METHOD FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID AND EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE BASED ON AEROBIC OXIDATION

Abstract

The present invention discloses a newly high-efficiency method for co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone based on the aerobic oxidation, that is, under the developed catalytic system, the aldehyde is oxidized to corresponding carboxylic acid while cyclohexanone is oxidized to ε-caprolactone, realizes the co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone. The salient features of this method include the use of cheap and readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and easy operation. It can realize the co-production of carboxylic acid and high value-added ε-caprolactone.

Claims

1. A method for co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone based on aerobic oxidation, wherein, in the presence of catalyst and oxygen, the aldehyde is oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid while the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone is achieved to produce ε-caprolactone, and the reaction equation is shown in the following equation (A): ##STR00038## wherein, R is a C2-C11 linear or branched alkyl or aryl group.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the method comprises the following steps: catalyst, organic solvent and cyclohexanone are added to a three-necked flask, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the aldehyde solution is added slowly; the resulting mixture is stirred until the completion of the reaction, then the ε-caprolactone and carboxylic acid can be obtained by column chromatography or distillation.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the said catalyst is a nitrate, selected from one or both of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the said aldehyde, cyclohexanone and catalyst is 150˜300:100:1˜10.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the said catalyst further comprises 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide; the molar ratio of the said cyclohexanone and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide is 100:1˜5.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the said solvent is selected from one or more of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane and ethyl acetate.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the said addition method of the said aldehyde is one-time addition or dropwise addition.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the said oxygen is pure oxygen or oxygen in the air.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the said reaction temperature is from room temperature to 50° C.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the said reaction time is 4-72 hours.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein the said catalyst is a nitrate, selected from one or both of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and copper nitrate trihydrate.

12. The method of claim 2, wherein the molar ratio of the said aldehyde, cyclohexanone and catalyst is 150˜300:100:1˜10.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein the said oxygen is pure oxygen or oxygen in the air.

14. The method of claim 2, wherein the said reaction temperature is from room temperature to 50° C.

15. The method of claim 2, wherein the said reaction time is 4-72 hours.

Description

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0022] The invention will be further described in detail in combination with the following specific embodiments. The protection content of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0023] Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the changes and advantages that can be thought of by those skilled in the art are included in the invention, and the scope of protection is based on the appended claims.

Example 1

[0024] ##STR00005##

[0025] (Typical procedure) Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (101.9 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.2 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (1.4541 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 86% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 72% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 2

[0026] ##STR00006##

[0027] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (100.4 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.7 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the n-butyraldehyde (1.8045 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 100% of 3b (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 79% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 3

[0028] ##STR00007##

[0029] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (100.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (981.5 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the n-valeraldehyde (2.1446 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 100% of 3c (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 71% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 4

[0030] ##STR00008##

[0031] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (101.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.6 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the benzenepropanal (3.3604 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 88% of 3d (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 27% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 5

[0032] ##STR00009##

[0033] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (100.0 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.0 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the n-undecanal (4.3117 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 80% of 3e (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 17% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 6

[0034] ##STR00010##

[0035] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (9.7 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.5 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (98.2 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (321.0 mg, 3.0 mmol) were added into a reaction tube, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 75% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 4 (NMR 72%; isolated yield, 64.0 mg, 56%) were obtained.

[0036] ε-caprolactone (4): .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3): δ 4.25-4.20 (m, 2H, OCH.sub.2), 2.68-2.60 (m, 2H, COCH.sub.2), 1.91-1.70 (m, 6H, CH.sub.2×3); .sup.13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) δ 176.1, 69.0, 34.2, 29.0, 28.6, 22.6; IR (neat) ν (cm.sup.−1)=3588, 2935, 2863, 1733, 1477, 1438, 1393, 1348, 1328, 1292, 1252, 1226, 1168, 1100, 1088, 1055, 1015; MS (EI): m/z (%) 114 (M.sup.+, 15.38), 55 (100).

Example 7

[0037] ##STR00011##

[0038] Copper nitrate trihydrate (59.6 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (982.4 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (1.4458 g, 25 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 88% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 35% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 8

[0039] ##STR00012##

[0040] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (40.1 mg, 0.1 mmol), TEMPO (15.8 mg, 0.1 mmol), sodium chloride (5.9 mg, 0.1 mmol), ethyl acetate (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.8 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (213.2 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 53% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 16% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 9

[0041] ##STR00013##

[0042] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (40.0 mg, 0.1 mmol), TEMPO (15.5 mg, 0.1 mmol), sodium chloride (5.4 mg, 0.1 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.8 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (213.1 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 57% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 26% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 10

[0043] ##STR00014##

[0044] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (40.3 mg, 0.1 mmol), TEMPO (15.2 mg, 0.1 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (99.3 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (214.2 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 55% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 38% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 11

[0045] ##STR00015##

[0046] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (21.0 mg, 0.05 mmol), TEMPO (7.9 mg, 0.05 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (99.3 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (211.6 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 57% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 47% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 12

[0047] ##STR00016##

[0048] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (21.0 mg, 0.05 mmol), TEMPO (3.7 mg, 0.025 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.1 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (212.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 49% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 46% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 13

[0049] ##STR00017##

[0050] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (19.7 mg, 0.05 mmol), TEMPO (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (99.9 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (212.7 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 56% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 55% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 14

[0051] ##STR00018##

[0052] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (21.2 mg, 0.05 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (99.4 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (215.9 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 58% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 31% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 15

[0053] ##STR00019##

[0054] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (11.2 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (99.6 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (215.5 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 12 hours. 58% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 58% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 16

[0055] ##STR00020##

[0056] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (9.8 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.9 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.7 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (215.6 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 54% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 65% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 17

[0057] ##STR00021##

[0058] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (10.5 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.8 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (98.9 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (250.0 mg, 2.4 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 72% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 81% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 18

[0059] ##STR00022##

[0060] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (10.5 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.9 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (271.3 mg, 2.6 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 66% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 80% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 19

[0061] ##STR00023##

[0062] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (10.3 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (97.6 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (299.9 mg, 2.8 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 65% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 75% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 20

[0063] ##STR00024##

[0064] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (9.7 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.5 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL), cyclohexanone (98.2 mg, 1.0 mmol) and benzaldehyde (321.0 mg, 2.8 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 24 hours. 62% of 3f (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 80% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 21

[0065] ##STR00025##

[0066] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (10.2 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.7 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL), cyclohexanone (98.1 mg, 1.0 mmol) and propionaldehyde (113.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 22 hours. 43% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 19% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 22

[0067] ##STR00026##

[0068] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (10.3 mg, 0.025 mmol), TEMPO (1.5 mg, 0.01 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (2 mL) and cyclohexanone (98.1 mg, 1.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (114.0 mg, 2.0 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (5 mL) was added dropwise at 50° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. until the completion of the reaction. 92% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 57% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 23

[0069] ##STR00027##

[0070] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (101.4 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (991.9 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (1.4574 g, 25.0 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 50° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. until the completion of the reaction. 92% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 77% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 24

[0071] ##STR00028##

[0072] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (100.9 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.0 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (1.5138 g, 26.0 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 50° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. until the completion of the reaction. 81% of 3a (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 73% of 4 (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

Example 25

[0073] ##STR00029##

[0074] Ferric nitrate nonahydrate (101.3 mg, 0.25 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) and cyclohexanone (980.7 mg, 10.0 mmol) were added into a three-neck bottle, after replacing the air with oxygen for three times, the propionaldehyde (1.5224 g, 26.0 mmol) solution in 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL) was added dropwise at 30° C. over 5 hours. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. until the completion of the reaction. 3a 76% (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) and 4 71% (with dibromomethane as internal standard, NMR yield) were obtained.

[0075] The corresponding beneficial effects of the present invention are analyzed by specific embodiments:

[0076] 1) The effect of solvent on this reaction: benzaldehyde (1f) and cyclohexanone (2) were used as reaction substrates, and 10 mol % ferric nitrate nonahydrate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide, sodium chloride as catalyst, reacted in different solvents for 12 hours (serial number 1-10), see Table 1; when the solvent was 1,2-dichloroethane, the yield of benzoic acid (3f) was 57% and the yield of ε-caprolactone (4) was 26% (Example 9).

##STR00030##

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Serial benzoic acid 3f ε-caprolactone 4 number solvent (%, NMR yield) (%, NMR yield) 1 Toluene 2 0 2 Dichloromethane 1 0 3 Chloroform 2 0 4 Acetic acid 14 0 5 Acetonitrile 17 0 6 Tetrahydrofuran 28 0 7 Methanol 9 0 8 Ether 2 0 9 Ethyl acetate 53 16 10 1,2-dichloroethane 57 26

[0077] 2) The influence of catalyst change on the reaction: change the composition of the catalyst (see Table 2), and find that the yield of caprolactone is improved without adding sodium chloride (serial number 2, Example 10); when the catalyst dosage is composed of 2.5 mol % of ferric nitrate nonahydrate and 1 mol % of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide, benzoic acid and ε-caprolactone were obtained in 58% yield respectively (serial number. 7, Example 15).

##STR00031##

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Serial benzoic acid 3f ε-caprolactone 4 number x y z (%, NMR yield) (%, NMR yield) 1 10 10 10 57 26 2 10 10 0 55 38 3 5 5 0 57 47 4 5 2.5 0 49 46 5 5 1 0 56 55 6 5 0 0 58 31 7 2.5 1 0 58 58

[0078] 3) The influence of the change of the added amount of benzaldehyde on the reaction: increasing the equivalent of benzaldehyde will help to increase the yield of caprolactone (see Table 3); when the amount of benzaldehyde is 2.4 equivalents, benzoic acid and ε-caprolactone were obtained in 72% and 810% yield respectively (serial number. 2, Example 17).

##STR00032##

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Serial benzoic acid 3f ε-caprolactone 4 number x (%, NMR yield) (%, NMR yield) 1 2.0 54 65 2 2.4 72 81 3 2.6 66 80 4 2.8 65 75 5 3.0 62 80

[0079] 4) The difference between alkyl aldehyde and aryl aldehyde: when the aldehyde is changed from aryl aldehyde (benzaldehyde) to alkyl aldehyde (propionaldehyde), the yields of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone are significantly reduced (Example 16, 21).

##STR00033## ##STR00034##

[0080] 5) The effect of feeding mode change: the feeding mode is changed from one-time addition to slow dropping, the yields of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone are significantly improved (Examples 21, 22).

##STR00035## ##STR00036##

[0081] 6) The effect of temperature change on the reaction: It should be pointed out that when the reaction is carried out by dropwise addition, the reaction only needs to add 2.5 mol % of ferric nitrate nonahydrate as a catalyst to obtain propionic acid and ε-caprolactone in a comparable yield. (Examples 23, 24); when the reaction temperature drops from 50° C. to 30° C., the reaction could still proceed, and both carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone could be obtained in good to excellent yields (Example 24, 25).

##STR00037##

[0082] Finally, it should also be noted that the above enumeration is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many modifications are possible. All deformations that can be directly derived or associated by those skilled in the art from the contents disclosed in the invention should be considered as the protection scope of the invention.