METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MULTI-LAYER PLAIN BEARING, AND PLAIN BEARING PRODUCTION DEVICE

Abstract

A method for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing 1, includes the method steps: —providing a carrier body; —providing a bearing body; —applying the bearing body to the carrier body, wherein a carrier body connecting surface is turned towards a bearing body connecting surface; —deforming a bearing body by applying a magnetic force to the bearing body of using a magnetic force generator, wherein the bearing body is pressed on, by the magnetic force generator, to the carrier body and forms a force-fit and/or positive locking and/or materially bonded connection therewith.

Claims

1-15. (canceled)

16. A method for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing (1), comprising the method steps: providing a carrier body (2); providing a bearing body (3); positioning the bearing body (3) to the carrier body (2), wherein a carrier body connecting surface (5) is turned towards a bearing body connecting surface (6); deforming a bearing body (3) by applying a magnetic force to the bearing body (3) by means of a magnetic force generator (16); wherein the bearing body (3) is pressed on, by means of the magnetic force generator (16), to the carrier body (2) and forms a force-fit and/or positive locking and/or materially bonded connection therewith; and wherein the magnetic force generator (16) has a coil (17), wherein the coil (17) is arranged around the outside of the bearing body (3) in the circumferential direction, wherein the carrier body (2) is arranged inside the bearing body (3).

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the carrier body connecting surface (5) and the bearing body connecting surface (6) designed to be cylindrical.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein a solid-cylindrical pin is provided as the carrier body (2); and wherein the bearing body (3) is pushed onto the carrier body (2).

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the carrier body connecting surface (5) has a surface structure (7), such as a knurling.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the magnetic force generator (16) has a hollow-cylindrical design; and wherein the magnetic force generator (16) is arranged radially on the outside of and around the bearing body (3) for deforming the bearing body (3).

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein the magnetic force generator (16) comprises a coil (17) admitted with current; and wherein an electromagnetic force is applied to the bearing body (3) by means of the coil (17).

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein during the deformation of the bearing body (3), a voltage is applied to the bearing body (3) by means of a first electrode (19) attached to the bearing body (3) and a second electrode (20) attached to the bearing body (3), or the first electrode (19) and the second electrode (20) are short-circuited.

23. The method according to claim 16, wherein the bearing body (3) is formed of a paramagnetic bearing body material, a ferromagnetic bearing body material, or a diamagnetic bearing body material.

24. The method according to claim 16, wherein prior to the deforming of the bearing body (3), the bearing body connecting surface (6) is arranged at a distance (18) from the carrier body connecting surface (5); and wherein the bearing body (3) is accelerated in the direction of the carrier body (2) by means of the magnetic force generator (16), so that the bearing body connecting surface (6) hits the carrier body connecting surface (5) with an impact velocity of between 10 m/s and 1000 m/s, in particular between 100 m/s and 600 m/s, preferably between 250 m/s and 400 m/s.

25. The method according to claim 16, wherein a current surge of limited duration is released into the coil (17) admitted with current.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the current surge has a current strength of between 10 kA and 800 kA, in particular between 50 kA and 600 kA, preferably between 300 kA and 480 kA.

27. The method according to claim 16, wherein the magnetic force generated by the magnetic force generator (16) acts on the bearing body (3) in a locally limited section.

28. The method according to claim 16, wherein the carrier body (2) has a shaped element (23), such as a groove, on its carrier body connecting surface (5), wherein the bearing body (3), during its deformation, is pressed into the shaped element (23), so that a sliding surface (4) of the bearing body (3) has surface elements (24) fitted to the shaped element (23).

Description

[0057] These show in a respectively very simplified schematic representation:

[0058] FIG. 1 a schematic sectional view of a first exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer sliding bearing with a cylindrical sliding surface;

[0059] FIG. 2 a schematic sectional view of a second exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer sliding bearing with a flat sliding surface;

[0060] FIG. 3 a detailed view of a surface structure of a multi-layer sliding bearing;

[0061] FIG. 4 method steps for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing;

[0062] FIG. 5 a further method for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing;

[0063] FIG. 6 a method for producing a flat multi-layer sliding bearing;

[0064] FIG. 7 method steps for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing with deformed webs;

[0065] FIG. 8 a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a multi-layer sliding bearing with a surface element;

[0066] FIG. 9 an exemplary embodiment of a carrier body with a surface structure in the form of a knurling;

[0067] FIG. 10 an exemplary embodiment of a bearing body with an axial bearing region and a radial bearing region.

[0068] First of all, it is to be noted that in the different embodiments described, equal parts are provided with equal reference numbers and/or equal component designations, where the disclosures contained in the entire description may be analogously transferred to equal parts with equal reference numbers and/or equal component designations. Moreover, the specifications of location, such as at the top, at the bottom, at the side, chosen in the description refer to the directly described and depicted figure and in case of a change of position, these specifications of location are to be analogously transferred to the new position.

[0069] FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of multi-layer sliding bearing 1.

[0070] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 comprises at least one carrier body 2 and one bearing body 3. The carrier body 2 serves to provide the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 with the necessary stability. A sliding surface 4 is formed on the bearing body 3. The carrier body 2 has carrier body connecting surface 5, which, in the operational state of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1, abuts on a bearing body connecting surface 6 of the bearing body 3.

[0071] Moreover, it is also conceivable that the carrier body 2 and/or the bearing body 3 are built from multiple individual layers with different material compositions. In particular, it may be provided that the bearing body 3 has a surface coating, for example, in the region of the sliding surface 4.

[0072] As can be seen from FIG. 1, it may be provided that the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 have a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical design, and the carrier body connecting surface 5 and the carrier body connecting surface 6 have a cylindrical surface.

[0073] In this regard, it may be provided that the carrier body 2 is arranged inside the carrier body 3; in particular, it may be provided here that the carrier body connecting surface 5 is formed on the outer jacket of the carrier body 2, and that the bearing body connecting surface 6 is formed on the inner jacket of the bearing body 3. In particular, it can be provided that the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 are arranged coaxially relative to one another.

[0074] In a further exemplary embodiment that is not shown, it may also be provided that the carrier body 2 is designed as a solid-cylindrical body, for example in the form of a pin.

[0075] In a further exemplary embodiment that is not shown, it may be provided that the bearing body 3 is arranged on the inside of the carrier body 2, wherein the sliding surface 4 is formed on the inner lateral surface of the bearing body 3.

[0076] A multi-layer sliding bearing 1 as shown in FIG. 1 serves for rotatory bearing of two component relative to one another.

[0077] FIG. 2 shows a further and possibly independent embodiment of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1, wherein again, equal reference numbers/component designations are used for equal parts as before in FIG. 1. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is pointed to/reference is made to the detailed description in FIG. 1 preceding it.

[0078] FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1. As can be seen from FIG. 2, it may be provided that the carrier body 2 and/or the bearing body 3 are at least partially designed flat. In particular, it may be provided that the sliding surface 4 forms a flat surface. Moreover, it may be provided that the carrier body connecting surface 5 and the bearing body connecting surface 6 also form a flat surface, in which they are connected to one another. A thus formed multi-layer sliding bearing 1 may be used, for example, as a linear bearing.

[0079] Moreover, it is also conceivable that the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 is designed in the form of a bearing pad.

[0080] In FIG. 3, a further and possibly independent embodiment of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 is shown, wherein again equal reference numbers and/or component designations are used for equal parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 and 2. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is pointed to/reference is made to the detailed description in FIGS. 1 and 2 preceding it.

[0081] FIG. 3 shows, in a sectional view, a first exemplary embodiment of a connection between the carrier body connecting surface 5 and the bearing body connecting surface 6 in detail. In this exemplary embodiment, the carrier body 2 is thus fixedly connected to the bearing body 3, and the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 is thus in an operational state.

[0082] The connection, as it is shown in FIG. 3, between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 can be applied both in case of a cylindrical multi-layer sliding bearing 1 and in case of a flat multi-layer sliding bearing 1 as it is shown in FIG. 2.

[0083] As can be seen from FIG. 3, it may be provided that a surface structure 7 is formed on the carrier body connecting surface 5 of the carrier body 2, which surface structure 7 forms a positive locking connection with the bearing body connecting surface 6 of the bearing body 3.

[0084] As can be seen from FIG. 3, it may be provided that the surface structure 7 comprises individual webs 8, wherein an undercut 9 is formed between the individual webs 8. During the joining process of the bearing body 3 with the carrier body 2, the material of the bearing body 3 is pressed and/or deformed into the undercut 9, so that the positive locking connection between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 forms.

[0085] The individual webs 8 extend, in the viewing direction toward the drawing plane of FIG. 3, in a longitudinal extension of the carrier body 2. In particular, it may be provided that the cutting profile of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 has a consistent shaping along the longitudinal extension of the carrier body 2.

[0086] As can further be seen from FIG. 3, it may be provided that the individual webs 8 each comprise a web head 10 and a web base 11. The web head 10 has a cross-sectional width of the head 12. The web base 11 has a cross-sectional width of the base 13. In particular, it may be provided that the cross-sectional width of the head 12 is greater than the cross-sectional width of the base 13. In other words, the web 8 may be formed so as to taper from the web head 10 to the web base 11.

[0087] In FIGS. 4a and 4b, a further and possibly independent embodiment of the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 is shown, wherein again equal reference numbers and/or component designations are used for equal parts as in the preceding FIGS. 1 through 3. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is pointed to/reference is made to the detailed description in FIGS. 1 through 3 preceding it.

[0088] FIG. 4a shows a first method step of the course of the method for connecting the carrier body 2 to the bearing body 3. In this first method step, the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 are provided. In particular, it may be provided in this regard that the bearing body connecting surface 6 has a diameter 14 in its non-deformed state. The carrier body connecting surface 5 may have a diameter 15. In particular, it may be provided that the diameter 14 of the bearing body connecting surface 6 is greater than the diameter 15 of the carrier body connecting surface 5 so that the bearing body 3 can be easily pushed onto the carrier body 2. The bearing body connecting surface 6 and the carrier body connecting surface 5 are thus arranged at a distance 18 from one another.

[0089] Moreover, a sliding bearing production device 21 is provided, which comprises a holding device 22 for holding a carrier body 2 and/or a bearing body 3.

[0090] The sliding bearing production device 21 furthermore comprises a magnetic force generator 16, which has a coil 17. In particular, it may be provided that the coil 17 is arranged around the outside of the bearing body 3 in the circumferential direction.

[0091] If a current source, in particular an alternating current source or a current source with variable current strength, is applied to the coil 17, a magnetic field is generated by means of the current-carrying conductor. This magnetic field acts on the bearing body 3 as a current flow is induced according to Lenz's rule. Due to this current flow, a so-called Lorentz force acts on the bearing body 3.

[0092] The coil 17 is accommodated in a dimensionally stable housing. Thus, the bearing body 3 can be deformed radially inwards by means of the Lorentz force. A bearing body 3 designed as a hollow cylinder, as it is shown in FIG. 4a, is particularly suitable for inducing current.

[0093] Due to the deformation of the bearing body 3 by means of the magnetic force, the bearing body 3 can be pressed onto the carrier body 2, so that a firm connection between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 is achieved.

[0094] Here, the firm connection between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3 can be achieved by a force fit alone, as can be seen in the representation in FIG. 4b.

[0095] Moreover, it is also conceivable that the carrier body connecting surface 5 has the surface structure 7, and during the deforming of the bearing body 3, the bearing body 3 is partially pressed into the undercuts 9 of the carrier body 2. Thus, a positive locking connection can be achieved in addition to the force-fit connection.

[0096] FIG. 5 shows a further and possibly independent course of the method and/or structure for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing 1, wherein again, equal reference numbers/component designations are used for equal parts as before in FIG. 4. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is pointed to/reference is made to the detailed description in FIG. 4 preceding it.

[0097] As can be seen in FIG. 5, it can be provided that a first electrode 19 and a second electrode 20 are arranged on the bearing body 3. The two electrodes 19, 20 may be arranged, for example, so as to be opposite one another on the two different front sides of the bearing body 3. Moreover, it is also conceivable that the two electrodes 19, 20 are arranged diametrically opposed on the same front side of the bearing body 3.

[0098] The two electrodes 19, 20 may be short-circuited with one another in order to amplify the force effect on the bearing body 3 in accordance with Lenz's rule. In this embodiment variant, in particular, the current induced in the bearing body 3 by means of the magnetic force of the magnetic force generator 16 is used in an improved manner for generating magnetic force in the bearing body 3, as well.

[0099] In an alternative embodiment variant, it is also conceivable that the first electrode 19 and the second electrode 20 are connected to a current source, in particular an alternating current source, in order to amplify the force effect on the bearing body 3.

[0100] FIG. 6 shows a further and possibly independent course of the method and/or structure for producing a multi-layer sliding bearing 1, wherein again, equal reference numbers/component designations are used for equal parts as before in FIG. 4. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, it is pointed to/reference is made to the detailed description in FIG. 4 preceding it.

[0101] As can be seen from FIG. 6, the same principles described in FIG. 4 can be used here. In particular, it is possible to generate a force effect on the bearing body 3 by means of the magnetic force generator 16, so that it is pressed onto the carrier body 2 and joined therewith.

[0102] For the joining process, the bearing body 3 may, as can be seen in FIG. 6, be arranged at a distance 18 from the carrier body 2, so that, by generating a magnetic force, the bearing body 3 can be accelerated towards the carrier body 2.

[0103] In a flat arrangement of the bearing body 3 as it is shown in FIG. 6, the bearing body 3 and the carrier body 2 can also be firmly connected to one another without the presence of a surface structure 7. In this process, the collision energy of the bearing body 3 onto the carrier body 2 is utilized to deform the carrier body connecting surface 5 of the carrier body 2 at least in some sections, and to thus establish a materially bonded and/or a positive locking connection between the bearing body 3 and the carrier body 2.

[0104] As can further be seen from FIG. 6, it is also possible in this regard that the first electrode 19 and the second electrode 20 are arranged on the bearing body 3 for amplifying the magnetic force, wherein they can either be short-circuited again or be connected to a current source.

[0105] FIGS. 7a and 7b show, in a detailed view, a possible course of the method for joining the bearing body 3 and the carrier body 2. As can be seen from FIG. 7, it may be provided that the bearing body 3 and the carrier body 2 are designed such that the individual webs 8 of the surface structure 7 of the carrier body 2, deform obliquely to their longitudinal extension while the carrier body 2 is pressed onto the bearing body 3, so that this deformation causes a positive locking connection between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3. This can be achieved particularly in that, during the joining process between the carrier body 2 and the bearing body 3, the material of the bearing body 3 is laterally displaced obliquely to the joining direction, and thus, the webs 8 of the surface structure 7 of the carrier body 2 are deformed.

[0106] In this case, it is not necessary that the individual webs 8 of the carrier body 2 are formed so as to taper from the web head 10 to the web base 11 in order to achieve a positive locking connection.

[0107] FIG. 8 shows the multi-layer sliding bearing 1 in a sectional view. As can be seen in FIG. 8, it may be provided that the carrier body 2 has a shaped element 23, in the form of a groove, on its carrier body connecting surface 5. When deforming the bearing body 3, it is pressed into the shaped element 23, so that a sliding surface 4 of the bearing body 3 has surface elements 24 fitted to the shaped element 23

[0108] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of the carrier body 2 with a surface structure 7 in the form of a left-right-hand knurl. The carrier body is designed in the form of a pin, which may be used, for example, for bearing a planetary gear of a planetary gearbox of a wind turbine.

[0109] FIG. 10 shows a partial longitudinal section of a further exemplary embodiment of the carrier body 2, which is designed in the form of a pin, for example a planetary gear pin of a planetary gearbox for a wind turbine. The bearing body 3 is applied to the carrier body 2, wherein the sliding surface 4 of the bearing body 3 has an axial bearing region 25 and a radial bearing region 26. The radial bearing region 26 may be designed cylindrically. The axial bearing region 25 may directly follow the radial bearing region 26.

[0110] In particular, it may be provided that, as viewed in a longitudinal section, the axial bearing region 25 is designed to be arcuate, and the radial bearing region 26 has a tangential transition, whereby an improved bearing situation can be achieved.

[0111] In an alternative embodiment variant, which is not shown, it may also be provided that the axial bearing region 25, as viewed in the longitudinal section, also forms a straight line, which is arranged at an angle relative to the straight line of the radial bearing region 26. In particular, the axial bearing region 25 may, as viewed in the longitudinal section, be arranged at an angle of 90° relative to the radial bearing section 26. In this regard, it may also be provided that a transitional radius or a transitional chamfer is formed between the axial bearing region 25 and the radial bearing region 26.

[0112] As can be seen in FIG. 10, it may be provided that the carrier body connecting surface 5 already defines the shape of the sliding surface 4 and thus of the axial bearing region 25 and of the radial bearing region 26.

[0113] As can further be seen in FIG. 10, a planetary gear 27 may be formed, which is rotatably mounted on the bearing body 3. The planetary gear 27 may have a running surface 28 which cooperates with the sliding surface 4. The running surface 28 can therefore also be designed for simultaneous axial bearing and radial bearing.

[0114] As can further be seen from FIG. 10, it may be provided that an axial bearing element 29 is formed, which comprises a further axial bearing region 30. By means of the axial bearing element 29, an axial bearing in both axial directions can be achieved.

[0115] In particular, it may be provided that, by means of the axial bearing element 29, an axial bearing clearance can be adjusted. For this purpose, it may be provided, for example, that the axial bearing element 29 is arranged on the carrier body 2 by means of a fastening thread in order to achieve the axial adjustability.

[0116] For producing the sliding bearing structure according to FIG. 10, it may be provided that in a first method step, the carrier body 2 is provided in the form of a planetary gear pin. In this regard, the carrier body connecting surface 5 may have a cylindrical section, to which a radius connects. Moreover, it may be provided that the carrier body connecting surface 5 has a surface structure in the form of a cross-hatched knurl or a left-right-hand knurl.

[0117] In a subsequent method step, the bearing body 3, which is formed as a sleeve, can be axially pushed onto the carrier body 2. In a subsequent method step, the bearing body 3 may be pressed onto the carrier body 2 and thus be connected thereto by means of the magnetic force generator (16).

[0118] The exemplary embodiments show possible embodiment variants, and it should be noted in this respect that the invention is not restricted to these particular illustrated embodiment variants of it, but that rather also various combinations of the individual embodiment variants are possible and that this possibility of variation owing to the technical teaching provided by the present invention lies within the ability of the person skilled in the art in this technical field.

[0119] The scope of protection is determined by the claims. Nevertheless, the description and drawings are to be used for construing the claims. Individual features or feature combinations from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described may represent independent inventive solutions. The object underlying the independent inventive solutions may be gathered from the description.

[0120] All indications regarding ranges of values in the present description are to be understood such that these also comprise random and all partial ranges from it, for example, the indication 1 to 10 is to be understood such that it comprises all partial ranges based on the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10, i.e. all partial ranges start with a lower limit of 1 or larger and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, for example 1 through 1.7, or 3.2 through 8.1, or 5.5 through 10.

[0121] Finally, as a matter of form, it should be noted that for ease of understanding of the structure, elements are partially not depicted to scale and/or are enlarged and/or are reduced in size.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0122] 1 Multi-layer sliding bearing [0123] 2 Carrier body [0124] 3 Bearing body [0125] 4 Sliding surface [0126] 5 Carrier body connecting surface [0127] 6 Bearing body connecting surface [0128] 7 Surface structure [0129] 8 Web [0130] 9 Undercut [0131] 10 Web head [0132] 11 Web base [0133] 12 Cross-sectional width of the head [0134] 13 Cross-sectional width of the base [0135] 14 Diameter bearing body connecting surface [0136] 15 Diameter carrier body connecting surface [0137] 16 Magnetic force generator [0138] 17 Coil [0139] 18 Distance [0140] 19 First electrode [0141] 20 Second electrode [0142] 21 Sliding bearing production device [0143] 22 holding device [0144] 23 Shaped element [0145] 24 Surface element [0146] 25 Axial bearing region [0147] 26 Radial bearing region [0148] 27 Planetary gear [0149] 28 Running surface [0150] 29 Axial bearing element [0151] 30 Further axial bearing region