Overvoltage protection apparatus and method

Abstract

An overvoltage protection apparatus and method. The overvoltage protection apparatus includes: a determining unit, having an input end connected to an input end of the apparatus and an output end connected to an input end of a soft-start unit, and configured to determine whether an input voltage at the input end of the apparatus exceeds a preset protection voltage; and the soft-start unit, having an input end connected to the input end of the apparatus and an output end connected to an output end of the apparatus, where if the determining unit determines that the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage and remains stable in a preset delay time, the soft-start unit delivers the input voltage to the output end of the apparatus; and otherwise, the soft-start unit does not deliver a voltage signal to the output end of the apparatus.

Claims

1. An overvoltage protection apparatus comprising: an apparatus input; an apparatus output; a first transistor comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the apparatus input; a second transistor comprising a fourth terminal, a fifth terminal, and a sixth terminal, wherein the sixth terminal is directly coupled to the second terminal, the fourth terminal is coupled to the apparatus input, and the fifth terminal is coupled to the apparatus output; a Zener diode comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is coupled to the third terminal and the positive electrode is coupled to a ground; a first resistor located between the first terminal and the third terminal; a second resistor located between the sixth terminal and the positive electrode; and a capacitor located between the second terminal, the fourth terminal, and the sixth terminal, wherein the capacitor is connected to the sixth terminal at a node such that the second resistor is located between the node and the ground, wherein the capacitor and the second resistor are configured to delay turning on the second transistor when an input voltage is increasing and does not exceed a preset protection voltage, and wherein the first transistor and the Zener diode are configured not to turn on the second transistor when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

2. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first transistor is disconnected when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage, and wherein the second transistor is conducted when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage and after the input voltage remains stable for a preset delay time.

3. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first transistor is conducted when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

4. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the preset protection voltage depends on a sum of a Zener voltage of the Zener diode and a threshold voltage of the first transistor.

5. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS) transistors, wherein the first terminal and the fourth terminal are sources, wherein the second terminal and the fifth terminal are drains, and wherein the third terminal and the sixth terminal are gates.

6. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first transistor and the second transistor are bipolar transistors.

7. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first terminal and the fourth terminal are collectors, wherein the second terminal and the fifth terminal are emitters, and wherein the third terminal and the sixth terminal are bases.

8. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein no resistor is located between the sixth terminal and the node.

9. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the negative electrode is directly coupled to the third terminal.

10. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second resistor is directly coupled to the sixth terminal.

11. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the capacitor is directly coupled to the sixth terminal.

12. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the overvoltage protection apparatus comprises no diode in parallel with the capacitor and the first transistor.

13. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the capacitor is directly coupled to the second terminal.

14. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the capacitor is the only capacitor in the overvoltage protection apparatus.

15. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 1, wherein the overvoltage protection apparatus comprises no capacitor between the fifth terminal and the apparatus output.

16. An overvoltage protection apparatus comprising: an apparatus input; an apparatus output; a first transistor comprising a first transistor source, a first transistor drain, and a first transistor gate, wherein the first transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input; a second transistor comprising a second transistor source, a second transistor drain, and a second transistor gate, wherein the second transistor gate is coupled to the first transistor drain, the second transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input, and the second transistor drain is coupled to the apparatus output; a voltage regulator circuit comprising a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is directly coupled to the first transistor gate and the second end is coupled to a ground; a first resistor located between the first transistor source and the first transistor gate; a second resistor located between the second transistor gate and the second end; and a capacitor located between the first transistor drain, the second transistor source, and the second transistor gate, wherein the capacitor is connected to the second transistor gate at a node such that the second resistor is located between the node and the ground, wherein the capacitor and the second resistor are configured to delay turning on the second transistor when an input voltage is increasing and does not exceed a preset protection voltage, and wherein the first transistor and the voltage regulator circuit are configured not to turn on the second transistor when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

17. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first transistor is disconnected when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage, and wherein the second transistor is conducted when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage and after the input voltage remains stable for a preset delay time.

18. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first transistor is conducted when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

19. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 16, wherein the preset protection voltage depends on a sum of a regulator voltage of the voltage regulator circuit and a threshold voltage of the first transistor.

20. The overvoltage protection apparatus of claim 16, wherein the voltage regulator circuit is an active voltage regulator circuit or a passive voltage regulator circuit.

21. A device comprising: an overvoltage protection apparatus comprising: an apparatus input; an apparatus output; a first transistor comprising a first transistor source, a first transistor drain, and a first transistor gate, wherein the first transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input; a second transistor comprising a second transistor source, a second transistor drain, and a second transistor gate, wherein the second transistor gate is coupled to the first transistor drain, the second transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input, and the second transistor drain is coupled to the apparatus output; a Zener diode comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is coupled to the first transistor gate and the positive electrode is coupled to a ground; a first resistor located between the first transistor source and the first transistor gate; a second resistor directly coupled to the second transistor gate and coupled to the positive electrode; and a capacitor located between the first transistor drain, the second transistor source, and the second transistor gate, wherein the capacitor is connected to the second transistor gate at a node such that the second resistor is located between the node and the ground, wherein the capacitor and the second resistor are configured to delay turning on the second transistor when an input voltage is increasing and does not exceed a preset protection voltage, and wherein the first transistor and the Zener diode are configured not to turn on the second transistor when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein the first transistor is disconnected when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage, and wherein the second transistor is conducted when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage and after the input voltage remains stable for a preset delay time.

23. The device of claim 21, wherein the first transistor is conducted when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

24. The device of claim 21, wherein the preset protection voltage depends on a sum of a Zener voltage of the Zener diode and a threshold voltage of the first transistor.

25. A device comprising: an overvoltage protection apparatus comprising: an apparatus input; an apparatus output; a first transistor comprising a first transistor source, a first transistor drain, and a first transistor gate, wherein the first transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input; a second transistor comprising a second transistor source, a second transistor drain, and a second transistor gate, wherein the second transistor gate is coupled to the first transistor drain, the second transistor source is coupled to the apparatus input, and the second transistor drain is coupled to the apparatus output; a voltage regulator circuit comprising a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is coupled to the first transistor gate and the second end is coupled to a ground; a first resistor located between the first transistor source and the first transistor gate; a second resistor located between the second transistor gate and the second end; and a capacitor coupled to the first transistor drain, coupled to the second transistor source, and directly coupled to the second transistor gate, wherein the capacitor is connected to the second transistor gate at a node such that the second resistor is located between the node and the ground, wherein the capacitor and the second resistor are configured to delay turning on the second transistor when an input voltage is increasing and does not exceed a preset protection voltage, and wherein the first transistor and the voltage regulator circuit are configured not to turn on the second transistor when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

26. The device of claim 25, wherein the first transistor is disconnected when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage, and wherein the second transistor is conducted when the input voltage does not exceed the preset protection voltage and after the input voltage remains stable for a preset delay time.

27. The device of claim 25, wherein the first transistor is conducted when the input voltage exceeds the preset protection voltage.

28. The device of claim 25, wherein the preset protection voltage depends on a sum of a regulator voltage of the voltage regulator circuit and a threshold voltage of the first transistor.

29. The device of claim 25, wherein the voltage regulator circuit is an active voltage regulator circuit or a passive voltage regulator circuit.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) Accompanying drawings, included in this specification and form a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure together with this specification, and are used to explain the principle of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a structural diagram of an overvoltage protection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a working process of an overvoltage protection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a structural diagram of an overvoltage protection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate schematic diagrams of a PMOS transistor and a Zener diode;

(6) FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate operational timing diagrams of the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment described in FIG. 3 in a normal power supply mode;

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates an operational timing diagram of the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment described in FIG. 3 in a high voltage protection mode; and

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates an operational timing diagram of the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment described in FIG. 3 in a sudden high voltage protection mode.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(9) The following will describe various exemplary embodiments, features and aspects of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like signs in the accompanying drawings represent elements with like or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, the accompanying drawings are not necessarily drawn in proportion unless otherwise specified.

(10) Herein, the dedicated word “exemplary” means serving as an example, embodiment or illustrative. Any embodiment described as being “exemplary” herein is not necessarily explained as being superior to or better than other embodiments.

(11) In addition, for better description of the present disclosure, various specific details are given in the following specific implementation manner. A person skilled in the art should understand that the present disclosure may also be implemented without these specific details. In some other embodiments, well-known methods, means, elements and circuits are not described in detail in order to highlight the main idea of the present disclosure.

(12) FIG. 1 illustrates a structural diagram of an overvoltage protection apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection apparatus includes a determining unit 101 and a soft-start unit 102.

(13) The determining unit 101 has a first input end P.sub.in1 and a first output end P.sub.out1, where the first input end P.sub.in1 connects to an input end P.sub.in of the overvoltage protection apparatus. In a case in which an input voltage V.sub.in at the input end P.sub.in is greater than a protection voltage V.sub.p of the overvoltage protection apparatus 100, the first input end P.sub.in1 is connected to the first output end P.sub.out1. In a case in which the input voltage V.sub.in at the input end P.sub.in is not greater than the protection voltage V.sub.p, the first input end P.sub.in1 is disconnected from the first output end P.sub.out1.

(14) The soft-start unit 102 has a second input end P.sub.in2, a third input end P.sub.in3 and a second output end P.sub.out2, where the second input end P.sub.in2 is electrically connected to the input end P.sub.in of the overvoltage protection apparatus, the third input end P.sub.in3 is electrically connected to the first output end P.sub.out1, and the second output end P.sub.out2 is electrically connected to an output end P.sub.out of the overvoltage protection apparatus 100. In a case in which the input voltage V.sub.in at the input end P.sub.in is greater than the protection voltage V.sub.p, that is, the first input end P.sub.in1 is connected to the first output end P.sub.out1, the second input end P.sub.in2 is disconnected from the second output end P.sub.out2, that is, no voltage signal is delivered to the output end P.sub.out of the overvoltage protection apparatus 100. In a case in which the input voltage V.sub.in at the input end P.sub.in is not greater than the protection voltage V.sub.p, that is, the first input end P.sub.in1 is disconnected from the first output end P.sub.out1, the second input end P.sub.in2 is connected to the second output end P.sub.out2 after the input voltage V.sub.in stabilizes for a preset delay time in order to deliver the input voltage V.sub.in to the output end P.sub.out of the overvoltage protection apparatus 100.

(15) The input end P.sub.in of the overvoltage protection apparatus is configured to connect to an external adapter, and the output end P.sub.out is configured to connect to a device to be powered. Preferably, the protection voltage V.sub.p of the overvoltage protection apparatus is a highest power source voltage that can be borne by the device connected to the overvoltage protection apparatus.

(16) The determining unit 101 is configured to determine whether the input voltage V.sub.in exceeds the protection voltage V.sub.p. The soft-start unit 102, on one hand, delivers the input voltage at the output end (that is, to the device) only when the input voltage V.sub.in does not exceed the protection voltage and an overvoltage exceeding the protection voltage does not exist in a delay time in order to avoid supplying power by mistake during a process in which a supply voltage of an adapter rises; on the other hand, after the input voltage exceeds the protection voltage, the unit performs overvoltage protection by immediately stopping delivering a voltage signal to the output end, and ensures that the unit is conducted for power supply again only when the power source voltage is always lower than the protection voltage within a period of time. The delayed recovery helps to avoid repeated turning on and off caused by critical high voltage fluctuation.

(17) FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of a working process of an overvoltage protection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

(18) In step S201, a determining unit determines whether an input voltage V.sub.in is greater than a protection voltage V.sub.p; if yes, the working process proceeds with step S202; if not, the working process proceeds with step S203.

(19) In step S202, the overvoltage protection apparatus does not supply power to a device to be powered, and the working process returns to step S201;

(20) In step S203, if the input voltage V.sub.in is stable in a preset delay time, the overvoltage protection apparatus starts to supply power to the device, and the working process returns to step S201.

(21) FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an overvoltage protection apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the overvoltage protection apparatus includes: a first transistor Q.sub.1 having a source connected to an input end P.sub.in of the overvoltage protection apparatus; a second transistor Q.sub.2 having a source connected to the input end P.sub.in of the overvoltage protection apparatus, a gate connected to a drain of the first transistor Q.sub.1, and a drain connected to an output end P.sub.out of the overvoltage protection apparatus; a Zener diode D.sub.1 having a positive electrode connected to a gate of the first transistor Q.sub.1 and a negative electrode connected to a ground terminal; a first resistor R.sub.1, connected between the gate of the second transistor Q.sub.2 and the ground terminal; a second resistor R.sub.2, connected between the source and the gate of the first transistor Q.sub.1; and a capacitor C.sub.1, connected between the source and the gate of the second transistor Q.sub.2.

(22) The second resistor R.sub.2, the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the first transistor Q.sub.1 form the foregoing determining unit 101, and the capacitor C.sub.1, the first resistor R.sub.1 and the second transistor Q.sub.2 form the foregoing soft-start unit 102.

(23) Although in FIG. 3, symbols of PMOS field effect transistors are used to represent the first transistor and the second transistor (Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2), and for simplicity of description, the following uses the PMOS transistor as an example to describe various exemplary embodiments and various working modes of the overvoltage protection apparatus in the embodiment, and it should be understood that the first transistor and the second transistor are not limited to the PMOS transistors, and another type of transistor, such as a bipolar transistor, may be used.

(24) The following will introduce different working modes of the overvoltage protection apparatus of the embodiment; and for ease of understanding, the basic working principles of the PMOS transistor and the Zener diode are first introduced.

(25) FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate schematic diagrams of the PMOS transistor and the Zener diode respectively. For the PMOS transistor in FIG. 4A, when a voltage difference between a source S and a gate G is greater than an inherent turn-on voltage (a threshold voltage) V.sub.th of the PMOS transistor, a drain D and the source S are conducted; and otherwise, the drain D and the source S are disconnected. For the Zener diode in FIG. 4B, when a voltage difference between a positive electrode and a negative electrode exceeds a Zener voltage V.sub.ref of the Zener diode and if a current passing the Zener diode is less than a maximum through current I.sub.max, the voltage difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is forcedly fixed at V.sub.ref.

(26) Normal Power Supply Mode

(27) FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B separately illustrate waveform diagrams of the overvoltage protection apparatus described in FIG. 3 in a normal power supply mode. The normal power supply mode refers to that an input voltage V.sub.in (for example, a voltage provided by an external adapter) of the overvoltage protection apparatus gradually rises from a low voltage and stabilizes at a voltage V.sub.cc, where the voltage V.sub.cc does not exceed a maximum allowable voltage that a device can bear, that is, a preset protection voltage V.sub.P of the overvoltage protection apparatus.

(28) FIG. 5A illustrates a waveform diagram in a normal power supply mode in a case of V.sub.cc<V.sub.ref. At time t.sub.0 shown in FIG. 5A, an adapter is connected to the overvoltage protection apparatus described in the embodiment, where the overvoltage protection apparatus is connected to a device to be powered. After that, in a time period from the time t.sub.0 to time t.sub.1, the voltage V.sub.in at an input end of the overvoltage protection apparatus gradually rises from 0 to the V.sub.cc.

(29) In a process in which the V.sub.in is rising (in the time period from the t.sub.0 to the t.sub.1), both the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the first transistor Q1 are in a disconnected state because V.sub.cc<V.sub.ref, a voltage V.sub.B at a point B in an electric circuit rises to the V.sub.cc synchronously with the voltage V.sub.in at the input end. At the same time, because of the presence of the capacitor C.sub.1, a voltage V.sub.A at a point A in the electric circuit also starts to rise from 0 together with the voltage V.sub.in at the input end. However, due to discharging from the first resistor R.sub.1 to the capacitor C.sub.1 in the process, a rising speed of the voltage V.sub.A at the point A is slightly slower than a rising speed of the voltage V.sub.in at the input end.

(30) From the time t.sub.1, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end reaches the V.sub.cc and remains stable, and at this time, the first resistor R.sub.1 continuously discharges to the capacitor C.sub.1, to make the voltage V.sub.A at the point A start to drop. However, between the time t.sub.1 and time t.sub.2, the voltage at the point A meets V.sub.A>V.sub.cc−V.sub.th2 (the V.sub.th2 is a threshold voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2), and therefore, a gate-source voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2 does not reach the threshold voltage V.sub.th2, and the second transistor Q.sub.2 still remains in a disconnected state.

(31) At the time t.sub.2, the voltage V.sub.A at the point A drops to V.sub.cc−V.sub.th2, the gate-source voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2 reaches the V.sub.th2, the second transistor Q.sub.2 is conducted, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end of the overvoltage protection apparatus is delivered to the output end, and the overvoltage protection apparatus starts to normally supply power to the device to be powered. After the time t.sub.2, the first resistor R.sub.1 continuously discharges to the capacitor C.sub.1 until the voltage V.sub.A at the point A drops to 0.

(32) It may be seen from the foregoing analysis that, in the case of V.sub.cc<V.sub.ref, the overvoltage protection apparatus is in the normal power supply mode, and if the adapter is connected to the overvoltage protection apparatus at the time t.sub.0, the voltage V.sub.out at the output end remains to be 0 in the time period from the time t.sub.0 to time t.sub.2 and is delivered after the time t.sub.2, which is delayed for a time T.sub.1 compared with the time t.sub.1 at which the input voltage V.sub.in reaches the V.sub.cc and starts to remain stable, and is delayed for a time T compared with the time t.sub.0 at which the adapter is connected. A charging and discharging circuit formed by the capacitor C.sub.1 and the first resistor R.sub.1 controls a rate of change of the voltage at the point A, that is, determines the delay time T.sub.1 and the delay time T.

(33) FIG. 5B illustrates a waveform diagram in a normal power supply mode in a case of V.sub.ref≤V.sub.cc≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, where V.sub.th1 is a threshold voltage of the first transistor Q.sub.1. At time t.sub.0 shown in FIG. 5B, an adapter is connected to the overvoltage protection apparatus described in the embodiment. After that, in the time period from the time t.sub.0 to time t.sub.1, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end of the overvoltage protection apparatus gradually rises from 0 to the V.sub.cc.

(34) Because V.sub.ref≤V.sub.cc≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, during a process in which the V.sub.in is rising, in a case of V.sub.in<Vref (the time period from the t.sub.0 to the t.sub.1), both the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the first transistor Q1 are in a disconnected state, a voltage V.sub.B at a point B in an electric circuit rises synchronously with the voltage V.sub.in at the input end. At the same time, because of the presence of the capacitor C.sub.1, a voltage V.sub.A at a point A in the electric circuit also starts to rise from 0 together with the voltage V.sub.in at the input end. However, due to discharging from the first resistor R.sub.1 to the capacitor C.sub.1 in the process, a rising speed of the voltage V.sub.A at the point A is slightly slower than a rising speed of the voltage V.sub.in at the input end.

(35) At the time t.sub.1, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end reaches the V.sub.ref, the Zener diode D.sub.1 starts to remain the Zener voltage V.sub.ref from the time t.sub.1. However, because V.sub.in≤V.sub.cc≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, the first transistor Q.sub.1 still remains in a disconnected state, and the voltage V.sub.A at the point A continuously rises at a rate slower than that of the V.sub.in.

(36) At time t.sub.2, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end reaches the V.sub.cc and remains stable, the first resistor R.sub.1 continuously discharges to the capacitor C.sub.1, to make the voltage V.sub.A at the point A start to drop. However, between the time t.sub.2 and time t.sub.3, the voltage at the point A meets V.sub.A>V.sub.cc−V.sub.th2, and therefore, a gate-source voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2 does not reach the threshold voltage V.sub.th2, and the second transistor Q.sub.2 still remains in a disconnected state.

(37) At the time t.sub.3, the voltage V.sub.A at the point A drops below V.sub.cc−V.sub.th2, the gate-source voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2 reaches the V.sub.th2, the second transistor Q.sub.2 is conducted, the voltage V.sub.in at the input end of the overvoltage protection apparatus is delivered to the output end, and the overvoltage protection apparatus starts to normally supply power to the device. After the time t.sub.3, the first resistor R.sub.1 continuously discharges to the capacitor C.sub.1 until the voltage V.sub.A at the point A drops to 0.

(38) It may be seen from the foregoing analysis that, in the case of V.sub.ref≤V.sub.cc≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, similar to that of the case of V.sub.cc<V.sub.ref, the overvoltage protection apparatus is also in the normal power supply mode. If the adapter is connected to the overvoltage protection apparatus at the time t.sub.0, the voltage V.sub.out at the output end remains to be 0 in the time period from the time t.sub.0 to the time t.sub.3, and is delivered after the time t.sub.3. The time t.sub.3 is delayed for a time T.sub.2 compared with the time t.sub.2 at which the voltage at the input end stabilizes, and is delayed for a time T compared with the time t.sub.0 at which the adapter is connected. A charging and discharging circuit formed by the capacitor C.sub.1 and the first resistor R.sub.1 controls a rate of change of the voltage at the point A, that is, determines the delay time T.sub.2 and the delay time T.

(39) It may be seen from the foregoing analysis that, the overvoltage protection apparatus in the embodiment should meet the condition of V.sub.cc≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1 when working in the normal power supply mode. That is, on the premise that a sum of the Zener voltage V.sub.ref of the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the threshold voltage V.sub.th1 of the first transistor Q.sub.1 does not exceed an allowable voltage of the device to be powered, the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the first transistor Q.sub.1 are properly selected such that the first transistor is disconnected when the input voltage is lower than the protection voltage V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, and the second transistor is conducted after the input voltage reaches a stable state and remains in the stable state for a first delay time. A preset protection voltage V.sub.p of the overvoltage protection apparatus in the embodiment depends on the Zener voltage V.sub.ref of the Zener diode D.sub.1 and the threshold voltage V.sub.th1 of the first transistor Q.sub.1.

(40) High Voltage Protection Mode

(41) FIG. 6 illustrates a waveform diagram of the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment described in FIG. 3, where the overvoltage protection apparatus works in a high voltage protection mode. The high voltage protection mode refers to that an input voltage V.sub.in (for example, a voltage provided by an external adapter) of the overvoltage protection apparatus gradually rises from a low voltage, and stabilizes at a voltage V.sub.dd that is higher than the protection voltage V.sub.p of the overvoltage protection apparatus, that is, V.sub.dd>V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1.

(42) Compared with the normal mode shown in FIG. 5B, the high voltage protection mode is different in that, at the time t.sub.1, when the input voltage V.sub.in rises to the Zener voltage V.sub.ref of the Zener diode D.sub.1, the Zener diode D.sub.1 enters into a regulated state, and the voltage V.sub.B at the point B stabilizes at the V.sub.ref and does not change with the V.sub.in any longer. Subsequently, when the V.sub.in continuously rises and reaches the protection voltage V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1 at the time t.sub.2, the first transistor Q.sub.1 is conducted because the gate-source voltage of the first transistor Q.sub.1 reaches the V.sub.th1, and the input voltage V.sub.in is delivered to the point A such that the voltage at the point A synchronously continues to rise with the input voltage V.sub.in until the time t.sub.3 at which the input voltage V.sub.in reaches and stabilizes at the V.sub.dd. Because a source voltage and a gate voltage of the second transistor Q.sub.2 remain the same, a gate-source voltage difference cannot reach the threshold voltage V.sub.th2 of the second transistor; therefore, the second transistor Q.sub.2 always remains disconnected.

(43) It may be seen from the foregoing analysis that, when the input voltage is higher than the protection voltage of the overvoltage protection apparatus, the first transistor Q.sub.1 is conducted, and the second transistor Q.sub.2 is disconnected. The overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment can ensure that the second transistor Q.sub.2 is disconnected when the input voltage exceeds the protection voltage V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1 of the overvoltage protection apparatus, which results in that the input voltage V.sub.in cannot supply power to the device, thereby achieving an effect of high voltage protection.

(44) Sudden High Voltage Protection Mode

(45) FIG. 7 illustrates a waveform diagram of the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment described in FIG. 3, where the overvoltage protection apparatus works in a sudden high voltage protection mode. The sudden high voltage protection mode refers to that, in a normal working mode, an input voltage suddenly rises to a high voltage that is higher than the protection voltage.

(46) As shown in FIG. 7, from the time t.sub.0 to the time t.sub.1, the input voltage V.sub.in meets V.sub.in≤V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, and therefore, the overvoltage protection apparatus works in a normal power supply mode, and the output voltage meets V.sub.out=V.sub.in. At the time t.sub.1, the input voltage V.sub.in suddenly rises to a voltage higher than V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, and the overvoltage protection apparatus immediately enters into a high voltage protection mode, that is, the first transistor Q.sub.1 is conducted, and the voltage V.sub.A at the point A rises to the V.sub.in, making the second transistor Q.sub.2 become disconnected, and making the output voltage V.sub.out become 0. At the time t.sub.2, the input voltage V.sub.in restores to an allowable range below V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1, and in this case, the first transistor Q.sub.1 is disconnected, and as the first resistor R.sub.1 discharges, the voltage at the point A gradually drops till the time t.sub.3. When the voltage at the point A meets V.sub.A<V.sub.in−V.sub.th2, the second transistor Q2 is conducted, and the overvoltage protection apparatus restores normal power supply.

(47) It may be seen from the foregoing analysis that, the overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment immediately enters into a high voltage protection mode if the input voltage V.sub.in rises to a voltage higher than the protection voltage V.sub.p (that is, V.sub.ref+V.sub.th1) in a normal working mode, making the first transistor conducted and the second transistor disconnected in order to cut off power supply to the device to prevent the device from being damaged; when the input voltage restores to an allowable range (not exceeding the protection voltage), the first transistor is disconnected, and the second transistor is conducted after the input voltage reaches a stable state and remains in the stable state for a delay time T.sub.3 such that the overvoltage protection apparatus restores to the normal working mode. A charging and discharging circuit formed by the capacitor C.sub.1 and the first resistor R.sub.1 controls a rate of change of the voltage at the point A, that is, determines the delay time T.sub.3.

(48) The present disclosure further provides a device having an overvoltage protection apparatus according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, where an input end of the overvoltage protection apparatus is configured to connect to an external adapter, and an output end of the overvoltage protection apparatus is configured to connect to an input end of a power source of the device.

(49) Although the foregoing describes exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, a Zener diode may be replaced by another active or passive voltage regulator circuit or voltage regulator, as long as it can provide a stable reference voltage.

(50) The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementation manners of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. However, the implementation manners of the present disclosure are not limited to this. For example, a Zener diode may be replaced by another active or passive voltage regulator circuit or voltage regulator, as long as it can provide a stable reference voltage.

(51) The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementation manners of the present disclosure, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present disclosure. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.