RADIATION-CURABLE INK, DEPOSITED MATTER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING RADIATION-CURABLE INK

Abstract

Provided is a radiation-curable ink that has low odor, excellent curability, and can provide a printed matter that has excellent hardness and toughness. The radiation-curable ink includes the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom, and a multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having an alicyclic structure. It is preferable that the radiation-curable ink further include a multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) not having a bicyclo structure or a higher cyclic structure. It is preferable that the monofunctional polymerizable compound be a monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the multifunctional polymerizable compound be a multifunctional (meth)acrylate.

Claims

1. A radiation-curable ink comprising: a monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom, and a multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having an alicyclic structure.

2. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, further comprising a multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) not having a bicyclo structure or a higher cyclic structure.

3. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) is a monofunctional (meth)acrylate and the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) is a multifunctional (meth)acrylate.

4. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) is a cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA) represented by Formula (β1) ##STR00009##

5. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the alicyclic structure in the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) is a bridged-cyclic hydrocarbon structure or a spiro-hydrocarbon structure.

6. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 5, wherein the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) is tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (TCDDA) represented by Formula (γ1) or a spiro-glycol diacrylate represented by Formula ##STR00010##

7. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 2, wherein the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is an alkylene oxide adduct.

8. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 7, wherein the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is at least one compounds selected from trimethylolpropane triacrylate represented by Formula (Z1) and pentaerythritol triacrylate represented by Formula (Z2), where n represents an integer of 1 or more ##STR00011##

9. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 2, wherein a content of the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) in the radiation-curable ink is 20% by mass or more, and 80% by mass or less, and a content of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) in the radiation-curable ink is 1% by mass or more, and 50% by mass or less.

10. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-curable ink further comprises an initiator, and the initiator is an acyl phosphine oxide-based initiator represented by Formula (I), where R.sub.i1, R.sub.i2, and R.sub.i3 each are independently an alkoxyl group or a hydrocarbon group having or not having a substituent ##STR00012##

11. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the radiation-curable ink is an ink for inkjet.

12. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein a content of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) in the radiation-curable ink is 10% by mass to 17% by mass.

13. The radiation-curable ink according to claim 1, wherein the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is the compound represented by Formula (Z1), where n represented an integer of 2, 3 or 5.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0047] Subsequently, the present disclosure will be described in more detail.

[0048] A radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure includes the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom, and a multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having an alicyclic structure.

[0049] The radiation-curable ink refers to an ink composition that can solidify from a liquid by polymerizing with radiation rays or the like. The solidification includes change into a solid having flexibility and stretchability and gelation. In the present specification, such solidification may be described as curing.

[0050] In the present specification, the radiation rays (energy rays) mean the broad sense of radiation rays including ionized radiation rays and non-ionized radiation rays. More specifically, the radiation rays are not particularly limited as long as the radiation rays can provide energy generating initiation species in the ink by the irradiation of the radiation rays. Examples of the radiation rays widely include α rays, β rays, γ rays, X rays, electron beams, ultraviolet rays (UV), visible rays, and infrared rays. Of these radiation rays, ultraviolet rays and electron beams are preferable from the viewpoint of sensitivity of curing and easy availability of equipment and ultraviolet rays are particularly preferable.

[0051] (Monofunctional Polymerizable Compound (β))

[0052] The monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) according to the present disclosure is a compound having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom and having only one polymerizable functional group.

[0053] In the present specification, the term “polymerizability” means all reactivity in which a low molecular weight compound is changed into a macromolecular compound. Examples of the polymerizability include the reactivity of radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, condensation polymerization, crosslinking, and the like. Of these types of the reactivity, the reactivity of the radical polymerization, the cationic polymerization, and the crosslinking is preferable. Examples of the polymerizable compound include monomers, raw materials for condensation polymerization, and in addition, curable resins and semi-cured resins. Specific examples of the polymerizable compound include compounds having an unsaturated bond that is capable of addition polymerization of the anionic polymerization, the cationic polymerization, and the radical polymerization in the presence of ions and organic radicals and compounds having a functional group capable of condensation polymerization.

[0054] Examples of the polymerizable functional group include a vinyl group, a (meth)acrylic group, a vinyl ether group, and an epoxy group. In particular, the (meth)acrylic group is preferable from the viewpoint of a fast curing rate. The (meth)acrylic group means an acrylic group (acryloyl group) or a methacrylic group (methacryloyl group) and the acrylic group is preferable. Examples of the monofunctional polymerizable compound include a monofunctional (meth)acrylate and a monofunctional acrylate is preferable. Examples of the heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom include saturated or unsaturated heteromonocyclic compounds including one or more oxygen atoms as hetero atoms in a 3-membered to 10-membered ring. Specific examples include saturated heteromonocyclic compounds including one oxygen atom as a hetero atom such as oxirane, oxetane, oxolane, oxane, oxepane, oxocane, oxonane, and oxecane and heteromonocyclic compounds including two oxygen atoms as hetero atoms such as 1,3-dioxetane, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dioxepane, 1,3-dioxocane, 1,3-dioxonane, and 1,3-dioxecane. The heterocyclic structure may have aromaticity.

[0055] Examples of the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom include a cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA) represented by Formula (β1).

##STR00005##

[0056] A content of the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) in the radiation-curable ink in according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited. The content is preferably 20% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less. The monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having the content in these ranges is preferable from the viewpoint of hardness and toughness of the printed matter.

[0057] (Multifunctional Polymerizable Compound (γ))

[0058] The multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) according to the present disclosure is a compound having an alicyclic structure and having two or more polymerizable functional groups. The alicyclic structure is a hydrocarbon ring structure not having aromaticity and a monocyclic structure or a polycyclic structure. The alicyclic structure is preferably the polycyclic structure. The alicyclic structure may be a heterocycle structure containing a hetero atom such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, or a sulfur atom. The oxygen atom is preferable as the hetero atom.

[0059] Examples of the polycyclic structure of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) include a hydrocarbon structure in which two or more monocyclic structures having or not having saturated or unsaturated side chains are directly or indirectly bonded, a bridged-cyclic hydrocarbon structure in which two or more saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons have two or more atoms in common, and a spiro-hydrocarbon structure in which two rings are bonded to only one carbon atom.

[0060] Of these polycyclic structures, the bridged-cyclic hydrocarbon structure and the spiro-hydrocarbon structure are preferable. Examples of the bridged-cyclic hydrocarbon structure include dicyclopentadiene, tricyclodecane, which is a hydrogenated product of dicyclopentadiene, bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, and tricyclo[2.2.1.0.sup.2,6]heptane. Examples of the spiro-hydrocarbon structure include spiro[3.4]octane, spiro[4.5]deca-1,6-diene, and a spiro-glycol containing oxygen atoms as hetero atoms. Examples of the polymerizable functional group include the functional groups described in the above monofunctional polymerizable compound (β). Examples of the multifunctional polymerizable compound include a bifunctional polymerizable compound and a trifunctional polymerizable compound. Specific examples of the multifunctional polymerizable compound include a multifunctional (meth)acrylate. A bifunctional (meth)acrylate is preferable and a bifunctional acrylate is more preferable.

[0061] More specific example of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) include tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (TCDDA) represented by Formula (γ1) or spiro-glycol diacrylate represented by Formula (γ2).

##STR00006##

[0062] The multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) is preferably TCDDA represented by Formula (γ1).

[0063] A content of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) in the radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited. The content is preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or more and 17% by mass or less. The multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having the content in these ranges is preferable from the viewpoint of flexibility of the printed matter.

[0064] (Other Components)

[0065] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure preferably includes the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) not having a bicyclo structure or a higher cyclic structure.

[0066] (Multifunctional Polymerizable Compound (Z))

[0067] The multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is a compound not having a bicyclo structure or a higher cyclic structure and having two or more polymerizable functional groups. For example, the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is a compound having a chain structure or a monocyclic structure and having two or more polymerizable functional groups. The monocyclic structure may have aromaticity. Examples of the polymerizable functional groups include the functional groups described in the above monofunctional polymerizable compound (β). Examples of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) include a bifunctional polymerizable compound and a trifunctional polymerizable compound. Specific examples of the multifunctional polymerizable compound include a multifunctional (meth)acrylate. More specific examples include a bifunctional (meth)acrylate and a trifunctional (meth)acrylate and the trifunctional acrylate is preferable.

[0068] The multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) is preferably an alkylene oxide adduct. Examples of the alkylene oxide adduct include an ethylene oxide adduct and a propylene oxide adduct. Specifically, the alkylene oxide adduct is preferably trimethylolpropane triacrylate represented by Formula (Z1) and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) represented by Formula (Z2).

##STR00007##

[0069] Here, n is an integer of 1 or more. For example, n is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 5. Specific examples of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) include ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (EO3TMPTA), ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (EO6TMPTA), ethoxylated (9) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (EO9TMPTA), ethoxylated (15) trimethylolpropane triacrylate (EO15TMPTA), and pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA). By controlling the addition number (n) of the alkylene oxide adduct, characteristics such as viscosity, curability of the ink, strength, toughness, elongation property, bending property, adhesiveness, and abrasion resistance of the cured matter and the printed matter can be controlled.

[0070] A content of the multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) in the radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited. The content is preferably 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, further preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or more and 17% by mass or less. The multifunctional polymerizable compound (Z) in the radiation-curable ink having the content in these ranges is preferable from the viewpoint of hardness and toughness of the printed matter.

[0071] (Chain-Structural Monofunctional Polymerizable Compound (α))

[0072] The radiation-curable ink can include a chain-structural monofunctional polymerizable compound (α) as an optional component. Examples of the chain-structural monofunctional polymerizable compound (α) include a chain-structural monofunctional (meth) acrylate.

[0073] Specific examples of the chain-structural monofunctional polymerizable compound (α) include an acrylate monomer having a glass transition point of a homopolymer of 0° C. or less and not having an alicyclic structure such as tridecyl acrylate (TDA) and ethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate (EOEOEA), which are described in Patent Literature 1. A content of the chain-structural monofunctional polymerizable compound (α) in the radiation-curable ink is not particularly limited. The content is preferably less than 20% by mass, more preferably less than 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass. The chain-structural monofunctional polymerizable compound (α) having the content in these ranges is preferable from the viewpoint of odor.

[0074] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure preferably further includes an initiator. The initiator is not particularly limited as long as the initiator can start curing of the polymerizable compounds by irradiating the polymerizable compounds with the radiation rays.

[0075] Examples of the initiator include acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiators such as (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-diphenyl-phosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenyl-phosphine oxide, and ethoxy-phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide; α-aminoalkylphenone-based initiators such as 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone; 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, xanthone, fluorenone, benzaldehyde, fluorene, anthraquinone, triphenylamine, carbazole, 3-methylacetophenone, 4-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-dimethoxybenzophenone, Michler's ketone, benzoin propyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzyl dimethyl ketal, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, thioxanthone, diethylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, and 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholino-propan-1-one. These initiators may be used singly or in combination.

[0076] Of these initiators, the acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator represented by Formula (I) is preferably used, where R.sub.i1, R.sub.i2, and R.sub.i3 each are independently an alkoxyl group or a hydrocarbon group having or not having a substituent.

##STR00008##

[0077] Examples of the hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group, a phenyl group, and 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl group.

[0078] As the initiator, instead of using the α-aminoalkylphenone-based initiator, use of the acyl phosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator represented by Formula (I) is more preferable.

[0079] (Coloring Agent)

[0080] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure preferably further includes a coloring agent. As the coloring agent, various coloring agents of CMYB can be appropriately used. The coloring agent can be dissolved or dispersed in the above polymerizable compound phase.

[0081] Examples of the coloring agents in the case of a cyan ink include C. I. Pigment Blue-1, 2, 3, 15:3, 15:4, 15:34, 16, 22, and 60.

[0082] Examples of the coloring agents in the case of a magenta ink include C. I. Pigment Red 5, 7, 12, 48 (Ca), 48 (Mn), 57 (Ca), 57:1, 112, 122, 123, 168, 184, 202, 209, and C. I. Pigment Violet 19.

[0083] Examples of the coloring agents in the case of a yellow ink include C. I. Pigment Yellow 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14C, 16, 17, 73, 74, 75, 83, 93, 95, 97, 98, 109, 110, 114, 120, 128, 129, 130, 138, 150, 151, 154, 155, 180, and 185.

[0084] Examples of the coloring agents in the case of a black ink include HCF, MCF, RCF, LFF, and SCF manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation; MONARCH and REGAL manufactured by Cabot Corporation; Color Black, Special Black, and Printex manufactured by Degussa-Hills AG; Toka Black manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.; and Raven manufactured by Columbia Chemical Corporation.

[0085] An amount of the coloring agent to be blended is not particularly limited. For example, the amount is preferably from 1% by mass to 20% by mass and more preferably from 1% by mass to 10% by mass relative to the total amount of the radiation-curable ink as a basis.

[0086] (Other Component)

[0087] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure may further include other components within a range that does not impair the effect of the present disclosure. Examples of other components include a sensitizer, a chain transfer agent, a polymerization inhibitor, a crosslinking agent, an antiaging agent, an antioxidant, an antiseptic, a phosphate ester-based or other flame retardant, a wetting and dispersing agent, an antistatic agent, a plasticizer, a surface lubricant, a leveling agent, a softener, an organic filler, and an inorganic filler.

[0088] Examples of the sensitizer include amines that do not cause addition reaction with the polymerization components such as trimethylamine, methyldimethanolamine, triethanolamine, p-diethylaminoacetophenone, ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, and 4,4′-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone.

[0089] The chain transfer agent is not particularly limited as long as the chain transfer agent is a compound that can control the molecular weight of the polymer. Blending of the chain transfer agent can prevent the molecular weight of the cured matter from being excessively high at the time of radiation ray curing. Examples of the chain transfer agent include a thiol compound such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and γ-mercaptoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-pentene. A content of the chain transfer agent is not particularly limited. For example, the chain transfer agent can be blended in the radiation-curable ink in an amount of preferably from 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, more preferably from 0.2% by mass to 4% by mass, and particularly preferably from 0.3% by mass to 3% by mass.

[0090] Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, hydroquinone, methoquinone, p-methoxyphenol, butylhydroxytoluene, and nitrosamine salts. A content of the polymerization inhibitor is not particularly limited. For example, the polymerization inhibitor may be added in the radiation-curable ink in the range from 0.01% by mass to 2% by mass. The polymerization inhibitor can inhibit polymerization caused by, for example, heat generation by radiation ray curing and can improve storage stability of the radiation-curable ink.

[0091] (Preparation of Radiation-Curable Ink)

[0092] A method for preparing the radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited. For example, the coloring agent and the disperser are mixed with the polymerizable compounds and the resultant mixture is stirred to prepare a pigment dispersion of about 20% by mass. A mixture liquid including the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom and the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having a polycyclic structure, the initiator, the polymerization inhibitor, and the pigment dispersion, which are added if necessary, is dispersed using a stirrer or an emulsifier such as a homogenizer and a colloid mill.

[0093] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited by the applications of the radiation-curable ink. The radiation-curable ink, however, is suitable for the ink for inkjet because the ink itself is easily adapted to inkjet characteristics such as excellent dispersion and dissolution of the coloring agent and easy control of the viscosity, odor can be reduced during the time of ink ejection, and printing environment can be improved. For example, the radiation-curable ink satisfying any one or all characteristics such as a viscosity of 100 Pa.Math.s or lower and preferably 50 mPa.Math.s or lower, and a value of odor evaluation of 8 or lower under conditions of a performance test described below is particularly suitable for the ink for inkjet.

[0094] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure can provide a deposited body as an ink layer by depositing the ink using an inkjet method, a spray method, a bar coating method, or the like on a base material, and irradiating the deposited ink with radiation rays from an LED light source or the like to cure the ink. The deposited body may be formed over the base material through a primer or the ink layer may be used as an overcoat or a primer.

[0095] The obtained deposited matter has excellent characteristics in that the performances such as hardness and toughness are excellent and that odor is low. Therefore, the deposited matter including the base material and the ink layer formed by curing the radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure is particularly suitable for applications such as printed matters, indoor furnishings, toys, resin molded products, decoration parts, interior materials, building materials, medical supplies, and food packages.

[0096] (Method for Producing Radiation-Curable Ink)

[0097] The radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure can change the characteristics such as a viscosity and curability of the obtained ink and the characteristics such as strength, toughness, elongation property, bending property, adhesiveness, and abrasion resistance of the cured matter and the printed matter by including the alkylene oxide adduct into the polymerizable compounds and controlling the addition number of the alkylene oxide adduct. For example, in the case where the addition number of the alkylene oxide adduct is represented by n as Formula (Z1), change in the addition number n to 1, 2, 3, 4, or the like allows the characteristics such as strength to be changed. For example, as the addition number n becomes smaller, the strength can be increased.

[0098] This technique is not only applicable to the radiation-curable ink according to the present disclosure alone but also applicable to other radiation-curable ink. Namely, the specific radiation-curable ink having desired characteristics can be obtained by the method for producing a radiation-curable ink. A method includes including a polymerizable compound being an alkylene oxide adduct in the radiation-curable ink; 1) addition number determining steps of: preparing a plurality of radiation-curable ink samples in which the addition numbers of the alkylene oxide adducts are different; forming a plurality of cured samples by curing the radiation-curable ink samples; measuring characteristics of each of the cured samples to obtain relationship between the addition number of the alkylene oxide adducts and the characteristics of the cured matters; and determining the addition number of the alkylene oxide adducts corresponding to desired characteristics based on the relationship; and 2) a preparing step of preparing the radiation-curable ink including the alkylene oxide adducts having the determined addition number.

[0099] For example, the radiation-curable ink is formed by including a polymerizable compound being an alkylene oxide adduct in the radiation-curable ink. The method for producing the radiation-curable ink includes, 1) addition number determining steps of: preparing a plurality of radiation-curable ink samples in which the addition numbers of the alkylene oxide adducts are different; forming a plurality of coating film samples by applying the radiation-curable ink samples; measuring hardness of each of the coating film samples to obtain correlation information of the addition number of the alkylene oxide adducts and the hardness of the coating film samples; and determining the addition number of the alkylene oxide adducts corresponding to desired coating film hardness based on the correlation information; and 2) a preparing step of preparing the radiation-curable ink including the alkylene oxide adducts having the determined addition number. Consequently, the radiation-curable ink in which the viscosity and the characteristics such as hardness and toughness of the obtained printed matter are controlled can be easily produced. The radiation-curable ink in which the viscosity and the characteristics such as hardness and toughness of the obtained printed matter are controlled can be easily produced by including 1) addition number determining steps of determining the addition number of the alkylene oxide adducts, 2) a content determining step of determining a content of the alkylene oxide adducts, and 3) a preparation step of preparing the radiation-curable ink by including the alkylene oxide adducts having the determined addition number in the determined content.

[0100] In the case where the polymerizable compound being the alkylene oxide adduct is a (meth)acrylic compound being the alkylene oxide adduct, the viscosity and the hardness and toughness of the obtained printed matter are more easily controlled.

EXAMPLES

[0101] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described with reference to Examples. The present disclosure, however, is not limited thereto. The performance tests of various solvent ink samples are carried out by the following methods. Here, “part” refers to “part by mass” unless otherwise noted.

[0102] (Viscosity)

[0103] Viscosity was measured using TVE-33L (manufactured by TOKI SANGYO CO., LTD.) under conditions of a measurement temperature of 25° C. and a rotation number of 20 rpm. An ink having excessively high viscosity (for example, an ink having a viscosity of higher than 50 mPa.Math.s and in particular an ink having a viscosity of higher than 100 mPa.Math.s) is inappropriate for the ink for inkjet.

[0104] (Odor)

[0105] A printed matter after curing was cut into pieces having a size of 5 cm×5 cm and the cut pieces were placed in a plastic bag. The pieces were left to stand for 24 hours at room temperature and thereafter odor was evaluated. The odor was evaluated in accordance with the following criteria and values obtained from ten graders were calculated to obtain an average value. The sample having an average value of evaluation of seven or larger has practically acceptable level.

[0106] 10-9: A level in which no odor is sensed.

[0107] 8-7: A level in which odor is slightly sensed.

[0108] 6-5: A level in which odor is sensed in some degree but is not an unpleasant level.

[0109] 4-3: A level in which the sample has pronounced odor.

[0110] 2-1: A level in which the sample has remarkably pronounced odor.

[0111] (Curability)

[0112] An amount of ultraviolet rays irradiating the printed matter was varied. A coating film was scraped with a cotton swab. Whether the sample is cured is determined by observing the absence of scrape.

[0113] ◯: The sample is cured at 600 mJ/cm.sup.2.

[0114] Δ: The sample is cured at 1200 mJ/cm.sup.2.

[0115] X: 1800 mJ/cm.sup.2 or more is required for curing.

[0116] (Tackiness)

[0117] A printed film obtained by printing the ink to a white polyvinyl chloride sheet was touched with a finger to evaluate tackiness in accordance with the following criteria.

[0118] 5: Tackiness is not virtually felt.

[0119] 4: Tackiness is slightly felt.

[0120] 3: Tackiness is felt in a certain degree.

[0121] 2: Tackiness is felt.

[0122] 1: Remarkable tackiness is felt.

[0123] (Pencil Hardness)

[0124] A printed film obtained by printing the ink onto a PET base material was scratched with pencils having each hardness at 45 degrees and a certain load for 1 cm. The pencil hardness was determined to be hardness of the pencil that does not generate scratch.

[0125] (Abrasion Resistance)

[0126] A printed film obtained by printing the ink to a white polyvinyl chloride sheet was worn with a sand paper (#400) for 100 times of reciprocation using a Gakushin type tester RT-300 (manufactured by DAIEI KAGAKU SEIKI MFG. co., ltd.). A load was 2 N and a worn speed was 30 times of reciprocation/min. A state of the printed film after the worn test was evaluated.

[0127] ◯: No exposure of base material.

[0128] Δ: A part (about 10%) of the base material is exposed.

[0129] X: More than 10% of the base material is exposed.

[0130] (Elongation Ratio)

[0131] A printed film obtained by printing the ink to a white polyvinyl chloride sheet was evaluated using a tensile tester Autograph AGS-1KNJ (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). The sample was elongated with a tensile speed of 50 mm/min and an elongation ratio until cracks were generated was calculated.

[0132] (Bending Resistance)

[0133] A bending resistance of a printed film obtained by printing the ink to a white polyvinyl chloride sheet was evaluated using a mandrel bending tester in accordance with JIS K5600-5-1 (Bend test (cylindrical mandrel)). The mandrels having a diameter of 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and 32 mm were used. A minimum diameter of the mandrel at which cracks and peeling of the printed film obtained by printing the ink to a white polyvinyl chloride sheet were not observed was determined. As the obtained value becomes smaller, the bending resistance becomes better.

[0134] (Adhesiveness)

[0135] A peeling test of the cross-cut of the printed film (2 mm square, 25 squares) was carried out with an adhesive cellophane tape. A number of the peeled squares out of 25 squares was determined. The results were evaluated in accordance with the following criteria.

[0136] 5: The number of the peeled squares in the cross-cut test is 0.

[0137] 4: The number of the peeled squares in the cross-cut test is from 1 to 5.

[0138] 3: The number of the peeled squares in the cross-cut test is from 6 to 13.

[0139] 2: The number of the peeled squares in the cross-cut test is from 14 to 19.

[0140] 1: The number of the peeled squares in the cross-cut test is 20 or more.

[0141] (Weatherability)

[0142] The printed matter was tested with ATLAS Weather-O-Meter Ci4000 (manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisaku-sho, Ltd.) under conditions of light irradiation and water spray for 500 hours.

[0143] Thereafter, a surface of the printed matter was observed.

[0144] ◯: No cracks are generated.

[0145] Δ: Microcracks are generated.

[0146] X: Cracks are generated in an entire surface.

Example 1

[0147] (Preparation of Ink)

[0148] A pigment dispersion liquid E (pigment concentration 20% by mass) was prepared by blending 20 parts of Pigment Blue [15:3], 4 parts of Solsperse 32000 (pigment disperser, manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation), and 76 parts of CTFA (100 parts in total), mixing these materials, and stirring the resultant mixture. Subsequently, as listed in Table 1, a mixture liquid of 10 parts of the obtained pigment dispersion liquid E, 50.9 parts of CTFA as the monofunctional polymerizable compound (β) having a heterocyclic structure in which a hetero atom is an oxygen atom, 15 parts of TCDDA as the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ) having a polycyclic structure, 15 parts of EO3TMPTA as the multifunctional polymerizable compound (γ), 5 parts of TPO as the initiator, 1 part of IRGACURE 819, 3 parts of DETX, 0.03 part of alba as the polymerization inhibitor, and 0.1 part of TEGO Rad2100 as a surface adjuster was dispersed with a horizontal bead mill (using zirconia beads having a diameter of 0.5 mm) to prepare a radiation-curable ink E1. The viscosity and odor of the obtained radiation-curable ink E1 were tested. The obtained results are listed in Table 1.

[0149] (Preparation of Printed Matter)

[0150] Subsequently, a printed matter EA1 was prepared with the radiation-curable ink E1 using an inkjet printer (trade name: UJF3042, multi-pass method, equipped with UV-LED lamp, manufactured by MIMAKI ENGINEERING CO., LTD.). The curability, the tackiness, the pencil hardness, the abrasion resistance, the elongation ratio, the bending resistance, the adhesiveness, and the weatherability were tested for a printing part having a 100% concentration in a solid pattern having a resolution of 720×600 dpi. The evaluation results are listed in Table 1.

Examples 2 to 9

[0151] Radiation-curable inks E2 to E9 were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 in accordance with the formulations listed in Table 1. The viscosity and odor were tested using the obtained radiation-curable inks E2 to E9. The evaluation results are listed in Table 1.

[0152] Printed matters EA2 to EA9 were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using the radiation-curable inks E2 to E9. The curability, the tackiness, the pencil hardness, the abrasion resistance, the elongation ratio, the bending resistance, the adhesiveness, and the weatherability were tested using the obtained printed matters EA2 to EA9. The evaluation results are listed in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2

[0153] (Preparation of Ink)

[0154] A pigment dispersion liquid R (pigment concentration 20% by mass) was prepared by blending 20 parts of Pigment Blue [15:3], 4 parts of Solsperse 32000 (pigment disperser, manufactured by Lubrizol Corporation), and 76 parts of 2-phenoxethyl acrylate (100 parts in total), mixing these materials, and stirring the resultant mixture. Radiation-curable inks R1 and R2 were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using the pigment dispersion liquid R instead of the pigment dispersion liquid E in accordance with the formulations listed in Table 1. The radiation-curable inks R1 and R2 are corresponding to the radiation-curable inks described in Patent Document 1. The viscosity and odor were tested using the obtained radiation-curable inks R1 and R2. The evaluation results are listed in Table 1.

[0155] (Preparation of Printed Matters)

[0156] Printed matters RA1 and RA2 were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 using the radiation-curable inks R1 and R2. The curability, the tackiness, the pencil hardness, the abrasion resistance, the elongation ratio, the bending resistance, the adhesiveness, and the weatherability were tested using the obtained printed matters RA1 and RA2. The evaluation results are listed in Table 1.

[0157] As can be seen from Table 1, the radiation-curable inks according to the present disclosure have appropriate viscosity, low odor, and excellent curability and provides the printed matters having excellent hardness and toughness.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Tg (Homopolymer) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Pigment dispersion Pigment dispersion 10 10 10 10 10 liquid liquid (pigment 20% by weight)* Monofunctional CTFA 32 50.9 50.9 50.9 50.9 35.9 polymerizable IBXA 88 compound EOEOEA −54 TDA −55 Alicyclic multifunctional TCDDA 186 15 15 15 15 5 polymerizable compound Chain-structural EO3TMPTA −40 15 40 multifunctional EO6TMPTA −8 15 polymerizable compound EO9TMPTA −19 15 (alkylene oxide adduct) EO15TMPTA −32 15 Initiator TPO 5 5 5 5 5 TPO-L Irgacure 819 1 1 1 1 1 DETX 3 3 3 3 3 Additive TEGORAD2100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Alba 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Viscosity (mPa .Math. s) 27.5 29.8 31.6 33.5 35.0 Odor (10-step evaluation) 9 9 9 9 8 Curability 0 0 0 0 0 Tackiness (5-step evaluation) 4 4 4 4 4 Physical property Pencil hardness 5H 4H 4H 4H 6H Abrasion resistance 0 0 0 0 0 Elongation ratio (%) 120% 120% 130% 130% 110% Mandrel bending test (mm) 3 2 2 2 3 PVC adhesiveness (5-step evaluation) 5 5 5 5 5 Weatherability ◯ — ◯ — ◯ Tg Example Example Example Example Comparative Comparative (Homopolymer) 6 7 8 9 Example 1 Example 2 Pigment dispersion Pigment dispersion 10 10 10 10 10 10 liquid liquid (pigment 20% by weight)* Monofunctional CTFA 32 70.9 43.4 47.9 65.9 polymerizable IBXA 88 25.9 25.9 compound EOEOEA −54 10 40 TDA −55 40 Alicyclic multifunctional TCDDA 186 5 22.5 15 15 15 15 polymerizable compound Chain-structural l EO3TMPTA −40 5 5 15 multifunctiona EO6TMPTA −8 polymerizable compound EO9TMPTA −19 (alkylene oxide adduct) EO15TMPTA −32 Initiator TPO 5 5 5 5 5 TPO-L 8 Irgacure 819 1 1 1 1 1 1 DETX 3 3 3 3 3 3 Additive TEGORAD2100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Alba 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Physical property Viscosity (mPa .Math. s) 17.6 19.2 28.1 19.2 7.7 9.6 Odor (10-step evaluation) 8 9 10 8 3 3 Curability ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ X Δ Tackiness (5-step evaluation) 4 4 4 4 3 3 Pencil hardness 4H 4H 4H 3H 2H HB Abrasion resistance ◯ ◯ ◯ ◯ Δ X Elongation ratio (%) 170% 130% 120% 160% 150% 140% Mandrel bending test (mm) 2 2 3 2 2 2 PVC adhesiveness (5-step evaluation) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Weatherability — ◯ ◯ — Δ Δ *Examples 1 to 9: 20% by weight of pigment in CTFA, Comparative Example 1 and 2: 20% by weight of pigment in 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate

[0158] The abbreviations in Table 1 are as follows.

CTFA: Cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate
IBXA: Isobornyl acrylate
EOEOEA: Ethoxydiethylene glycol acrylate
TDA: Tridecyl acrylate
TCDDA: Tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate
EO3TMPTA: Ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate
EO6TMPTA: Ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate
EO9TMPTA: Ethoxylated (9) trimethylolpropane triacrylate
EO15TMPTA: Ethoxylated (15) trimethylolpropane triacrylate
TPO: 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide (manufactured by BASF SE)
TOP-L: Ethoxy-phenyl-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide
IRGACURE819: Bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenyl-phosphine oxide
DETX: 2,4-Diethylthioxanthen-9-one (manufactured by Lambson Ltd.)
TEGO Rad2100: Silicon acrylate
alba (NONFLEX ALBA): 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.)

[0159] As Examples 1 to 6 in Table 1 are shown, the physical property values such as the pencil hardness, the elongation ratio, and the mandrel bending test are different depending on the addition number and blended ratio of the alkylene oxide adducts. For example, Examples 2 to 4 indicate the same pencil hardness of 4H. However, as the addition number of the alkylene oxide adduct becomes larger, the hardness tends to become sensuously softer in the order from the printed matter EA1 (Example 1) to the printed matter EA4 (Example 4). As the content of the alkylene oxide adduct becomes higher, the printed matter tends to become harder in comparison of Example 1 with Example 5. Using the information, the radiation-curable ink having desired characteristic values can be prepared.

[0160] Various embodiments and modifications are possible without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the above-described embodiments are only for describing the present disclosure and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure. Namely, the scope of the present disclosure is determined not due to the embodiments but due to the claims. Various modifications that are made within the scope of the claims and within the meaning of the disclosure equivalent thereto are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.