Joint implant

Abstract

A joint implant adapted for use in joint surgeries. Among other things, the joint implant has an anterior cutting edge and a rotatable cutter supported by a rotatable shaft. A polyaxial adapter can be incorporated into the current joint implant. The present implant can include a rotatable shaft that has a conduit and windows.

Claims

1. A joint implant comprising a biocompatible construction comprising: a) a first trapezoidal surface comprising a first aperture therein and a first two margins of equal length; b) a second trapezoidal surface opposed from the first trapezoidal surface; the second trapezoidal surface comprising a second aperture therein and a second two margins of equal length; c) an anterior side extending between the trapezoidal surfaces; the anterior side comprising a cutting edge and an orifice extending through the anterior side and the cutting edge; d) a surgeon facing side comprising a bearing; the surgeon facing side extending between the trapezoidal surfaces; e) a rotatable shaft extending from the orifice into the bearing; f) first and second arms connected with the rotatable shaft; the first and second arms supporting first and second cutters comprising one or more blades, wherein on rotation of the shaft, the blades are adapted to cut in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; and g) a polyaxial adapter, outward of the surgeon facing side, attached to the rotatable shaft and connectable to a device rotating the rotatable shaft.

2. The joint implant of claim 1, wherein the rotatable shaft comprises: a) a conduit extending through a length of the rotatable shaft; the conduit defined by an inward face of the rotatable shaft's cylindrical wall; and b) one or more windows, positioned on the cylindrical wall; each window exposing the conduit to a surgically created cavity external from the joint implant.

3. The joint implant of claim 2 comprising one or more connectors connected to the surgeon facing side, wherein each connector is connectable to an insertion instrument.

4. The joint implant of claim 3, wherein one or more surfaces of the biocompatible construction comprise surface treatments.

5. The joint implant of claim 4, wherein the first and second arms comprise one or more sharp edges adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material.

6. A joint implant comprising a biocompatible construction with a longitudinal axis spanning a longer dimension of the biocompatible construction; the biocompatible construction comprising: a) openings outward from the longitudinal axis; b) an anterior side comprising: i) a cutting edge; and ii) an orifice; c) a surgeon facing side comprising a bearing; d) a rotatable shaft, extending along the longitudinal axis, engaging the orifice and the bearing; e) first and second arms, capable of rotating in a 360 degree path, connected with the shaft; the first and second arms supporting first and second cutters comprising one or more blades, wherein on rotation of the shaft, the blades are adapted to cut in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; and f) a polyaxial adapter, outward of the surgeon facing side, attached to the rotatable shaft and connectable to a device rotating the rotatable shaft.

7. The biocompatible construction of claim 6 comprising first and second lateral sides connected with the anterior side and the surgeon facing side.

8. The biocompatible construction of claim 1, wherein the anterior side has a lesser cross-sectional area than a cross-sectional area of the surgeon facing side.

9. The biocompatible construction of claim 8, wherein the rotatable shaft comprises: a) a conduit defined by an inward face of the rotatable shaft's cylindrical wall; and b) one or more windows, positioned on the cylindrical wall; each window exposing the conduit to a surgically created cavity external from the biocompatible construction.

10. The biocompatible construction of claim 9 comprising one or more connectors positioned on the surgeon facing side, wherein each connector is connectable to an insertion instrument.

11. The biocompatible construction of claim 10, wherein the first and second arms comprise one or more sharp edges adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material.

12. The biocompatible construction of claim 11, wherein one or more surfaces of the biocompatible construction comprise surface treatments.

13. A biocompatible construction for implantation into a surgically created cavity; the biocompatible construction comprising: a) openings outward from a centralized axis; b) an anterior side comprising: i) a cutting edge; and ii) an orifice; c) a surgeon facing side comprising a bearing; d) a rotatable shaft, extending along the centralized axis spanning a longer dimension of the biocompatible construction, engaging the orifice and the bearing; e) first and second arms, capable of rotating in a 360 degree path, connected with the shaft; the first and second arms supporting first and second cutters comprising one or more blades, wherein on rotation of the shaft, the blades are adapted to cut in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; and f) a polyaxial adapter attached to the rotatable shaft and connectable to a device rotating the rotatable shaft.

14. The biocompatible construction of claim 13, wherein the rotatable shaft comprises: a) a conduit defined by an inward face of the rotatable shaft's cylindrical wall; and b) one or more windows, positioned on the cylindrical wall; each window exposing the conduit to a surgically created cavity external from the biocompatible construction.

15. The biocompatible construction of claim 14, wherein the first and second arms comprise one or more sharp edges adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material.

16. The biocompatible construction of claim 15, wherein the centralized axis is a longitudinal axis.

17. The biocompatible construction of claim 16, wherein the surgically created cavity is associated with a joint.

18. The biocompatible construction of claim 17; the biocompatible construction comprising: a) a lesser cross-sectional area of the anterior side than a cross-sectional area of the surgeon facing side; b) a first trapezoidal surface formed by the anterior side, the surgeon facing side and a first two margins extending between the anterior side and the surgeon facing side; the first trapezoidal surface comprising a first aperture therein; and c) a second trapezoidal surface opposed from the first trapezoidal surface; the second trapezoidal surface formed by the anterior side, the surgeon facing side and a second two margins extending between the anterior side and the surgeon facing side; the second trapezoidal surface comprising a second aperture therein.

19. The biocompatible construction of claim 18 comprising one or more connectors positioned on the surgeon facing side, wherein each connector is connectable to an insertion instrument.

20. The biocompatible construction of claim 19, wherein one or more surfaces of the biocompatible construction comprise surface treatments.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of the joint implant (100) utilized in the present system.

(2) FIG. 2 is a frontal view of plate (210) seated in cross-sectional area (120) of surgeon facing side (104) of implant (100).

(3) FIG. 3 is a top view of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(4) FIG. 4 is a frontal view cross-section of implant (100) along section A-A as seen from the posterior side (104).

(5) FIG. 5 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(6) FIG. 6 is a frontal view of a preferred embodiment of cutter (260F) shown in FIG. 5 as seen from the anterior side of implant (100).

(7) FIG. 7 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of cutting edge (300) of implant (100).

(8) FIG. 8 is a lateral view as seen from side (108B) with lateral sides (108A-D) of implant (100) cut away.

(9) FIG. 9 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(10) FIG. 10 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(11) FIG. 11 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) are capable of being rotated 360 degrees about longitudinal axis X-X.

(12) FIG. 12 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) are capable of being rotated 360 degrees about longitudinal axis X-X.

(13) FIG. 13 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) extend beyond opening (110).

(14) FIG. 14 is a top planar view of section B-B of FIG. 13, where cutters (260F, 260S) of implant (100) do not extend beyond opening (110).

(15) FIG. 15 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) extend beyond opening (110).

(16) FIG. 16 is a top planar view of section B-B of FIG. 15, where cutters (260F, 260S) of implant (100) do not extend beyond opening (110).

(17) FIG. 17 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(18) FIG. 18 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100).

(19) FIG. 19 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes barbs.

(20) FIG. 20 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes surface treatments.

(21) FIG. 21 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of joint implant (100).

(22) FIG. 22 is a perspective of another preferred embodiment of joint implant (100) without the polyaxial adapter (480).

(23) FIG. 23 is a perspective of another preferred embodiment of joint implant (100).

(24) FIG. 24 is a perspective of another preferred embodiment of joint implant (100) that includes surface treatments.

(25) FIG. 25 is a perspective of another preferred embodiment of joint implant (100) that includes surface treatments.

(26) FIG. 26 is a perspective of the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing second trapezoidal surface (460).

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(27) Although the disclosure hereof is detailed to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the embodiments published herein merely exemplify the present invention. As used herein, with respect to the joint implant or biocompatible construction: 1) “anterior” of the joint implant means the side of the implant most distant from the surgeon and 2) “posterior or surgeon-facing side” of the joint implant means the side of the implant nearest the surgeon.

(28) In the most general sense, the present invention is a joint arthrodesis system where an implant is surgically inserted into or across a joint space. The current implant can be useful for surgeries that can assist in stabilizing injured, deformed and or degenerative joints. Preferred embodiments of the current invention can be employed with ankle, cervical, hand, sacroiliac or other orthopaedic procedures. It appears that the present biocompatible construction is particularly useful for posterior cervical fusions and sacroiliac joint fusions. However, the current invention can also be used to fuse the tibia to the talus, the talus to the calcaneus, and metacarpals to the phalanges.

(29) Preferred embodiments of the current joint implants can be manufactured of titanium alloys, stainless steel, non-resorbable polymers or any other composition acceptable in the art. Meeting a long felt but unfilled need in the orthopaedic surgical arts, the novel and unique structures of the present implant allow the surgical team to, among other things, simplify previous procedures.

(30) The present invention has a cutting edge and a rotatable cutter including one or more blades. The cutting edge of the implant's biocompatible composition is capable of dissecting through adipose, muscle and/or joint capsule tissues. The rotatable cutter of the implant is capable of cutting cartilage and bone and can be associated with the creation of the surgical cavity. Further, the rotatable cutter can morselize bone in preparation for fusion. The combination of the cutting edge(s) and rotatable cutter of the current joint implant meet long felt but unfilled needs in the orthopedic surgical arts: among other things, these novel and unique structures allow the surgeon to simplify the previous operating procedures utilized for posterior cervical, sacroiliac, and other joint fusions.

(31) Devices that insert biocompatible, osteogenic and/or other substances into the interior volume of the implant can be used with the present invention. The current joint implant is also compatible with flexible drills, fiber optics, vacuums, one or more cannulas and one or more devices for inserting the joint implant. Combinations of one or more of the before identified ancillary devices and the current joint implant can assist with the creation and healing of the surgical wound.

(32) Openings of the current joint implant increase the probability of the osteogenic materials and/or arthrodesis accelerating substances procuring a blood supply. And it is believed that increasing the blood supply to the osteogenic materials held by the joint implant or implant increases the probability of successful fusion. Introduction of osteogenic and other substances into the implant can hasten the healing of the surgical wound.

(33) Openings of the current joint implant increase the probability of the osteogenic materials and/or arthrodesis accelerating substances procuring a blood supply. And it is believed that increasing the blood supply to the osteogenic materials held by the joint implant or implant increases the probability of successful fusion. Introduction of osteogenic and other biocompatible substances into the implant can hasten the healing of the surgical wound.

(34) FIG. 1 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of the joint implant (100) utilized in the present system. Joint implant or implant (100) has a framework that includes an anterior side (102), surgeon facing or posterior side (104) and a plurality of sides (108A-D). Sides (108A-D) are provided with opening (110) that, among other things, allows the implant's blades to rotate. When surgical parameters require, osteogenic and/or other biocompatible substances can also be placed into the internal volume of implant (100).

(35) With respect to this application, the longitudinal axis of joint implant (100) is measured along axis X-X. Axis X-X can correspond with shaft (240) or in some preferred embodiments shaft (240) can be offset from axis X-X. Width of implant (100) is measured along axis Y-Y or an axis parallel to axis Y-Y shown in FIG. 1. Height of joint implant is measured along axis Z-Z or an axis parallel to axis Z-Z of the joint implant's framework.

(36) Within the scope of the current invention, select embodiments of implant (100) have a length greater than a width. In select preferred embodiments, the width of implant (100) is greater than the height of implant (100). In other preferred embodiments of implant (100), the height of implant (100) is greater than the width of implant (100). The inward sides of anterior side (102), posterior side (104) and sides (108A-D) facing longitudinal axis X-X create an available inner volume of implant (100) which can receive osteogenic as well as other substances.

(37) Sides (108A-108D) are positioned outward from joint implant's (100) longitudinal axis X-X. Select preferred embodiments of implant (100) are provided with a cross-section distant from anterior side (102) that has a greater cross-sectional area than the anterior side (102). As disclosed herein, cross-sections are determined perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X-X of the implant's framework. Anterior side (102) of implant (100) is provided with cutting edge (300) as will be more specifically enabled below. In some preferred embodiments, cutting edge (300) can be integral with anterior side (102) of joint implant (100). Attached to shaft (240) are arms (262F, 262S) supporting cutters (260F, 260S). Although as shown in FIG. 1, cutters (260F, 260S) are supported by two arms (262F, 262S), in select preferred embodiments, cutters (260F, 260S) can be supported by a single arm (262F, 262S). Additionally, some preferred embodiments of cutters (260F, 260S) can be provided with one or more sharp edges (264F, 264S) that can assist cutters (260F, 260S) with the remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material.

(38) Posterior side (104) of implant (100) includes cross-sectional area (120). Preferred embodiments of joint implant (100) can be provided with plate (210) where at least a portion the plate (210) is perpendicular to longitudinal axis X-X. Plate (210) is seated within cross-sectional area (120) of surgeon facing side (104) and affixed to implant (100). Preferred embodiments of plate (210) are provided with one or more apertures (220) that can be utilized with one or more tools associated with the surgery.

(39) FIG. 2 is a frontal view of plate (210) seated in cross-sectional area (120) of surgeon facing side (104) of implant (100). As shown, cross-sectional area is provided with a plurality of openings (220).

(40) FIG. 3 is a top view of implant (100), where implant is shown in its subcutaneous surgical wound creation mode. Shaft (240) is connected with anterior end (102) and posterior side (104) in any manner acceptable in the art. Proximate shaft (240) is opening (110) and sides (108A-108D). First arms (262F) attach first cutter (260F) to shaft (240). Second arms (262S) attach second cutter (260S) to shaft (240). Cutters (260F and 260S) can be provided with blades that cut in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions when shaft (240) is rotated. Side (108B) is provided with recess (266F) capable of receiving cutter (260F). Side (108D) is provided with recess (266S) capable of receiving cutter (260S). As shown in FIG. 3, recess (266F) is located on the superior side of lengthwise side (108B) and recess (266S) is positioned on the inferior side of side (108D).

(41) FIG. 4 is a frontal view cross-section of implant (100) along section A-A as seen from the posterior side (104). Cutter (260F) is received in recess (266F) of lateral side (108B) and arms (262F) attach cutter (260F) to shaft (240). Cutter (260S) is received in recess (266S) of lateral side (108D) and arms (262S) attach cutter (260S) to shaft (240). Within the scope of the current invention, cutters (260F, 260S) can be supported by a single arm (262F, 262S). And when surgical parameters require, implant (100) is engineered with only a single cutter (260F).

(42) FIG. 5 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100). Shaft (240) extends from cutting edge (300) toward surgeon facing side (104) of implant (100). As shown in FIG. 5, shaft (240) has rotatable arms (262F, 262S) carrying cutters (260F, 260S) such that rotation of shaft (240) extends cutter (260F) beyond lateral side (108C) and cutter (260S) beyond lateral side (108A) of implant (100).

(43) FIG. 6 is a frontal view of a preferred embodiment of cutter (260F) shown in FIG. 5 as seen from the anterior side of implant (100). Cutter (260F) is provided with first and second cutting blades (268F, 268S) that allow cutter (260F) to cut in both the clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Depending on engineering parameters cutters (260F, 260S) can be equipped with one or more cutting blades. Along with the cutting function of cutters (260F, 260S), near the conclusion of the surgical procedure, cutting blades (268F, 268S) can be rotated to cut into bone so that cutters (260F, 260S) further anchor the implant (100) within the joint space.

(44) FIG. 7 is a perspective of cutting edge (300) of implant (100). Cutting edge (300) can be integral with implant (100) or cutting edge (300) can be manufactured as an interchangeable fitting for implant (100). Within the ambit of the current joint arthrodesis system, cutting edges (300) are capable of dissecting through adipose, muscle and/or joint capsule tissues.

(45) FIG. 8 is a lateral view as seen from side (108B) with sides (108A-D) of implant (100) cut away. Plate (210) includes aperture (220) capable of receiving hand tool (360). Hand tool (360) includes handle (362) and stem (364) that extends from handle (362). Shaft (240) includes receptacle (244) for reciprocating with stem (364) of hand tool (360). Interaction between stem (364) and receptacle (244) allows hand tool (360) to rotate cutters (260F, 260S) in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions. In select preferred embodiments receptacle (244) can extend the entire length of (240) for allowing ingress and egress of surgical appliances and instruments from the surgical field, e.g., wires, cannulas, vacuum tubes, fiber optics, etc.

(46) FIG. 9 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that depicts cutting edge (300), rotatable cutters (260F, 260S) and opening (110) of implant (100). As shown, barbs (280) extend away from surfaces of lengthwise sides (108B, 108C, 108D). It is believed that barbs (280) can assist in deterring movement of implant (100) within the joint space.

(47) FIG. 10 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that depicts cutting edge (300), rotatable cutters (260F, 260S) and opening (110) of implant (100). In the FIG. 10 embodiment, surfaces of sides (108B, 108C, 108D) are provided with micropores (290) of various volumes. It is believed that surface micropores (290) can assist with long term fixation of the implant by allowing more bone ingrowth into the implant. In accordance with the FIG. 10 preferred embodiment of spinal implant (100), micropores (290) are generated by surface treatments to at least a portion of surfaces of sides (108B, 108C, 108D). Micropores (290) can be created by abrasive, chemical or laser means.

(48) FIG. 11 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) are capable of being rotated 360 degrees about longitudinal axis X-X.

(49) FIG. 12 is another perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) where cutters (260F, 260S) are capable of being rotated 360 degrees about longitudinal axis X-X.

(50) As measured along longitudinal axis X-X of implant's (100) framework, preferred embodiments are provided with cutting edge (300) that can be up to about 3 millimeters in length. The length of implant (100), including cutting edge (300) can be from about 6 millimeters to about 50 millimeters. Cross-sectional widths of cutting edge (300) can range from about 2 millimeters.sup.2 to about 18 millimeters.sup.2. Cross-sectional widths of implant (100), other than cutting edge (300) can range from about 8 millimeters.sup.2 to about 45 millimeters.sup.2.

(51) With reference to FIGS. 13 and 14, a preferred embodiment of implant (100) is enabled. Implant (100) is provided with a biocompatible construction including a longitudinal axis X-X that can be measured in a coexisting or parallel direction of a longest dimension of the biocompatible construction. In selected preferred embodiments, when engineering parameters require, longitudinal axis X-X can be offset from center. Superior opening (110) and opposed inferior opening (not shown in FIG. 13) are positioned outward from implant's longitudinal axis X-X.

(52) Implant (100) includes anterior side (102), posterior or surgeon facing side (104) and lateral sides (108B, 108D) extending between anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104). Anterior side (102) of implant (100) is provided with cutting edge (300) on the outward face of anterior side (102) and socket (330) on the inward face of anterior side (102). Surgeon facing side (104) is provided with a bearing (180) and at least one connector (390) adapted to engage an insertion device (400). In the FIGS. 13 and 14 preferred embodiment of implant (100), surgeon facing side (104) is provided with gaps (182F, 182S) creating pathway (190) through bearing (180) of posterior side (104).

(53) As shown, rotatable shaft (240) extends along longitudinal axis X-X from anterior socket (330) through bearing (180). However, in other preferred embodiments, rotatable shaft (240) can contact bearing (180) without extending through bearing (180). Arms (262F, 262S) are connected to rotatable shaft (240) and support cutters (260F, 260S). Blades (268F, 268S) associated with cutters (260F, 260S) are adapted to cut when rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction when shaft (240) is rotated. Sharp edges (264F, 264S) of arms (262F, 262S) can be adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material. Tool (360) can be used to rotate shaft (240). In select preferred embodiments anterior side (102) is of lesser cross-sectional area than surgeon facing side (104).

(54) Regarding the preferred embodiment of the current implant enabled in FIGS. 13 and 2, when surgical conditions require shaft (240) can be moved longitudinally along axis X-X and shaft (240) can be detached/reattached from socket (330). When medically required, rotation of shaft (240) positions arms (262F, 262S) such that shaft (240) can be detached from socket (330) and arms (262F, 262S) can be pulled through pathway (190).

(55) With a view toward to FIGS. 13 and 14 and within the scope of the current invention, preferred embodiments of joint implant (100) can have a length greater than a width. In select preferred embodiments, the width of joint implant (100) is greater than the height of joint implant (100). In other preferred embodiments of joint implant (100), the height of implant (100) is greater than the width of joint implant (100). The inward sides of anterior side (102), posterior side (104) and lengthwise sides (108B and 108D) facing longitudinal axis X-X create an available inner volume of implant (100) which can receive osteogenic as well as other substances.

(56) As measured along longitudinal axis X-X of implant's (100) biocompatible construction, preferred embodiments are provided with cutting edge (300) that can be up to about 3 millimeters in length. The length of implant (100), including cutting edge (300) can be from about 6 millimeters to about 50 millimeters. Cross-sectional widths of cutting edge (300) can range from about 2 millimeters.sup.2 to about 18 millimeters.sup.2. Cross-sectional widths of implant (100), other than cutting edge (300) can range from about 8 millimeters.sup.2 to about 45 millimeters.sup.2.

(57) With respect to this application and in view FIGS. 13 and 14, the longitudinal axis of joint implant (100) is measured along axis X-X. Axis X-X can correspond with shaft (240) or in some preferred embodiments, shaft (240) can be offset from axis X-X. Width of implant (100) is measured along axis Y-Y or an axis parallel to axis Y-Y shown in FIG. 13. Height of joint implant is measured along axis Z-Z or an axis parallel to axis Z-Z of the joint implant's biocompatible construction.

(58) FIG. 15 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes barbs.

(59) FIG. 16 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes surface treatments.

(60) With reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, a preferred embodiment of implant (100) is enabled. Implant (100) is provided with a biocompatible construction including a longitudinal axis X-X that can be measured in a coexisting or parallel direction of a longest dimension of the biocompatible construction. In selected preferred embodiments, when engineering parameters require, longitudinal axis X-X can be offset from center.

(61) Implant (100) is provided with first trapezoidal surface (450) and opposed trapezoidal surface (460). First trapezoidal surface (450) includes aperture (452) and two margins (454, 456) of equal length. Second trapezoidal surface (460) includes aperture (462) and two margins (464, 466) of equal length. Implant (100) also includes anterior side (102), posterior or surgeon facing side (104) and lateral sides (108B, 108D) extending between anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104). Anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104) extend between first trapezoidal surface (450) and second trapezoidal surface (460). Anterior side (102) of implant (100) is provided with cutting edge (300) on the outward face of anterior side (102).

(62) Orifice (470) extends through cutting edge (300) and anterior side (102). Among other things, orifice (470) allows access of a guide wire (not shown in FIGS. 17-18) when medically required. Other preferred embodiments of the current invention do not include orifice (470). Surgeon facing side (104) is provided with a bearing (180) and at least one connector (390) adapted to engage an insertion device (not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18).

(63) As shown, rotatable shaft (240) extends along longitudinal axis X-X from orifice (470) into bearing (180). However, in other preferred embodiments, rotatable shaft (240) can contact bearing (180) and extend through bearing (180).

(64) Rotatable shaft (240) includes conduit (242) extending through the length of shaft (240). Conduit (242) is defined by the inward face (246) of shaft's (240) cylindrical wall (244). One or more windows (248) are positioned in cylindrical wall (240). Each window (248) is adapted to expose conduit (242) the surgical created cavity external from joint implant (100). Conduit (242) can carry one or more substances that diffuse through windows (240) into the surround surgically created cavity (not shown in FIGS. 17 and 18).

(65) Arms (262F, 262S) are connected to rotatable shaft (240) and support cutters (260F, 260S). Blades (268F, 268S) associated with cutters (260F, 260S) are adapted to cut when rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction when shaft (240) is rotated. Sharp edges (264F, 264S) of arms (262F, 262S) can be adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material. Tool (360) as shown in FIG. 14 can be used to rotate shaft (240). In select preferred embodiments anterior side (102) is of lesser cross-sectional area than surgeon facing side (104).

(66) With a view toward to FIGS. 17 and 18 and within the scope of the current invention, preferred embodiments of joint implant (100) can have a length greater than a width. In select preferred embodiments, the width of joint implant (100) is greater than the height of joint implant (100). In other preferred embodiments of joint implant (100), the height of implant (100) is greater than the width of joint implant (100). The inward sides of anterior side (102), posterior side (104) and margins (454, 456, 464, 466) facing longitudinal axis X-X create an available inner volume of implant (100) which can receive osteogenic as well as other substances.

(67) As measured along longitudinal axis X-X of implant's (100) biocompatible construction, preferred embodiments are provided with cutting edge (300) that can be up to about 3 millimeters in length. The length of implant (100), including cutting edge (300) can be from about 6 millimeters to about 50 millimeters. Cross-sectional widths of cutting edge (300) can range from about 2 millimeters.sup.2 to about 18 millimeters.sup.2. Cross-sectional widths of implant (100), other than cutting edge (300) can range from about 8 millimeters.sup.2 to about 45 millimeters.sup.2.

(68) With respect to this application and in view FIGS. 17 and 18, the longitudinal axis of joint implant (100) is measured along axis X-X. Axis X-X can correspond with shaft (240) or in some preferred embodiments, shaft (240) can be offset from axis X-X. Width of implant (100) is measured along axis Y-Y or an axis parallel to axis Y-Y shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. Height of joint implant is measured along axis Z-Z or an axis parallel to axis Z-Z of the joint implant's biocompatible construction.

(69) FIG. 19 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes barbs.

(70) FIG. 20 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes surface treatments.

(71) Within the scope of the current invention, surface treatments can include barbs (280), micropores (290) or metal or abrasive particles incorporated into or onto the biocompatible composition.

(72) With reference to FIGS. 21 and 22, a preferred embodiment of implant (100) is enabled. Implant (100) is provided with a biocompatible construction including a centralized axis X-X. In select preferred embodiments, centralized axis X-X is a longitudinal axis X-X that can be measured in a coexisting or parallel direction of a longest dimension of the biocompatible construction. In selected preferred embodiments, when engineering parameters require, centralized axis X-X can be offset from center. First lateral opening (110) and opposed second opening (not shown in FIG. 21) are positioned outward from implant's longitudinal axis X-X.

(73) Biocompatible construction (100) includes anterior side (102), posterior or surgeon facing side (104) and lateral sides (108B, 108D) extending between anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104). Anterior side (102) of implant (100) is provided with cutting edge (300) on the outward face of anterior side (102) and orifice (470) extending through anterior side (102). Surgeon facing side (104) is provided with a bearing (180) and at least one connector (390) adapted to engage an insertion instrument (not shown). In the FIGS. 21 and 22 preferred embodiment of implant (100), biocompatible construction has polyaxial adapter (480) attached to rotatable shaft (240). Polyaxial adapter (480) is connectable to a device (not shown) for rotating rotatable shaft (240).

(74) As shown, rotatable shaft (240) extends along centralized axis X-X from anterior orifice (470) and into bearing (180). Arms (262F, 262S) are connected to rotatable shaft (240) and support cutters (260F, 260S). Blades (268F, 268S) associated with cutters (260F, 260S) are adapted to cut when rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction when shaft (240) is rotated. Sharp edges (264F, 264S) of arms (262F, 262S) can be adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material. Any device (not shown), acceptable in the art, can be used to rotate shaft (240). In select preferred embodiments anterior side (102) is of lesser cross-sectional area than surgeon facing side (104).

(75) With a view toward to FIGS. 21 and 22 and within the scope of the current invention, preferred embodiments of joint implant (100) can have a length greater than a width. In select preferred embodiments, the width of joint implant or biocompatible construction (100) is greater than the height of joint implant (100). In other preferred embodiments of joint implant (100), the height of implant (100) is greater than the width of joint implant (100). In still other preferred embodiments of joint (100), the width is greater than the length. The inward sides of anterior side (102), posterior side (104) and lengthwise sides (108B and 108D) facing longitudinal axis X-X create an available inner volume of implant (100) which can receive osteogenic as well as other substances.

(76) Preferred embodiments of biocompatible construction can be provided with cutting edge (300) that can be up to about 30 millimeters in length. The length of implant (100), including cutting edge (300) can be from about 6 millimeters to about 50 millimeters. Cross-sectional widths of cutting edge (300) can range from about 12 millimeters.sup.2 to about 200 millimeters.sup.2. Cross-sectional widths of implant (100), other than cutting edge (300) can range from about 16 millimeters.sup.2 to about 320 millimeters.sup.2.

(77) As shown in FIG. 23, select preferred embodiments of biocompatible construction (100) have measurements associated with axis Y-Y that are greater than measurements of biocompatible construction (100) associated with centralized axis X-X. With respect to FIG. 23, reference numbers are consistent with the reference numbers used for FIGS. 21, 22, 24 and 25.

(78) FIG. 24 is a perspective of a preferred embodiment of joint implant (100) that includes barbs (280).

(79) FIG. 25 is a perspective of the preferred embodiment of implant (100) that includes surface treatments (280).

(80) FIG. 26 is a perspective of the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 21 and 22 showing second trapezoidal surface (460).

(81) Within the scope of the current invention, surface treatments (280) can be created by abrasive devices, chemical, laser, metal or abrasive particles incorporated into or onto the biocompatible composition or by other means acceptable in the art.

(82) With reference to FIGS. 21, 22, 24-26, a preferred embodiment of implant (100) is enabled. Implant (100) is provided with a biocompatible construction including a longitudinal axis X-X that can be measured in a coexisting or parallel direction of a longest dimension of the biocompatible construction. In selected preferred embodiments, when engineering parameters require, longitudinal axis X-X can be offset from center.

(83) Implant (100) is provided with first trapezoidal surface (450) and opposed trapezoidal surface (460). First trapezoidal surface (450) includes aperture (452) and two margins (454, 456) of equal length. Second trapezoidal surface (460) includes aperture (462) and two margins (464, 466) of equal length. Implant (100) also includes anterior side (102), posterior or surgeon facing side (104) and lateral sides (108B, 108D) extending between anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104). Anterior side (102) and surgeon facing side (104) extend between first trapezoidal surface (450) and second trapezoidal surface (460). Anterior side (102) of implant (100) is provided with cutting edge (300) on the outward face of anterior side (102).

(84) Orifice (470) extends through cutting edge (300) and anterior side (102). Among other things, orifice (470) allows access of a guide wire (not shown in FIGS. 24-25) when medically required. Other preferred embodiments of the current invention do not include orifice (470). Surgeon facing side (104) is provided with a bearing (180) and at least one connector (390) adapted to engage an insertion device (not shown in FIGS. 21, 22, 24 and 25).

(85) As shown, rotatable shaft (240) extends along longitudinal axis X-X from orifice (470) into bearing (180). However, in other preferred embodiments, rotatable shaft (240) can contact bearing (180) and extend through bearing (180).

(86) Rotatable shaft (240) includes conduit (242) extending through the length of shaft (240). Conduit (242) is defined by the inward face (246) of shaft's (240) cylindrical wall (244). One or more windows (248) are positioned in cylindrical wall (244) of rotatable shaft (240). Each window (248) is adapted to expose conduit (242) to the surgical created cavity external from biocompatible construction (100). Conduit (242) can carry one or more substances that diffuse through windows (248) into the surrounding surgically created cavity.

(87) Arms (262F, 262S) are connected to rotatable shaft (240) and support cutters (260F, 260S). Blades (268F, 268S) associated with cutters (260F, 260S) are adapted to cut when rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction when shaft (240) is rotated. Sharp edges (264F, 264S) of arms (262F, 262S) can be adapted to remove cartilage, expose subcortical bone and/or morselize graft material. In select preferred embodiments anterior side (102) is of lesser cross-sectional area than surgeon facing side (104).

(88) Within the scope of the current invention, preferred embodiments of joint implant (100) can have a length greater than a width. In select preferred embodiments, the width of joint implant (100) is greater than the height of joint implant (100). In other preferred embodiments of joint implant (100), the height of implant (100) is greater than the width of joint implant (100). The inward sides of anterior side (102), posterior side (104) and margins (454, 456, 464, 466) facing longitudinal axis X-X create an available inner volume of implant (100) which can receive osteogenic as well as other substances.

(89) Select preferred embodiments of the current invention have been disclosed and enabled as required by Title 35 of the United States Code.