Abrasive product

Abstract

Provided is a flexible abrasive product (1) comprising a knitted cloth (2) on a first side of the flexible abrasive product (1), grinding agents (50) applied on a second side of the flexible abrasive product (1) facing the first side, and a plurality of loops (71) protruding from the cloth (2) and from the first side, each loop (71) being formed by a pair of bottom-half arcs (76) connected by a protruding head (77) and the loops (71) being arranged in rows extending in the wale direction (W) of the cloth (2), wherein the bottom-half arcs (76) are interlaced in the cloth (2), and the protruding heads (77) of the loops (71) are interconnected with one another outside of the cloth (2) so as to form rows (73) of interconnected loops (71), which rows (73) extend in the wale direction (W) of the cloth (2).

Claims

1. Flexible abrasive product comprising: a knitted cloth on a first side of the flexible abrasive product, the knitted cloth having a wale direction and a course direction; grinding agents applied on a second side of the flexible abrasive product facing the first side; a plurality of loops protruding from the knitted cloth and from the first side, each loop being formed by a pair of bottom-half arcs connected by a protruding head and the loops being arranged in rows extending in the wale direction of the knitted cloth; wherein the bottom-half arcs are interlaced in the knitted cloth, the plurality of loops or protruding heads each span a stitch row in the course direction, and the protruding heads of the loops are interconnected with one another outside of the knitted cloth so as to form rows of interconnected loops, which rows extend in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

2. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the bottom-half arcs of each loop are at least spaced by two stitch rows of the knitted cloth.

3. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the protruding heads alternatingly span one stitch row in the course direction of the knitted cloth.

4. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the protruding heads of the loops are interconnected by being knitted to one another in the wale direction of the knitted cloth by chaining protruding heads which succeed one another in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

5. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the protruding heads are interconnected by threading the protruding head of one loop through the protruding head of another loop which precedes the one loop in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

6. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the protruding head of each loop comprises two leg portions respectively connecting to the bottom half arcs and a top arc connecting the two leg portions, wherein the leg portions extend in a direction away from the knitted cloth and the first side, the top arc is arranged essentially horizontally to the knitted cloth, and the protruding heads of the loops are connected to one another at their top arcs.

7. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the protruding head of each loop has a contour length of 4 mm to 500 mm.

8. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the loops are formed by loop yarns which are interlaced in the knitted cloth.

9. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 8, wherein the loop yarns are man-made or natural fibers comprising flat yarns, texturized yarns, magnetizable, metallic or hydrophilic yarns and/or combinations thereof.

10. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 8, wherein the loop yarns are warp- or weft-knitted into the knitted cloth in the form of an atlas, tricot, pillar, or cord binding or combinations thereof.

11. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 8, wherein the loop yarns are monofilament and/or multifilament yarns and combinations thereof.

12. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the knitted cloth is warp- or weft-knitted in the form of an atlas, tricot or cord binding.

13. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, wherein the knitted cloth further comprises a plurality of regularly arranged openings in the form of through holes.

14. Flexible abrasive product according to claim 1, further comprising a pliable intermediate layer which is arranged between the grinding agents and the knitted cloth (2), the pliable intermediate layer being formed of a non-woven material, a foam material, a fabric material or combinations thereof.

15. Flexible abrasive product comprising: a knitted cloth on a first side of the flexible abrasive product; grinding agents applied on a second side of the flexible abrasive product facing the first side; a plurality of loops protruding from the knitted cloth and from the first side, each loop being formed by a pair of bottom-half arcs connected by a protruding head and the loops being arranged in rows extending in the wale direction of the knitted cloth; wherein the bottom-half arcs are interlaced in the knitted cloth, and the protruding heads of the loops are interconnected with one another outside of the knitted cloth so as to form rows of interconnected loops, which rows extend in the wale direction of the knitted cloth; and filler yarns protruding from the first side, wherein the filler yarns are texturized or hydrophilic yarns, and the filler yarns protrude in the form of loops or thread ends.

16. Flexible interface for abrasive products; the flexible interface comprising: a knitted cloth on a first side of the flexible interface, the knitted cloth having a wale direction and a course direction; attachment means arranged on a second side of the flexible interface facing the first side, the attachment means being configured to be engageable to abrasive products; a plurality of loops protruding from the first side and from the knitted cloth, each loop being formed by a pair of bottom-half arcs connected by a protruding head and the loops being arranged in rows extending in the wale direction of the knitted cloth; wherein the bottom-half arcs are interlaced in the knitted cloth, the plurality of loops or protruding heads each span a stitch row in the course direction, and the protruding heads of the loops are interconnected with one another outside of the knitted cloth so as to form rows of interconnected loops, which rows extend in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

17. Flexible interface according to claim 16, wherein the bottom-half arcs of each loop are at least spaced by two stitch rows of the knitted cloth.

18. Flexible interface according to claim 16, wherein the protruding heads alternatingly span one stitch row in the course direction of the knitted cloth.

19. Flexible interface according to claim 16, wherein the protruding heads of the loops are interconnected by being knitted to one another in the wale direction of the knitted cloth by chaining protruding heads which succeed one another in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

20. Flexible interface according to claim 16, wherein the protruding heads are interconnected by threading the protruding head of one loop through the protruding head of another loop which precedes the one loop in the wale direction of the knitted cloth.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention may be better understood by reference to the following specification disclosed in the further embodiments thereof and taken in conjunction with the following accompanying figures.

(2) FIGS. 1A to 1D are schematic illustrations of an abrasive product according to a first embodiment.

(3) FIG. 2 shows an example for a knitting pattern for the abrasive product according to the first embodiment.

(4) FIG. 3 shows another example for a knitting pattern for the abrasive product according to the first embodiment.

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates the use of the abrasive product according to the first embodiment.

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a modification of the first embodiment.

(7) FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a second embodiment.

(8) The description and the accompanying drawings are to be construed by way of example and not of limitation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) In the following, the invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(10) FIGS. 1A and 1B are schematic representations of a flexible abrasive product 1 according to a first embodiment. The abrasive product 1 comprises a cloth 2 which constitutes the base layer of the abrasive product 1. The cloth 2 is a knitted textile fabric which is formed of knitted yarns 20 and can be produced on a textile producing machine by warp-knitting or weft-knitting, for instance.

(11) On a first side of the cloth 2 (a first side of the abrasive product), a plurality of loops 71 are formed which protrude from the knitted cloth 2. The loops 71 are formed of loop yarns 70.

(12) On a second side of the abrasive product, grinding agents or abrasive particles 50 are applied so as to form an abrasive area 60. The abrasive particles 50 are applied/adhered to the second side of the cloth 2 which faces the first side. The fixation of the abrasive particles 50 can be promoted by a coating 40. Optionally, the abrasive particles 50 can be applied with a suitable binding system.

(13) As indicated in the cross section of FIG. 1, the abrasive area 60 in this example is coherent throughout the product 1, wherein the abrasives 50 are evenly distributed over the cloth 2. However, the abrasive area may also be incoherent, e.g., in the form of isolated spots or islands of abrasive particles.

(14) The loops 71 are arranged in rows in the wale direction W of the cloth 2. Further, as can be seen in the Figures, the loops 71 are interconnected with one another in a plane essentially parallel to and spaced apart from the cloth 2. In other words, the protruding loops 71 are interconnected outside the cloth 2.

(15) Accordingly, the loops 71 form rows 73 of interconnected loops, which rows 73 also extend in the wale direction W of the cloth 2 (and are “elevated” with respect to the cloth 2).

(16) In the example which is shown in FIG. 2B, the loops 71 are only connected in the wale direction W. There is no interconnection between the individual rows 73.

(17) Referring to FIG. 10, the relevant parts of the loops 71 are defined as follows: each loop comprises a pair of bottom-half arcs 76 connected by a protruding head 77. With the bottom-half arcs 76, the loops are connected to the cloth 2 in the sense that these portions of the loops 71 are interlaced in the cloth 2. The protruding head 77 is the portion of the loop 71 which actually protrudes from the cloth 2, i.e., is arranged outside of the cloth 2. The protruding head 77 of the loop 71, in return, can be regarded as being formed by a pair of leg portions 75, which respectively connect to the bottom-half arcs 76, and a top arc 74 which connects the two leg portions 75.

(18) In the example according to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the interconnection of the loops 71 is achieved by chaining the protruding heads 77 of the loops 71 which succeed one another in the wale direction W of the cloth 2 by threading the protruding head 77 of one loop 71 through the protruding head 77 of the preceding loop 71. However, other techniques—in particular, knitting techniques—may also be used f interconnecting the loops 71.

(19) As can be seen from FIG. 1D, the bottom-half arcs 76 of each loop 71 are spaced apart from one another in the course direction of the cloth (which is perpendicular to the wale direction W). This has the effect that the loops are held “open”, with the leg portions 75 being inclined against one another as they extend from the surface of the cloth 2. Hence, if the product is regarded in the wale direction W, the loops 71 have a V-shape or U-shape like configuration which narrows towards the top arcs 74. The inclination or tilting of the leg portions 75 (with respect to a normal line onto the cloth) can be adjusted by varying the spacing between the bottom-half arcs 76 and the contour length of protruding heads 77. The protruding heads 77 have a contour length of 4 mm to 500 mm, preferably 6 mm to 80 mm and most preferably between 10 mm and 20 mm.

(20) Due to the tilting of the leg portions 75 in counter directions, the product 1 becomes more resistant against shear forces when attached to a grinding machine. In addition, such a configuration allows hooks, mushrooms or other types of griping means to more readily interlock with the loop yarns 70 and consequently hold the product 1 in place.

(21) Another effect is that the loops 71 can be kept relatively open which to some extend prevents that upon chaining the loops to one another the top arc or noose of one loop “slides down” the leg portions of the loop it is chained to. By consequence, this further promotes the dimensional stability of the loops 71 because they are less likely to collapse under mechanical impact and pressure. Moreover, the top arcs 74 are arranged essentially horizontally with respect to the cloth 2.

(22) Preferably, the bottom-half arcs 76 of each loop are at least spaced by one stitch-row 22 of the cloth 2 and more preferably by two stitch-rows 22 of the cloth (c.f. FIG. 1D). The latter, in other words, means that the loop 71 spans over one stitch row 22 (c.f. FIG. 1D). In that case, it is particularly preferable if the loops 71 (or their protruding heads 77) alternatingly span one stitch-row 22 in the course direction (c.f. FIG. 1D).

(23) In this regard, a stitch row 22 or wale is a stitch wale of stitches which proceeds over the length of the knitted fabric (c.f. ISO 4921:2000, 3.3.1).

(24) Although the loops 71 may also be formed by pulling under- or overlappings out of the cloth 2, it is preferable that the loops are formed by loop yarns 70 which are interlaced in the cloth 2.

(25) Exemplarily, the product 1 as described in FIG. 1 can be manufactured by using a double needle bar knitting machine for forming the abrasive product.

(26) The properties of the ensuing product can be adjusted by increasing the number of loop yarns and, correspondingly, the number of stitches with which the loops 71 are connected.

(27) Particularly suited bindings for forming the cloth 2, for interlacing the loop yarns 70 and for interconnecting the loops 71 include pillar-, atlas-, cord-, tricot-, satin-, and inlay bindings and combinations thereof. Other bindings which are in principle suitable are defined in ISO 8388 and also comprise combined warp- and weft-knitted bindings.

(28) An example for such a structure is shown in FIG. 2A and the corresponding yarn path notation in FIG. 2B in which black dots represent one needle bar of a double needle bar knitting machine and grey dots represent the other needle bar. As can be seen from the thread courses, the yarns 20 forming the cloth 2 are worked on one needle bar, while the loop yarns 70 are worked on both needle bars. The actual loops 71 of the loop yarns 70 are formed on the second needle bar (grey dots), however.

(29) The cloth 2 is based on an (open) atlas binding and the interlacing of the loop yarns 70 is done by means of a pillar stitch—with the exception that a stitch is made on the second needle bar when the loops pass over the needles. Unlike the example which is shown in FIG. 1, the bottom-half arcs 76 of the individual loops are not spaced apart from one another in the course direction of the cloth, meaning that they are arranged in one and the same stitch row 22.

(30) However, the loops 71 are also knitted in the wale direction. W of the cloth 2 so as to form rows 73 of interconnected loops 71 which extend in the wale direction W. Accordingly, also in this case, the geometric stability of the loops 71 is enhanced and the loops 71 are more readily available for fastening means such as hooks or pins as they are less prone to lay down on the cloth. The latter might occur during storing the abrasive product (either in an intermediate state or the final product state). Moreover, a lay-down of the loops 71 might be induced during manufacturing by certain process steps.

(31) A further example for a concrete knitting pattern is shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As can best be seen from the yarn path notation of FIG. 3B, also the loop yarns 70 are interlaced in the form of an atlas binding.

(32) The cloths 2 that are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 are based on structures which are highly permeable due to a number of regularly arranged through holes in the base cloth 2. The open structure enables an optimal dust removal. When dust is created during sanding, the dust can easily be removed by air streams which penetrate through cloth 2 and the loops 71.

(33) FIG. 4 exemplarily shows the attachment of a flexible abrasive product to corresponding engagement means of a backing pad 80 or grip surface. Due to the interconnection of the loops, the loops are more readily available for an attachment to the hooks of the backing pad 80 because they are more upright. Of note, the flexible abrasive product works equally well with other engagement means such as knobs or mushrooms and the like.

(34) Apart from an improved attachment, the interconnected loops lead to a cushioning effect during sanding. This means that uneven spots in the cloth 2 or the abrasive area can be balanced by the soft properties of the product 1.

(35) In order to further promote the cushioning effect, a soft or pliable intermediate layer 90 may be arranged between the cloth 2 and the abrasive area 60, as exemplified by FIG. 5. The intermediate layer 90 may be formed of a foam or non-woven material or combinations thereof. As an alternative or additionally, the intermediate layer may also be formed of or comprise a fabric or cloth, preferably in the form of a layer.

(36) FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross-section through a flexible product 3 according to another embodiment. This embodiment differs from the previous embodiments in that the abrasive particles 50 are replaced by attachment means 190. Other features, configurations and possible modifications correspond to the ones mentioned in connection with the previous embodiments. Subsequently product 3 is also referred to as “flexible interface” 3.

(37) The attachment means 190 are, for instance, attachment means such as hooks, knobs or mushrooms, which are suited for engaging with loops protruding from flexible abrasive articles (such as the loops 70 or, in general, loops of a Velcro®-like fastening system) or attachment means for other complementary fastening systems.

(38) The attachment means may be provided, for instance, by laminating a suited texture of a hook-and-loop fastening system (e.g. a Velcro® fastening system) or other complementary fastening systems onto the cloth 2.

(39) Accordingly, the flexible interface 3 can be interposed between the attachment surface 80 of a grinding machine and a suited abrasive product 100. By that, a soft and at the same time highly stable interface can be provided for conventional abrasive products. Of note, the product 3 according to this embodiment may also be combined with the pliable intermediate layer 90.

(40) As illustrated in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 5, it is possible to use different kinds of yarns for the loop yarns 70 and the yarns 20 of the cloth 2.

(41) This enables to use thinner yarns for the loop yarns 70 as compared to the yarns 20 of the cloth 2, for instance. While this ensures a sufficiently large area for attaching the abrasives 50 onto the cloth 2, the product as whole can still be kept substantially open which is beneficial for dust removal and attaching the product to a grinding machine. In addition, using thinner yarns for the loop yarns 70 ensures that the overall product is still soft and flexible. Moreover, this guarantees that no pronounced elevations in the cloth 2 result when the loop yarns 70 are worked on the same needle bar as the cloth 2.

(42) In this regard, the loop yarns 70 preferably have a yarn count between 5 to 200 dtex and more preferably between 10 to 100 dtex, and even more preferably between 20 to 50 dtex.

(43) Moreover, the loop yarns 70 may be formed of monofilament yarns while the yarns 20 forming the cloth 2 are multifilament yarns.

(44) As mentioned, the products according to the aforementioned embodiments may comprise a coating 40 serving as a primer for applying the abrasive particles 50. In addition, the coating may be used to level any existing unevenness. Moreover, the coating also leads to a fixation of the loop yarns 70 in the cloth 2 which renders it difficult to pull out individual loops 71 from the cloth 2. The coating 40 is applied from the side of the cloth 2, where the loops do not protrude (i.e. the front side of the product).

(45) In addition, the cloth and/or the loop yarns may comprise an impregnation for further enhancing the mechanical stability of the product.

(46) Different types of impregnations and coatings 40 may be applied for the cloth 2. The types of resins used for impregnations and coatings may consist of phenolic, urea or latex as well as blends thereof as described in EP 0 779 851. The fabric may be coated by using roller coating, spray coating, curtain coating, slurry coating by printing methods such as screen printing or gravure rollers, transfer foil or similar methods resulting in coatings referred to as a make- and size-coat, wherein, spray and slurry coating are preferred.

(47) Radiation curable impregnation resins such as epoxides, acrylates, or similar resins may also be applied. Also thermally curable epoxies, acrylates, isocyanides or similar resins and mixtures thereof may be utilized for the mechanical stabilization of the cloth. The resins may include fillers and additives such as surface active substances like fatty acid ethoxylates, fillers or various kinds such as fibers, aluminum trihydroxide, kaolin, calcium carbonates, talc and the like.

(48) The coating may provide an even base layer onto which the abrasives can be applied. Thereby, the coating can level out height-irregularities and further promote an even abrasive area. To this end, the coating may be specifically treated (“flattened”) before applying the abrasive particles in order to form an even surface. As described in WO 2014/037034, this can be achieved by a specific way of applying the coating, e.g., by using a coating roller. Moreover, a flattening effect can be realized by pressing a flattening device against the not yet cured coating. In addition, there is the possibility of mechanically abrading or sanding the readily applied coating such as to level out (flatten out) any existing unevenness.

(49) The cloth 2 may furthermore be subject to any kind of surface modifications from the front side of the cloth.

(50) The abrasive areas 60 may in the same or separate processes be strewn or coated with abrasive articles 50 such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide of various types or mixtures thereof such as brown, pink, white, or high temperature treated species. Hereby also high performance abrasives such as ceramic coated or similar grains as well as diamonds, CBN or other particles commonly referred to as super-abrasives can be applied.

(51) As an alternative for improving the attachment of the abrasive product to a grinding machine, it is also conceivable to use loop yarns 70 which are magnetizable and, in particular, comprise a metallic material. For this purpose, the use of yarns which possess a magnetic core or yarns based purely on magnetic materials (or materials which lead to a similar effect) is conceivable.

(52) With that, the products 1 and 3 can be magnetized on the backside (i.e. on the side where the loops protrude) and, thus, attached to a magnetic backing plate of a grinding apparatus. The magnetic backing plate may be essentially flat, or, alternatively may comprise additional engagement means such as grip hooks in order to use mechanical and magnetic attachment simultaneously. The magnetic backing plate may comprise a permanent magnet or may rely on an electromagnetically induced effect.

(53) In addition to that, the products 1 and 3 may comprise filler yarns 70A. The filler yarns 70A are thicker than the loop yarns 70, thereby further promoting the cushioning effect of the interconnected loops 71. The filler yarns 70A may protrude from cloth on the same sides as the loops in the form of loops or thread ends.

(54) Moreover, the filler yarns may be hydrophilic. This is motivated by the fact that soft abrasive products are often also used in wet sanding processes which typically involve the use of liquids like water or other solvents in order to achieve a dust free sanding process and a particular surface finish. Although the three dimensional structure of interconnected loops 71 already does provide better water storing properties than single-layer products, it is sometimes desirable to further increase the water storage and water take up capacity. The filler yarns act as a filler material, which allows the abrasive product 1 to better take up water and release it over time during the sanding process.

(55) As an alternative, also the loop yarns 70 may be hydrophilic.

(56) One possibility for achieving a certain hydrophilicity is using texturized yarns as loop yarns and/or filler yarns.

(57) However, for some applications also the inverse behavior could be desired, i.e. a certain degree of hydrophobicity.

(58) In general, the loop yarns as well as the filler yarns may be treated in various ways for achieving the desired effects with respect to the water retention capability. This includes using inherently hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials or applying a suited coating to the yarns.

(59) In order to further promote the mechanical stability of the cloth 2, it is preferable to integrate a reinforcing inlay or generally reinforcements into the product. Preferably, these inlays consist of reinforcing yarns that are worked into the cloth 2.

(60) To this end, a pillar stitch or an inlay can be integrated as reinforcements. Preferably, the inlay-yarns or reinforcing yarns are sufficiently strong to withstand tensile forces.

(61) Besides increasing the strength of the material, the inlay yarns or reinforcements may also be used for increasing the bulk or for achieving other desired effects.

(62) The yarns 20 of the cloth 2, the loop yarns 70 reinforcement yarns and the filler yarns are typically texturized or flat yarns of polyester or polyamide. However, yarns based on natural fiber such as cotton, hemp or similar fiber may also be suitable. This includes in more general terms the use of so called staple fiber or multifilament yarns based on synthetic or natural fibers which can be used for the base structure or the reinforcement of the cloth. Twisted yarns being single or plied yarns can optionally also be used. Elastic yarns may be applicable in certain applications when, the cloth shall be stretched in a specific way.

(63) The term “texturized yarn”, commonly known as DTY (Drawn Texturized Yarn), is a multifilament yarn which has been treated by thermal or mechanical methods or combinations thereof in a way that the yarn filaments are coiled, crimped or looped. There are various texturizing methods which can be applied, such as air texturized, knife edge texturizing, false twist friction texturizing, staffer box texturizing or gear crimped yarn.

(64) The term “flat yarn” is commonly known under the abbreviation FDY, which is so called Fully Drawn Yarn. Such FDY's can be of various buildup types based on mono- or multifilament. These yarns can also be either bright, semi dull or full dull in respect to their appearance, which are the most common types. However also various shapes of yarns, filaments and their cross sections are available which amongst others can be for instance of the type round, trilobal, multi-edged or of any other type of shape.

(65) Yarns of either type, such as texturized or flat yarn, can apart from their type of texturization, or shape and appearance additionally also be twisted. “Twisting” refers to turning the yarn into two different directions which are commonly referred to as “S” and “Z” directions. These directions of twist only refer to the direction in which the yarns are twisted; so that “S” and “Z” twisted yarns resemble mirror images of each other. Such twisting of yarn has in most cases barely any technical relevance in warp knitting, but leads to different optical effects in the final cloth.

(66) The yarns 20 forming the cloth 2, the loop yarns 70 and reinforcing yarns may be monofilament or multifilament yarns, wherein it is preferable that at least the loop yarns 70 are monofilament yarns. Due to their reduced bulk, such monofilament yarns can be more easily interlaced in the cloth 2, without too much affecting the evenness of the cloth 2.

(67) The term “monofilament yarn” refers to a man-made, endless spun yarn which, is built up of a single filament of material. A yarn of a certain yarn count of, e.g., 20 dtex is not separated into other substructures but consists of only one filament. A multifilament yarn consequently consists of several substructures (filaments) in contrast to a monofilament yarn. Hereby, yarns can be distinguished by the number of filaments that the yarn consists of. As an example, a 20 dtex multifilament yarn can consist of for instance two or more filaments.

(68) A “plied yarn” typically consists of multifilament yarns, which can be twisted or non-twisted yarns, texturized or non-texturized yarns, as well as intermingled or non-intermingled yarns. Whereas typically twisted yarns are not intermingled. These previously described single yarns can then in the following be joined together to form a new, thicker, yarn which is referred to as being plied. Such a plied yarn consequently consists of at least two or more single yarns which have been plied together.

(69) The term “natural fibers” refers to fibers which have an origin in renewable sources. These refer to fiber formed materials such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk or similar materials which are directly obtained from plants or animals.

(70) The term “man-made fiber” is referring to all other fibers than natural fibers. Man-made fibers can be synthetically produced from petrochemicals, bin-based polymers or organic raw materials. Regenerated fibers are one subgroup under man-made fibers. Those are made of natural materials like plants by going through chemical and mechanical process. These kinds of fibers are e.g. Viscose, Bamboo and Modal type yarns which are made of cellulose. Synthetic fibers can be made of petrochemicals e.g. polyester, vinyl acetate, nylon, aramid and carbon. This category also includes chemically modified fiber formed materials and fibers manufactured from polymers of bio-based building blocks like for instance, lactic acid, amino acids or propylene dioxide based materials.

(71) Examples of other potential yarns for cloths for abrasive products include fibers of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polypropylene (PP) and aramid yarns. These can be used for the base structure of the cloth or solely for the reinforcement of the material.

(72) The yarn count of flat or texturized yarn may range from 5 to 4000 dtex, depending on the desired tensile and elongation values of the cloth as backing material, as well as the desired size of the abrasive grains or the end use of the final product. The unit “dtex” is by definition the weight in grams per 10,000 m of yarn. The typical yarn count for the cloth is between 30 to 2000 dtex and between 15 to 1000 dtex for the reinforcing yarns.

(73) All modifications as discussed in connection with the respective Embodiments may be equally well applied in connection with the other Embodiments, if possible.