching to throw up the soil in the field to form trenches. The trench spacing is 8 m, the trench depth is 55 cm, and the trench width is 12 cm. Most of the thrown soil becomes the raw materials for mixed-sowing. The materials for sowing are composed of compounds of rice seeds, chemical fertilizers, and the soil thrown up during trenching. During sowing, the oilseed rape seeds, the chemical fertilizers, and the soil thrown up during trenching are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.7:40:8,400 by using the conveyor of the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine. The consumption of seeds is 5.25 kg per ha, and the seeds are mixed with 20 kg of compound fertilizer having an N:P:K ratio of 25:7:8 and soil to be sown. During operation, the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine completes, at one time, stubble flattening and spreading, trenching and soil taking, seed-fertilizer-soil mixing, and discharge of the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds in strips into the ridges.

[0060] 2) On the seedbed surface between the trenches, the rice stubble and stalks are pressed by using the warped pressing plate installed on the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine to form a relatively flat underlying surface. The seed-fertilizer-soil compounds are spread in strips on the field surface to complete the sowing. Before falling on the ground, the sown seed-fertilizer-soil compounds pass through the drop guide and the shaper to form trapezoids each with a wide bottom and a narrow top, thereby forming a row of micro-ridges. The ridge has a bottom width of 6.7 cm, a top width of 1.5 cm, and a height of 3.5 cm. During operation, the micro-ridge mixed-sowing machine completes, at one time, stubble flattening and spreading, trenching and soil taking, seed-fertilizer-soil mixing, and discharge of the seed-fertilizer-soil compounds in strips into the ridges. After sowing, irrigation is carried out once in a manner, wherein the manner includes: draining water shortly after the irrigation, without leaving a water layer in the field.

[0061] 4. When oilseed rape enters the seedling stage, 750 7-week-old young chickens are put per ha for weeding, pest control, disease prevention and control, and inter-tillage. In the early stage of free-range rearing, the chickens are fed with special feed, with 0.01 kg per day for each chicken. After adapting to the field environment, the chickens obtain food mainly by grazing in the field, supplemented by food feeding. At the bolting stage of oilseed rape, compound feed is put in every late afternoon instead of the special feed. The compound feed is obtained in the following manner: mixing corn flour of 20 kg, bean dregs of 7.5 kg, oil bran of 7.5 kg, rice bran and hull of 7.5 kg, and green feed of 7.5 kg (the green feed shall be chopped) to obtain a mixture, and then adding well water of 25 kg (with probiotics of 0.25 kg) to the mixture. 0.025 kg of feed is put for per chicken each day, and the feeding amount will increase as the weight of the chicken increases.

[0062] 5. The oilseed rape grew and developed normally during the entire growth period, the yield was increased, and the fertilizer consumption was reduced:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison table of comprehensive benefits in crop farming by comparing micro- ridge mixed-sowing cultivation with conventional cultivation of oilseed rape Consumption Compound Mechanical Saved cost of compound Oilseed Mechanical fertilizer operation cost and increased fertilizer rape yield operation cost per ha per ha benefit per ha per ha per ha reduced by reduced by per ha Type (kg) (kg) (CNY) (kg) (CNY) (CNY) Micro-ridge 300 2337 2400 75 600 1809 mixed-sowing Conventional 375 2134.5 3000 cultivation

[0063] The content clarified in the above embodiments should be construed as that these embodiments are only used to explain the present invention more clearly, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, modifications to the present invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art shall fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present invention.