ABCC11 INHIBITOR

Abstract

This invention provides an inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated proteins with 12 transmembrane domains containing, as an active ingredient, a compound for treatment of hyperuricemia or a salt thereof. In an embodiment, the compound is represented by Formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), a cyano group (—CN), a formyl group (—CHO), or a trifluoromethyl group (—CF.sub.3), R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group having C.sub.1-10 linear or branched alkyl group, X represents a carboxyl group (—CO.sub.2H), a carbamoyl group (—CONH.sub.2), or an alkoxycarbonyl group having C.sub.1-5 linear or branched alkoxy group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 linear or branched alkyl group. In an embodiment, the multidrug resistance-associated protein with 12 transmembrane domains is ABCC11. In particular, the inhibitor of the present invention can be used in a pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition for the prevention or treatment of axillary osmidrosis.

Claims

1. An inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated proteins with 12 transmembrane domains comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound for treatment of hyperuricemia or a salt thereof.

2. An ABCC11 inhibitor comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound for treatment of hyperuricemia or a salt thereof.

3. The inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula I: ##STR00002## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), a cyano group (—CN), a formyl group (—CHO), or a trifluoromethyl group (—CF.sub.3), R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group having C.sub.1-10 linear or branched alkyl group, X represents a carboxyl group (—CO.sub.2H), a carbamoyl group (—CONH.sub.2), or an alkoxycarbonyl group having C.sub.1-5 linear or branched alkoxy group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 linear or branched alkyl group.

4. The inhibitor according to claim 3, wherein X represents a carboxyl group and Y represents a methyl group.

5. The inhibitor according to claim 3, wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkoxy group having C.sub.1-4 linear or branched alkyl group.

6. The inhibitor according to claim 3, wherein R.sup.1 represents a cyano group.

7. The inhibitor according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by Formula II: ##STR00003## wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group (—CN), a hydroxyl group (—OH), a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), or an amino group (—NH.sub.2), R.sup.4 represents a hydroxyl group (—OH), an amino group (—NH.sub.2), an alkoxy group having a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, or a monoalkylamino or dialkylamino group substituted with a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, R.sup.5 represents a cyano group (—CN), a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, or a C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl group, Z represents a carbon or nitrogen atom, and W represents a sulfur or oxygen atom.

8. The inhibitor according to claim 7, wherein R.sup.3 represents F, Cl, or Br.

9. The inhibitor according to claim 7, wherein R.sup.4 represents a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group having C.sub.1-4 linear or branched alkyl group.

10. The inhibitor according to claim 7, wherein R.sup.5 represents a cyano or cyclopropyl group.

11. The ABCC11 inhibitor according to claim 7, wherein Z represents a nitrogen atom and W represents a sulfur atom.

12. An inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated proteins with 12 transmembrane domains comprising, as an active ingredient, a compound selected from the group consisting of Febuxostat, Lesinurad, and a salt thereof.

13. The inhibitor according to claim 1, which lowers a level of in vitro transport of small molecule substances mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins with 12 transmembrane domains in plasma membrane vesicles expressing multidrug resistance-associated proteins with 12 transmembrane domains to 80% or lower.

14. A pharmaceutical or cosmetic composition comprising the inhibitor according to claim 1.

15. A method for the prevention or treatment of axillary osmidrosis, comprising administering a composition of claim 14 to a patient in need thereof.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the composition is a topical preparation.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the topical preparation is in the form of an ointment, cream, emulsion, lotion, spray, powder, or gel.

18. The inhibitor according to claim 2, wherein the compound is represented by Formula I: ##STR00004## wherein R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), a cyano group (—CN), a formyl group (—CHO), or a trifluoromethyl group (—CF.sub.3), R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group having C.sub.1-10 linear or branched alkyl group, X represents a carboxyl group (—CO.sub.2H), a carbamoyl group (—CONH.sub.2), or an alkoxycarbonyl group having C.sub.1-5 linear or branched alkoxy group, and Y represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-4 linear or branched alkyl group.

19. The inhibitor according to claim 2, wherein the compound is represented by Formula II: ##STR00005## wherein R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group (—CN), a hydroxyl group (—OH), a nitro group (—NO.sub.2), or an amino group (—NH.sub.2), R.sup.4 represents a hydroxyl group (—OH), an amino group (—NH.sub.2), an alkoxy group having a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, or a monoalkylamino or dialkylamino group substituted with a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, R.sup.5 represents a cyano group (—CN), a C.sub.1-6 linear or branched alkyl group, or a C.sub.3-5 cycloalkyl group, Z represents a carbon or nitrogen atom, and W represents a sulfur or oxygen atom.

19. The inhibitor according to claim 19, wherein X represents a carboxyl group and Y represents a methyl group.

Description

FIGURE LEGENDS

[0021] FIG. 1. Febuxostat inhibited ABCC11 in vitro. (A) Expression of ABCC11 on membrane vesicles. Membrane vesicles were subjected to immunoblot analysis using an ABCC 11 antibody or anti-Na.sup.+/Kt.sup.+-ATPase antibody. Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase, a loading control. (B) Time-dependent increase in the dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) transport by ABCC11. The DHEAS transport into membrane vesicles was measured at the indicated periods with or without ATP; the ATP-dependent DHEAS transport was calculated by subtracting the DHEAS transport activity in the absence of ATP from that in the presence of ATP. Data are expressed as the mean±SD. n=3. Statistical analyses for significant differences between groups in each time point were performed using a two-sided t-test (††, P<0.01). (C) Dose-dependent inhibition of ABCC11-mediated DHEAS transport by febuxostat. The DHEAS transport activities were measured in the presence of febuxostat at the indicated concentrations for 5 min. Data are expressed as the mean±SD. n=4. Statistical analyses for significant differences were performed using Bartlett's test, followed by a Dunnett's test (**, P<0.01 vs 0 μM control).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Supplementary Methods

Materials

[0022] Critical materials and resources used in this study were summarized in Supplementary Table S1. Stock solution of febuxostat (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, japan) was prepared with diethyl sulfoxide. Recombinant adenoviruses for the expression of the human ABCC11 WT (NCBI accession; NM_033151) or EGFP as a control were from our previous study (Toyoda et al., 2017). After the purification by a CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation method, the adenovirus titer was determined by using an. Adeno-X™ Rapid Titer Kit (Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, Calif., USA) according to manufacturer's instruction; the adenoviruses were stored at −80° C. until use. All the other chemicals used were commercially available and of analytical grade.

Cell Culture

[0023] Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293)-derived 293A cells were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Biowest, Nuaillé, France), and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Nacalai Tesque), 2 mM L-Glutamine (Nacalai Tesque), and 1×Non-Essential Amino Acid (Life Technologies, Tokyo, Japan) at 37° C. in a humidified atmosphere of 5% (v/v) CO.sub.2 in air. Adenovirus infection was performed as described previously (Toyoda et al., 2017).

Preparation of ABCC11-Expressing Plasma Membrane Vesicles

[0024] Membrane vesicles were prepared from 293A cells infected with the ABCC11-expressing or EGFP-expressing (control) adenovirus as described previously (Toyoda et al., 2017). Obtained plasma membrane vesicles were rapidly frozen in liquid N.sub.2 and kept at −80° C. until used. Protein concentration of the plasma membrane vesicles was quantified using a BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce, Rockford, Ill., USA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Immunoblotting

[0025] Expression of ABCC11 protein in the plasma membrane vesicles was examined by immunoblotting as described previously (Toyoda et al., 2009; Toyoda et al,, 2017) with minor modifications. In brief, the prepared samples were electrophoretically separated on poly-acrylamide gels and then transferred to Hybond® ECL™ nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK) by electroblotting at 15 V for 70 min. For blocking, the membrane was incubated in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.05% Tween 20 and 5% skim milk (TBST-skim milk), at 4° C. overnight. Blots were probed with the anti-ABCC11 antibody (M8I-74; Abeam, Cambridge, Mass., USA; diluted 200 fold) and a rabbit anti-Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase α antibody (sc-28800; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, Calif., USA; diluted 1,000 fold) followed by incubation with a goat anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated antibody (NA935V; GE Healthcare; diluted 2,000 fold) and a donkey anti-rabbit IgG-HRP-conjugated antibody (NA934V; GE Healthcare; diluted 3,000 fold), respectively. All antibodies were used in TBST-skim milk. HRP dependent luminescence was developed using the ECL™ Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Healthcare) and detected using a multi-imaging Analyzer Fusion Solo 4™ system (Vilber Lourmat, Eberhardzell, Germany).

Vesicle Transport Assay

[0026] Experiments to study the in vitro transport of [1,2,6,7-.sup.3H(N)]-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) (Perkin-Elmer Japan, Tokyo, Japan), an ABCC11 substrate (Chen et al., 2005), into ABCC11-expressing and control vesicles were performed by using a rapid filtration technique (Toyoda et al., 2017; Toyoda et al., 2019) with a minor modification. In brief, the membrane vesicles were incubated with 100 nM of [1,2,6,7-.sup.3H(N)]-DHEAS in the reaction mixture (10 mM Tris/HCl, 250 mM sucrose, 10 mM MgCl.sub.2, 10 mM creatine phosphate, 1 mg/mL creatine phosphokinase, pH 7.4, and 50 mM ATP or AMP as a substitute of ATP) for indicated periods at 37° C. with or without febuxostat at indicated concentrations. Then, the radioactivity derived from the incorporated DHEAS was measured. To reduce background signals derived from nonspecifically adsorbed radiolabeled DHEAS on filter membrane (MU-Millipore Membrane, HAWP02500; 0.45 μm pore size and 25 mm diameter; Millipore, Tokyo, Japan) for the trapping of plasma membrane vesicles, the filter membranes were incubated with 2 μM of cholesterol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Tokyo, Japan) in ice-cold Stop buffer (250 mM Sucrose, 0.1 M NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, and 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4) before use. In this transport experiment, the transport activity in each group was calculated as incorporated clearance [μL/mg protein/min=incorporated level of DHEAS (disintegrations per minute (DPM)/mg protein/min)/DHEAS level in the incubation mixture (DPM/μL)]. ATP-dependent DHEAS transport was calculated by subtracting the DHEAS transport activity in the absence of ATP from that in the presence of ATP.

Calculation of the Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC.SUB.50.) Values

[0027] To address IC.sub.50 values of febuxostat against the DHEAS transport by ABCC11, the DHEAS transport activities were measured in the presence of febuxostat at several concentrations. Then, the ABCC11-mediated transport activities were expressed as a. percentage of control (100%). Based on the calculated values, fitting curves were obtained according to the following formula using the least-squares methods with the Excel 2019 (Microsoft, Redmond, Wash., USA) as described previously (Miyata et al., 2016):

Predicted value [%]=100−(E.sub.max×C.sup.n/EC.sub.50.sup.n+C.sup.n)

where, E.sub.max is the maximum effect, EC.sub.50 is the half maximal effective concentration, C is the concentration of test compound, and n is the sigmoid-fit factor. Finally, based on the results, IC.sub.50 was calculated.

Statistical Analyses

[0028] All statistical analyses were performed by using Excel 2019 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, Wash., USA) with Statcel4 add-in software (OMS publishing Inc., Saitama, Japan). Different statistical tests were used for different experiments as described in the figure legends. Briefly, when analyzing multiple groups, the similarity of variance between groups was compared using Bartlett's test. When passing the test for homogeneity of variance, a Dunnett's test was used. In the case of a single pair of quantitative data, after comparing the variances of a set of data by F-test, unpaired Student's t-test was performed. Statistical significance was defined in terms of P values less than 0.05 or 0.01.

TABLE-US-00001 Supplementary Table S1 Key resources. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Rat monoclonal anti-MRP8 (ABCC11) antibody [M8I-74] Abcam Cat# ab91452; RRID: AB_2049125 Rabbit polyclonal anti-Na.sup.+/K.sup.+-ATPase α antibody Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-28800; RRID: AB_2290063 Goat anti-rat IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugate GE Healthcare Cat# NA935V; RRID: AB_772207 Donkey anti-rabbit IgG-horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugate GE Healthcare Cat# NA934V; RRID: AB_772206 Chemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant Proteins Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sodium salt, [1,2,6,7-.sup.3H(N)]-(1 mCi/mmol) PerkinElmer Cat# NET860 Clear-sol II Nacalai Tesque Cat# 09136-83 Dimethyl Sulfoxide Nacalai Tesque Cat# 13445-74; CAS: 67-68-5 Cholesterol Wako Pure Chemical Industries Cat# 034-03002; CAS: 57-88-5 Febuxostat Tokyo Chemical Industry Cat# F0847; CAS: 144060-53-7 Critical Commercial Assays Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Reagent A Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 23223 Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Reagent B Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# 23224 PureLink™ HiPure Plasmid Filter Midiprep Kit Thermo Fisher Scientific Cat# K210015 Virus strains ABCC11-expressing adenovirus Toyoda et al, 2017 N/A EGFP-expressing adenovirus Toyoda et al, 2017 N/A Recombinant DNA The complete human ABCC11 cDNA Toyoda et al, 2009 NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_033151 Experimental Models: Cell Lines 293A Invitrogen R70507 Software and Algorithms Excel 2019 Microsoft https://www.microsoft.com/ja-jp/ Statcel4 add-in software OMS publishing http ://www.oms-publ.co.jp/

Supplementary References

[0029] Chen, Z. S., Guo, Y., Belinsky, M. G., Kotova, E., and Kruh, G. D. (2005). Transport of bile acids, sulfated steroids, estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide, and leukotriene C4 by human multidrug resistance protein 8 (ABCC11). Mol Pharmacol 67(2), 545-557. doi: 10.1124/mol104.007138.

[0030] Miyata, H., Takada, T., Toyoda, Y, Matsuo, H., Ichida, K., and Suzuki, H. (2016). Identification of Febuxostat as a New Strong ABCG2 Inhibitor: Potential Applications and Risks in Clinical Situations. Front Pharmacol 7, 518. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00518.

[0031] Toyoda, Y., Sakurai, A., Mitani, Y., Nakashima, M., Yoshiura, K., Nakagawa, H., et al. (2009). Earwax, osmidrosis, and breast cancer: why does one SNP (538G>A) in the human ABC transporter ABCC11 gene determine earwax type? FASEB J 23(6), 2001-2013. doi: 10.1096/fj.09-129098.

[0032] Toyoda, Y., Takada, T., Gomi, T., Nakagawa, H., Ishikawa, T., and Suzuki, H. (2017). Clinical and Molecular Evidence of ABCC11 Protein Expression in Axillary Apocrine Glands of Patients with Axillary Osmidrosis. Int J Mol Sci 18(2), 417. doi.: 10.3390/ijms18020417.

[0033] Toyoda, Y., Takada, T., and Suzuki, H. (2019). Inhibitors of Human ABCG2: From Technical Background to Recent Updates With Clinical implications. Front Pharmacol 10, 208. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00208.