Method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough, including four aspects: setting of soilless cultivation substrate trough, preparation of soilless cultivation substrate, efficient and economical grafting and plant management. The efficient and economical grafting includes seedling raising, preparation of new scion, grafting and healing culture. The plant management includes planting, pruning and vine raising, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance. the present disclosure utilizes a soilless cultivation substrate trough, which can overcome the shortcomings of poor water retention, difficult control of temperature and water and fertilizer application in substrate bag cultivation and give full play to the characteristics of the cultivation substrate. The use of efficient and economical grafting and supporting plant management methods can optimize plants configuration, simplifying the work content of plant management, and improving the utilization rate of cultivation space.

Claims

1. A method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough, comprising four aspects: setting of a soilless cultivation substrate trough, preparation of soilless cultivation substrate, efficient and economical grafting and plant management; the soilless cultivation substrate trough comprises a rectangular substrate trough; drainage holes are provided on a bottom of the rectangular substrate trough and on a middle and upper portion of two walls of the rectangular substrate trough, a plurality of suspension bolts are provided on the two walls adjacent to a mouth of the rectangular substrate trough in parallel and side-by-side, the rectangular substrate trough is suspended by a plurality of side-by-side pulling ropes with a hook at a lower end; a plurality of horizontal fixing ropes are fixed in a middle of the plurality of side-by-side pulling ropes and the plurality of horizontal fixing ropes are parallel and equidistant to each other; a rotating rod is connected to an upper end of the plurality of side-by-side pulling ropes; and an integrated water and fertilizer pipeline is arranged above the rectangular substrate trough; the soilless cultivation substrate adopts a coir dust and soybean composite substrate, wherein the coir dust and soybean composite substrate is prepared from coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure according to a mass ratio of 5-6: 2-3: 2-3; the efficient and economical grafting comprises seedling raising, preparation of a scion, grafting and healing culture, and specific operations are as follows: 1) seedling raising: cultivating a scion seedling of tomato and a rootstock seedling; 2) preparation of the scion: cutting and removing an upper tip of the scion seedling, and after the scion seedling has grown two side buds, cutting the scion seedling off from a stem part to form the scion with two fruiting branches; 3) grafting: removing an upper tip of the rootstock, cutting a grafting incision, implanting the scion into the grafting incision of the rootstock and fixing the scion with a grafting clip to complete the grafting to form a grafted seedling; and 4) healing culture: placing the grafted seedling in an artificial climate room, controlling a condition that a temperature is at a range from 24° C. to 26° C., illumination is for 16 h / day, humidity is 75%, light intensity is 55 μmol / (m.sup.2 s) and a light ratio of red and blue is 2: 1, so as to promote wound healing and cultivate the grafted seedling strong; the plant management comprises planting, pruning and vine raising, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance, and specific operations are as follows: (1) planting: planting the grafted seedling in the rectangular substrate trough filled with the soilless cultivation substrate to ensure that the two fruiting branches of the grafted seedling branch off toward the rectangular substrate trough respectively; (2) pruning and vine raising: cutting off all side branches except the two fruiting branches after planting, and pulling the two fruiting branches toward the plurality of side-by-side pulling ropes on the two walls of the rectangular substrate trough, respectively; ensuring that main branches of the two fruiting branches grow along the plurality of side-by-side pulling ropes to form a “V” shape when vine raising, wherein an angle between the “V” shape and a vertical line of a horizontal plane is 30 degrees, so as to make good use of space and receive light; (3) flower and fruit management: retaining fruit at the main branch of each fruiting branch naturally during the flowering and fruiting period, wherein each ear of the fruit retains well-proportioned, pest-free, non-traumatic, and fruity robust fruit; (4) plant type maintenance: removing all side branches under the second or third inflorescence of each main branch of fruiting branches when budding and pruning, retaining 2 leaves on the side branches after the second or third inflorescence, and cutting top tip off; removing all side branches under each ear before the each ear is ripe for picking; removing old leaves on a sunny day and airy condition, and removing leaves under each ear during fruit enlargement period to ensure a good development of upper fruits.

2. The method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough of claim 1, wherein a depth of the rectangular substrate trough is 30-50 cm, a width of the rectangular substrate trough is 30-40 cm, and intervals between the drainage holes at the bottom of the rectangular substrate trough and the drainage holes at the wall of the rectangular substrate trough is 1-1.5 m, a height of the drainage hole on the wall of the rectangular substrate trough is 75% of the depth of the substrate trough.

3. The method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough of claim 1, wherein the soybeans in the soilless cultivation substrate are fully fermented by probiotics.

4. The method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough of claim 1, wherein the tomato is an infinite-growing tomato, including large tomatoes and small tomatoes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of soilless cultivation substrate trough.

(2) FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth pattern of tomato in soilless cultivation substrate trough.

(3) In the Figures: 1-substrate trough, 101-mouth, 2-suspension bolt, 3-side-by-side pulling rope, 4-horizontal fixing rope, 5-drainage hole at the bottom of trough, 6-drainage hole at the wall of trough, 7-rotating rod, 8-integrated water and fertilizer pipeline, 9-tomato fruit branch, 10 tomato ear, 11 cultivation substrate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(4) In order to make the content described in the present disclosure easier to understand, the present disclosure is further described below in combination with specific embodiments, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

(5) A method for tomato soilless cultivation with suspended trough, includes four aspects: setting of soilless cultivation substrate trough, preparation of soilless cultivation substrate, efficient and economical grafting and plant management.

(6) The soilless cultivation substrate trough includes a rectangular substrate trough 1, the depth of the substrate trough is 40 cm, and the width of the substrate trough is 30 cm, and drainage holes are provided on the bottom and on the middle and upper portion of two walls of the substrate trough. The interval between the drainage holes at the bottom of the substrate trough and the drainage holes at the wall of the substrate trough is 1 m, the height of the drainage hole on the wall of the substrate trough is 30 cm. A plurality of suspension bolts 2 are provided on the two walls adjacent to a mouth of notches of the two walls of the substrate trough 1 in parallel and side-by-side, the substrate trough 1 is suspended by a side-by-side pulling rope 3 with a hook at the lower end. A plurality of horizontal fixing ropes 4 are fixed in the middle of the side-by-side pulling ropes 3 and the plurality of horizontal fixing ropes 4 are parallel and equidistant to each other. A rotating rod 7 is connected to an upper end of the side-by-side pulling ropes 3, the motion and lifting of the substrate trough 1 are controlled by the rotating rod 7. An integrated water and fertilizer pipeline 8 is arranged above the substrate trough 1.

(7) The soilless cultivation substrate adopts a coir dust and soybean composite substrate, which is prepared from coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure according to a mass ratio of 5-6:2-3:2-3. The soybeans are fully fermented by probiotics.

(8) The specific operations of the efficient and economical grafting are as follows:

(9) 1) seedling raising: cultivating a scion seedling of tomato and a corresponding rootstock;

(10) 2) preparation of new scion: cutting and removing the upper tip of the scion seedling, and after the scion seedling has grown two side buds, cutting the scion seedling off from the stem part to form a new scion with two fruiting branches;

(11) 3) grafting: removing the upper tip of the rootstock, cutting a grafting incision, implanting the scion into the grafting incision of the rootstock and fixing the scion with a grafting clip to complete the grafting to form a grafted seedling; and

(12) 4) healing culture: placing the grafted seedling in an artificial climate room, controlling a condition that the temperature is at a range from 24° C. to 26° C., illumination is for 16 h/day, humidity is 75%, light intensity is 55 μmol/(m.sup.2 s) and a light ratio of red and blue is 2:1, so as to promote wound healing and cultivate the grafted seedling strong.

(13) The specific operations of the plant management are as follows:

(14) (1) planting: planting the grafted seedling in a substrate trough filled with a cultivation substrate to ensure that the two fruiting branches of the grafted seedling branch off toward the substrate trough respectively;

(15) (2) pruning and vine raising: cutting off all the side branches except the two fruiting branches after planting, and pulling the two fruiting branches toward the pulling ropes on the two walls of the substrate trough respectively; ensuring that main branches of two fruiting branches grow along the pulling ropes to form a V shape when vine raising, wherein an angle between the V shape and a vertical line of the horizontal plane is 30 degrees, so as to make better use of space and receive light;

(16) (3) flower and fruit management: retaining fruit at the main branch of each fruiting branch naturally during the flowering and fruiting period, wherein each ear of the fruit retains well-proportioned, pest-free, non-traumatic, and fruity robust fruit; and

(17) (4) plant type maintenance: removing all side branches under the second or third inflorescence of each main branch of fruiting branches when budding and pruning, retaining 2 leaves on the side branches after the second or third inflorescence, and cutting the top tip off; removing all side branches under each ear before the each ear is ripe for picking; removing old leaves on a sunny day and airy condition, and removing leaves under each ear during fruit enlargement period to ensure a good development of upper fruits.

(18) Refer to the tomato water and fertilizer formula in patent (CN105519420A) for integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer method, as shown in Table 1.

(19) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer formula Amount of fertilizer Water Nutrient formula applied each time/ Times of consumption per Growth period N—P.sub.2O.sub.5—K.sub.2O kg .Math. (667 m.sup.2).sup.−1 fertilization irrigation/m.sup.3 seedling stage (7-10 d) 16-20-14 + TE  6 1 13 Flowering and fruit 16-20-14 + TE  13 1 13 setting (10-15 d) Fruit enlargement 22-4-24 + TE 11 4 13 (55-60 d) Initial period of 22-4-24 + TE 8 4 13 harvest (35-40 d) Peak period of 20-5-25 + TE 10 8 13 Harvest (65-75 d) End period of 20-5-25 + TE 7 2 13 harvest (30-35 d)

(20) N is derived from potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate, P.sub.2O.sub.5 is derived from calcium superphosphate and sodium phosphate, and K.sub.2O is derived from potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.

Embodiment 1

(21) The large fruit tomatoes ‘Fufen No. 1’ and cherry tomato ‘Fumi 102’ mainly planted in Fujian province were used as trial varieties. The soilless cultivation facilities respectively used substrate bags and soilless cultivation substrate troughs provided by the present disclosure. The coir dust and soybean composite substrate is prepared from coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2. The integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer formula for tomato soilless cultivation is shown in Table 1. 50% water-soluble fertilizer is recommended as an example, total application amount in growth period is 179 to 199 kg (667 m.sup.2).sup.−1. The cultivated seedlings adopt the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure. The plant management includes the operation procedures such as planting, pruning, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance are the same.

(22) The yield and quality of tomatoes obtained from the substrate bag and the soilless cultivation substrate trough cultivation provided by the present disclosure are shown in Table 2.

(23) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Effects of different cultivation facilities on yield and quality of tomato single yield fruit per Soluble Organic cultivation Tomato weight plant Vc Protein sugar acid Lycopene facilities type (g) (kg) (mg/100 g) (mg/g) (%) (%) (mg/100 g) substrate large fruit 221.1 11.65 19.84 9.23 3.13 0.529 1.38 bags tomatoes substrate large fruit 243.8 13.83 23.87 11.14 3.77 0.608 1.93 troughs tomatoes substrate cherry 17.1 10.83 40.44 9.32 4.83 0.579 1.86 bags tomato substrate cherry 18.7 11.33 42.87 10.19 5.84 0.668 2.53 troughs tomato

(24) It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with the substrate bag cultivation, the single fruit weight, yield per plant and fruit quality of the large fruit tomatoes and cherry tomatoes cultivated in the substrate trough provided by the present disclosure are significantly promoted. This shows that the soilless cultivation substrate trough provided by the present disclosure, compared with the substrate bag, can improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer and promote the increase of yield, and has a good effect on improving fruit quality.

Embodiment 2

(25) The large fruit tomatoes ‘Fufen No. 1’ and cherry tomato ‘Fumi 102’ mainly planted in Fujian province were used as trial varieties. The soilless cultivation facilities were used the soilless cultivation substrate troughs provided by the present disclosure. The cultivation substrate were the ordinary coir dust and peat composite substrate and the coir dust and soybean composite substrate provided by the present disclosure (the mass ratio of coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure is 5:3:2), respectively. The integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer formula for tomato soilless cultivation is shown in Table 1. 50% water-soluble fertilizer is recommended as an example, total application amount in growth period is 179 to 199 kg.Math.(667 m.sup.2).sup.−1. The cultivated seedlings adopt the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure. The plant management includes the operation procedures such as planting, pruning, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance are the same.

(26) The yield and quality of tomato cultivated in the ordinary coir dust and peat composite substrate and the coir dust and soybean composite substrate provided by the invention are shown in Table 3.

(27) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Effects of different cultivation substrates on yield and quality of tomato single yield fruit per Soluble Organic cultivation Tomato weight plant Vc Protein sugar acid Lycopene substrate type (g) (kg) (mg/100 g) (mg/g) (%) (%) (mg/100 g) ordinary large fruit 212.7 10.52 19.12 9.15 3.14 0.521 1.32 tomatoes coir dust and soybean large fruit 243.8 13.83 23.87 11.14 3.77 0.608 1.93 composite substrate tomatoes ordinary cherry 16.6 9.95 40.69 9.06 4.68 0.567 1.93 tomato coir dust and soybean cherry 18.7 11.33 42.87 10.19 5.84 0.668 2.53 composite substrate tomato

(28) It can be seen from Table 3, compared with the coir dust and peat composite substrate cultivation, the fruit quality of large fruit tomatoes and cherry tomatoes cultivated by using the coir dust and soybean composite substrate provided by the present disclosure is significantly improved, and the single fruit weight and yield per plant are significantly increased. The single fruit weight and yield per plant of large fruit tomatoes are increased by 1.15 and 1.31 times, respectively, and that of cherry tomatoes are increased by 1.13 and 1.14 times. This shows that the coir dust and soybean composite substrate provided by the present disclosure, compared with the coir dust and peat composite substrate, can improve the fruit quality of cultivated tomatoes and significantly increase yield.

Embodiment 3

(29) The large fruit tomatoes ‘Fufen No. 1’ and cherry tomato ‘Fumi 102’ mainly planted in Fujian province were used as trial varieties. The soilless cultivation facilities were used the soilless cultivation substrate troughs provided by the present disclosure. The coir dust and soybean composite substrate is prepared from coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2. The integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer formula for tomato soilless cultivation is shown in Table 1. 50% water-soluble fertilizer is recommended as an example, total application amount in growth period is 179 to 199 kg (667 m.sup.2).sup.−1. The cultivated seedlings adopt the ordinary grafted seedlings and the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure, respectively. The plant management includes the operation procedures such as planting, pruning, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance are the same.

(30) The yield and quality of the tomatoes obtained from the cultivation of ordinary grafted seedlings and the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure are shown in Table 4.

(31) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Effects of different grafting methods on yield and quality of tomato single yield the first fruit per Soluble Organic grafting Tomato inflorescence weight plant Vc Protein sugar acid Lycopene type type node (g) (kg) (mg/100 g) (mg/g) (%) (%) (mg/100 g) ordinary large fruit 7-8 242.2 10.85 23.78 11.17 3.81 0.589 1.84 tomatoes efficient large fruit 3-4 243.8 13.83 23.87 11.14 3.77 0.608 1.93 and tomatoes economical ordinary cherry 6-7 17.9 9.43 42.33 10.01 5.53 0.656 2.38 tomato efficient cherry 2-3 18.7 11.33 42.87 10.19 5.84 0.668 2.53 and tomato economical

(32) It can be seen from Table 4 that compared with ordinary grafted seedlings, the single fruit weight and fruit quality of large fruit tomatoes and cherry tomatoes grown with the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure have not changed significantly, but the first inflorescence nodes have been reduced by 4-5, and the yield per plant was significantly improved. This shows that the efficient and economical grafting method provided by the present disclosure, compared with ordinary grafting method, can promote the premature of tomato and significantly increase the yield.

Embodiment 4

(33) The large fruit tomatoes ‘Fufen No. 1’ and cherry tomato ‘Fumi 102’ mainly planted in Fujian province were used as trial varieties. The soilless cultivation facilities were used the soilless cultivation substrate troughs provided by the present disclosure. The coir dust and soybean composite substrate is prepared from coir dust, soybeans, and pig manure according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2. The integrated fertilization of water and fertilizer formula for tomato soilless cultivation is shown in Table 1. 50% water-soluble fertilizer is recommended as an example, total application amount in growth period is 179 to 199 kg.Math.(667 m.sup.2).sup.−1. The cultivated seedlings adopt the efficient and economical grafted seedlings provided by the present disclosure. In plant management, ordinary two-stem pruning and V shaped pruning provided by the present disclosure are used for pruning and vine raising, respectively. Others operation procedures such as planting, flower and fruit management, and plant type maintenance are the same.

(34) The yield and quality of tomatoes obtained from cultivation of ordinary two-stem pruning and the V shaped pruning method provided by the present disclosure are shown in Table 5.

(35) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Effects of different pruning methods on yield and quality of tomato single yield fruit per Soluble Organic pruning Tomato weight plant Vc Protein sugar acid Lycopene method type (g) (kg) (mg/100 g) (mg/g) (%) (%) (mg/100 g) ordinary two- large fruit 232.2 13.37 21.49 10.33 3.35 0.577 1.68 stem pruning tomatoes V shaped large fruit 243.8 13.83 23.87 11.14 3.77 0.608 1.93 pruning tomatoes ordinary two- cherry 18.1 11.08 41.71 9.82 5.24 0.638 2.22 stem pruning tomato V shaped cherry 18.7 11.33 42.87 10.19 5.84 0.668 2.53 pruning tomato

(36) It can be known from Table 5 that compared with ordinary two-stem pruning, the single fruit weight and yield per plant of large fruit tomatoes and cherry tomatoes cultivated by using the V shaped pruning method provided by the present disclosure are improved to a certain degree, and the improvement of fruit quality is even more significantly. This shows that the V shaped pruning method provided by the present disclosure, compared with ordinary two-stem pruning, can optimize the plant configuration, promote the production and increase the yield, and improve the fruit quality.

(37) The description above are only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the scope of patent application of the present disclosure shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure.