ANTI-INFECTION EFFECTS OF HNRNPA2B1 AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

Provided are anti-infection effects of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) and use thereof. In particular, provided are use of hnRNPA2B1, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein, and an accelerator thereof or an inhibitor thereof in the preparation of a product for preventing and/or treating infectious diseases and/or diseases and/or conditions associated with infection, and a corresponding pharmaceutical composition or kit thereof. The present disclosure can be used for preventing and inhibiting infections (such as virus infections) and diagnosing and treating autoimmune diseases related to self-nucleic acids, and has wide application prospects.

Claims

1. Use of a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1), a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein, a promoter or inhibitor thereof in the manufacture of a product for prevention and/or treatment of an infectious disease and/or an infection associated disease and/or syndrome.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the hnRNPA2B1 is selected from: (a) a polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4; or (b) a protein or polypeptide that has a homology or sequence identity (for example, a homology of more than 80% or a sequence identity of more than 80%, such as 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%) with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4, and has an infection inhibitory activity; or (c) a protein or polypeptide derived from the amino acid sequence of (a) or (b) with substitution, deletion or addtiion of one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of (a) or (b), which is active in preventing and/or treating an infectious disease and/or an infection associated disease and/or syndrome; and/or wherein the nucleic acid is selected from: (i) a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3; or (ii) a molecule that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence defined in (i) under a strict condition; (iii) a nucleic acid molecule, which has a homology or sequence identity (e.g. a homology of more than 80% homology or a sequence identity of more than 80% , such as 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%) with the nucleotide sequences set forth in SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:3, and encodes a protein or peptide that is active in preventing and/or treating an infectious disease and/or an infection associated disease and/or symptom; (iv) a nucleic acid molecule, with substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acids in the nucleotide sequence of (i) or (ii) or (iii), which encodes a protein or peptide that is active in preventing and/or treating an infectious disease and/or an infection associated disease and/or symptom; and/or the promoter is selected from: agents that increase the protein level of hnRNPA2B1 or promote the function of hnRNPA2B1, such as an overexpression vector of hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence; exogenous hnRNPA2B1; a naked DNA of hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence; a liposome encapsulated DNA of hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence; hnRNPA2B1 precursor protein or conjugate or complex that can be transformed into hnRNPA2B1 in vivo; and/or the inhibitor is selected from: an antibody against hnRNPA2B1 or a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein, an siRNA, an miRNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, an antagonist, a blocker.

3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the infection is a DNA involved and/or mediated infection.

4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the infection is a DNA involved and/or mediated viral infection, bacterial infection, fungal infection or a combination thereof; for example, wherein the infection is caused by DNA virus infection, such as a infection caused by one or more viruses selected from: herpes simplex virus, hepatitis B virus, adenovirus, poxvirus, small DNA virus and adeno-associated virus.

5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the infection associated disease and/or symptom is one or more selected from the group consisting of: pathological injury caused by infection; insufficient or excessive production of cytokines such as interferon after infection; endotoxic shock or death; inflammatory injury of organs; multiple organ failure, for example, the organ is selected from: liver, spleen, brain, kidney, heart, lung, stomach and intestine; chronic inflammatory diseases caused by viral infections (such as autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic nephritis, tuberculosis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases).

6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the product is a pharmaceutical composition or kit, for example, the form of which is suitable for an administration selected from the group consisting of oral administration, injection (such as direct naked DNA or protein injection, liposome encapsulated DNA or protein injection), gold coated gene gun bombardment, reproduction defective bacteria carrying plasmid DNA, replication deficient adenovirus carrying a protein encoded by a target DNA method or target gene, electroporation, nasal administration, pulmonary administration, oral administration, transdermal administration and intratumoral administration.

7. The use according to claim 1, wherein the product also contains other agents for prevention and/or treatment of an infectious disease and/or an infection associated disease and/or symptom, such as one or more of clinically common antibiotics (including β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, macrolides, antifungal antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis antibiotics); clinically common antiviral drugs (tricyclic amines, pyrophosphates, protease inhibitors, nucleoside drugs, interferon, antisense oligonucleotides, etc.); clinically common immunosuppressants (including glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, chloroquine, cyclosporine A, Tripterygium wilfordii, traditional Chinese medicine preparation and anti-TNF monoclonal antibody).

8. A pharmaceutical composition or kit, which comprises: (A) a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of hnRNPA2B1, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein, a promoter thereof and/or an inhibitor thereof; (B) a pharmaceutically or immunologically acceptable carrier or excipient; (C) one or more other actives for preventing or treating an infectious disease and its associated disease and/or symptom.

9. A method for screening a drug for anti-infection by promoting hnRNPA2B1, which comprises: (A) treating an infected cell, tissue or animal with a candidate agent; (B) detecting the level of hnRNPA2B1 or the nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein in the cell, tissue or animal; and (C) if the level of hnRNPA2B1 or the nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein is higher than that before the treatment with the candidate agent or higher than that in the normal control, it is indicated that the candidate agent has the effect of anti-infection by promoting hnRNPA2B1.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0046] The present disclosure will be further described below in combination with the accompanying drawings, and these drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure, not to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 1: After the mouse primary peritoneal macrophages were infected with HSV-1, hnRNPA2B1 directly recognized and was bound to HSV-1 DNA. This figure shows the detection of HSV-1 DNA by nucleic acid electrophoresis after PCR.

[0048] FIG. 2: The mouse macrophages were transfected with interfering RNA (siRNA) for hnRNPA2B1, resulting in a decreased transcription level of type I interferon after HSV-1 infection. This figure shows IFN-α (Ifna4), IFN-β (IFnb1) mRNA levels detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (***, P<0.001; **, P<0.01). UI: uninfected, un-stimulated group.

[0049] FIG. 3: The mouse macrophages were transfected with interfering RNA (siRNA) for hnRNPA2B1, resulting in a decreased protein level of IFN-β after HSV-1 infection. This figure shows ELISA analysis (***, P<0.001). UI: uninfected, un-stimulated group.

[0050] FIG. 4: The human THP1 cells were transfected with interfering RNA (siRNA) for hnRNPA2B1, resulting in a decreased transcription level of type I interferon after HSV-1 infection. This figure shows the PCR-α (Ifna4), IFN-β (IFnb1) mRNA level detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (***, P<0.001). UI: uninfected, un-stimulated group.

[0051] FIG. 5: Overexpression of hnRNPA2B1 in mouse macrophages resulted in increased protein secretion level of IFN-β after HSV-1 infection. The figure shows ELISA analysis (***, P<0.001).

[0052] FIG. 6: Wild-type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 knockout (Hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were subjected to intraperitoneal infection of 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming units (PFUs) of HSV-1. The IFN-β level in blood was detected by ELISA after 6 hours, and the serum IFN-β level in hnRNP-A2B1 knockout mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice (***, P<0.001).

[0053] FIG. 7: Wild-type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 knockout (Hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were subjected to intraperitoneal infection of 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming unit (PFU) of HSV-1. The virus titer in the brain was detected by plaque test after 4 days, and the virus titer in the brain of hnRNP-A2B1 knockout mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (***, P<0.001).

[0054] FIG. 8: Wild-type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 knockout (Hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were subjected to intraperitoneal infection of 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming unit (PFU) of HSV-1. The survival of the hnRNPA2B1 knockout mice was decreased significantly (P<0.001).

[0055] FIG. 9: Knockout of the expression of hnRNPA2B1 resulted in the decreased transcription level of type I interferon. This figure shows the IFN-β MRNA level detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (**, P<0.01). UI: uninfected, un-stimulated group.

EMBODIMENTS

[0056] In this disclosure, through extensive research and animal model tests, it is found that hnRNPA2B1 can effectively inhibit viral infection, improve organ function and improve survival in infectious diseases. On this basis, the present disclosure has been completed.

[0057] The present disclosure has studied the efficacy and function of the novel immunomodulatory molecule hnRNPA2B1 in anti-infection, and demonstrated the therapeutic and protective effects of the molecule on infected animals. Experiments showed that: 1) hnRNPA2B1 can bind to virus DNA after virus infection; 2) interfering with the expression of hnRNPA2B1 inhibits the production of type I interferon after virus infection; 3) hnRNPA2B1 knockout can increase HSV-1 infection in mouse brain and increase mortality; 4) overexpression of hnRNPA2B1 can promote the production of type I interferon after virus infection. These experimental results suggest that hnRNPA2B1 has the application prospect of treating DNA involved and/or mediated infections (such as viral infectivity, such as HSV-1, ADV infection, etc.). Accordingly, the present disclosure provides methods and strategies for applying anti-infective molecule hnRNPA2B1 to inhibit infection or for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, especially for controlling viral infection, such as liver injury caused by viral infection.

[0058] All the numerical ranges provided herein are intended to clearly include all values falling between the endpoints of the range and the numerical range between them. The features mentioned in the present disclosure or the features mentioned in the examples may be combined. All the features disclosed in this specification can be used in combination with any composition form, and each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that can provide the same, equal or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are only general examples of equal or similar features.

[0059] As used herein, “contain”, “have” or “comprise” includes “include”, “consist mainly of”, “consist essentially of”, and “consist of”; “mainly composed of”, “basically composed of” and “composed of” belong to the subordinate concepts of “contain”, “have” or “comprise”.

hnRNPA2B1 Protein (Polypeptide)

[0060] As used herein, the terms “hnRNPA2B1 protein (polypeptide)” and “hnRNPA2B1” can be used interchangeably to refer to heterogeneous nuclear riboprotein A2B1. The hnRNPA2B1 protein of the present disclosure can be a protein encoded by the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 (full-length sequence of human cDNA) or SEQ ID NO: 3 (mouse CDS sequence), or a homologous sequence (for example, the homologous sequence of hnRNPA2B1 can be obtained through a database or comparison software known in the art), a variant or a modified form of these proteins that can promote the expression of interferon. For example, the hnRNPA2B1 protein may be selected from: (a) the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4; or (b) a protein or polypeptide derived from (a) that has substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence defined in (a), and has the activity of promoting the expression of interferon.

[0061] The proteins or polypeptides of the present disclosure may be naturally occurring, purified products, or chemically synthesized products, or produced from prokaryotic or eukaryotic hosts (e.g., bacteria, yeast, higher animal, insect and mammalian cells) using recombination techniques. The hnRNPA2B1 protein or polypeptide of the present disclosure may be encoded by human hnRNPA2B1 gene or its homologous gene or family gene.

[0062] The variant forms of the protein or polypeptide of the present disclosure include (but are not limited to): deletion, insertion and/or substitution of one or more (usually 1-50, preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-20, most preferably 1-10, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) amino acids, and addition of one or more (usually less than 20, preferably less than 10, more preferably less than 5) amino acids at the C-terminal and/or N-terminal. For example, in the art, when replacing with amino acids of close or similar properties, the function of a protein or polypeptide is usually not changed. For another example, addition of one or more amino acids at the C-terminal and/or N-terminal usually does not change the function of the protein or polypeptide. For example, the hnRNPA2B1 protein or polypeptide of the present disclosure may or may not include the initial methionine residue but still have the activity of inhibiting infection.

[0063] Random mutagenesis can be generated by radiation or exposure to mutagens, or the protein or polypeptide in (b) above can be obtained by site-specific mutagenesis or other known molecular biological techniques. Transgenic animals can be constructed by using the coding sequence encoding the protein or polypeptide, and observed for their resistance to virus infection or improvement in resistance to virus infection to identify the obtained protein or polypeptide.

[0064] According to the host used in the recombinant production scheme, the protein or polypeptide of the present disclosure may be glycosylated or non-glycosylated. The term also refers to active fragments and active derivatives of hnRNPA2B1 protein.

[0065] The variant forms of the polypeptide include: homologous sequences, conservative variants, allelic variants, natural mutants, induced mutants, proteins encoded by a sequence that can hybridize with hnRNPA2B1 protein coding sequence under highly or lowly strict conditions, and polypeptides or proteins obtained from antiserum against hnRNPA2B1 protein. Other polypeptides, such as fusion proteins containing hnRNPA2B1 protein or fragments thereof, can also be used in the present disclosure. In addition to the almost full-length polypeptide, the present disclosure also includes a soluble fragment of hnRNPA2B1 protein. Usually, the fragment has at least about 10 continuous amino acids, usually at least about 30 continuous amino acids, preferably at least about 50 continuous amino acids, more preferably at least about 80 continuous amino acids, and most preferably at least about 100 continuous amino acids of the hnRNPA2B1 protein sequence.

A Nucleic Acid Molecule Encoding hnRNPA2B1

[0066] As used herein, the terms “hnRNPA2B1 gene”, “hnRNPA2B1 coding gene”, “hnRNPA2B1 protein coding gene” or “nucleic acid molecule encoding hnRNPA2B1” can be used interchangeably, and all refer to a nucleotide sequence encoding hnRNPA2B1 protein or polypeptide described herein, which can be, for example, the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (human CDS) or SEQ ID NO: 3 (mouse CDS) sequence, molecules hybridized with these sequences under a strict condition, or family gene molecules that are highly homologous to the above molecules, and the expression of the gene can promote the production and effect of interferon. The hnRNPA2B1 gene is highly conserved in human and mice. The gene ID for human is 3181 and the gene ID for mouse is 53379.

[0067] The hnRNPA2B1 gene of the present disclosure can be selected from: (i) SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 3; or (ii) a molecule that hybridizes with the sequence defined in (i) under a strict condition and promotes interferon production.

[0068] As used herein, the term “strict condition” refers to: (1) hybridization and elution at lower ionic strength and higher temperature, such as 0.2×SSC, 0.1% SDS, 60° C.; or (2) addition of denaturant during hybridization, such as 50% (v/v) formamide, 0.1% fetal bovine serum/0.1% Ficoll, 42 ° C., etc; or (3) hybridization that occurs only when the identity between the two sequences is at least 50%, preferably more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more than 85% or more than 90%, more preferably more than 95%. For example, the sequence may be a complementary sequence of the sequence defined in (a).

[0069] The full-length nucleotide sequence or fragment of the hnRNPA2B1 gene of the present disclosure can generally be obtained by PCR amplification, recombination or synthetic methods. For PCR amplification, primers can be designed according to the relevant nucleotide sequences disclosed in the disclosure, especially the open reading frame sequence, and the relevant sequences can be amplified using the commercially available cDNA library or the cDNA library prepared according to the conventional method as a template. When the sequence is relatively long, two or more PCR amplification is usually required, and then the amplified fragments are spliced together in the correct order.

[0070] It should be understood that the hnRNPA2B1 gene of the present disclosure is preferably obtained from human. Other genes obtained from other animals that are highly homologous with the human hnRNPA2B1 gene (for example, having a sequence identity of more than 50%, preferably more than 55%, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75%, more than 80%, more preferably more than 85%, such as 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or even 99% or more) are also within the scope of the equivalent embodiments preferably considered in the present disclosure. Methods and tools for aligning sequence identity are also well known in the art, such as BLAST.

Promoter and Inhibitor of hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 Coding Sequence

[0071] The present disclosure also relates to a “promoter” of hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence. The term “promoter” or “promoter of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding sequence” can be used interchangeably to refer to agents that can improve the level or activity of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding nucleic acid molecules. Promoters that can be used in the present disclosure include but are not limited to: hnRNPA2B1 expression vector, exogenous hnRNPA2B1, naked DNA of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding sequence, liposome encapsulated DNA of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding sequence, and hnRNPA2B1 protein.

[0072] hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence or its promoter of the present disclosure can inhibit viral infection, so it can be further used to prevent or treat diseases associated with viral infection, and/or related symptoms caused by viral infection, as well as chronic inflammatory diseases caused by infection, and/or symptoms thereof.

[0073] The present disclosure also relates to “inhibitor” of hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 coding sequences. The term “inhibitor” or “inhibitor of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding nucleic acid molecule” can be used interchangeably to refer to an agent that can reduce the level or activity of hnRNPA2B1 or its coding nucleic acid molecule. Inhibitors that can be used in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, antibodies against hnRNPA2B1 or nucleic acid molecules encoding the protein, siRNA (e.g., siRNA with sequence as set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5-8), miRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, antagonists and blockers.

[0074] The inhibitor of the present disclosure can inhibit excessive anti-infective response (such as interferon production), and it can be further used to prevent or treat infection associated diseases and/or associated symptoms, for example, chronic inflammatory diseases caused by infection (such as autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic nephritis, tuberculosis, chronic gastrointestinal diseases).

Vector, Host and Transgenic Animal

[0075] The present disclosure also relates to a vector containing the hnRNPA2B1 gene, a host cell generated by genetic engineering with the vector, and a transgenic animal with high expression of hnRNPA2B1 obtained through transgene.

[0076] Through conventional recombinant DNA technology (Science, 1984; 224:1431), the coding sequence of the present disclosure can be used to express or produce recombinant hnRNPA2B1 protein. Generally, there are the following steps: [0077] (1) Transforming or transducing a suitable host cell with a polynucleotide (or variant) encoding hnRNPA2B1 protein of the present disclosure or with a recombinant expression vector containing the polynucleotide; [0078] (2) Culturing the host cells in a suitable medium; [0079] (3) Isolating and purifying proteins or peptides from the medium or cells.

[0080] In the present disclosure, the terms “vector” and “recombinant expression vector” can be used interchangeably to refer to bacterial plasmids, phages, yeast plasmids, animal cell viruses, mammalian cell viruses or other vectors well known in the art. To sum up, any plasmid and vector can be used as long as it can replicate and stabilize in the host. An important feature of expression vectors is that they usually contain origin of replication, promoters, marker genes and translation control elements.

[0081] The method can be used to construct an expression vector containing hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence and appropriate transcription/translation control signal. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA technology, DNA synthesis technology, in vivo recombinant technology, etc. The DNA sequence can be effectively connected to an appropriate promoter in the expression vector to guide mRNA synthesis. The expression vector also includes ribosomal binding sites for translation initiation and transcription terminators. The expression system of pcDNA3.1 vector may be used in the present disclosure.

[0082] In addition, the expression vector includes one or more selective marker genes to provide phenotypic traits for selecting transformed host cells, such as dihydrofolate reductase for eukaryotic cell culture, neomycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (GFP), or tetracycline or ampicillin resistance for Escherichia coli.

[0083] Vectors containing above appropriate DNA sequences and appropriate promoters or control sequences can be used to transform appropriate host cells and they can express proteins or peptides. Host cells can be prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial cells; or lower eukaryotic cells, such as yeast cells; or higher eukaryotic cells, such as animal cells. Representative examples are: Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Agrobacteriuml fungal cells such as yeasts; animal cells, etc. In the present disclosure, E. coli cells and human liver cells may be as host cells.

[0084] When the polynucleotide of the present disclosure is expressed in higher eukaryotic cells, the transcription will be enhanced if an enhancer sequence is inserted into the vector. Enhancers are cis acting factors of DNA, usually of about 10 to 300 base pairs, which act on promoters to enhance gene transcription. Selection of appropriate vectors, promoters, enhancers and host cells can be done.

[0085] The term “transgenic animal” or “transformed animal” in the present disclosure can be used interchangeably to refer to cells, organs, tissues or individuals obtained by conventional transgenic methods that are transferred with the hnRNPA2B1 gene of the present disclosure and stably and highly express hnRNPA2B1 protein or polypeptide.

[0086] The recombinant polypeptide in the above method can be expressed in the cell or on the cell membrane or secreted outside the cell. If necessary, the recombinant protein can be separated and purified by various separation methods based on its physical, chemical and other properties. Examples of these methods include, but are not limited to: conventional renaturation, protein precipitation treatment (salting out method), centrifugation, osmosis, over treatment, ultracentrifugation, molecular sieve chromatography (gel filtration), adsorption chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and other liquid chromatography techniques and the combination of these methods.

Product

[0087] The present disclosure also provides a product, which may be, for example, a drug, a pharmaceutical composition or a kit containing an effective amount of hnRNPA2B1 of the present disclosure or a nucleic acid molecule encoding hnRNPA2B1, a promoter thereof or an inhibitor thereof, and a pharmaceutically or immunologically acceptable carrier. As used herein, the term “active”, “active agent” or “active agent of the present disclosure” can be used interchangeably to refer to hnRNPA2B1 or hnRNPA2B1 coding sequence, its promoter or its inhibitor.

[0088] In one embodiment, the product can be used to prevent or treat diseases associated with viral infection, chronic inflammatory diseases caused by viral infection, and/or symptoms thereof; for example, the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be used to prevent or treat viral infectious diseases which are known to be prevented or treated, such as tissue injury caused by viral infections, inflammatory injury of organs; and multiple organ failure.

[0089] As used herein, the term “contain” or “comprise” includes “include”, “consist essentially of”, and “consist of”. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” ingredient is applicable to humans and/or animals without excessive adverse reactions (such as toxicity, irritation and allergy), i.e. an agent with reasonable benefit/risk ratio. As used herein, the term “effective amount” refers to an amount that can produce function or activity to humans and/or animals and can be accepted by humans and/or animals.

[0090] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to a carrier used for the administration of therapeutic agents, including various excipients and diluents. The term refers to drug carriers that are not essential active ingredients themselves and are not excessively toxic after administration. Suitable carriers, and a full discussion on pharmaceutically acceptable excipients can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Pub. Co., N.J. 1991.

[0091] A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in a composition may contain liquids such as water, brine, glycerol and ethanol. In addition, there may be auxiliary substances in these carriers, such as fillers, disintegrating agents, lubricants, flow aids, effervescent agents, wetting agents or emulsifiers, flavoring agents, pH buffer substances, etc. Generally, these substances can be prepared in a non-toxic, inert and pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous carrier medium, and the pH is usually about 5-8, preferably about 6-8.

[0092] The active agent in the product of the present disclosure accounts for 0.001-99.9 wt % of the total weight of the composition, preferably 1-95 wt %, more preferably 5-90 wt %, more preferably 10-80 wt % of the total weight of the composition. The remainder is pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and other additives.

[0093] As used herein, the term “unit dosage form” refers to preparing the product of the present disclosure into a dosage form required for single administration for convenience of administration, including but not limited to various solid agents (such as tablets), liquid agents, capsules and sustained-release agents.

[0094] In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the product is in a unit dosage form or multiple dosage form, and the content of the active agent is 0.01-2000 mg/dose, preferably 0.1-1500 mg/dose, more preferably 1-1000 mg/dose. In another preferred example of the present disclosure, 1 to 6 doses of the composition of the present disclosure are administrated every day, preferably 1 to 3 doses; most preferably, the daily dose is 1 dose.

[0095] It should be understood that the effective dose of active agents such as hnRNPA2B1 protein or its coding sequence used may vary with the severity of the subject to be administered or treated. The specific condition is determined according to the individual condition of the subject (such as the subject's weight, age, physical condition and the effect to be achieved), which can be determined by a skilled physician.

[0096] The products of the present disclosure may be solid (such as granules, tablets, lyophilized powder, suppositories, capsules, sublingual tablets) or liquid (such as oral liquid) or other suitable shapes. The route of administration can be: (1) direct naked DNA or protein injection; (2) connection of the cDNA, mRNA and protein of hnRNPA2B1 to transferrin/poly L-lysine complex to enhance its biological effects; (3) complexes fromed with cDNA, mRNA and protein and positively charged lipids to overcome the difficulty of crossing the cell membrane caused by the negative charge of phosphate skeleton; (4) entrance into cells after encapsulation of cDNA, mRNA and protein with liposomes, which can not only facilitate the entry of macromolecules, but also avoid the hydrolysis of extracellular enzymes; (5) the combination of cDNA, mRNA and protein with cholesterol, which increases the cytoplasmic retention time by 10 times; (6) immunoliposomes to specifically transport cDNA, mRNA and protein to target tissues and cells; (7) transfection of cDNA, mRNA and protein into transfer cells (such as fibroblasts) in vitro, which can also better load hnRNPA2B1 associated drugs into target cells; (8) electroporation, which inrtoduces cDNA, mRNA and protein into target cells with current.

[0097] In addition, the products of the disclosure can also contain other active agents for improving and treating viral infectious diseases. The other active agents are selected from the group consisting of: one or more of clinically common antibiotics (including β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicols, macrolides, antifungal antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis antibiotics).

[0098] The nucleotide and protein drugs associated with hnRNPA2B1 of the present disclosure can be applied in combination with each other, and can also be applied in combination with other drugs and therapeutic means for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases.

EXAMPLES

[0099] The present disclosure is further described below in combination with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are used only to illustrate the present disclosure and not to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Appropriate modifications and changes to the present disclosure can be made, which are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0100] For the experimental methods without specific conditions noted in the following examples, conventional methods in the art can be adopted, for example, refer to Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Third Edition, New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989 or according to the conditions recommended by the supplier. DNA sequencing method is a conventional method in the art and can also be tested by commercial companies.

[0101] Unless otherwise stated, percentages and portions are calculated by weight. Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning. In addition, any method and material similar or equal to the recorded content can be applied to the method of the present disclosure. The methods and materials described herein are for demonstration purposes only.

Example 1: hnRNPA2B1 Directly Recognizes DNA Derived From Nuclear Pathogens

[0102] Obtaining the primary peritoneal macrophages of mice: C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old, female, Shanghai Bikai Experimental Animal Co., Ltd.) were intraperitoneally injected with 2 ml of 3% mercaptoacetate (Sigma Aldrich) solution once. Three days later, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the abdominal cavity was washed with serum-free medium, sucked out and centrifuged to obtain cells.

[0103] The primary peritoneal macrophage cells were cultured in DMEM medium. After HSV-1 (strain F, ATCC) infection for 2 hours, nuclear protein was isolated and immunoprecipitated by anti-hnRNPA2B1 antibody (Santa Cruz) or control antibody (IgG, Santa Cruz). HSV-1 DNA was detected by PCR.

[0104] The binding of hnRNPA2B1 to HSV-1 DNA is shown in FIG. 1.

[0105] The results showed that HSV-1 DNA was bound to hnRNPA2B1 protein precipitated by anti-hnRNPA2B1 antibody 2 hours after infection.

[0106] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 was bound to HSV-1 DNA during infection.

Example 2: Interfering with the Expression of hnRNPA2B1 Inhibits Type I Interferon Induced by HSV-1 Infection

[0107] Primary peritoneal macrophage cells were cultured in DMEM medium and human THP1 cells (ATCC) were cultured in 1640 medium. The cells were transfected with small interfering RNA for hnRNPA2B1 (hnRNPA2B1 siRNA) and mock control (control siRNA) (transfection reagent INTERFERin was purchased from Polyplus company).

[0108] Small interfering RNA for hnRNPA2B1 (hnRNPA2B1 siRNA) and mock control (control siRNA) were purchased from Genephama. The sequences of mouse hnRNPA2B1 siRNA are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6, the sequences of human hnRNPA2B1 siRNA are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8, and, the sequences of control siRNA are set forth in SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10. During synthesis, 2 dTs were added at 3′ to make the sequence more stable. The specific sequences are as follows:

TABLE-US-00001 hnRNPA2B1 siRNA sequences: Mouse hnRNPAB1 siRNA: (sense, SEQ ID NO: 5) 5′-GAGGAAAUUAUGGAAGUGGTT-3′; (anti-sense, SEQ ID NO: 6) 5′-CCACUUCCAUAAUUUCCUCCT-3′. Human hnRNPAB1 siRNA: (sense, SEQ ID NO: 7) 5′-CUUUGGUGGUAGCAGGAACTT-3′; (anti-sense, SEQ ID NO: 8) 5′-GUUCCUGCUACCACCAAAGTT-3′. Control siRNA sequences: (sense, SEQ ID NO: 9) 5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3′; (anti-sense, SEQ ID NO: 10) 5′-ACGUGACACGUUCGGAGAATT-3′.

[0109] Mouse peritoneal macrophages (2×10.sup.5 cells/well) and human THP1 cells (1×10.sup.6 cells/well) 48 hours after transfection were stimulated by HSV-1 (MOI, 10), the adherent cells were collected 7 hours after infection, the total RNA of the cells was extracted, and the transcriptional level of type I interferon (IFN-α, IFN-β) was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; the cell culture supernatant was collected 18 hours after infection, and the protein level of IFN-β was detected by ELISA.

[0110] The transcription level of type I interferon (IFN-α, IFN-β) is shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, and the protein level is shown in FIG. 3. In FIGS. 2 and 3, mouse hnRNPAB1 siRNA was used for mouse cells; in FIG. 4, human hnRNPAB1 siRNA was used for human cells.

[0111] The results showed that transfection of small interfering RNA for hnRNPA2B1 into mouse macrophages can significantly inhibit the production of type I interferon induced by HSV-1 infection. The results showed that interfering with the expression of hnRNPA2B1 resulted in the decrease of type I interferon induced by HSV-1 infection, suggesting that hnRNPA2B1 may play an important role in anti-infection.

Example 3: Overexpression of hnRNPA2B1 Inhibits Secretion of IFN-β in Cells

[0112] Firstly, the cDNA of hnRNPA2B1 (NM_182650) was introduced into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 plasmid (Addgene) to construct hnRNPA2B1 expression vector.

[0113] Mouse peritoneal macrophages were transfected with hnRNPA2B1 expression vector at the density of 1 μg/ml, and fresh DMEM medium was replaced 48 hours later.

[0114] Cells with a density of 4×10.sup.5 cells/ml were infected with HSV-1 (MOI, 10). After 12 hours, the cell culture supernatant was collected, and the IFN-β level in the cell culture supernatant was detected with an ELISA kit.

[0115] The secretion of IFN-β is shown in FIG. 5.

[0116] The results showed that transfecting cells with hnRNPA2B1 plasmid canpromote HSV-1-induced IFN-β production.

[0117] The results showed that overexpression of hnRNPA2B1 can promote the production of IFN-β induced by HSV-1 infection, indicating that hnRNPA2B1 might play an important role in anti-infection.

Example 4: Knockout of hnRNPA2B1 Inhibits In Vivo IFN-β Level in Serum Induced by HSV-1 Infection

[0118] hnRNPA2B1 myeloid cell conditional knockout mice (Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., the construction method may refer to Jnyner A L. Gene Targeting, Oxford University Press. 1994) were constructed, and loxP sequence that can be specifically recognized by CRE endonuclease is added to exon 2-6 of Hnrnpa2b1 gene. Hnrnpa2b1.sup.f1/f1 mice were backcrossed with C57BL/6 background and hybridized with Lyz2-Cre mice, to realize the specific knockout of exons 2-6 of Hnrnpa2b1 gene in myeloid cells. Hnrnpa2b1.sup.f1/f1Lyz2-Cre.sup.+/− mice and Hnrnpa2b1.sup.f1/f1Lyz2-Cre.sup.−/− mice were crossed to produce myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 knockout (hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice and littermate control wild-type mice, which were raised in a special pathogen free clean level (SPF) environment.

[0119] Wild type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 knockout (hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were intraperitoneally infected with 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming units (PFU) of HSV-1, blood was taken 6 hours later, serum was separated, and IFN-β level in blood was detected by ELISA. The test results are shown in FIG. 6.

[0120] The results showed that the serum IFN-β level of hnRNP-A2B1 knockout mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice (***, P<0.001).

[0121] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 knockout inhibited IFN-β production induced by HSV-1 virus infection, indicating that hnRNPA2B1 may play an important role in anti-infection.

Example 5: Knockout of hnRNPA2B1 Promotes the Replication of HSV-1 in Mouse Brain

[0122] hnRNPA2B1 myeloid cell conditional knockout mice were constructed (as Example 4). Wild type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 gene knockout (Hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were intraperitoneally infected with 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming units (PFU) of HSV-1, and the virus titer was detected by plaque test after 4 days.

[0123] The detection results of HSV-1 replication in mouse brain are shown in FIG. 7.

[0124] The results showed that the virus titer in the brain of hnRNP-A2B1 knockout mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice (***, P<0.001).

[0125] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 knockout promoted the replication of HSV-1 virus in vivo, indicating that hnRNPA2B1 may play an important role in anti-infection.

Example 6: Knockout of hnRNPA2B Improves the Mortality Caused by Viral Infection

[0126] hnRNPA2B1 myeloid cell conditional knockout mice were constructed (as Example 3). Wild type mice and myeloid cell specific hnRNPA2B1 gene knockout (Hnrnpa2b1 cKO) mice were intraperitoneally infected with 7×10.sup.8 plaque forming units (PFU) of HSV-1, and the death of mice was continuously observed. The results are shown in FIG. 8.

[0127] The results showed that the survival of hnRNP-A2B1 knockout mice decreased significantly (***, P<0.001).

[0128] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 knockout can increase the mortality caused by viral infection, indicating that hnRNPA2B1 may play an important role in anti-infection.

Example 7: Knockout of hnRNPA2B Inhibits Type I interferon Induced by Adenovirus (ADV) Infection

[0129] The second exon of hnRNPA2B1 gene was deleted by CRISPR/Cas9 technology to construct hnRNPA2B1 knockout RAW264.7 cell lines. The control RAW264.7 cells (ATCC) and hnRNPA2B1 knockout RAW264.7 cells were infected with AdV (MOI, 10; Ad5 type, Hanheng Biotechnology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.), the adherent cells were collected 7 hours after infection, the total RNA of the cells was extracted and IFN-β mRNA expression level was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

[0130] The IFN-β mRNA expression level is shown in FIG. 9.

[0131] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 knockout can significantly inhibit IFN-β production induced by AdV infection.

[0132] The results showed that hnRNPA2B1 knockout resulted in the decrease of type I interferon induced by AdV infection, indicating that hnRNPA2B1 may play an important role in anti-infection.