Active device for attenuating acoustic emissions for a turbojet engine including controlled turbines

Abstract

An active device for attenuating the acoustic emissions of an aircraft turbojet engine includes circulation conduits for a pressurized air flow rate supplying rotary elements each having a pulsation system for the delivered air. The rotary elements are controlled in amplitude and phase and deliver, to outlet diffusers, a pulsed air flow rate with a pulsation at the frequency of the noise to be attenuated having an amplitude and a phase adjusted according to a local feedback law with microphones to attenuate the radiated acoustic power.

Claims

1. An aircraft turbojet nacelle of an aircraft turbojet engine comprising an active device for attenuating tonal acoustic emissions of the aircraft turbojet nacelle, the active device comprising: a circulation conduit for supplying controlled pressurized air flow from a flow path; a diffuser disposed at an outlet of the circulation conduit; and a rotary element receiving a supplied controlled pressurized air of the air flow and being fluidly coupled to the diffuser, wherein the rotary element comprises: a chopping system configured to pulsate a flow of the supplied controlled pressurized air, and an outlet sleeve positioned between the chopping system and the diffuser, wherein: the rotary element is controlled in speed and delivers to the diffuser a pulsed air flow rate of the pulsated flow with a pulsation having an adjusted frequency, phase, and amplitude so as to reduce acoustic power radiated out of the nacelle, and the outlet sleeve has an adjustable passage geometry for the pulsed air flow rate, wherein the adjustable passage geometry of the outlet sleeve is adjusted based on the adjusted frequency of the pulsed air flow rate, the adjustable passage geometry of the outlet sleeve adjusts a length of the outlet sleeve between the rotary element and the diffuser, wherein the circulation conduit comprises an air inlet taken on a secondary flow given by a fan of the aircraft turbojet engine, and wherein the aircraft turbojet engine is a bypass turbojet engine.

2. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of sensors to monitor acoustic waves in the nacelle in order to calculate, in real time, control of the rotary element.

3. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, further comprising a controller configured to obtain information regarding an angle of rotation of the aircraft turbojet engine.

4. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, wherein the rotary element is formed by a rotor comprising windows for passage of the pulsed air flow rate of the rotary element.

5. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 4, wherein the rotor forms a drum rotating along its axis and having a transverse face equipped with air inlet holes in the drum, the windows being distributed over a cylindrical contour of the drum.

6. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, wherein the rotary element is driven by an electric motor or a pneumatic motor and further includes an electromagnetic speed regulation brake.

7. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, wherein the active device includes a plurality of flow rate control valves arranged upstream of the rotary element.

8. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, wherein the diffuser is located at a pulsed flowing outlet downstream of the rotary element and is secured to a wall of the aircraft turbojet engine to diffuse an attenuating air of the pulsed flow in front of the wall.

9. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1 further comprising an air flow rate control valve.

10. The aircraft turbojet nacelle according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of the active devices for attenuating tonal acoustic emissions disposed in a ring.

Description

DRAWINGS

(1) In order that the disclosure may be well understood, there will now be described various forms thereof, given by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of active attenuation of the noise of a turbojet engine according to the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an active device for attenuating tonal acoustic emissions of chopping=by rotary shutter, which forms a pulsed flow generator according to the present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of an active device for attenuating tonal acoustic emissions of chopping with a drum rotor having openings for the passage of air flow according to the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4 is an axial sectional diagram of a bypass turbojet engine equipped with the active control device of the radiated acoustic power according to the present disclosure; and

(6) FIG. 5 shows choppers installed in a cold air flow path of the turbojet engine according to the present disclosure.

(7) The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(8) The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

(9) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a flow path 2 channeling a main pressurized air flow 8 generated by a fan 6 actuated by a motorization 4, having acoustic vibrations that one seeks to attenuate.

(10) A circulation conduit 20 includes an air inlet 22 disposed on the wall of the flow path 2, receiving a flow rate of pressurized air taken from this flow, then successively a flow rate control valve 24 which delivers this flow rate of air to a chopper (i.e., a rotary element) 26 behaving like a pulsation system, then a diffuser 28 opening onto the wall of the flow path.

(11) The rotary element 26, which chops the air flow rate, forms a pulsed flowing generator that includes a rotor 34 driven by the actuator 30 (also referred to herein as a motor), having cavities constituting the chopping system, whose speed of rotation and phase are controlled.

(12) The air flow rate then passes through a possibly adjustable sleeve 32 (also referred to an adjustable outlet sleeve) disposed at the outlet of the rotary element 26, having a passage geometry for this adjustable air flow rate, which delivers this flow rate to the diffuser 28.

(13) It will be noted that the sound power exiting through the diffuser 28 comes mainly from the air flow rate taken from the air inlet 22 in the main air flow. The rotary element 26 only performs periodic modulation of the incoming air flow rate.

(14) The diffuser 28 delivers a pulsed air flow rate generating an acoustic wave (secondary field) 18, at the frequency of the primary field to be attenuated from the main pressurized air flow 8, to obtain a less noisy outgoing air flow 16, that is to say having a reduction in the acoustic power radiated out of the nacelle for this fundamental frequency.

(15) Microphones 10 (i.e., sensors) constituting sound pressure measurement systems in the nacelle, deliver data representing in particular the frequency, amplitude and phase of the residual field, to a control algorithm 12, and to a controller 14 receiving data of this algorithm.

(16) Particularly, the microphones 10 produce a feedback loop to reproduce a local virtual acoustic impedance equivalent to a local law between the acoustic pressure and the setpoint given to each tonal pneumatic source.

(17) The controller 14 controls the flow rate control valve 24 to adjust the pressure and the average air flow rate delivered to the rotary element 26, and controls the motor 30 with its encoder to adjust the speed of rotation of the rotor 34 and its angular setting, so as to generate in its output flow rate.

(18) The adjustable outlet sleeve 32 allows completing output air flow rate characteristics.

(19) For this purpose, the adjustable sleeve 32 can be adjusted in its length so that it partly forms a length adjustable channel between the rotary element 26 or chopper 26 and the diffuser 28.

(20) The adjustable sleeve 32 then makes it possible to vary this length so as to adjust the channel according to the frequency delivered by the rotary element or chopper 26 in order to increase the sound power radiated at the outlet of the diffuser 28.

(21) The variation in the length of the channel is advantageously at least half a wavelength of the lowest frequency delivered by the rotary element 26.

(22) According to a series of characteristics that can be taken alone or in combination:

(23) the connection between the adjustable outlet sleeve 32 and the rotary element 26 is an embedding connection;

(24) the connection between the diffuser 28 and the adjustable outlet sleeve 32 is a sliding connection; and

(25) the sliding connection can advantageously be adjusted and blocked in translation.

(26) These characteristics make it possible to modulate the sound power at the outlet of the diffuser 28.

(27) The translational adjustment of the adjustable sleeve 32 can either be calibrated at the factory or controlled by an electric actuator.

(28) Such an actuator can advantageously be of the solenoid type and controlled by an amplitude servo loop.

(29) When the translational adjustment of the adjustable sleeve 32 is controlled by an electric actuator, the measurements made by the microphones 10 and which are located downstream of the sound field are processed in real time by the control algorithm 12 and the controller 14, this in order to improve the sound amplitude of the counter-noise coming from the diffuser 28. It will be understood that the counter-noise results from the noise to be attenuated.

(30) As a variant, other sources of air pressure can be used to supply the circulation conduit 20, comprising for example a primary flow of the engine of the turbojet engine motorization, coming from its turbine or from a stage of its compressor, or coming from a specific air compressor driven by an electric motor, a booster or an air pressure accumulator.

(31) FIG. 3 shows a rotary element 26 including a housing 40 having an axial inlet 42 receiving the inlet air flow rate, and a lateral outlet 44 delivering the output air flow rate.

(32) The rotor 34 forms a drum disposed along the axis of rotation, including a flange facing the inlet 42 having a succession of bores 52 so as to form a high permeability to this air which enters the drum. The contour of the drum has six rectangular openings forming regularly distributed windows 54, elongated parallel to the axis, each include a width substantially equal to the width of the wall between two openings.

(33) The rotor 34 is extended on the side opposite the inlet 42 by an armature 48 engaged in a stator 46 forming an inductor, constituting an electric motor making it possible to control the speed of rotation of this rotor as well as its angular setting giving its phase.

(34) In this way, each window 54 is located successively in front of the outlet 44, forming a flow rate chopper which gives in the air outlet flow rate a pulsation corresponding to the frequency of passage of these openings, with a phasing corresponding to the angular setting of these openings.

(35) As a variant, the rotor 34 can be driven by any other motorization system, such as a pneumatic motor supplied by an air bypass coming from the turbojet, and braked by an electromagnetic brake to adjust its speed of rotation.

(36) FIGS. 4 and 5 show a pressurized air flow rate 38 taken directly from the turbojet engine motorization, which supplies the rotary elements 26 disposed about the outer wall 60 of the air inlet or of the annular air cold flow path, by forming around the nacelle both upstream and downstream of the fan 6, a set of two parallel rings close to each other.

(37) The motorization of the turbojet engine also supplies the controller 14 with information 36 that provides the angle of rotation, which makes it possible to directly know the frequency of different acoustic emissions, in particular of the blades of the fan 6.

(38) FIG. 5 shows in detail a set of turbines 26, also called rotary elements or choppers, disposed in a ring about the wall 60 of a flow path of cold air flow, each connected by a conduit 20 supplied by a circular conduit 62 circling the nacelle. Each turbine 26 is disposed as close as possible to its diffuser 28, which is fixed directly to the outer wall 62.

(39) In addition, the nacelle of the turbojet engine may include on its walls of acoustic panels having conventional resonators, to work on the attenuation of medium frequencies while the active device 5 according to the present disclosure attenuates low frequencies. In this way, each device works on its own frequency ranges.

(40) In a simple and efficient way, with a system consuming little energy, using an air flow rate having a pressure in the range of 2 to 3 bars, a significant attenuation of the sound emission levels of the fan 6 which can reach more than 150 dB is obtained.

(41) The present disclosure is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that one skilled in the art is able to achieve different forms of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

(42) Unless otherwise expressly indicated herein, all numerical values indicating mechanical/thermal properties, compositional percentages, dimensions and/or tolerances, or other characteristics are to be understood as modified by the word “about” or “approximately” in describing the scope of the present disclosure. This modification is desired for various reasons including industrial practice, material, manufacturing, and assembly tolerances, and testing capability.

(43) As used herein, the phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A OR B OR C), using a non-exclusive logical OR, and should not be construed to mean “at least one of A, at least one of B, and at least one of C.”

(44) The description of the disclosure is merely exemplary in nature and, thus, variations that do not depart from the substance of the disclosure are intended to be within the scope of the disclosure. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.