Driving circuit for stepping motor, method of driving stepping motor, and electronic device using the same

Abstract

There is provided a driving circuit for a stepping motor, including: a counter electromotive force detection circuit configured to detect a counter electromotive force generated in a coil; a current value setting circuit configured to generate a current set value based on the counter electromotive force; a constant current chopper circuit configured to generate a pulse-modulated signal which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value of a coil current flowing through the coil approaches a target amount based on the current set value; and a logic circuit configured to control a bridge circuit connected to the coil according to the pulse-modulated signal, wherein the driving circuit is configured to output the current set value to outside or to access the current set value from the outside.

Claims

1. A driving circuit for a stepping motor, comprising: a counter electromotive force detection circuit configured to detect a counter electromotive force generated in a coil; a current value setting circuit configured to generate a current set value based on the counter electromotive force; a constant current chopper circuit configured to generate a pulse-modulated signal which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value of a coil current flowing through the coil approaches a target amount based on the current set value; and a logic circuit configured to control a bridge circuit connected to the coil according to the pulse-modulated signal, wherein the driving circuit is configured to output the current set value to outside or to access the current set value from the outside, and wherein the constant current chopper circuit includes: a comparator configured to compare the detected value of the coil current with a threshold value based on the current set value; an oscillator configured to oscillate at a predetermined frequency; and a flip-flop configured to output the pulse-modulated signal which transitions to an OFF level in response to an output of the comparator and transitions to an ON level in response to an output of the oscillator.

2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising: an interface circuit configured to output the current set value to the outside as a digital signal.

3. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a D/A converter configured to convert the current set value into an analog signal; and a buffer circuit configured to output the current set value, which has been converted into the analog signal, to the outside.

4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the current value setting circuit includes: a load angle estimation part configured to estimate a load angle based on the counter electromotive force; and a feedback controller configured to generate the current set value so that the estimated load angle approaches a predetermined target angle.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the driving circuit is integrated as one body on a single semiconductor substrate.

6. An electronic device, comprising: a stepping motor; and the driving circuit of claim 1 configured to drive the stepping motor.

7. A driving circuit for a stepping motor, comprising: a counter electromotive force detection circuit configured to detect a counter electromotive force generated in a coil; a current value setting circuit configured to generate a current set value based on the counter electromotive force; a constant current chopper circuit configured to generate a pulse-modulated signal which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value of a coil current flowing through the coil approaches a target amount based on the current set value; and a logic circuit configured to control a bridge circuit connected to the coil according to the pulse-modulated signal, wherein the driving circuit is configured to output the detected value of the coil current to outside or to access the detected value of the coil current from the outside, and wherein the constant current chopper circuit includes: a comparator configured to compare the detected value of the coil current with a threshold value based on the current set value; an oscillator configured to oscillate at a predetermined frequency; and a flip-flop configured to output the pulse-modulated signal which transitions to an OFF level in response to an output of the comparator and transitions to an ON level in response to an output of the oscillator.

8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the detected value of the coil current is according to a voltage drop of a detection resistor installed at the bridge circuit, and wherein the driving circuit further includes a buffer configured to output the voltage drop of the detection resistor to the outside.

9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the detected value of the coil current is according to a voltage drop of a detection resistor installed at the bridge circuit, and wherein the driving circuit further includes: an A/D converter configured to convert the voltage drop of the detection resistor into a digital value; and an interface circuit configured to output the digital value to the outside.

10. A method of driving a stepping motor, comprising: detecting a counter electromotive force generated in a coil; generating a current set value based on the counter electromotive force; generating a pulse-modulated signal which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value of a coil current flowing through the coil approaches a target amount based on the current set value; controlling a bridge circuit connected to the coil of the stepping motor according to the pulse-modulated signal; and supplying the current set value to a host controller, wherein the generating the pulse-modulated signal includes: comparing, by a comparator, the detected value of the coil current with a threshold value based on the current set value; and outputting, by a flip-flop, the pulse-modulated signal which transitions to an OFF level in response to an output of the comparator and transitions to an ON level in response to an output of an oscillator that is configured to oscillate at a predetermined frequency.

11. A method of driving a stepping motor, comprising: detecting a counter electromotive force generated in a coil; generating a current set value based on the counter electromotive force; generating a pulse-modulated signal which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value of a coil current flowing through the coil approaches a target amount based on the current set value; controlling a bridge circuit connected to the coil of the stepping motor according to the pulse-modulated signal; and supplying the detected value of the coil current to a host controller, wherein the generating the pulse-modulated signal includes: comparing, by a comparator, the detected value of the coil current with a threshold value based on the current set value; and outputting, by a flip-flop, the pulse-modulated signal which transitions to an OFF level in response to an output of the comparator and transitions to an ON level in response to an output of an oscillator that is configured to oscillate at a predetermined frequency.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a motor system including a conventional stepping motor and a driving circuit therefor.

(3) FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an excitation position.

(4) FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a driving sequence of the stepping motor.

(5) FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a motor system including a driving circuit according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(6) FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of an interface circuit.

(7) FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the driving circuit.

(8) FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a motor system including a driving circuit according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

(9) FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of an interface circuit.

(10) FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of a current value setting circuit.

(11) FIGS. 10A to 10C are perspective views illustrating examples of an electronic device including the driving circuit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(12) Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, systems, and components have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the various embodiments.

(13) The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings based on an exemplary embodiment. Like or equivalent components, members, and processes illustrated in each drawing are given like reference numerals and a repeated description thereof will be properly omitted. Further, the embodiment is presented by way of example only, and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and any feature or combination thereof described in the embodiment may not necessarily be essential to the present disclosure.

(14) In the present disclosure, “a state where a member A is connected to a member B” includes a case where the member A and the member B are physically directly connected or even a case where the member A and the member B are indirectly connected via any other member that does not affect an electrical connection state between the members A and B or does not impair functions and effects achieved by combinations of the members A and B.

(15) Similarly, “a state where a member C is installed between a member A and a member B” includes a case where the member A and the member C or the member B and the member C are indirectly connected via any other member that does not affect an electrical connection state between the member A and the member C or the member B and the member C or does not impair function and effects achieved by combinations of the member A and the member C or the member B and the member C, in addition to a case where the member A and the member C or the member B and the member C are directly connected.

(16) The vertical axis and the horizontal axis of the waveform diagram or the time chart referred to herein are appropriately enlarged and reduced for ease of understanding, and each waveform shown is also simplified, exaggerated, or emphasized for ease of understanding.

Embodiment 1

(17) FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a motor system 100A including a driving circuit 200A according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. The driving circuit 200A constitutes the motor system 100A together with a stepping motor 102 and a host controller 2. The stepping motor 102 may be any of a PM (permanent magnet) type, a VR (variable reluctance) type, and an HB (hybrid) type.

(18) An input clock CLK is input from the host controller 2 to an input pin IN of the driving circuit 200A. In addition, a direction indication signal S.sub.DIR indicating clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) is input to a direction indication pin DIR of the driving circuit 200A.

(19) The driving circuit 200A rotates a rotor of the stepping motor 102 at a predetermined angle in a direction corresponding to the direction indication signal S.sub.DIR whenever the input clock CLK is input.

(20) The driving circuit 200A is integrated as one body on a single semiconductor substrate that includes bridge circuits 202_1 and 202_2, a current value setting circuit 210, a counter electromotive force detection circuit 230, constant current chopper circuits 250_1 and 250_2, a logic circuit 270, and an interface circuit 280A.

(21) In the present embodiment, the stepping motor 102 is a two-phase motor, and includes a first coil L1 and a second coil L2. A driving method of the driving circuit 200A is not particularly limited, and may be any of one-phase excitation, two-phase excitation, one-two-phase excitation, or microstep driving (W1-two-phase driving, 2W1-two-phase driving, or the like).

(22) The bridge circuit 202_1 of a first channel CH1 is connected to the first coil L1. The bridge circuit 202_2 of a second channel CH2 is connected to the second coil L2.

(23) Each of the bridge circuits 202_1 and 202_2 is an H-bridge circuit including four transistors M1 to M4. The transistors M1 to M4 of the bridge circuit 202_1 are switched based on a control signal CNT1 from the logic circuit 270, whereby a voltage V.sub.OUT1 of the first coil L1 (also referred to as a first coil voltage) is switched.

(24) The bridge circuit 202_2 is configured similarly to the bridge circuit 202_1, and the transistors M1 to M4 thereof are switched based on a control signal CNT2 from the logic circuit 270, whereby a voltage V.sub.OUT2 of the second coil L2 (also referred to as a second coil voltage) is switched.

(25) The current value setting circuit 210 generates a current set value I.sub.REF. Immediately after the start of the stepping motor 102, the current set value I.sub.REF is fixed to any predetermined value (referred to as a full torque set value) I.sub.FULL. The predetermined value I.sub.FULL may be a maximum value within a range that the current set value I.sub.REF can take, and in this case, the stepping motor 102 is driven by full torque. This state will be referred to as a high torque mode.

(26) When the stepping motor 102 starts to rotate stably, in other words, when the risk of step-out is reduced, it is shifted to a high efficiency mode. The current value setting circuit 210 adjusts the current set value I.sub.REF by feedback control in the high efficiency mode, thereby reducing power consumption.

(27) The counter electromotive force detection circuit 230 detects a counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 (V.sub.BEMF2) generated in the coil L1 (L2) of the stepping motor 102. A method for detecting the counter electromotive force is not particularly limited, and a known technique may be used. In general, the counter electromotive force may be obtained by setting a certain detection window (detection section), setting both ends of the coil to high impedance, and sampling a voltage of the coil at that time. Therefore, the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 (V.sub.BEMF2) can be measured each time one end of the coil to be monitored (output of the bridge circuit) becomes high impedance, i.e., for each predetermined excitation position.

(28) The constant current chopper circuit 250_1 generates a pulse-modulated signal S.sub.PWM1 which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value I.sub.NF1 of a coil current I.sub.L1 flowing through the first coil L1 approaches a target amount based on the current set value I.sub.REF while the first coil L1 is supplied with electric power. The constant current chopper circuit 250_2 generates a pulse-modulated signal S.sub.PWM2 which is pulse-modulated so that a detected value I.sub.NF2 of a coil current I.sub.L2 flowing through the second coil L2 approaches the current set value I.sub.REF while the second coil L2 is supplied with electric power.

(29) The bridge circuits 202_1 and 202_2 each include a current detection resistor R.sub.NF, in which a voltage drop of the current detection resistor R.sub.NF becomes the detected value of the coil current I.sub.L. The position of the current detection resistor R.sub.NF is not limited, but it may be installed at a power source side or may be installed in series with the coil between two outputs of the bridge circuit.

(30) The logic circuit 270 controls the bridge circuit 202_1 connected to the first coil L1 depending on the pulse-modulated signal S.sub.PWM1. Also, the logic circuit 270 controls the bridge circuit 202_2 connected to the second coil L2 depending on the pulse-modulated signal S.sub.PWM2.

(31) The logic circuit 270 changes the excitation position and switches the coil (or the pair of coils) for supplying a current whenever the input clock CLK is input. The excitation position is recognized as a combination of magnitudes and directions of the coil current of the first coil L1 and the coil current of the second coil L2. The excitation position may be shifted according to only a positive edge or only a negative edge of the input clock CLK, or both.

(32) As described above, the current value setting circuit 210 is configured to be switched between (i) a high torque mode in which the current set value I.sub.REF defining the amplitude of the coil current is fixed to a large value corresponding to the full torque and (ii) a high efficiency mode in which the current set value I.sub.REF is adjusted by feedback control.

(33) The driving circuit 200A is configured to output the current set value I.sub.REF to the outside or to access the current set value I.sub.REF from the outside. To this end, the interface circuit 280A is installed in the driving circuit 200A.

(34) The interface circuit 280A may be switched to be enabled or disabled, in which the interface circuit 280A may be enabled only when the current set value I.sub.REF is desired to be known.

(35) FIGS. 5A to 5C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of the interface circuit 280A. In FIG. 5A, the interface circuit 280A includes a register 282 and an I.sup.2C (inter IC) circuit 284. The current set value I.sub.REF at a predetermined timing is written in the register 282. Alternatively, the value of the register 282 may be updated at all times by the current set value I.sub.REF changing every moment. The I.sup.2C circuit 284 may output the current set value I.sub.REF to the outside when the register 282 is accessed from the outside. Instead of the I.sup.2C, an SPI (serial peripheral interface) or other transmitters or transceivers may be used.

(36) Alternatively, the interface circuit 280A may always output the current set value I.sub.REF to the outside regardless of whether there is a request from the outside. In FIG. 5B, a digital current set value I.sub.REF is always output to the outside by a transmitter 286.

(37) In FIG. 5C, a D/A converter 288 converts the digital current set value I.sub.REF into an analog signal (voltage signal). Then, a buffer 289 outputs the analog signal to the outside.

(38) FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the driving circuit 200A. Only a portion related to the first coil L1 is illustrated in FIG. 6.

(39) The current value setting circuit 210 will be described. The current value setting circuit 210 includes a feedback controller 220, a feedforward controller 240, and a multiplexer 212. The feedforward controller 240 outputs a fixed current set value Ix (=I.sub.FULL) used in the high torque mode immediately after the starting. This current set value Ix is set to a large value in order to prevent step-out.

(40) The feedback controller 220 becomes active in the high efficiency mode, and outputs a current set value Iy which is feedback-controlled based on the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF.

(41) The multiplexer 212 selects one of the two signals Ix and Iy depending on a mode selection signal MODE to output the selected signal as the current set value I.sub.REF.

(42) The feedback controller 220 includes a load angle estimation part 222, a subtractor 224, and a proportional-integral (PI) controller 226.

(43) The counter electromotive force detection circuit 230 detects a counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 (V.sub.BEMF2) generated in the coil L1 (L2) of the stepping motor 102. A method for detecting the counter electromotive force is not particularly limited, and a known technique may be used. In general, the counter electromotive force can be obtained by setting a certain detection window (detection section), setting both ends of the coil to high impedance, and sampling the voltage of the coil at that time. Therefore, the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 (V.sub.BEMF2) can be measured each time one end of the coil to be monitored (output of the bridge circuit) becomes high impedance, i.e., for each predetermined excitation position.

(44) The load angle estimation part 222 estimates a load angle φ based on the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1. The load angle φ corresponds to a difference between a current vector (i.e., a position command) determined by a driving current flowing through the first coil L1 and a position of a rotor (movable element). As described above, the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 is given by the following equation.
V.sub.BEMF1=K.sub.E.Math.ω.Math.cos φ
wherein K.sub.E is a counter electromotive force constant and ω is a rotation speed. Therefore, a detected value having a correlation with the load angle φ can be generated by measuring the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF. For example, cow may be used as the detected value. In this case, the detected value is expressed by Eq. (2).

(45) $\begin{array}{cc}\begin{array}{c}\cos \phi =V_{\mathrm{BEMF}1}.Math.{\omega }^{-1}/K_E\\ =V_{\mathrm{BEMF}1}.Math.\left(T/2\pi \right).Math.K_E^{-1}\end{array}& \mathrm{Eq}.\left(2\right)\end{array}$

(46) The feedback controller 220 generates the current set value Iy so that the estimated load angle φ approaches a predetermined target angle φ.sub.REF. Specifically, the subtractor 224 generates an error ERR between the detected value cow and the target value cos(φ.sub.REF) based on the load angle φ. The PI controller 226 performs a PI control operation so that the error ERR becomes zero to generate the current set value Iy. The processing of the feedback controller 220 may also be realized by an analog circuit using an error amplifier.

(47) The constant current chopper circuit 250_1 includes a D/A converter 252, a PWM comparator 254, an oscillator 256, and a flip-flop 258. The D/A converter 252 converts the current set value I.sub.REF into an analog voltage V.sub.REF. The PWM comparator 254 compares the feedback signal I.sub.NF1 with the reference voltage V.sub.REF, and asserts (high) an OFF signal S.sub.OFF when I.sub.NF1>V.sub.REF. The oscillator 256 generates a periodic ON signal S.sub.ON defining a chopping frequency. The flip-flop 258 outputs a PWM signal S.sub.PWM1 which transitions to an ON level (for example, high) in response to the ON signal S.sub.ON and transitions to an OFF level (for example, low) in response to the OFF signal S.sub.OFF.

(48) Although the interface circuit 280A is omitted in FIG. 6, it may be installed at a position corresponding to the configuration of the interface circuit 280A. When the interface circuit 280A in FIG. 5A is employed, the output Iy of the feedback controller 220 may be stored in the register 282. When the interface circuit 280A in FIG. 5B is employed, the output Iy of the feedback controller 220 may be output to the outside by the transmitter 286. These paths are illustrated as (i) in FIG. 6.

(49) When the interface circuit 280A in FIG. 5C is employed, the D/A converter 288 may be configured to correspond to the D/A converter 252, and the output of the D/A converter 252 may be output to the outside by the buffer 289. This path is illustrated as (ii) in FIG. 6.

(50) The configuration of the driving circuit 200A has been described above. Next, an operation thereof will be described.

(51) (i) The interface circuit 280A can be effectively utilized in the design stage of the motor system 100. In the design stage, the load and rotational speed of the stepping motor 102 are determined for each platform and application. When they are determined, the amount of current in the high efficiency mode becomes a substantially constant value. Therefore, in the design stage, when the current set value I.sub.REF stabilized to a certain amount in the high efficiency mode is obtained, it is possible to know how much torque allows the stepping motor to be driven, which can be useful for system design.

(52) (ii) The interface circuit 280A can be effectively utilized even during the actual operation of the motor system 100. For example, the current set value I.sub.REF stabilized in the high efficiency mode is monitored, and when it is out of an appropriate range, it can be determined that an error has occurred.

Embodiment 2

(53) FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a motor system 100B including a driving circuit 200B according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. A basic configuration of the motor system 100B is identical to that of the motor system 100A in FIG. 4, and therefore, only differences will be described.

(54) The driving circuit 200B is configured to output the detected value of the coil current I.sub.L to the outside, or to access the detected value of the coil current from the outside. The driving circuit 200B includes an interface circuit 280B instead of the interface circuit 280A in FIG. 4. The interface circuit 280B is installed to output the detected value of the coil current to the outside as an analog signal or a digital signal, or the interface circuit 280B is installed to access the detected value of the coil current from the outside.

(55) The detected value I.sub.NF1 (or I.sub.NF2) of the coil current corresponds to a voltage drop of the detection resistor R.sub.NF installed in the bridge circuit 202_1 (or 202_2).

(56) FIGS. 8A to 8C are diagrams illustrating configuration examples of the interface circuit 280B. In FIG. 8A, the interface circuit 280B includes an A/D converter 290, a register 292, and an I.sup.2C circuit 294. The A/D converter 290 samples a current-detected value I.sub.FB at a predetermined timing and converts it into a digital signal. The digital signal of the current-detected value is written in the register 292. The value of the register 292 may be updated at all times at each sampling timing. The I.sup.2C circuit 294 may output a digital current-detected value I.sub.NF to the outside when the register 292 is accessed from the outside. Instead of the I.sup.2C, an SPI (serial peripheral interface) or other transmitters or transceivers may be used.

(57) Alternatively, the interface circuit 280B may always output the current-detected value I.sub.NF to the outside regardless of whether there is a request from the outside. In FIG. 8B, the digital current-detected value I.sub.NF is always output to the outside by the transmitter 296.

(58) In FIG. 8C, a buffer 299 outputs an analog current-detected value I.sub.NF to the outside.

(59) More specifically, the driving circuit 200B in FIG. 7 may be configured similarly to the driving circuit 200A in FIG. 6, in which the interface circuit 280B may be added at an appropriate position.

(60) The configuration of the driving circuit 200B has been described above. Next, an operation thereof will be described.

(61) (i) The interface circuit 280B can be effectively utilized in the design stage of the motor system 100. Since the constant current chopping control is performed so that the current-detected value I.sub.NF coincides with the current set value I.sub.REF, it may be considered that the current-detected value I.sub.NF and the current set value I.sub.REF are substantially equal in a steady state.

(62) In the design stage, in a situation where the stepping motor is stably driven in the high-efficiency mode, when the current-detected value I.sub.NF stabilized to a certain amount is obtained, it is possible to know how much torque allows the stepping motor to be driven, which can be useful for system design.

(63) (ii) The interface circuit 280B can be effectively utilized even during the actual operation of the motor system 100. For example, the current-detected value I.sub.NF stabilized in the high efficiency mode is monitored, and when it is out of a proper range, it can be determined that an error has occurred.

(64) FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another configuration example of the current value setting circuit 210. The feedback controller 220 is active in the high efficiency mode, and generates a current-corrected value ΔI whose value is adjusted so that the load angle φ approaches the target value φ.sub.REF. The current-corrected value ΔI is zero in the high torque mode.

(65) The feedforward controller 240 outputs a predetermined high efficiency set value I.sub.LOW in the high efficiency mode. A relationship of I.sub.FULL>I.sub.LOW may be established. The current value setting circuit 210 includes an adder 214 instead of the multiplexer 212 in FIG. 6, in which the adder 214 adds the current-corrected value ΔI to the high efficiency set value I.sub.LOW generated by the feedforward controller 240. Thus, the current set value I.sub.REF=I.sub.LOW+ΔI is adjusted so that the load angle φ approaches the target value φ.sub.REF.

(66) Lastly, applications of the driving circuits 200A and 200B (generally and simply referred to as a driving circuit 200) will be described. The driving circuit 200 is used for various electronic devices. FIGS. 10A to 10C are perspective views illustrating examples of an electronic device including the driving circuit 200.

(67) The electronic device in FIG. 10A is an optical disk device 500. The optical disk device 500 includes an optical disk 502 and a pickup 504. The pickup 504 is installed for writing and reading data into and from the optical disc 502. The pickup 504 is movable over the recording surface of the optical disk 502 in the radial direction of the optical disk (tracking). The distance between the pickup 504 and the optical disk is also variable (focusing). The pickup 504 is positioned by a stepping motor (not shown). The driving circuit 200 controls the stepping motor. With this configuration, the pickup 504 can be positioned with high efficiency and high accuracy while preventing step-out.

(68) The electronic device in FIG. 10B is a device 600 having an imaging function, such as a digital still camera, a digital video camera, a portable telephone terminal, or the like. The device 600 includes an imaging element 602 and an auto-focus lens 604. The stepping motor 102 positions the auto-focus lens 604. According to this configuration in which the driving circuit 200 drives the stepping motor 102, the auto-focus lens 604 can be positioned with high efficiency and high accuracy while preventing step-out. The driving circuit 200 may be used for driving a lens for camera shake correction, in addition to the auto-focus lens. Alternatively, the driving circuit 200 may be used for aperture control.

(69) The electronic device in FIG. 10C is a printer 700. The printer 700 includes a head 702 and a guide rail 704. The head 702 is supported so as to be positioned along the guide rail 704. The stepping motor 102 controls the position of the head 702. The driving circuit 200 controls the stepping motor 102. With this configuration, the head 702 can be positioned with high efficiency and high accuracy while preventing step-out. The driving circuit 200 may be used for driving a motor for a paper feeding mechanism, in addition to driving the head.

(70) The present disclosure has been described above with reference to the embodiments. It is to be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments are merely illustrative and may be differently modified by any combination of the components or processes, and the modifications are also within the scope of the present disclosure. Hereinafter, the modifications will be described.

(71) (Modification 1)

(72) The logic circuit 270 may adjust a power source voltage V.sub.DD supplied to the bridge circuit 202, instead of adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse-modulated signal S2 or in combination with it, so that the load angle φ approaches the target angle φ.sub.REF. By changing the power source voltage V.sub.DD, the electric power supplied to the coils L1 and L2 of the stepping motor 102 can be changed.

(73) (Modification 2)

(74) In the embodiments, there has been described a case where the bridge circuit 202 is configured by a full bridge circuit (H bridge). However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the bridge circuit 202 may be configured by a half bridge circuit. Also, the bridge circuit 202 may be a separate chip from the driving circuit 200A (200B) or may be a discrete component.

(75) (Modification 3)

(76) The method for generating the current set value Iy in the high efficiency mode is not limited to that described in the embodiments. For example, a target value V.sub.BEMF(REF) of the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 may be determined, and a feedback loop may be configured so that the counter electromotive force V.sub.BEMF1 approaches the target value V.sub.BEMF(REF).

(77) (Modification 4)

(78) In the embodiments, the currents I.sub.OUT1 and I.sub.OUT2 flowing through the two coils are turned on and off according to an excitation position, but the amount of currents thereof is constant regardless of the excitation position. In this case, the torque is varied in the case of one-two-phase excitation. Instead of this control, the currents I.sub.OUT1 and I.sub.OUT2 may be corrected so that the torque is constant regardless of the excitation position. For example, in the one-two-phase excitation, the amounts of the currents I.sub.OUT1 and I.sub.OUT2 at the excitation positions 2, 4, 6, and 8 may be set to √2 times the amounts of the currents at the excitation positions 1, 3, 5, and 7.

(79) (Modification 5)

(80) In the embodiments, the feedback controller 220 is configured by the PI controller. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and a PID controller or the like may be used.

(81) According to the present disclosure in some embodiments, it is possible to output information useful for system design or control to outside.

(82) While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosures. Indeed, the embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosures. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosures.