Abstract
A tensioning device, more particularly a hydraulically actuated chain tensioner, for a chain drive of an internal combustion engine, having a tensioner housing, a tensioning piston which is displaceably guided in a piston bore of the tensioner housing and has a piston skirt, a transport securing means for fastening the tensioning piston in the tensioner housing, a adjustment apparatus for incrementally adjusting and limiting the working range of the tensioning piston, and a final position securing means for the captive arrangement of the tensioning piston in the piston bore. The transport securing means, the adjustment apparatus and the final position securing means together have a single securing ring for fastening the tensioning piston in the tensioner housing, the incremental adjustment and limiting of the working range of the tensioning piston and the captive arrangement of the tensioning piston. A chain drive, more particularly a control chain drive, of an internal combustion engine, having such a tensioning device is also provided.
Claims
1. A tensioning device, in particular a hydraulically actuated chain tensioner for a chain drive of an internal combustion engine, comprising a tensioner housing, a tensioning piston that is guided displaceably in a piston bore of the tensioner housing and has a piston skirt, a transport securing device for fastening the tensioning piston in the tensioner housing, an adjustment device for incrementally adjusting and limiting the working range of the tensioning piston, and an end position securing device for loss-proof arrangement of the tensioning piston in the piston bore, wherein the transport securing device, the adjustment device and the end position securing device jointly comprise a single securing ring for fastening the tensioning piston in the tensioner housing, for incrementally adjusting and limiting the working range of the tensioning piston and for loss-proof arrangement of the tensioning piston in the piston bore.
2. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting device comprises an adjusting profile formed on the piston skirt of the tensioning piston and having a plurality of grooves, on which the securing ring is arranged in operation for adjusting the working area of the tensioning piston, and comprises an adjusting groove formed in the piston bore, the adjusting profile being arranged on the distal end of the tensioning piston.
3. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the piston skirt at the tensioning-side end of the tensioning piston is configured as a smooth profile-free guide region, wherein the profile-free guide region extends from the tensioning-side end of the tensioning piston over at least 20%, preferably at least 35%, particularly preferably at least 40%, of the axial length of the tensioning piston.
4. The tensioning device according to claim 2, wherein the adjusting profile has a plurality of grooves extending around the piston skirt of the tensioning piston and arranged next to one another.
5. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the tensioning-side opening of the piston bore in the tensioner housing and the adjustment groove formed in the piston bore is at least 25%, preferably at least 30%, of the axial length of the tensioning piston.
6. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the transport securing device has a transport securing profile formed on the piston skirt of the tensioning piston, in which the securing ring is arranged in a transport securing device position, and has a transport securing groove at the tensioning-side end of the piston bore.
7. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the end position securing device has an end position securing groove formed on the piston skirt of the tensioning piston, wherein the securing ring is arranged in an end position.
8. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the securing ring is configured as a securing clamping ring, wherein the securing clamping ring is arranged on the tensioning piston in a pretensioned manner with respect to the piston skirt.
9. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the securing ring is configured as an open spring ring with two mutually facing end faces at the ends of the open spring ring.
10. The tensioning device according to claim 9, wherein the two mutually facing end faces at the ends of the open spring ring are inclined relative to a center line, wherein the angle of the inclined end faces at the ends of the open spring ring relative to the center line is preferably between 20° and 60°, particularly preferably between 30° and 40°.
11. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the tensioner housing has an engagement opening in the area of the adjustment groove to enable the adjustment device to be reset.
12. The tensioning device according to claim 11, wherein the engagement opening in the tensioner housing is formed as a bore, preferably as a bore passing through the tensioner housing.
13. The tensioning device according to claim 12, wherein the diameter of the bore in the tensioner housing corresponds to the diameter of the supply bores of the hydraulic fluid to the pressure chamber of the tensioning device.
14. The tensioning device according to claim 1, wherein the tensioning device is configured as a screw-in tensioner, wherein the thread profile on the tensioner housing preferably extends over both sides of an engagement opening.
15. A chain drive, in particular a timing chain drive of an internal combustion engine, comprising a drive sprocket, at least one output sprocket, a drive chain connecting the drive sprocket and the at least one output sprocket to one another, and a tensioning device according to claim 1, the tensioning device tensioning the drive chain.
Description
[0026] In the following, embodiments of the present invention are explained in more detail with reference to drawings. In the drawings:
[0027] FIG. 1 shows a chain drive for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention,
[0028] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device according to the present invention of FIG. 1 in an operating position,
[0029] FIG. 3 shows an enlarged partial view of the tensioning device of FIG. 2 in the first adjustment position,
[0030] FIG. 4 shows an enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device from FIG. 1 according to the invention in a transport position,
[0031] FIG. 5 shows an enlarged schematic view of the components of the transport securing device from FIG. 4,
[0032] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the tensioning device from FIG. 4 during the transition from the transport securing position to the operating position,
[0033] FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of the tensioning device from FIG. 2 in an extended operating position,
[0034] FIG. 8 shows an enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device from FIG. 1 in an end position securing position,
[0035] FIG. 9 shows an enlarged schematic view of the components of the end position securing device from FIG. 8,
[0036] FIG. 10 shows an enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device according to the invention for a chain drive from FIG. 1 in another embodiment,
[0037] FIG. 11 shows an enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device according to the invention for the chain drive from FIG. 1 in a further embodiment,
[0038] FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of the tensioner housing of the tensioning device of FIG. 11 in a second embodiment, and
[0039] FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of a securing clamping ring.
[0040] A tensioning device 1 according to the present invention is used in a chain drive 2 of an internal combustion engine, as shown in FIG. 1. This chain drive 2 is here a timing chain drive with a lower crankshaft drive sprocket 3 and two upper camshaft output sprockets 4 arranged side by side, as well as a drive chain 5. The drive chain 5 is laid endlessly around the drive sprocket 3 and the output sprockets 4 and connects them to each other. A guide rail 6 is provided in the load-carrying section of the chain drive 2, along which the drive chain 5 slides. On the opposite return strand of the chain drive 2 there is a tensioning rail 7 pivotably mounted in the vicinity of the drive sprocket 3, which may be pressed against the drive chain 5 by means of the tensioning device 1, so as to pretension the return strand of the chain drive 2. In the present embodiment of the chain drive 2 in FIG. 1, the tensioning device 1 is configured as a screw-in tensioner that is screwed into a corresponding opening of the engine block 8 in order to press with its tensioning piston 9 onto a pressure area 10 of the tensioning rail 7, which is thus pressed against the drive chain 5 with a predetermined force. Alternatively, the tensioning device 1 may also be configured as a flange tensioner, which is flange-mounted to the engine block 8 by suitable fastening means.
[0041] The enlarged sectional view of the tensioning device 1 according to the invention in FIG. 2 clearly shows the tensioner housing 11, which is configured as a screw-in tensioner, as well as the tensioning piston 9. The tensioner housing 11 is manufactured here as a lathe-milled part and has a hexagonal screw head 12 with a contact flange 13, by means of which the tensioning device 1 is screwed into the corresponding opening in the engine block 8. Below the contact flange 13, there is provided a ring seal 14 of rectangular cross-section so as to seal the tensioning device 1 screwed into the engine block 8 from the environment. Between the ring seal 14 and the threaded profile 15 on the tensioner housing 11, a supply section 16 with a smaller outer diameter is provided, via which the tensioning device 1 is supplied with hydraulic fluid, i.e. with engine oil. A supply bore 17 extending radially to the housing axis connects the supply section 16 to a prechamber 18 in the interior of the tensioner housing 11. At the bottom of the piston bore 20 there is a valve seat 21 for a check valve 22, via which engine oil may flow from the prechamber 18 into the pressure chamber 23 formed between the tensioning piston 9 and the tensioner housing 11.
[0042] The tensioning piston 9, which is configured as a hollow cylindrical component, is received in the piston bore 20 of the tensioner housing 11, thereby enabling longitudinal movement thereof. The tensioning piston 9 is pretensioned in the longitudinal direction of the tensioning device 1 by means of a helical pressure spring 26 arranged in the pressure chamber 23, wherein the tensioning piston 9, as a hollow cylindrical component, is provided with a pressure head 25 closed on the tensioning side except for a central vent opening 24. A packing 19 is further provided in the hollow-cylindrical tensioning piston 9, which reduces the volume of the pressure chamber 23 and seals off the end face vent opening 24 from the pressure chamber 23 filled with hydraulic fluid. For this purpose, the head of the packing 19 is pressed against the pressure head 25 at the tensioning-side end of the tensioning piston 9 by the pressure spring 26, which is supported against the check valve 22, so that the vent opening 24 is in throttled fluid communication with the pressure chamber 23.
[0043] The tensioning piston 9 has on its outer piston skirt 27 at a distal region facing away from the pressure head 25, i.e. at the rear end of the tensioning piston 9 in the tensioning direction, an adjustment profile 28 with a plurality of locking grooves 29 arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction. The contour of the adjustment profile 28 is sawtooth-shaped, with the tips between the detent grooves 29 being flattened. The outer diameter of the piston skirt 27 has the same diameter at the flattened tips of the adjustment profile 28 as the profile-free guide region 30 of the tensioning piston 9 at the proximal end of the tensioning piston 9, which is at the front in the tensioning direction. This allows improved guidance of the tensioning piston 9 in the piston bore 20, in particular also in the distal area of the piston skirt 27. The profile-free guide region 30 with the constant maximum outer diameter of the tensioning piston 9 not only enables reliable low-friction guidance of the tensioning piston 9 in the piston bore 20 of the tensioner housing 11, but also supports the adjustment profile 28 without tilting in the piston bore 20 for most of the operating states of the tensioning device 1, since the adjustment profile 28 does not protrude from the piston bore 20 until the tensioning piston 9 is in an extremely extended position. The adjustment profile 28 on the piston skirt 27 of the tensioning piston 9, together with the adjustment groove 31 formed in the piston bore 20 and the securing ring 32 arranged in the adjustment groove 31, form the adjustment device for incremental adjustment and limitation of the working range of the tensioning piston 9. The free working range of the tensioning piston 9, in which the tensioning device 1 provides its damping effect during operation, is defined by the axial length of the adjustment groove 31 between the tensioning-side adjustment flank 33 that extends radially perpendicular to the straight bottom of the adjustment groove 31 and the inclined distal stop flank 34. When the securing ring 32 is in contact with the tension-side adjustment flank 33, the securing ring 32 is pressed into the subsequent detent groove 29 of the adjustment profile 28 when the tensioning piston 9 is further extended from the piston bore 20, in order to adjust the working range of the tensioning piston 9 in the event of wear of the drive chain 5. When the securing ring 32 is in contact with the inclined stop flank 34 as shown in FIG. 2, the securing ring 32 is pressed into the respective detent groove 29 and blocked to prevent the tensioning piston from entering the piston bore 20 too deeply. The enlarged representation of the adjusting device from FIG. 2 shown in FIG. 3 clearly illustrates the contact of the securing ring 32 in the first notch groove 29 of the adjusting profile 28 after a start-up of the tensioning device 1.
[0044] In the tensioning-side end of the tensioner housing 11, a transport securing device is provided in the opening of the piston bore 20. As shown in FIG. 4, the transport securing device includes a transport securing profile 35 formed on the piston skirt 27 of the tensioning piston 9 and a transport securing groove 36 formed at the tensioning-side end of the piston bore 20, as well as the securing ring 32, which is also used in operation to adjust and limit the working range of the tensioning piston 9. The tensioning-side open end of the piston bore 20 is thereby slightly chamfered or beveled in order to facilitate activation of the transport securing device when the tensioning device 1 is assembled. The transport securing profile 35 on the piston skirt 27 of the tensioning piston 9 is arranged between the guide region 30 and the adjustment profile 28 directly adjacent to the adjustment profile 28, see also FIG. 5. When the transport securing is activated, the securing ring 32 is pressed almost completely into the transport securing profile 35 through the chamfered opening of the piston bore 20, so that when the tensioning piston 9 is pushed in further, the securing ring 32 slides into the transport securing groove 36 and expands slightly there again. In the transport position, the securing ring 32 is simultaneously in engagement with the tensioning-side end of the transport securing groove 36 and the chamfered distal flank of the transport securing profile 35.
[0045] As is evident from the transport position of the tensioning device 1 shown in FIG. 4, the tensioning piston 9 protrudes with the guide region 30 far out of the piston bore 20 when the transport securing device is activated, so that the pressure spring 26 is only slightly preloaded. This reduces both the risk of unintentional unlocking of the transport securing device and the risk of injury in the event of accidental unlocking of the transport securing device. For unlocking the transport securing device and corresponding to a start-up of the tensioning device 1, the tensioning piston 9 is pressed from the transport or locking position shown in FIG. 4 against the pretensioning force of the pressure spring 26 into the piston bore 20. Since the tensioning piston 9 projects relatively far from the piston bore 20 in the locking position, only a relatively small compressive force must be applied to unlock it. When the tensioning piston 9 is pressed into the piston bore 20, the securing ring 32 is first pressed into the transport securing profile 35 by the flattened distal end of the transport securing groove 36 and then carried along by the transport securing profile 35 until the securing ring 32 expands back into the adjustment groove 31, see also FIG. 6. Upon subsequent disengagement of the tensioning piston 9 from the piston bore 20, the securing ring 32 is then pushed by the adjusting flank 33 of the adjusting groove 31 onto the first detent groove 29 of the adjusting profile 28, see FIG. 3. When the tensioning piston 9 is further disengaged from the piston bore 20, the securing ring 32 is pushed farther and farther along the adjustment profile 28 onto the following detent grooves 29 until the pressure head 25 rests against the clamping rail 7 or compensates for elongation of the drive chain 5 due to wear, see FIG. 7. The guide region 30 of the tensioning piston 9 is still visible in the central operating position shown in FIG. 7, so that both the transport securing profile 35 and the adjustment profile 28 in the piston bore 20 are protected against external influences and the tensioning piston 9 is reliably guided in the piston bore 20 of the tensioner housing 11.
[0046] In FIGS. 8 and 9, the structure and function of the end position securing device of the tensioning piston 9 in the piston bore 20 is explained in more detail. In the end position shown in FIG. 8, the tensioning piston 9, which is preloaded in the tensioning direction by the pressure spring 26, protrudes maximally from the piston bore 20, whereby, in addition to the guide region 30, the transport securing profile 35 provided in the center of the tensioning piston 9 and part of the distal adjustment profile 28 on the piston skirt 27 also protrude from the piston bore 20. The jointly used securing ring 32 is thereby positioned in the end position securing groove 37 formed at the distal end of the piston skirt 27. The portion of the securing ring 32 projecting relative to the piston skirt 27 abuts the straight adjustment flank 33 of the adjustment groove 31 in the piston bore 20 and prevents further extension of the tensioning piston 9 relative to its end position in the piston bore 20. At the end of the usual operating life time of a chain drive 2, in the event of excessive elongation of the drive chain 5, the securing ring 32 is pushed into the end position securing groove 37 by the adjustment flank 33 of the last distal detent groove 29 of the adjustment profile 28 in the event of further extension of the tensioning piston 9 from the piston bore 20. During a subsequent operational single movement of the tensioning piston 9, the securing ring 32 located in the end position securing groove 37 may move over the axial length of the adjustment groove 31 to the inclined stop flank 34 in the normal working range of the tensioning piston 9. In accordance with the configuration of the end position securing groove 37 with vertical radially extending flanks shown in FIG. 9, the securing ring 32 remains in the end position securing groove 37 even in the event of contact with the vertical adjustment flank 33 and prevents further engagement of the tensioning piston 9 in the piston bore 20. When the tensioning device 1 is disassembled from the engine block part 8 to replace or repair the chain drive 2, the securing ring 32 positioned in the end position securing groove 37 prevents the tensioning piston 9 from falling out or jumping out of the piston bore 20. In the embodiment of the tensioning device 1 shown in FIG. 8, the securing ring 32 positioned in the end position securing groove 37 also prevents the tensioning piston 9 from returning to an operating position or to the transport position. Accordingly, when the chain drive 2 is repaired or replaced, the tensioning device 1 must also be replaced.
[0047] FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the tensioning device 1 for a chain drive 2 according to the invention in an enlarged sectional view. Compared to the embodiment of the tensioning device 1 shown in FIG. 2, an engagement opening 38 in the form of a bore through the tensioner housing 11 is provided here in the area of the adjustment groove 31. This engagement opening 38 permits, in an end position of the tensioning piston 9, i.e., when the securing ring 32 is in contact with the end position securing groove 37, for example after removal of the tensioning device 1 from the engine block part 8, access to the securing ring 32 from the outside through the tensioner housing 11. If necessary, this allows both disassembly of the tensioning device into its individual parts by levering the securing ring 32 out of the end position locking groove 37 and displacing it in the direction of the distal end of the tensioning piston 9, and a return of the tensioning piston 9 to an operating position or transport securing position. For this purpose, the securing ring 32 may be levered out of the end position securing groove 37 through one or both engagement openings 38 on the opposite sides of the tensioner housing 11 with a simple tool, for example a screwdriver, and held at a distance from the inclined stop flank 34 of the adjustment groove 31, so that when the tensioning piston 9 is pressed into the piston bore 20, the securing ring 32 may be moved over the locking grooves 29 of the adjustment profile 28 to the transport securing profile 35 in the piston skirt 27 of the tensioning piston 9. With the position of the securing ring 32 in the transport securing profile 35, via a corresponding pressure on the securing ring 32, the latter may also be guided as far as the transport securing groove 36 at the tensioning-side end of the piston bore 20, in which the securing ring 32 then holds the tensioning piston 9 in a transport position.
[0048] Another embodiment of a tensioning device 1 with an engagement opening 38 is shown in FIG. 11. In this case, the threaded section 15 on the outer circumference of the tensioner housing 11 extends over both sides of the engagement opening 38, so that the area filled with hydraulic fluid between the adjusting groove 31 and the engagement opening 38 up to the engine block part 8 is sealed off from the surroundings and the interior of the internal combustion engine during operation of the tensioning device. This area filled with hydraulic fluid may therefore be used in operation as a reservoir 40 for hydraulic fluid, or engine oil, from which hydraulic fluid may return to the pressure chamber 23 via the inlet holes 17 and the check valve 22 in the event of a restricted or interrupted hydraulic fluid supply.
[0049] FIG. 12 shows an alternative of a tensioner housing 11 for the embodiment of a tensioning device 1 with engagement opening 38 shown in FIG. 10. In this tensioner housing 11, the supply bore 17 for supplying hydraulic fluid to the pressure chamber 23 has the same diameter as the engagement opening 38 to the adjustment groove 31, which is formed as bores. Furthermore, the supply bores 17 and the bores of the engagement openings 38 are formed at the same radial position of the tensioner housing 11, so that when the tensioner housing 11 is manufactured, the supply bore 17 and the engagement opening 38 may not only be manufactured with the same tool, but also without changing the radial position of the tensioner housing 11 relative to the tool.
[0050] FIG. 13 a schematic view of an embodiment of the single securing ring 32 that is configured both for fastening the tensioning piston 9 in the tensioner housing 11 with the transport securing device, for incrementally adjusting and limiting the working range of the tensioning piston 9 by means of the adjustment device and for loss-proof arrangement of the tensioning piston 9 in the piston bore by means of the end position securing groove. Unlike conventional single-slotted rings, this securing ring 32 has two facing end faces 39 at the ends of the open securing ring 32, which are inclined with respect to a central straight line from the center of the end face 39 to the center of the securing ring 32. These inclined end faces 39 allow the tips of the inclined end faces 39 to slide over each other during assembly and during incremental adjustment of the working range of the tensioning piston 9, and correspondingly provide for a smaller gap between the end faces 39 without impairing the function and action of the securing ring 32.
LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS
[0051] 1 Tensioning device [0052] 2 Chain drive [0053] 3 Drive sprocket [0054] 4 Output sprocket [0055] 5 Drive chain [0056] 6 Guide rail [0057] 7 Tensioning rail [0058] 8 Engine block [0059] 9 Tensioning piston [0060] 10 Pressure area [0061] 11 Tensioner housing [0062] 12 Screw head [0063] 13 Contact flange [0064] 14 Ring seal [0065] 15 Thread profile [0066] 16 Supply section [0067] 17 Supply bore [0068] 18 Pre-chamber [0069] 19 Packing [0070] 20 Piston bore [0071] 21 Valve seat [0072] 22 Check valve [0073] 23 Pressure chamber [0074] 24 Vent hole [0075] 25 Pressure head [0076] 26 Pressure spring [0077] 27 Piston skirt [0078] 28 Adjustment profile [0079] 29 Detent grooves [0080] 30 Guide region [0081] 31 Adjusting groove [0082] 32 Securing ring [0083] 33 Adjusting flank [0084] 34 Stop flank [0085] 35 Transport securing profile [0086] 36 Transport securing groove [0087] 37 End position securing groove [0088] 38 Engagement opening [0089] 39 End faces [0090] 40 Reservoir
