STRUCTURAL MEMBER FOR A MODULAR BUILDING

Abstract

A structural member for a building, the structural member comprising: at least two spaced apart sidewalls, each sidewall formed from at least one contoured metal sheet; and at least one connecting vertex through which the sidewalls are connected, each connecting vertex include at least one structural bend formed in at least one of the contoured metal sheets, the sidewalls being connected through the connecting vertex to form a structural span therebetween, wherein each structural bend is formed between a first sheet section and a second sheet section of the respective contoured metal sheet, the first sheet section and second sheet section being connected about a bend line with the first sheet section extending from the bend line at a selected angle relative to the second sheet section, and wherein the first sheet section has a contoured profile that is a symmetrical mirror of the contoured profile to the second sheet section about the bend line.

Claims

1. A structural member for a building, the structural member comprising: at least two spaced apart sidewalls, each sidewall formed from at least one contoured metal sheet; and at least one connecting vertex through which the sidewalls are connected, each connecting vertex include at least one structural bend formed in at least one of the contoured metal sheets, the sidewalls being connected through the connecting vertex to form a structural span therebetween, wherein each structural bend is formed between a first sheet section and a second sheet section of the respective contoured metal sheet, the first sheet section and second sheet section being connected about a bend line with the first sheet section extending from the bend line at a selected angle relative to the second sheet section, and wherein the first sheet section has a contoured profile that is a symmetrical mirror of the contoured profile to the second sheet section about the bend line.

2. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein at least one vertex includes at least two structural bends.

3. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the at least one vertex is formed between a first sheet section, an intermediary sheet section and a second sheet section of at least one contoured metal sheet, the first sheet section and intermediary sheet section being connected about a first bend line with the first sheet section extending from the bend line at a first angle relative to the intermediary sheet section, the intermediary sheet section being connected about a second bend line with the second sheet section with the intermediary sheet section extending from the bend line at a second angle relative to the second sheet section, and wherein the first sheet section is positioned relative to the second sheet section at a selected angle comprising the sum of the first angle and the second angle, and wherein the first sheet section has a contoured profile that is a symmetrical mirror of the contoured profile to the intermediary sheet section about the first bend line, the second sheet section has a contoured profile that is a symmetrical mirror of the contoured profile to the intermediary sheet section about the second bend line, and the contoured profile of the first sheet section is the same as the contoured profile of the second sheet section.

4. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the selected angle between the first sheet section and the second sheet section of each structural bend is between 5 and 175°, preferably between 10 and 150°, and more preferably between 60 and 120°.

5. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the sidewalls are connected about at least two vertices.

6. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the sidewalls incorporate a roof structure formed between at least two, preferably at least three vertices.

7. A structural member according to claim 6, wherein the roof structure comprises at least one of: a flat roof structure; or a peaked roof structure; or a peaked roof structure having a vertex that includes at least one structural bend at the peak defining an angle between a first sheet section and a second sheet section of between 80 to 140°, preferably from about 90° to about 120°.

8. (canceled)

9. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the sidewalls incorporate a roof structure formed between three of said vertices including at least one structural bend and the selected angle of the three structural bends respectfully comprising 135°, 90° and 135°.

10. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein each sidewall includes at least one vertically standing section relative to a surface across which the structural member spans.

11. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the bend line is orientated 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the respective contoured metal sheet.

12. A structural member claim 1, wherein each structural bend has a bend radius at the respective bend line of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm.

13. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the structural member is comprised of: two or more connected contoured metal sheets; or two or more parallel spaced apart contoured sheets, arranged to form a composite structure.

14. (canceled)

15. A structural member according to claim 13, wherein the composite structure comprises two or more parallel spaced apart contoured sheets sandwiching a spacer structure, and the spacer structure preferably comprises at least one of: insulative material, shaped metal sheet element, or wood reinforcement element.

16. (canceled)

17. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein each contoured metal sheet is connected to an adjoining contoured metal sheet using a plurality of fasteners, preferably roofing fasteners.

18. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein the contoured profile of each metal sheet comprises a repeating cross-sectional shape that comprises repeating peaks and troughs, wherein the repeating peaks and troughs preferably form a curved wave form.

19. (canceled)

20. A structural member according to claim 1, wherein each contoured metal sheet comprises a corrugated metal sheet.

21. (canceled)

22. (canceled)

23. A structural member according to claim 1, further including a reinforcement structure attached to the contoured metal sheets comprising at least one elongate member that extends between the sidewalls, preferably at least one elongate bracing member.

24. (canceled)

25. A structural member according to claim 23, wherein the reinforcement structure comprises a framework attached to the contoured metal sheets.

26. A module element for constructing a modular building, the modular element including at least one structural member according to claim 1, which preferably further including at least one of: reinforcement structure; wall cladding, ceiling cladding, flooring panels, and flooring structure.

27. (canceled)

28. A building comprising at least two connected structural members according to claim 1, or at least two connected module elements according to claim 26.

29. (canceled)

30. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention will now be described with reference to the FIG.s of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate particular preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 1 provides a perspective view of a structural member according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate a first form of a vertex of the structural member shown in FIG. 1, showing (2A) a 90 degree angle form; and (2B) a 135 degree angle form.

[0041] FIG. 3 illustrates a second form of a vertex of the structural member shown in FIG. 1.

[0042] FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a single module using the structural member shown in FIG. 1, in both (A) an exploded view; and (B) assembled view.

[0043] FIGS. 5A to 5I illustrates a single module using the structural member shown in FIG. 1, illustrating a number of reinforcement and bracing elements that can be used in conjunction with the structural member, showing (5A) cross-section of the overall structure; (5B) a portion of a stringer illustrating the positioning of weld nuts thereon; (5C) a portion of a stringer showing the position of a brace; (5D) panel module formed of two sheets and a stringer; (5E) cross-sectional view showing a stringer and brace; (5F) roof joint; (5G) footing section; (5H) wall attachment to the footing section shown in 5H; and (5I) a section of a roof and wall joint.

[0044] FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of a series of modules incorporating the structural member shown in FIG. 1 used in constructing a modular building.

[0045] FIG. 7 shows a plan view of a series of modules for constructing a modular building, as illustrated in FIG. 5A to 5I.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention utilises the material strength of a contoured metal sheet to create a structural element that transfers load through the contoured metal sheet (outer skin) of the structure. The structural member is able to create a span between two sidewalls by using a structural corner transition comprising a structural bend situated at each vertex connecting the spaced apart sidewalls of the structure. Load is transferred through the outer skin of the structure enabling it to be utilised as an important structural element. The structural loading of contoured metal sheets allows buildings to be designed with less bracing and framing, reducing the weight and cost of the structure.

Structural Member

[0047] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a single structural member 100 of the present invention that can be used in constructing a modular building (for example as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6). The structural member 100 comprises two spaced apart sidewalls 110, each formed from a planar piece of contoured metal sheet. The sidewalls 110 are connected through a roof structure 112 to form a structural span 140 therebetween. As shown, each sidewall 110 comprises a vertically standing section relative to a surface across which the module spans. It is to be understood that vertically standing is defined as substantially perpendicular to a mounting surface or ground bearing surface. The mounting surface can include the ground and/or foundations.

[0048] The roof structure 112 of the structural member 100 can have any suitable configuration, for example a flat roof structure; or a peaked roof structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the roof structure 112 comprises a peaked roof formed from two roof sheets 115A and 115B which extend from the sidewalls 110 (110A and 1108 respectfully) at side vertices 120 at an angle of 120° and meet at a peak vertex 125 to define an angle of 120° between the two sheets. In other embodiments, the roof structure formed between three of said structural bends having selected angles of the three structural bends of 135°, 90° (peak roof apex angle) and 135°.

[0049] The key to the structural loading capacity of this type of structural member is the configuration of these vertices 120 and 125. Each of the vertices comprises a structural bend (121 or 126) comprising a sharp angled bend that can be formed using a bending process as taught in International Patent Publication No. WO2018/058183. As previously discussed, the general process produces a bend in a contoured metal sheet when a first sheet section of the metal sheet is bent about a bend line relative to a second sheet section of the metal sheet where the contoured profile of the first sheet section comprising a symmetrical mirror of the contoured profile of the second sheet section about the bend line.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the structural bend 121, 126 is formed at the end of a contoured metal sheet, and that sheet is attached to an adjoining sheet to form the desired peak roofed structure. In this respect, the required angle is formed at the ends of sheets 110A, 115B and 110B, and then the respective bent sheet of contoured metal sheet is attached to the respective adjoining piece of contoured metal sheet using mechanical fasteners (rivets, screws, bolts etc.) or an adhesive to create a length of contoured sheet having two planar sheets joined at bend line, and positioned at a selected angle to each other. As shown in FIG. 1, this has been used to create a join between the sidewalls 100 and roof structure 112 and at the peak vertex 125 of the roof structure 112.

[0051] The structural bend 121, 126 used at the vertices of the structural member 100 create a stiff brace/bracket structure on one or both ends of a continuous corrugated sheet. It enables the contoured metal sheet skin of a structure to be used as a continuous structural element in the structural member and a building into which the structural member is incorporated.

Contoured Metal Sheets

[0052] Contoured metal sheets are well known in the art and are available (and can be formed) with a large variety of repeating cross-sectional shapes, such as curved, rectangular, triangular, square or the like. FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3 shows one form of contoured metal sheet that can be utilized in the present invention having a curved repeating cross-sectional shape comprises repeating peaks and troughs. The longitudinal axis direction is shown by lines L1, L2 and L3. The metal sheet 100 can be formed from any suitable metal such as iron, steel, aluminium or copper metal sheet and may be coated (painted or zinc coated) in some forms. It should also be appreciated that the metal sheet encompasses a wide variety of metal, metal alloys, and metal composites, including composite sheets fabricated from various layers of metals and non-metals. Whilst it should be appreciated that different metals have different plastic deformation properties, which affect the bending and reforming properties of the metal sheet, the metal sheet used in the present invention typically has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably from 0.2 to 2 mm, and more preferably from 0.4 to 1.5 mm.

[0053] Two configurations of vertex can be used in the structural member 100 shown in FIG. 1.

[0054] FIGS. 2A and 2B shows a first configuration of vertex 220 formed using a single structural bend between the two angled metal sheets (for example roof sheet 115 and sidewall sheet 110). The vertex 220 comprises a first sheet section 210 of a contoured metal sheet and a second sheet section 212 of a contoured metal sheet. Each of the first sheet section 210 and second sheet section 212 have a longitudinal axis L1, L2 extending along the length of the respective sheet section 210, 212 and a curved contoured profile that extends perpendicular to the respective longitudinal axis L1, L2. The first sheet section 210 and the second sheet section 212 are connected about transverse bend line F which is angled 90 degrees to the respective longitudinal axes L1 and L2. It should be noted that bend line F follows the junction between the first sheet section 210 and second sheet section 212 and therefore follows the curved contours between those sheets. The first sheet section 210 extends at a 90 degree angle (angle α in FIG. 2A) relative to the second sheet section from the bend line F to form a right angle corner bend. However, the uniqueness of this bend is that the repetitive contour of the first sheet section 210 has a symmetrical mirror contoured profile to the second sheet section 212 about the bend line F. As noted above, this allows the contours to run continuously on both sheet sections of the bent sheet and merge about the bend line F in a transitional contour thereby making a neat join at the intersection of the two sheet sections 210 and 212.

[0055] As shown in FIG. 2A, the first sheet section 210 is orientated at a sharp angle bend relative to the second sheet section 212 about that bend line. That sharp angle bend at the bend line typically has a bend radius of less than 5 mm, preferably around 2 mm. That bend produces a flat, in this case 45 degree fold surface 313 between the first sheet section 210 and second sheet section 212. The angle of that fold surface 313 corresponds to the angle of the fold plane.

[0056] Furthermore, the first sheet section 210 can be angled about the bend line F at a variety of angles relative to the second sheet section 212. For example, FIG. 2B illustrates a vertex 220A similar to the embodiment 220 described above in relation to FIG. 2A except where the first sheet section 210A is angled at angle α=120 degrees about the bend line F relative to the second sheet section 212A.

[0057] FIG. 3 shows a second configuration of vertex 320 formed using a two consecutive structural bends between the two angled metal sheets (for example roof sheet 115 and sidewall sheet 110) to form an in-phase right angled corner bend, i.e. where the contours of the sheets that extend away from the bend at 90 degrees have the same contoured pattern.

[0058] The illustrated vertex 320 comprises a first sheet section 310 of contoured metal sheet, an intermediary sheet section 312 and a second sheet section 314 of contoured metal sheet. Each of the first sheet section 310, intermediary sheet section 312 and second sheet section 314 have a longitudinal axis L1, L2, L3 (FIG. 3) extending along the length of the respective sheet section 310, 312, 314 and a curved contoured profile that extends perpendicular to the respective longitudinal axis L1, L2, L3. The first sheet section 310 and the intermediary sheet section 312 are connected about transverse bend line F1 which is angled 45 degrees to the respective longitudinal axes L1 and L2. It should be noted that bend line follows the junction between the first sheet section 310 and intermediary sheet section 312 and follows the contours between those sheets, and is therefore a curved line where it follows those contours at this junction. The first sheet section 310 extends at a 45 degree angle (angle g in FIG. 3) relative to the intermediary sheet section 312 from the bend line F1. Similarly, second sheet section 314 and the intermediary sheet section 312 are connected about transverse bend line F2 which is angled 45 degrees to the respective longitudinal axes L3 and L2. The second sheet section 314 extends at a 45 degree angle (angle h in FIG. 3) relative to the intermediary sheet section 312 from the bend line F2. Like the previous embodiment, the uniqueness of each bend is that the repetitive contour of the first sheet section 310 or second sheet section 314 has a symmetrical mirror contoured profile to the intermediary sheet section 312 about the bend line F1 or F2. As shown, the intermediary sheet section comprises a short segment of sheet, providing a transitory segment between the two 45 degree bends relative to the first sheet section 310 or second sheet section 314. This vertex 320 therefore forms a 90 degree angle through the sum of the two 45 degree bends. Unlike the first vertex configuration, the contours of the first sheet section 310 or second sheet section 314 are in phase, having the same repetitive contour.

[0059] Whilst not illustrated, a variation of the second vertex configuration is where the in-phase corner vertex 320 is formed from two overlapping 45 degree bent contoured metal sheet elements 301. Here, two 45 degree bends are formed at the end of two separate contoured metal sheets, and the shorter end sections (intermediary sheet sections 312) of each of metal sheet element are overlapped to from a 90 degree corner element having a similar configuration as the vertex 320 shown in FIG. 3.

Reinforcement Structure

[0060] FIG. 4 illustrates a module 400 that can be used to construct a prefabricated building (not illustrated) that uses a structural member 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.

[0061] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the structural member 100 is created using four contoured metal sheets 110A, 1108, 115A and 1158 which are attached at adjoining ends to form the overall spanning structure. In the illustrated embodiments, each of the sidewall sheets 110A and 115A include a 135° structural bend 121 at the non-ground engaging end, and one of the roof sheets 1158 includes a 90° structural bend 126 at the peak forming end thereof. The remaining roofing sheet 115A comprises a planar contoured metal sheet. The structure is preferably created by assembling these sheets to an adjoining sheet on the ground to form the desired peak roofed structure. This provides the advantage that the connections can be made without needing a ladder or some other device to work at a given height off the ground. The respective bent sheet of contoured metal sheet is attached to the respective adjoining piece of contoured metal sheet using mechanical fasteners (rivets, screws, bolts etc.) or an adhesive to create a length of contoured sheet having two planar sheets joined at bend line and positioned at a selected angle to each other.

[0062] The module 400 is completed by attaching the structural member to a flooring structure 410, adding a reinforcing framework 420 and internal wall and ceiling cladding/panels 430.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 4, the floor structure 410 may comprise a flooring panel 412 which spans between two spaced apart floor beams 414. However, other floor structures are possible, as are well known in the building and construction art. For example as shown in FIGS. 5(A) and 5(G), which comprises a floor footing beam 438 which is attached to a ground engaging concrete footing 450.

[0064] Minimal internal framing is typically required to ensure the structural integrity of the completed structure. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5A, the module 400 includes a series of stringers 422 which extend laterally along the sidewall panels 110 and are used to mount wall cladding panels 432 thereon. Roof beams and roof braces 423 and 425 can also be used to provide additional cross-bracing to the roof structure and provide a mounting surface for internal ceiling panels 434.

[0065] FIGS. 5A to 5I provide further detail of the framing and reinforcement configurations that can be used within the structural member 100 of the present invention. As shown in the various FIG.s, the reinforcement structure largely comprises elongate metal members which are mechanically fastened to the sidewall 110 or roof sheets 115. The illustrated framing (stringers 422, and roof beams and roof braces 423 and 425 with wall and ceiling panels) is attached to the contoured metal sheets 110, 115 using mechanical fasteners. The roofing reinforcement comprises a framework consisting of sidewall stringers 422 connected to sidewall panels 110 using mechanical fasteners, and similarly roof stringers 427 connected to the roof panels 115 using mechanical fasteners. Cross-braces 424 and 425 are then attached from the sidewall stringers 422 to the roof stringers 427 and between the roof stringers 427 to provide a modicum of cross-bracing between the sidewalls and roof structure.

[0066] Once a modular segment 400 has been pre-assembled (for example on the ground) it can be lifted up and positioned alongside another modular segment. As shown in FIG. 5D, each modular segment 400 will overlap by approximately 1.5 corrugations and the framing sections will also overlap. To complete the overall structure only the framing sections and the wall to floor connections need to be made. This eliminates the need to work at elevated heights and opens up many new applications for corrugated sheeting that combine the aesthetic and structural benefits of corrugated sheeting.

[0067] Each wall section is fixed to the ground by attaching the bottom (ground facing or engaging) edge of each sidewall panel 110 to a floor structure 410 (FIG. 4) or other flooring structural section, for example footing beam 438 (FIGS. 5A and 5G) using mechanical fasteners, welding or adhesive bonding. Any flooring structural section, such as footing beam 438 can be fixed to the concrete slab or footing 450 using mechanical fasteners, for example as shown in FIG. 5A.

[0068] A modular building structure 500 can therefore be constructed using two or more of the structural members 100, and a corresponding reinforcing and cladding structure. An example is illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, which shows a plurality of structural members 100 which can be used to link a module 510 which also includes structural members 100 and reinforcing and cladding elements (as previously described). Further elements 520 and 530 are also included in the assembly which provide window and door elements, and end capping seals to enable the building to be assembled from the modular elements.

[0069] The modules and associated elements of the building structure 500 can be assembled in an orientation that is convenient for the assembly process and then assembled in the final location or at some intermediate stage to form a complete building. Again, the overall structure of this modular building 500 is designed to allow load to be transferred through the outer skin of the structure enabling it to be utilised as an important structural element.

[0070] It should be appreciated that in some embodiments the structural members 600 could be formed from composite sheet materials comprising two parallel spaced apart sheets interconnected by a spacer material. For example, in FIG. 8 the structural members 600 can be formed from a composite sheet 605 comprising two spaced apart contoured sheets 610 and 612, having a triangular spacer 615 adhered or otherwise fixed between the sheets to form a laminated or composite sheet. This composite sheet 605 includes vertices 620 similar to the previously described vertices which form structural bends used to form the corner structures in the structural members as previously described.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is understood that the invention includes all such variations and modifications which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0072] Where the terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprised” or “comprising” are used in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof.