Measuring device for measuring the absorption of gases

Abstract

A measuring device is provided for measuring the absorption of gases. The measuring device (1) includes a radiation source (2), a first detector element (3), a second detector element (9) and a reflector array (4). The reflector array (4) defines a first optical path (5) between the radiation source (2) and the first detector element (3) and defines a second optical path (10) between the radiation source (2) and the second detector element (9). The first optical path (5) has at least two points of intersection with itself and the second detector element (9) is arranged outside of a first plane which is defined by the radiation source (2) and two points of intersection (6) of the first optical path (5).

Claims

1. A measuring device for measuring the absorption of gases, the measuring device comprising: a radiation source; a first detector element; a second detector element; and a reflector array, the reflector array defining a first optical path between the radiation source and the first detector element and the reflector array defining a second optical path between the radiation source and the second detector element, wherein the first optical path has at least two points of intersection with itself, the second detector element is arranged outside of a plane that is defined by the radiation source and the at least two points of intersection of the first optical path, the radiation source being configured to emit at least a beam of radiation along the first optical path such the beam of radiation intersects itself at least twice, the reflector array having a first mirror element and a second mirror element as well as a first concave mirror element and a second concave mirror element for the first optical path, wherein a focus of the reflector array is located on the radiation source and another focus of the reflector array is located on the first detector element, the concave mirror elements being parabolic.

2. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first optical path has at least three points of intersection with itself.

3. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a wall element enclosing a measuring chamber, wherein the radiation source, the first detector element and the reflector array are arranged at the wall element.

4. A measuring device in accordance with claim 3, wherein the wall element extends in a plane, in which the first optical path has a pentagonal or hexagonal cross section.

5. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the second optical path has no point of intersection with itself.

6. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the reflector array comprises in the second optical path a third concave mirror element, which images the radiation source onto the second detector element.

7. A measuring device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the third concave mirror element is arranged between the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element.

8. A measuring device in accordance with claim 6, wherein the third concave mirror element, the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element are arranged in a triangle.

9. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein an optical filter element is arranged between the measuring chamber and the first detector element or between the measuring chamber and the second detector element or between the measuring chamber and the first detector element and the second detector element.

10. A gas absorption measuring device comprising: a reflector array at least partially defining a measuring space; a radiation source; a first detector element; and a second detector element, wherein: the reflector array is configured in cooperation with a position of the radiation source and the first detector element to define a first optical path within the measuring space, between the radiation source and the first detector element, with the first optical path intersecting the first optical path at least at two points; a plane is defined by the radiation source and the at least two points of intersection; the reflector array is configured in cooperation with the position of the radiation source and a position of the second detector element to define a second optical path; the position of the second detector element is outside of the plane; the radiation source is configured to emit at least a beam of radiation along the first optical path such the beam of radiation intersects itself at least twice; the reflector array comprises a first mirror element and a second mirror element, a first concave mirror element and a second concave mirror element configured to at least partially define the first optical path; a focus of the reflector array is located on the radiation source; another focus of the reflector array is located on the first detector element; the first concave mirror element is parabolic; and the second concave mirror element is parabolic.

11. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the first optical path intersects the first optical path at least at three points.

12. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, further comprising a wall element enclosing a measuring chamber, wherein the radiation source, the first detector element and the reflector array are arranged at the wall element.

13. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 12, wherein the wall element has an essentially pentagonal or hexagonal cross section.

14. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the second optical path does not intersect the second optical path.

15. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the reflector array further comprises a third concave mirror element, which images the radiation source onto the second detector element and defines the second optical path.

16. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 15, wherein the third concave mirror element is arranged between the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element.

17. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 15, wherein the third concave mirror element, the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element are arranged in a triangle.

18. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, further comprising: an optical filter element arranged along the first optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space; or an optical filter element arranged along the second optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space; or an optical filter element arranged along the first optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space and an optical filter element arranged along the second optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space; or an optical filter element arranged along the first optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space and arranged along the second optical path upstream of the first detector element and downstream of the measuring space.

19. A measuring device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first mirror element has a first mirror element portion located adjacent to the first concave mirror element, the second mirror element having a second mirror element portion located adjacent to the second concave mirror element.

20. A gas absorption measuring device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the first mirror element has a first mirror element portion located adjacent to the first concave mirror element, the second mirror element having a second mirror element portion located adjacent to the second concave mirror element.

21. A measuring device for measuring the absorption of gases, the measuring device comprising: a radiation source; a first detector element; a second detector element; and a reflector array, the reflector array defining a first optical path between the radiation source and the first detector element and the reflector array defining a second optical path between the radiation source and the second detector element, wherein the first optical path has at least two points of intersection with itself, the second detector element is arranged outside of a plane that is defined by the radiation source and the at least two points of intersection of the first optical path, the radiation source being configured to emit at least a beam of radiation along the first optical path such the beam of radiation intersects itself at least twice, wherein the reflector array has a first mirror element, a second mirror element, a first concave mirror element and a second concave mirror element, the first mirror element, the second mirror element, the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element defining at least a portion of the first optical path, the first mirror element having a first mirror element portion located adjacent to the first concave mirror element, the second mirror element having a second mirror element portion located adjacent to the second concave mirror element.

22. A gas absorption measuring device comprising: a reflector array at least partially defining a measuring space; a radiation source; a first detector element; and a second detector element, wherein: the reflector array is configured in cooperation with a position of the radiation source and the first detector element to define a first optical path within the measuring space, between the radiation source and the first detector element, with the first optical path intersecting the first optical path at least at two points; a plane is defined by the radiation source and the at least two points of intersection; the reflector array is configured in cooperation with the position of the radiation source and a position of the second detector element to define a second optical path; the position of the second detector element is outside of the plane; the radiation source is configured to emit at least a beam of radiation along the first optical path such the beam of radiation intersects itself at least twice; the reflector array has a first mirror element, a second mirror element, a first concave mirror element and a second concave mirror element; the first mirror element, the second mirror element, the first concave mirror element and the second concave mirror element define at least a portion of the first optical path; the first mirror element has a first mirror element portion located adjacent to the first concave mirror element; and the second mirror element has a second mirror element portion located adjacent to the second concave mirror element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1a is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a measuring device for measuring the absorption of at least one weakly absorbing gas and at least one strongly absorbing gas;

(3) FIG. 1b is a schematic top view of the first embodiment of the measuring device with the wall element omitted;

(4) FIG. 1c is a schematic sectional view of the first embodiment of the measuring device with the wall element omitted;

(5) FIG. 2a is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a measuring device for measuring the absorption of at least one weakly absorbing gas and at least one strongly absorbing gas;

(6) FIG. 2b is a schematic top view of the second embodiment of the measuring device with the wall element omitted; and

(7) FIG. 2c is a schematic sectional view of the second embodiment of the measuring device with the wall element omitted.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(8) Referring to the drawings, a measuring device for measuring the absorption of gases is referenced below in its entirety with the reference number 1. According to FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c, the measuring device 1 comprises a wall element 8, which defines a measuring chamber 7 having a hexagonal cross section. The wall element 8 forms a pipe with a hexagonal inner cross section in this case.

(9) A radiation source 2 as well as a first detector element 3 and a second detector element 9 are arranged at the wall element 8. In this case, the radiation source 2, the first detector element 3 and the second detector element 9 are arranged on one side of the hexagonal inner cross section of the wall element 8. The radiation source 2 emits electromagnetic radiation into the measuring chamber 7. The first detector element 3 and the second detector element 9 detect electromagnetic radiation, which is emitted from the measuring chamber 7. On the other five sides of the inner cross section of the wall element 8 are arranged a first mirror element 11 and a second mirror element 12 as well as a first concave mirror element 13, a second concave mirror element 14 and a third concave mirror element 15. The third concave mirror element 15 is arranged between the first concave mirror element 13 and the third concave mirror element 14.

(10) Arranged between the measuring chamber 7 and the first detector element 3 is a first optical filter element 16, which only passes through a defined wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation. A second optical filter element 18, which likewise only passes through a defined wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation, is arranged between the measuring chamber 7 and the second detector element 9. In this case, the first optical filter element 16 can filter a different range out of the measured radiation than the second optical filter element 18. For the sake of clarity, the second optical filter element 18 is not shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b.

(11) The radiation source emits over a broad band and is arranged behind a transparent element 17 which has no filtering action at least in the wavelength ranges to be detected by the first detector element and the second detector element 3, 9.

(12) In one embodiment, not shown, the wall element 8 can have a flattened configuration, preferably an essentially flat configuration on the side of the optical filter elements 16, 18 and of the transparent element 17 facing the radiation source 2 and the detector elements 3, 9. In this way, the radiation source 2 and the detector elements 3, 9 can be arranged on a common circuit board and be arranged behind the optical filter elements 16, 18 and the transparent element 17 at the wall element 8. The wall element 8 then has a common opening or an opening for the electromagnetic radiation in the area of each of the optical filter elements 16, 18 and of the transparent element 17. The optical filter elements 16, 18 as well as the transparent element 17 may also be fixed together with the detector elements 3, 9 and the radiation source 2 on the circuit board and be arranged in the opening or in the openings.

(13) As is seen especially in FIG. 1b, the measuring device 1 has a mirror-symmetric configuration in a first plane. The first plane is defined here by the radiation source 2 and two points of intersection 6 of a first optical path 5 running from the radiation source 2 to the first detector element 3. A plane of symmetry runs such that the radiation source 2 is imaged onto the first detector element 3, the transparent element 17 is imaged onto the first optical filter element 16, the first mirror element 11 is imaged onto the second mirror element 12, the first concave mirror element 13 is imaged onto the second concave mirror element 14 and the third concave mirror element 15 is imaged onto itself.

(14) The transparent element 17 and the first optical filter element 16 are components on one side of the hexagon. The two sides of the hexagon adjacent to the transparent element 17 and the first optical filter element 16, respectively, are occupied by the mirror element 11 and the mirror element 12, respectively. The second concave mirror element 14 and the first concave mirror element 13 are arranged opposite the transparent element 17 and the first optical filter element 16, respectively.

(15) The first concave mirror element 13 is focused onto the radiation source 2, i.e., electromagnetic radiation, which is emitted by the radiation source 2 and reaches the concave mirror element 13, is collimated by the concave mirror element 13, i.e., the concave mirror element 13 parallelizes the radiation originating from the radiation source 2.

(16) The focus of the second concave mirror element 14 is directed towards the first detector element 3. Electromagnetic radiation that reaches the second concave mirror element 14, parallel to the optical axis of the second concave mirror element 14, is therefore focused onto the first detector element 3.

(17) FIG. 1b shows the first optical path 5 running in the first plane for a beam from the radiation source 2. In this case, the mirror elements 11, 12 as well as the concave mirror elements 13, 14, 15 form a reflector array 4. The reflector array 4 guides electromagnetic radiation from the radiation source 2 on at least the first optical path 5 to the first detector element 3. In this case, the first optical path 5 starts at the radiation source 2 and then reaches the first concave mirror element 13. From the first concave mirror element 13, the electromagnetic radiation is reflected onto the first mirror element 11. The first mirror element 11 reflects the electromagnetic radiation further onto the second mirror element 12 and from there onto the second concave mirror element 14. The second concave mirror element 14 reflects the radiation into the first detector element 3. In this case, the electromagnetic radiation will pass through the measuring chamber 7 five times. In this case, the first optical path 5 intersects itself six times at the points of intersection 6.

(18) Because the electromagnetic radiation on the first optical path 5 passes through the measuring chamber five times, it is possible to detect a weakly absorbing gas, for example, methane, with the first detector element 3.

(19) The third concave mirror element 15 is configured and arranged such that it images the radiation source 2 onto the second detector element 9, i.e., electromagnetic radiation is reflected on a second optical path 10 from the radiation source 2 via the concave mirror element 15 onto the second detector element 9, and the second optical path 10 does not intersect with itself in this exemplary embodiment. The second detector element 9 is arranged outside of the first plane. This can be achieved, for example, by the third concave mirror element 15 having an asymmetric configuration, as shown in FIG. 1c, and/or being arranged and directed sloped towards the first plane. For the sake of clarity, the first optical path 5, the first detector element 3 and the transparent element 17 are not shown in FIG. 1c.

(20) Because the second detector element 9 is arranged outside of the first plane, which is defined by the radiation source 2 and two points of intersection 6 of the first optical path 5, a greater flexibility is obtained in the arrangement of the detectors elements 3, 9 and the radiation source 2 especially on a common circuit board. This supports a compact construction of the measuring device, especially when more than two detector elements 3, 9 are used. For example, a third detector element can be arranged in the first plane together with the first detector element 3 and the radiation source 2. The second detector element and the third detector element can then be selectively used for reference measurements. In addition, this arrangement of the second detector element 9 makes possible a clear separation of the detector elements, so that the detector element in question is easily accessible during maintenance or in the event of a defect.

(21) In an embodiment, not shown, the second optical path is fixed such that it will pass through the measuring chamber 7 multiple times and the second optical path intersects with itself. Additional mirror elements and concave mirror elements are arranged for this between the first mirror element 11 and the second concave mirror element 14 and/or between the second mirror element 12 and the first concave mirror element 13 and/or between the transparent element 17 and the first optical filter element 16 and/or the second optical filter element 18. If the second optical path passes through the measuring chamber 7 multiple times as well and possibly intersects with itself as a result, another weakly absorbing gas can also be detected with a very compact measuring device by means of the second detector element 9.

(22) The mirror elements 11, 12 have a flat configuration in the embodiment shown. In an alternative embodiment, not shown, the mirror elements 11, 12, have a radius of curvature that is preferably less than zero, so that the mirror elements 11, 12 have a concave configuration. As a result, a divergence of the electromagnetic radiation can be counteracted.

(23) Further, the electromagnetic radiation, which is emitted by the radiation source 2, can first reach one of the mirror elements 11, 12. The reflector array 4 can be configured in this case such that this electromagnetic radiation does not reach the detector element 3. As an alternative, the reflector array 4 may be configured such that this electromagnetic radiation also reaches the detector element 3 on another optical path, not shown.

(24) The optical paths 5, 10 may, of course, also run differently than shown in the figures, and in case of the second optical path 10, the radiation, which directly reaches the third concave mirror element 15 from the radiation source 2, defines the area, in which the second optical path 10 must run. Correspondingly, the first optical path 5 may only run outside of this area from the radiation source 2.

(25) The second detector element 9 may also be arranged directly adjoining the first detector element 3. In this case, the first detector element 3 and the second detector element 9 may be combined into one piece on a common detector. In this case, the second concave mirror element 14 and the third concave mirror element 15 focus the electromagnetic radiation onto different areas of the common detector.

(26) FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c show an alternative embodiment, with which it is possible to analyze a weakly absorbing gas and a strongly absorbing gas. In this case, the part of the measuring device 1 shown at the top of both FIGS. 2a and 2c corresponds to the arrangement of the components in the first plane according to FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c, with the omission of the third concave mirror element 15. In this case, the arrangement modified in this manner defines a first measuring plane with a first measured volume, which has a pentagonal cross section. As explained before on the basis of FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c and shown in FIG. 2b, electromagnetic radiation on a first optical path 5 in the first measuring plane reaches the first detector 3 and a weakly absorbing gas can be detected. For the sake of clarity, the second optical path 10, the second detector element 9 and the third concave mirror element 15 are not shown in FIG. 2b.

(27) A second measuring plane with a second measured volume is arranged below the first measuring plane. The second measuring plane passes through the second detector element 9, the second optical filter element 18 as well as the third concave mirror element 15. For the sake of clarity, the second optical filter element is not shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.

(28) According to FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c, in relation to the cross section of the measuring device, a common plane does not pass trough the second detector element 9 and the radiation source 2, the points of intersection 6 and possibly the first detector element 3.

(29) FIG. 2c shows the second optical path 10. In this case, the electromagnetic radiation is irradiated from the radiation source 2 through the first measuring plane onto the third concave mirror element 15, which is arranged in the second measuring plane, and from there is focused onto the second detector element 9. For the sake of clarity, the first optical path 5, the first detector element 3 and the transparent element 17 are not shown in FIG. 2c.

(30) A measuring device with a first measuring plane according to FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c can be manufactured as a separate component and be operated without an expansion module 19. The expansion module 19 can, if necessary, be connected to this measuring device. In this case, the measuring device and the expansion module 19 form a system 20 for measuring the absorption of gases. The first, second and third concave mirror elements 13, 14, 15 are arranged in a triangle in this modular configuration.

(31) An example of the measurement of two gases with different absorption properties may be, for example, the simultaneous measurement of methane and carbon dioxide. Methane absorbs infrared radiation only weakly. Therefore, methane must be measured by means of the longer first optical path 5. By contrast, carbon dioxide absorbs markedly more infrared radiation, so that carbon dioxide is measured by means of the shorter second optical path 10.

(32) The detector elements 3, 9 can carry out a reference measurement for the respective other detector element 3, 9. When the two gases to be measured have different absorption wavelengths, the reference measurement can be carried out in an especially simple manner in this way.

(33) As an alternative or in addition, in an embodiment, not shown, the third concave mirror element 15 in FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c is replaced by two concave mirror elements lying one above the other. Here, one of these concave mirror elements images the radiation of the radiation source onto the second detector element as explained before on the basis of FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c, while the other concave mirror element images the radiation onto an additional fourth detector element, which is preferably arranged in the first plane, but, obviously, may also be arranged above the first plane, and is used, for example, as a detector for reference measurement.

(34) In this way, the measuring device, configured as a multireflection cell, can be manufactured and operated with markedly fewer components and thus in a markedly more effective manner.

(35) While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.