Variable Color 3D Printer Material Using Reversible Thermochromic Additive

Abstract

A polymeric material that is heated and extruded to build 3D-printed objects has variable and reversible thermochromic properties which enable software-controlled color alteration according to the extrusion temperature of the 3D printer, enabling 3D printing of a single object, in multiple colors, using a stock 3D printer. This color alteration is reversible, allowing the printing material to revert to its original color when it is exposed to a certain temperature range. The embodiment enables stock 3D printers to produce multicolored objects via software control, without requiring printer modifications or the use of ancillary tools. It enables the printing of single objects in multiple colors, using a single stock material.

Claims

1. A polymeric material for 3D printing comprising: a polymer; and at least one thermochromic additive; and said polymer having a predetermined melt-temperature range; wherein printing with the polymeric material yields at least a first color when printed at a temperature in the lower melt-temperature range, and yields at least a second color when printed at a temperature in the higher melt-temperature range.

2. The polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 1 wherein: said at least one thermochromic additive is reversible and returns to its original color when cooled below a predetermined cold-activation temperature.

3. The polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 1 further comprising: said at least one thermochromic additive has a hot-activation temperature within said predetermined melt temperature range; wherein printing the polymeric material yields at least a first color when printed at a temperature below said hot-activation temperature, and yields at least a second color when printed at a temperature above said hot-activation temperature, providing a single printed object of one polymeric material in at least two colors.

4. The polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 3 wherein: said polymer is a first color; and a first of said at least one thermochromic additive is of second color; and a second of said at least one thermochromic additive is of a third color; and said first of said at least one thermochromic additive has a first hot activation point that is different than a that of said second of said at least one thermochromic additive which has a second hot activation point; wherein printing said polymeric material at a temperature not in the range of said first hot activation point or said second hot activation point yields said first color; and printing said polymeric material at a temperature in the range of said first hot activation point yields a combination of said first color and said second color; and printing said polymeric material at a temperature in the range of said second hot activation point yields a combination of said first color and said third color.

5. The polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 3 wherein: one of said at least one thermochromic additives is transparent at temperatures below said hot-activation temperature and is a color at temperatures above said hot activation temperature.

6. The polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 3 wherein: one of said at least one thermochromic additives is a color at temperatures below said hot-activation temperature and is transparent at temperatures above said hot activation temperature.

7. A method of using the polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 1, the method comprising: providing a 3D printer; and loading said 3D printer with the polymeric material of claim 1; and adjusting the temperature of a print head on said provided 3D printer to at least a first temperature within said predetermined melt temperature range; and printing at least a first portion of an object in said at least said first color; and adjusting the temperature of said print head on said provided 3D printer to at least a second temperature within said predetermined melt temperature range; and printing at least a second portion of an object in said at least said second color; wherein the resulting printed object comprises at least two colors.

8. The method of using the polymeric material of claim 7 further comprising: cooling said resulting printed object below a predetermined cold-activation temperature, resulting in a printed object of one color.

9. The method of using the polymeric material of claim 7 further comprising: adjusting the temperature of said print head on said provided 3D printer to at least a third temperature; and printing at least a third portion of said object.

10. A method of manufacturing the polymeric material for 3D printing of claim 3, the method comprising: combining a polymer with at least one thermochromic additive; and forming combined polymer and at least one thermochromic additive(s) into a material; and chilling said material; wherein printing with said material yields at least a first color when printed at a temperature below said hot activation temperature and within the melt-temperature range, and yields at least a second color when printed at a temperature above said hot activation temperature and within said melt-temperature range.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a multicolored 3D object, printed using the embodiment.

[0044] FIG. 2 is a front view of a polymer extruded without an activated color change.

[0045] FIG. 3 is a front view of a polymer extruded with an activated color change.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In FIG. 1, a multicolor 3D object is shown printed using the embodiment. The print material's color is programmed by software at time of extrusion by selectively adjusting the 3D printer's hot-end temperature. During printing, as the temperature of the print nozzle changes, the print material's color changes. Lettering 112 is printed at a programmed temperature to produce a color. A base 110 is printed at a different programmed temperature to produce a clear base.

[0047] FIG. 2 shows a detail view of the printing of, for example, the lettering of FIG. 1. In magnified view, it shows an extruded length of a polymer 118 produced by a filament of the embodiment 114, printed at a hot-end 116 temperature that does not activate a color change.

[0048] FIG. 3 shows another detail view of the printing of, for example, a different layer of polymer 122 produced by the embodiment 114. In this case the polymer is extruded with an activated color change; the temperature of the print head's hot end 116 has been set to output the activated color. In this case the embodiment 114 is activated and the extruded polymer 122 changes color.