Method for constructing elevator
11447370 · 2022-09-20
Assignee
Inventors
- Otto Lanz (Helsinki, FI)
- Matti Rasanen (Helsinki, FI)
- Anssi Venho (Helsinki, FI)
- Markku Haapaniemi (Helsinki, FI)
- Janne Mikkonen (Helsinki, FI)
- Janne Laine (Helsinki, FI)
- Tarvo Viita-aho (Helsinki, FI)
- Markku Haivala (Helsinki, FI)
- Jukka LAITINEN (Helsinki, FI)
- Hans Valtonen (Helsinki, FI)
- Aki Haikonen (Helsinki, FI)
- Jorma Mustalahti (Helsinki, FI)
- Jori Hagg (Helsinki, FI)
- Jari Osterman (Helsinki, FI)
- Petri Kere (Helsinki, FI)
Cpc classification
B66B19/002
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B66B19/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B66B19/007
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B66B19/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
B66B9/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for constructing an elevator comprising constructing a movable machine room in the bottom end of a hoistway formed in a building under construction; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room; and constructing an elevator car in the bottom end of the hoistway below the movable machine room; and providing a counterweight in the bottom end of the hoistway below the movable machine room; connecting the elevator car and the counterweight with a suspension roping; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room to a first transport position; and thereafter mounting the movable machine room to the first transport position in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures; and thereafter using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room while the machine room is mounted in said first transport position and the elevator car and the counterweight hang suspended from the machine room by the hoisting roping; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room upwards to a second transport position; wherein the second transport position is higher than said first transport position; and thereafter mounting the movable machine room to the second transport position in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures; and thereafter using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room while the movable machine room is mounted in said second position.
Claims
1. A method for constructing an elevator comprising constructing a movable machine room in a bottom end of a hoistway formed in a building under construction, wherein the constructing includes placing a first submodule including a support platform into the bottom end of the hoistway, assembling a second submodule including a vertically extendable support structure to the support platform and assembling a third submodule including a working platform to the vertically extendable support structure; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room; and constructing an elevator car in the bottom end of the hoistway below the movable machine room; and providing a counterweight in the bottom end of the hoistway below the movable machine room; connecting the elevator car and the counterweight with a suspension roping; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room to a first transport position; and thereafter mounting the movable machine room to the first transport position in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures; and thereafter using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room while the movable machine room is mounted in said first transport position; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room upwards to a second transport position; wherein the second transport position is higher than said first transport position; and thereafter mounting the movable machine room to the second transport position in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures; and thereafter using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room while the movable machine room is mounted in said second position.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein in said constructing a movable machine room, the movable machine room is constructed in the bottom end of a hoistway to rest supported by the floor of the hoistway.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein in said constructing an elevator car the elevator car is constructed above a buffer; and/or the elevator car is constructed to lean laterally on one or more guide rail lines; and/or structural parts of the elevator car are installed on a car frame while it is suspended from the machine room by an auxiliary hoist.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises after using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods, disassembling the movable machine room, the disassembling preferably comprising disconnecting one or more of the sub-modules of the machine room, and constructing a movable machine room in a bottom end of another hoistway.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the support platform includes one or more releasable mounting mechanisms for releasably mounting the moveable machine room in the hoistway, and a hoisting machine mounted on the support platform.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises, while the movable machine room is in a transport position in the hoistway, using the working platform for installing elevator components from the working platform in the parts of the hoistway above the support platform, said using comprising moving the working platform up and down with the vertically extendable support structure.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein said using comprises one or more times actuating the vertically extendable support structure to expand in vertical direction for hoisting the working platform higher above the support platform; and one or more times actuating the vertically extendable support structure to contract in vertical direction for lowering the working platform back towards the support platform.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein said vertically extendable support structure comprises an upright mast selectively actuatable to expand or contract in a vertical direction.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein said vertically extendable support structure comprises a scissor jack mechanism selectively actuatable to expand or contract in vertical direction.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein said support platform comprising one or more releasable mounting mechanisms installed thereon for releasably mounting the moveable machine room in the hoistway.
11. A method according to claim 10, further comprising a guide for guiding vertical movement of the movable machine room along a vertical guide rail line of the elevator car.
12. A method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises mounting vertical guide rail lines in the hoistway for guiding movement of the elevator car and/or the movable machine room.
13. A method according to claim 1, wherein in said hoisting of the movable machine room, the movable machine room is hoisted with a hoisting arrangement taking support from a support structure mounted in the hoistway above the movable machine room.
14. A method according to claim 1, wherein each said using elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods comprises receiving call signals from one or more user interfaces, and moving the elevator car in response to said call signals automatically controlled by an elevator control system.
15. A method according to claim 1, wherein each said mounting of the movable machine room is performed with at least one releasable mounting mechanism.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of example and with reference to the attached drawings, in which
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(9) The foregoing aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the drawings and the detailed description related thereto.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
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(11) After mounting of the lowermost guide rail section immovably into the hoistway 2, the method comprises constructing a movable machine room 1 in the bottom end of a hoistway 2, as illustrated in
(12) After said constructing of the movable machine room 1, the method comprises placing a guide rail section 11 on top of an earlier fixed guide rail section 11 and fixing it with brackets 12 immovably into the hoistway 2, as illustrated in
(13) After constructing of the movable machine room 1, the method comprises hoisting the movable machine room 1 into an elevated position as illustrated in
(14) After said hoisting, the method comprises mounting the movable machine room to a hoisted position in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures. However, this is not necessary since the movable machine room 1 can alternatively be supported temporarily by the hoisting arrangement 20, 21. There are alternatives for the aforementioned stationary structures. Preferably, the aforementioned stationary structures include one or more of: a hoistway wall 2a, a floor sill, a bracket by which a guide rail section of a rail line 10 has been fixed to the hoistway 2 or (some other) bracket fixed on a rail line 10 e.g. for the purpose of supporting said movable machine room, or a guide rail section 11 of a guide rail line 10.
(15) After said hoisting the movable machine room 1, as well as after said mounting if this mounting is included in the method, the method comprises constructing an elevator car 4 in the bottom end of the hoistway 2 below the movable machine room 1, as well as providing a counterweight 5 in the bottom end of the hoistway below the movable machine room, as illustrated in
(16) After said constructing an elevator car 4 and providing a counterweight 5 in the bottom end of the hoistway 2 below the movable machine room 1, the method comprises connecting the elevator car 4 and the counterweight 5 with a suspension roping 6 hanging from the movable machine room 1 and passing around at least one rope wheel 15 of the movable machine room 1, in particular a rope wheel of the hoisting machine 14 which is a drive wheel rotatable with a motor also comprised in the hoisting machine 14; and thereafter hoisting the movable machine room 1 to a first transport position I as illustrated in
(17) After hoisting the movable machine room 1 to a first transport position I, the method comprises mounting the movable machine room 1 to said first transport position I in the hoistway vertically supported on stationary structures. Said mounting is performed using one or more releasable mounting mechanisms 402 comprised in the movable machine room 1. There are alternatives for the aforementioned stationary structures. Preferably, the aforementioned stationary structures include one or more of the following: a hoistway wall 2a, floor sill, a bracket by which a guide rail section 11 of a rail line 10 has been fixed to the hoistway 2 or (some other) bracket fixed on a rail line 10 e.g. for the purpose of supporting said movable machine room, or a guide rail section 11 of a guide rail line 10. The preferred alternatives of the mounting mechanism 402 are later explained in further preferred details referring to
(18) After said mounting, the method comprises using (also referred to as first using) the elevator car 4 for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room 1 while the machine room 1 is mounted in said first transport position I and the elevator car 4 and the counterweight 5 hang suspended from the machine room 1 by the hoisting roping 6, as illustrated in
(19) Also after said mounting, preferably at least partially during said first using, the method comprises placing a guide rail section 11 on top of an earlier fixed guide rail section 11 of a guide rail line 10 and fixing it with brackets 12 immovably into the hoistway 2, as illustrated in
(20) After said using first using, the method comprises hoisting the movable machine room 1 upwards to a second transport position II; wherein the second transport position II is higher than said first transport position I; and thereafter mounting the movable machine room 1 to the second transport position II in the hoistway 2 vertically supported on stationary structures. Said mounting is performed using one or more releasable mounting mechanisms 402 comprised in the movable machine room 1. There are alternatives for the aforementioned stationary structures. Preferably, the aforementioned stationary structures include one or more of the following: a hoistway wall 2a, floor sill, a bracket by which a guide rail section 11 of a rail line 10 has been fixed to the hoistway 2 or (some other) bracket fixed on a rail line 10 e.g. for the purpose of supporting said movable machine room, or a guide rail section 11 of a guide rail line 10.
(21) In said hoisting of the movable machine room 1 upwards to a second transport position II, the movable machine room is preferably hoisted with a hoisting arrangement 20, 21 taking support from a support structure 22 mounted in the hoistway 2 above the movable machine room 1.
(22) After said mounting the movable machine room 1 to the second transport position II, the method comprises using (also referred to as second using) the elevator car 4 for transporting passengers and/or goods below the movable machine room 1 while the movable machine room 1 is mounted in said second position II and while the elevator car 4 and the counterweight 5 hang suspended from the movable machine room 1 by the hoisting roping 6, as illustrated in
(23) Said second using the elevator car 4 for transporting passengers and/or goods preferably comprises receiving call signals from one or more user interfaces 90, in particular one or more user interfaces 90 located at floors and/or in the elevator car and/or mobile user interfaces, and moving the elevator car 4 in response to said call signals automatically controlled by an elevator control system 100.
(24) Also after said mounting the movable machine room 1 to the second transport position II, preferably at least partially during said second using, the method comprises placing a guide rail section 11 on top of an earlier fixed guide rail section 11 of a guide rail line 10 and fixing it with brackets 12 immovably into the hoistway 2, as illustrated in
(25) Preferred, although not necessary, details of the movable machine room 1 as well as preferred, although not necessary, details of the constructing are described further hereinafter.
(26) Preferably, said movable machine room 1 comprises a support platform 411 of a hoisting machine, the support platform comprising one or more releasable mounting mechanisms 402 installed thereon for releasably mounting the moveable machine room 1 in the hoistway 2, and a hoisting machine 14 mounted on the support platform 411; and a working platform 420 on top of the support platform 411, preferably also forming a roof of the moveable machine room 1. For enabling safe work, the working platform 420 preferably comprises handrails 421. The working platform 420 also comprises at least one support structure 430;430′;430″ supported by which the working platform 420 rests on the support platform 411. Preferably, the working platform 420 comprises at least two of said support structures 430;430′;430″. Preferred parts of the movable machine room 1 appear in
(27) Preferably, in said constructing a movable machine room 1, the movable machine room 1 is constructed to rest supported by the floor of the hoistway 2.
(28) Preferably, said constructing is performed from prefabricated sub-modules. In this case, said constructing a movable machine room comprises transporting into the bottom end of the hoistway 2 plurality of prefabricated sub modules 41-43 as illustrated in
(29) Preferred details of the prefabricated sub modules 41-43 are described hereinafter referring to
(30) Preferably, said plurality of prefabricated sub modules comprises a first prefabricated sub module 41 comprising a support platform 411 of a hoisting machine, the support platform comprising one or more releasable mounting mechanisms 402 installed thereon for mounting the moveable machine room 1 in the hoistway 2, possibly also a premounted hoisting machine.
(31) Preferably, said plurality of prefabricated sub modules comprises a second prefabricated sub module 42 comprising a working platform 420 forming a roof of the moveable machine room 1 and comprising handrails 421.
(32) Preferably, said plurality of prefabricated sub modules comprises at least one, but preferably two, third prefabricated sub modules 43 suitable for being mounted between the first and second module 41,42 for coupling these to each other. Preferably, said at least one third prefabricated sub module 43 comprises a support structure 430″ supported by which the working platform 420 of the second prefabricated sub module 42 can rest on the support platform 411 of the first prefabricated sub module 41. Preferred alternative for the support structure 430″ are illustrated later referring to
(33) Preferably, the movable machine room 1, in particular the first prefabricated sub module 41 and/or the second prefabricated sub module 42, comprises a guide 401 for guiding vertical movement of the movable machine room 1 along a vertical guide rail line 10 of the elevator car 4.
(34) When the movable machine room 1 comprises plurality of prefabricated sub modules connected to each other, the method comprises after at least once using the elevator car for transporting passengers and/or goods, disassembling the movable machine room, the disassembling preferably comprising disconnecting one or more of the sub-modules of the machine room, and constructing a movable machine room in a bottom end of another hoistway, such as a hoistway formed in a different building under construction, using parts from the disassembled machine room, preferably said one or more sub-module from the disassembled machine room. In this case, said constructing a movable machine room 1 in a bottom end of another hoistway comprises transporting into the bottom end plurality of prefabricated sub modules from the disassembled machine room, similarly as illustrated in
(35) Said support structure 430″ is preferably selectively actuatable to expand in vertical direction for hoisting the working platform 420 higher above the support platform 411 taking reaction force from the support platform 411, or to contract in vertical direction for lowering the working platform 420 back towards the support platform 411. Said selectively actuatable means that the support structure 430 can be actuated both to expand and to contract and it can be selected which of said expanding or contracting is to be caused by the actuation.
(36) Preferred details of the method wherein the support structure 430;430′;430″;430″′ actuatable as above defined are described hereinafter.
(37) As illustrated in
(38) More specifically, said using comprises one or more times actuating the support structure 430 to expand in vertical direction for hoisting the working platform 420 higher above the support platform 411; and one or more times actuating the support structure 430 to contract in vertical direction for lowering the working platform 420 back towards the support platform 411. Hereby, back and forth movement is achieved and working can be performed above the support platform 411 at different heights. It is also enabled that working can be performed relatively high above the support platform 411 and thereafter the working platform 420 lowered back towards the support platform 411 so that the movable machine room 1 becomes compact and relatively easy and rigid to hoist vertically to a higher position in the hoistway 2.
(39) Said support structure 430 is in said actuation to expand preferably actuatable to expand from a contracted state at least 2 meters in vertical direction for hoisting the working platform 420 at least 2 meters. Hereby, the above mentioned advantages are substantially realized. The distance being substantially long, preferably at least 2 meters, preferably longer, for instance is enough in many sites to allow moving of the working platform 420 vertically to be positioned from being near to one landing to near another landing, which allows easy installation of landing door components and/or access to/from the working platform. Likewise, the distance being substantially long, preferably at least 2 meters, preferably longer, for instance is enough in many sites to allow moving of the working platform 420 vertically to be positioned from being near to one bracket position to near another bracket position, which allows easy installation and/or use of the bracket e.g. during installation of a guide rail section or the bracket itself.
(40) During each hoisting of the movable machine room 1 upwards to a transport position (I or II) as illustrated in
(41) Generally, for enabling releasable, and thereby a temporary mounting, the movable machine room 1 comprises one or more releasable mounting mechanisms 402 for releasably mounting the movable machine room 1 vertically supported. Preferably, the releasable mounting mechanism 402 is shiftable between a first state and a second state, wherein said first state said mechanism engages a stationary structure to take support from it, the stationary structure preferably being a hoistway wall 2a, floor sill, a bracket by which a guide rail section 11 of a rail line 10 has been fixed to hoistway or a bracket fixed on a rail line 10 e.g. for the purpose of supporting said movable machine room, or a guide rail section 11 of a guider rail line 10, and in said second state said releasable mounting mechanism 402 is released from said engagement.
(42) Preferred embodiments of the releasable mounting mechanism 402 are described hereinafter.
(43) In the embodiment of
(44) In the embodiment of
(45) In the embodiment of
(46) The embodiment of
(47) Supplying pressurized fluid to the plungers 185 in the cylinders 186 will press the brake shoes 182 downwards in the figure against the force of the springs 184. The brake shoes 182 are thus moved away from the guide surfaces of the guide rail line 10. The movable machine room 1 is thus free to move on the guide rail line(s) 10.
(48) Extracting pressurized fluid from the cylinders 186 will allow the brake shoes 182 to move upwards in the figure due to the force caused by the springs 184 acting on the second end of the brake shoe 182. The brake shoes 182 are thus moved into contact with the guide surfaces of the guide rail line 10. The support structure 411 will thus become locked to the guide rail line 10.
(49) The hydraulic unit 210 may be provided only for the gripper 180. Another possibility is to have a common main hydraulic unit on the working platform 420 for all equipment needing hydraulic power on the working platform 420. Hydraulic valves may be used to connect the different equipment to the common main hydraulic power unit.
(50) The gripper 180 comprises in the embodiment of
(51) The gripper 180 may as an alternative be operated electromechanically. An electromechanical device may be used to press the brake shoes 182 against the force of the springs 184. Deactivation of the electromechanical device will activate the brake shoes 182 against the guide rail line 10.
(52) In addition to above described variations of brake construction, several other known type brake mechanics can be applied to fulfill previously mentioned overall braking/gripping function. For instance, in some elevator system a brake system is comprised where gripping to a guide rail is produced via plier type jaws and associated friction lining. This lever type brake can be used as a further alternative.
(53) Preferred details of the support structure 430;430′;430″;430″′ are described hereinafter.
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(56) Said upright mast 431 is connected between the working platform 420 and the support structure 411. Said upright mast 431 comprises plurality of parallel elongated mast members 432,433 movable along each other. Said elongated mast members 432,433 are vertically oriented beams and the support structure comprises an actuating means 434,435 for moving them along each other for expanding the mast or contracting the mast 431. The elongated mast members 432,433 are supported against each other to be moved along each other so that one mast member guides the other, which can be implemented e.g. placing them in telescopic configuration or arranging them to have interlocking profiles moving along each other.
(57) In the embodiment of
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(59) Said upright mast 431′ is connected between the working platform 420 and the support structure 430. Said upright mast 431′ comprises plurality of parallel elongated mast members 432,433,437 movable along each other.
(60) Said elongated mast members 432,433,437 are vertically oriented beams and the support structure comprises an actuating means 434;435 for moving them along each other for expanding the mast or contracting the mast 431′. The elongated mast members 432,433,437 are supported against each other to be moved along each other so that one mast member guides the other, which can be implemented e.g. placing them in telescopic configuration or arranging them to have interlocking profiles moving along each other.
(61) In the embodiment of
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(64) In the preferred embodiment of
(65) Each of the articulated joints J11, J12 at the lower deck 110 and each of the articulated joints J21, J22 at the upper deck 120 should be arranged so that movement of the ends of the support arms 610, 620 relative to each other in the horizontal direction is allowed, but movement of the ends of the support arms 610, 620 relative to each other in the vertical direction is prevented.
(66) An actuating means 630, in particular an actuator 630 is arranged to actuate the scissor jack mechanism to selectively expand or contract in vertical direction. The actuator 630 may be connected to a rod 640 passing in a horizontal and mounted on the support platform 411 or on a pedestal or equivalent mounted thereon. The rod 640 may be formed as a worm screw. The lower end of the first support arm 610 could be attached via a shaft 640 to an actuator 630. The lower end of the first support arm 610 may be provided with articulated joint cooperating with the worm screw 640. The worm screw 640 may be attached via joint parts to the lower end portions of the support arms 610, 620. The outer ends of the worm screw 640 may be supported on the support platform 411. Rotation of the actuator 630 in a first direction will move the lower ends of the support arms 610, 620 towards each other, whereby the support platform 411 and working platform 420 are moved in a direction away from each other. Rotation of the actuator 630 in a second opposite direction will move the lower ends of the support arms 610, 620 away from each other, whereby the support platform 411 and working platform 420 are moved in a direction towards each other. The working platform 420 may thus be lifted or lowered relative to the support platform 411 selectively with the actuator 630. The actuator 630 may be formed of a motor, e.g. an electric motor rotating the worm screw 640. A pair of scissor jacks mechanism 600 may be used i.e. one articulated jack 600 may be positioned at each side edge of the support platform 411 and working platform 420. As an alternative to the worm screw, the actuator 630 of the scissor jack mechanism 600 could be a hydraulic cylinder-piston actuator.
(67) The cylinder-piston actuator could then extend between the support platform 411 and an upper portion of either support arm 610, 620, for example. The scissor jack mechanism 600 could also comprise several layers of crosswise running support arms stacked upon each other. As a yet one more alternative, the hydraulic cylinder-piston actuator could be arranged horizontally to selectively push and pull one of the ends of the support arms 610, 620 along a guide rail.
(68) Generally, regarding the actuation, also gravity can be utilized to cause or aid the contraction. The actuation to retract does not necessitate actually producing movement with the actuating means 434,435;434′,435′;434″;630, such as rotation of a motor or shortening of a mast or contraction movement of a scissor jack mechanism for example. This is because for example mere shifting of the actuating means 434,435;434′,435′;434″; 630 to free run or to braking mode could be utilized. For example, in the embodiments of
(69) Preferably, an operating interface 500 is connected, e.g. with wired or wireless connection, to each selectively actuatable support structure of the movable machine room, in particular to the actuating means 434,435;434′,435′;434″;630 of each selectively actuatable support structure of the movable machine room 1, as illustrated in
(70) Generally, some advantages of the method can be achieved even though some detail are different than shown in the illustrated and described examples. For example many advantages of modularity and/or the order in which the movable machine room, can and counterweight are provided into the hoistway and moved therein, can be achieved also even though the hoisting of the machine room is different. For example, advantages are achievable also if the at least one selectively actuatable support structure would be used for making the movable machine room able to climb in the hoistway.
(71) Generally preferably, the working platform 420 is at least 1.5 meters, preferably at least 1.8 meters above the support platform 411, whereby a substantial space for working and/or safely dwelling between them is provided. This is the case preferably at all times. Accordingly, preferably when said at least one support structure 430;430′;430″;430″′ is in contracted state in a case where said at least one support structure 430;430′;430″;430″′ is selectively actuatable to expand or contract.
(72) It is to be understood that the above description and the accompanying Figures are only intended to teach the best way known to the inventors to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above-described embodiments of the invention may thus be modified or varied, without departing from the invention, as appreciated by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.