Device And Method For Testing Bearing Capacity Of Single-Row Grouped Pillars In Horizontal Goaf Under Biaxial Loading

Abstract

A device and method for testing bearing capacity of single-row grouped pillars in a horizontal goaf under biaxial loading is disclosed. Four fixed rings are arranged on testing machine base, and have stands installed therein respectively, bottom ends of the stands are connected with the base, top ends are connected with transverse frame, sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the base; the vertical force loading devices are arranged at a lower part of transverse frame and the horizontal force loading devices are arranged at inner sides of side frame. Simultaneous loading on multiple coal samples, rock samples, filling body samples, concrete samples, coal-filling samples and/or rock-filling samples can be achieved, the overall bearing capacity of a single-row group pillar system in the horizontal goaf under the biaxial compression condition can be obtained, and the mutual influence relation between grouped pillar individuals in the horizontal goaf can be attained.

Claims

1. A device for testing bearing capacity of single-row grouped pillars in a horizontal goaf under biaxial loading, comprising a testing machine base, stands, lower pressure disks, upper pressure disks, an upper pressing plate, a workbench, a transverse frame, vertical force loading devices, protection rings, vertical pushing shaft housings, screws, horizontal force loading devices, side frames, telescopic stand pillars, sliding wheels and sliding rails, four fixed rings are arranged on the testing machine base, and have the stands installed therein respectively, bottom ends of the stands are connected with the base, and top ends of the stands are connected with the transverse frame, the sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the base, and the side frames are slidably connected with the base through the telescopic stand pillars; the vertical force loading devices are arranged at a lower part of the transverse frame and the horizontal force loading devices are arranged at inner sides of the side frames, and each of the vertical force loading devices comprises a vertical hydraulic pushing shaft, a vertical hydraulic pump and a pressure sensor; and each of the horizontal force loading devices comprises a transverse hydraulic pushing shaft, transverse pressing plates, a transverse hydraulic pump and a pressure sensor; and the lower pressure disks are installed on the workbench, samples are positioned between the lower pressure disks and the upper pressing plate, side faces of the samples are in contact with transverse pressing plates, the horizontal force loading devices act on the samples through the transverse pressing plates, and the vertical force loading devices act on the samples through the upper pressure disks and the upper pressing plate.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the goaf is a space formed after mining of a near-horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle of less than 5°; and the grouped pillars comprise one selected from a group consisting of a coal pillar group, an ore pillar group, a filling pillar group, a concrete pillar group, a coal pillar-filling pillar combined pillar group, an ore pillar-filling pillar combined pillar group and a coal pillar-concrete pillar combined pillar group; and a cross section of each of the grouped pillars is circular, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein four protection rings are arranged on the base, and have the stands installed therein respectively, the side frames are installed on the sliding rails through the telescopic stand pillars and the sliding wheels, and the sliding rails are fixed to the base.

4. The device according to claim 3, wherein the workbench has a length of 2000 mm, a width of 400 mm, and a height of 400 mm, and five lower pressure disks positioned on a same central line are installed on the workbench, the lower pressure disks are fixed on the workbench through screws, such that uniaxial bearing capacity of one to five samples can be simultaneously monitored; and a diameter of an upper end of each of the lower pressure plates is 150 mm, and a diameter of an lower end of each of the lower pressure plate is 300 mm.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein five groups of force loading devices are arranged on the lower portion of the transverse frame, ten groups of force loading devices are transversely arranged on the inner sides of the side frames, and a pressure sensor is arranged in each force loading device, the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and a force state of each sample can be accurately controlled.

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper pressure disks each are connected with respective vertical hydraulic pushing shaft, and are used for loading different samples at a same speed or different speeds, for simulating situations that the samples are subjected to uniform vertical pressure or non-uniform vertical pressure; and the transverse pressing plates each are connected with respective transverse hydraulic pushing shaft, and are used for loading different samples at a same speed or different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform transverse pressure or non-uniform transverse pressure.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein the upper pressing plate is of two types, one type is a rectangular plate used for researching bearing capacity of a plurality of samples which commonly bear an overburden load, and an other type is a square plate used for simultaneously researching bearing capacity of a plurality of samples as a whole.

8. A method for testing bearing capacity of single-row grouped pillars in a horizontal goaf under biaxial loading, by using the device according to claim 1, comprising following steps: researching step, for comprehensively researching distribution positions, forms and sizes of grouped pillars remaining in the horizontal goaf in a to-be-tested range by virtue of technical mean of supplementary exploration by utilizing original geological technical data of a mine; determining shapes, sizes and a number of the samples based on an information of the grouped pillars remaining in the horizontal goaf obtained in the researching step; drilling the samples with appropriate sizes by using a coring machine special for coal rock in a manner of manual multi-stage variable-speed feeding, and cutting and grinding the samples to the shape and size required for the test by using a coal rock cutting machine; sequentially installing the samples on the lower pressure disks on the workbench; selecting a type of the upper pressing plate according to experimental requirements, wherein selecting a first type of rectangular plate when the bearing capacity of the plurality of samples jointly bearing the overburden load is tested, and selecting a second type of square plate when the bearing capacity of the plurality of samples as a whole under uniaxial loading is tested; resetting the pressure sensor to clean a force value thereof to zero, and performing vertical preloading; transverse loading step, for setting a magnitude of a load applied transversely, and controlling the transverse hydraulic pushing shaft to load to a target value through the transverse hydraulic pump; vertical loading step, for setting a loading speed of the vertical hydraulic pushing shaft after the transverse loading step is completed, and carrying out loading; and controlling the vertical hydraulic pushing shaft through the vertical hydraulic pump, and controlling the transverse hydraulic pushing shaft through the transverse hydraulic pump for unloading after the vertical loading step is completed, so that the test is finished.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the goaf is a space formed after mining of a near-horizontal coal seam with an inclination angle of less than 5°; and the grouped pillars comprise one selected from a group consisting of a coal pillar group, an ore pillar group, a filling pillar group, a concrete pillar group, a coal pillar-filling pillar combined pillar group, an ore pillar-filling pillar combined pillar group and a coal pillar-concrete pillar combined pillar group; and a cross section of each of the grouped pillars is circular, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein four protection rings are arranged on the base, and have the stands installed therein respectively, the side frames are installed on the sliding rails through the telescopic stand pillars and the sliding wheels, and the sliding rails are fixed to the base.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the workbench has a length of 2000 mm, a width of 400 mm, and a height of 400 mm, and five lower pressure disks positioned on a same central line are installed on the workbench, the lower pressure disks are fixed on the workbench through screws, such that uniaxial bearing capacity of one to five samples can be simultaneously monitored; and a diameter of an upper end of each of the lower pressure plates is 150 mm, and a diameter of an lower end of each of the lower pressure plate is 300 mm.

12. The method according to claim 8, wherein five groups of force loading devices are arranged on the lower portion of the transverse frame, ten groups of force loading devices are transversely arranged on the inner sides of the side frames, and a pressure sensor is arranged in each force loading device, the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer through a control circuit, and a force state of each sample can be accurately controlled.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein the upper pressure disks each are connected with respective vertical hydraulic pushing shaft, and are used for loading different samples at a same speed or different speeds, for simulating situations that the samples are subjected to uniform vertical pressure or non-uniform vertical pressure; and the transverse pressing plates each are connected with respective transverse hydraulic pushing shaft, and are used for loading different samples at a same speed or different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform transverse pressure or non-uniform transverse pressure.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein the upper pressing plate is of two types, one type is a rectangular plate used for researching bearing capacity of a plurality of samples which commonly bear an overburden load, and an other type is a square plate used for simultaneously researching bearing capacity of a plurality of samples as a whole.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a device in accordance with present disclosure;

[0032] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transverse loading structure in accordance with the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a working scenario of a first upper pressing plate in the present disclosure;

[0034] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a loading structure of the first upper pressing plate in the present disclosure;

[0035] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a working scenario of a second upper pressing plate in the present disclosure;

[0036] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a loading structure of a second upper pressing plate in the present disclosure;

[0037] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a vertical force loading device; and

[0038] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transverse force loading device.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0039] 1, base; 2, stand; 3, lower pressure disk; 4, upper pressure disk; 5, upper pressing plate; 6, workbench; 7, transverse frame; 8, vertical hydraulic pushing shaft; 9, vertical hydraulic pump; 10, pressure sensor; 11, force loading device; 12, protection ring; 13, vertical pushing shaft housing; 14, fixed ring; 15, screw; 16, transverse hydraulic pushing shaft; 17, transverse pressing plate; 18, transverse hydraulic pump; 19, side frame; 20, telescopic stand pillar; 21, sliding wheel; 22, sliding rail; 23, sample.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0040] The present disclosure is further illustrated below through embodiments, but not limited to the following embodiments.

Embodiment I

[0041] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8, a device for testing bearing capacity of single-row grouped pillars in a horizontal goaf under biaxial loading includes a testing machine base 1, stands 2, lower pressure disks 3, upper pressure disks 4, upper pressing plates 5, a workbench 6, a transverse frame 7, vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8, vertical hydraulic pumps 9, pressure sensors 10, force loading devices 11, protection rings 12, vertical pushing shaft housings 13, fixed rings 14, screws 15, transverse hydraulic pushing shafts 16, transverse pressing plates 17, transverse hydraulic pumps 18, side frames 19, telescopic stand pillars 20, sliding wheels 21 and sliding rails 22.

[0042] Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the base 1, and a stand 2 is installed in each protection ring 12, one end of the stand 2 is connected with the base 1, and the other end of the stand 2 is connected with the transverse frame 7. A lower portion of the transverse frame 7 is connected with five vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8, and each of the vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8 is connected with an upper pressure disk 4, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0043] In some embodiments, five lower pressure disks 3 are arranged on the workbench 6, and can be used for loading one to five samples of coal samples, rock samples and/or filling body samples at the same time, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0044] In some embodiments, the device is provided with five groups of force loading devices in the vertical direction and ten groups of force loading devices in the transverse direction, and each force loading device includes a pressure sensor 10, a hydraulic pump 9 and a hydraulic pushing shaft 8, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0045] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor 10 is arranged in each hydraulic system of the device, and each of the pressure sensors is connected with a microcomputer via a control circuit, so that the force state of each sample can be accurately controlled.

[0046] In some embodiments, each upper pressure disk 4 is connected with a vertical hydraulic pushing shaft 8, so that different samples can be loaded at the same speed or different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform vertical pressure or non-uniform vertical pressure. Each transverse pressing plate 17 is connected with a transverse hydraulic pushing shaft 16, so that different samples are load at the same speed and different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform transverse pressure or non-uniform transverse pressure, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0047] In some embodiments, central points of the lower pressure disks 3 are positioned on the same straight line; and central points of the transverse pressing plates 17 are positioned on the same straight line, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0048] In some embodiments, the side frames 19 are installed on the sliding rails 22 through the telescopic stand pillars 20 and the sliding wheels 21, and the sliding rails 21 are fixed to the base 1.

[0049] In some embodiments, the side frames 19 can be adjusted in height through the telescopic stand pillars 20, in position through the sliding rails 22, according to actual needs.

[0050] In some embodiments, the device can be used for biaxial pressing of the grouped pillars, loads transmitted by the upper pressing plates are commonly borne by the group pillars, and the bearing capacity of the group pillar system to the overburden load under the biaxial force can be researched.

Embodiment II

[0051] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, a device and method for testing bearing capacity of single-row grouped pillars in a horizontal goaf under biaxial loading includes a testing machine base 1, stands 2, lower pressure disks 3, upper pressure disks 4, upper pressing plates 5, a workbench 6, a transverse frame 7, vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8, vertical hydraulic pumps 9, pressure sensors 10, force loading devices 11, protection rings 12, vertical pushing shaft housings 13, fixed rings 14, screws 15, transverse hydraulic pushing shafts 16, transverse pressing plates 17, transverse hydraulic pumps 18, side frames 19, telescopic stand pillars 20, sliding wheels 21 and sliding rails 22.

[0052] Four protection rings 12 are arranged on the base 1, and a stand 2 is installed in each protection ring 12, one end of the stand 2 is connected with the base 1, the other end of the stand 2 is connected with the transverse frame 7. The lower portion of the transverse frame 7 is connected with five vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8, and each of the vertical hydraulic pushing shafts 8 is connected with an upper pressure disk 4, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0053] In some embodiments, five lower pressure disks 3 are arranged on the workbench 6, and can be used for loading one to five samples of coal samples, rock samples and/or filling body samples at the same time, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0054] In some embodiments, the device is provided with five force loading devices in the vertical direction and ten force loading devices in the transverse direction, and each force loading device includes a pressure sensor 10, a hydraulic pump 9 and a hydraulic pushing shaft 8, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor 10 is arranged in each hydraulic system of the device, and the pressure sensor is connected with a microcomputer via a control circuit, so that the force state of each sample can be accurately controlled.

[0056] In some embodiments, each upper pressure disk 4 is connected with a vertical hydraulic pushing shaft 8, so that different samples can be loaded at the same speed or different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform vertical pressure or non-uniform vertical pressure. Each transverse pressing plate 17 is connected with a transverse hydraulic pushing shaft 16, so that different samples can be loaded at the same speed or different speeds, for simulating the situations that the samples are subjected to uniform transverse pressure or non-uniform transverse pressure, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0057] In some embodiments, the central points of the lower pressure disks 3 are positioned on the same straight line; and the central points of the transverse pressing plates 17 are positioned on the same straight line, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0058] In some embodiments, the side frames 19 are installed on the sliding rails 22 through the telescopic stand pillars 20 and the sliding wheels 21, and the sliding rails 21 are fixed to the base 1.

[0059] In some embodiments, five lower pressure disks 3 are arranged on the workbench 5, and can be used for biaxially loading one to five samples of coal samples, rock samples and/or filling body samples at the same time, so that the experimental efficiency is greatly improved.

[0060] In some embodiments, operating steps of the device includes the following steps: determining a number of samples to be tested simultaneously according to the experimental requirements; sequentially installing the samples on the lower pressure disks 3 on the workbench 6; selecting a type of the upper pressing plates 5 according to experimental requirements, and installing the upper pressing plates 5; resetting each sensor 10 to clean the force value of each sensor 10 to zero, and performing vertical preloading; setting the magnitude of load applied transversely and controlling the hydraulic pushing shaft 16 to load to a target value through the transverse hydraulic pump 18; after the transverse loading is completed, setting the loading speed of each vertical hydraulic pushing shaft 8 for loading; after loading is completed, controlling the hydraulic pushing shaft 8 through the axial hydraulic pump 9, and controlling the transverse hydraulic pushing shaft 16 through the transverse hydraulic pump 18 for unloading, so that the test is finished.

[0061] The above is only embodiments of the present disclosure, and it should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be simply modified in accordance with the essence of the present disclosure, which all fall within the scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure.