COMPOSITE TREAD WITH TARGETED STIFFNESS GRADIENT AND METHOD OF MAKING

Abstract

A method for forming a composite tread, the method comprising the steps of: forming a coextruded strip of a first compound and a second compound, wherein the first compound is a tread compound, and the second compound is formed from a second compound, wherein the tread is formed from winding the coextruded strip onto the tire building drum while varying the ratio of the first compound to the second compound

Claims

1. A method for forming a composite tread, the method comprising the steps of: forming a coextruded strip of a first compound and a second compound, wherein the first compound is a tread compound, and the second compound is formed from a second compound, wherein the tread is formed from winding the coextruded strip onto the tire building drum while varying the ratio of the first compound to the second compound.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the lateral edges of the tread are 90-100% of the first compound.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of forming a rib while continuously varying the ratio of the first compound to the second compound.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the lateral edges of the tread and the tread blocks are formed from 90-100% of the first compound, and 0-10% of the second compound.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the second compound comprises a rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 23 to 31 MPa.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the second compound comprises a rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 23 to 50 MPa.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the second compound comprises a rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 40 to 60 MPa.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the first compound to the second compound is varied by changing the ratio of the speed of the first gear pump to the second gear pump.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip is formed in a continuous manner.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip is applied in a continuous manner to a tire building machine to build a tire component.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the tread has one or more grooves, wherein the walls of the grooves are formed from a layer of 100% of the second compound.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0023] FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a green (uncured) tread formed from two layers of strip lamination of a coextruded strip, and FIG. 1B is a close up view of area designated as 1B of FIG. 1A;

[0024] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a coextruded strip of 90% of a first compound and 10% of a second compound of the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a perspective view of a coextruded strip of 95% of a first compound and 5% of a second compound;

[0025] FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a desired tire tread profile, and FIG. 3B is a close up view of the tire tread profile formed from coextruded strip;

[0026] FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a green (uncured) tread formed from a single layer of strip lamination of a coextruded strip, and FIG. 4B is a close up view of the dotted area of FIG. 4A;

[0027] FIG. 5 is a close up cross-sectional view of a dual compound apparatus for forming a coextruded strip onto a tire building drum; and

[0028] FIG. 6A is a perspective cutaway view of a coextrusion nozzle of the present invention, while FIG. 6B is a side cross-sectional view of the coextrusion nozzle of FIG. 6A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of tire tread 250 of the present invention. The tire tread 250 is formed by strip lamination, or by winding a continuous coextruded strip 210 of a first and second layer of two different compounds, wherein the strip is applied directly onto a tire building drum 18 (as shown in FIG. 5) or a shaped green carcass. The continuous strip 210 is shown in FIG. 2A, and is a dual layer or coextruded strip of a first layer 212 and second layer 214 formed of two different rubber tread compounds. The first layer 212 is formed from a first rubber compound which can be any mono cap tread compound, typically full silica. The second compound is preferably a stiff rubber compound or any compound selected for desired properties different from the first compound.

[0030] The apparatus used to form the continuous coextruded strip is described in the paragraphs below, and is shown in FIGS. 5-6. The apparatus can form the coextruded strip while instantaneously varying the ratio of the first compound to the second compound.

[0031] The coextruded strip forming apparatus 10 is used to form the tread shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B by rotating the drum 18 (or carcass) and then applying a continuous coextruded strip by spirally winding the strip onto the drum 18 or carcass. As shown, the strips are layered in the first row by overlapping the strips with each other. At the lateral ends, 255,257 the strip is preferably 100% of the first compound. Between the lateral ends 255,257 the coextruded strip composition is preferably in the range of 80-90% first compound, and 10-20% of a second compound. There are typically two rows of strips to form the tread. However, the coextruded strip composition may vary and be in the range of 10-100% of the first compound, and 90%-10 of the second compound. The coextruded strip composition may be changed almost instantaneously during application to the tire building drum due to the short residence time of the nozzle.

[0032] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrates a second embodiment of a green tire tread 400 that is formed from a single layer of coextruded strips. The first compound (shown in red) is selected to be a high silica tread compound, while the second compound represented (shown in yellow), is selected to have a desired property, in this case stiffness, but could also be other properties such as wet grip. As shown, the coextruded strips have different tread compound ratios that vary axially across the tread profile. The outer lateral edge 420 is formed of a coextruded strip having a range of 90-100% of the first (shown in black) compound. The ribs or tread blocks 430 and 440 are formed in the range of 70-90% of the second (yellow) compound, and 10-30% of the first (black compound). The tread has a transition section 435 located between the outer lateral edge 420 and the rib 440. In the transition section 435, the second compound (yellow) gradually increases. Rib or tread block 410 is primarily 90-100% of the first tread compound, and has a transition section 411 that increases the first tread compound from the rib 430 to the rib 410. The other lateral edge 450 is formed of a coextruded strip of 50% first rubber compound to 50% second rubber compound. Thus, each tread block or rib area has a stiffness gradient that varies axially across the tread block or rib. The strips are angled and arranged in a single layer.

[0033] The second compound is preferably a high wear rubber compound, preferably a compound having a very high G′ stiffness. The combination of the tread compound made with silica and the second compound of very high stiffness results in a tire tread with the desired wet performance and low rolling resistance, while providing desired stiffness in the designated areas of the tread.

[0034] The stiffness may be characterized by the dynamic modulus G′, which are sometimes referred to as the “shear storage modulus” or “dynamic modulus,” reference may be made to Science and Technology of Rubber, second edition, 1994, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif., edited by James E. Mark et al, pages 249-254. The shear storage modulus (G′) values are indicative of rubber compound stiffness which can relate to tire performance. In a first embodiment, the second rubber compound comprises a stiff rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 15 to 50 MPa. In a more preferred embodiment, the second rubber compound comprises a rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 25 to 40 MPa. In the most preferred embodiment, the second rubber compound comprises a rubber composition having a shear storage modulus G′ measured at 1% strain and 100° C. according to ASTM D5289 ranging from 30 to 40 MPa.

Coextruded Strip Forming Apparatus

[0035] As shown in FIGS. 7-8, the coextruded strip forming apparatus 10 includes a first extruder 30 and a second extruder 60, preferably arranged vertically in close proximity. The first extruder 30 has an inlet 32 for receiving a first rubber composition A, while the second extruder 60 has an inlet 62 for receiving a second rubber composition B. Each extruder functions to warm up the rubber composition to the temperature in the range of about 80° C. to about 150° C., preferably about 90° C. to about 120° C., and to masticate the rubber composition as needed. The coextruded strip forming apparatus 10 is mounted so that it can translate fore and aft in relation to a tire building drum 18.

[0036] Compound A is extruded by the first extruder 30 and then pumped by the first gear pump 42 into a nozzle 100, while at the same time Compound B is extruded by the second extruder 60 and then pumped by the second gear pump 44 into the coextrusion nozzle 100.

[0037] The coextrusion nozzle 100 has a removable insert 120 that functions to divide the nozzle into a first and second flow passageway 122,124. The removable insert 120 is preferably rectangular in cross-sectional shape. The removable insert 120 has a distal end 130 with tapered ends 132,134 forming a nose 136. The nose 136 is positioned adjacent the nozzle die exit 140 and spaced a few millimeters from the die exit 140. The region between the nose 136 and the die exit 140 is a low volume coextrusion zone 150 that is high pressure. In the low volume coextrusion zone 150, compound A flowstream 122 merges with compound B flowstream 124 forming two discrete layers 212,214 joined together at an interface 215.

[0038] The volume ratio of compound A to compound B may be changed by varying the ratio of the speed of gear pump of compound A to the speed of gear pump of compound B. The dual coextruded strip forming apparatus 10 can adjust the speed ratios on the fly, and due to the small residence time of the coextrusion nozzle, the apparatus has a fast response to a change in the compound ratios. This is due to the low volume of the coextrusion zone.

[0039] The methods and equipment used to form a coextruded strip of two different compounds can be used to create a composite tread structure with a ratio of reinforcement compound that may vary as desired. In one example, the desired property such as stiffness may be varied across a tread block or rib to create a stiffness gradient. The dual compound applier has the ability to put a stiffer compound in targeted or desired areas to provide extra stiffness where it is most effective without replacing large amounts of the main compound and comprising rolling resistance. This type of distribution would be impossible with a conventional extruder.

[0040] Variations in the present inventions are possible in light of the description of it provided herein. While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the subject invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope of the subject invention. It is, therefore, to be understood that changes can be made in the particular embodiments described which will be within the full intended scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.