Baluster Installation System and Method

Abstract

A baluster installation system. The system can comprise a connector comprising a first section for engaging an end of a baluster and a second end for engaging a route in a handrail. The first section can comprise a first shaft and a plurality of first ribs extending from the first shaft, and the second section can include a second shaft and a plurality of second ribs extending from the second shaft. The first ribs can be adapted to engage a portion of the baluster when the first section is engaged with the end of the baluster, and the second ribs can be adapted to engage sidewalls of the route when the second section is engaged with the route.

Claims

1. A baluster installation system comprising a connector, comprising: a first section for being at least partially received in an end of a baluster, the first section comprising a first shaft and a plurality of first ribs extending from the first shaft, wherein the plurality of first ribs is adapted to engage a portion of the baluster when the first section is at least partially received in the end of the baluster; and a second section for being at least partially received in a route in a handrail, the second section comprising a second shaft and a plurality of second ribs extending from the second shaft, wherein the plurality of second ribs is adapted to engage sidewalls of the route when the second section is at least partially received in the route.

2. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein each first rib of the plurality of first ribs comprises a wrapped rib extending around a perimeter of the first shaft, and the first ribs are spaced along a height of the first shaft.

3. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein each first rib of the plurality of first ribs comprises a base that extends radially outwardly from the first shaft.

4. The baluster installation system of claim 3, wherein each of the first ribs has a triangular cross-section with a sloped surface extending from the base to the first shaft and away from the second section.

5. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein the second shaft comprises at least a side extending between at least two faces of the second shaft, and second ribs of the plurality of second ribs are spaced along the side.

6. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein the second shaft comprises a first side and a second side, each extending from a front face to a rear face of the second shaft, and each second rib of the plurality of second ribs extends on one of the first side and the second side.

7. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein each second rib of the plurality of second ribs has a triangular cross-section and extends obliquely with respect to the plurality of first ribs.

8. The baluster installation system of claim 1, wherein the second shaft comprises at least a front face, a top face, and an oblique face extending between the top face and the front face, and each second rib of the plurality of second ribs is parallel to the oblique face.

9. The baluster installation system of claim 8, wherein the second shaft comprises a rear face opposite to the front face and defines a hole extending from the rear face to the top face and the oblique face, the hole extends perpendicular to the oblique face, and the hole is adapted to at least partially receive a fastener for at least partially securing the connector to the handrail.

10. A method of attaching a baluster to a handrail, the method comprising: obtaining a connector comprising a first section with a first shaft and a plurality of first ribs extending from the first shaft and a second section with a second shaft and a plurality of second ribs extending from the second shaft; engaging the first section of the connector with an end of a baluster; and engaging the second section of the connector with a route formed in a handrail.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of first ribs is in frictional engagement with the end of the baluster after the engaging the first end of the connector with the end of the baluster, and the plurality of second ribs is in frictional engagement with sidewalls of the route of the handrail after the engaging the second section of the connector with the route.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the second shaft comprises at least a top face and an oblique face, the handrail has a transverse face extending along the route, and the engaging the second section of the connector with the route comprises positioning the second section in the route so that the transverse face of the route abuts at least one of the top face and the oblique face of the second shaft.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising positioning the handrail to extend along a rake of a stair, wherein the second shaft of the connector comprises an oblique face, and the engaging the second section of the connector with the route comprises positioning the second shaft within the route so that the oblique face abuts a face of the handrail extending in the route along the rake of the stair.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising securing the connector to the handrail by securing a fastener to the handrail via a hole defined in the second shaft and into a face of the handrail extending along the route.

15. The method of claim 10, further comprising inserting a fillet into the route proximate the connector after the engaging the second section of the connector with the route.

16. A handrail and baluster assembly, comprising: a handrail defining a route; a baluster having an end extending at least partially around an interior of the baluster; and a connector comprising: a first section at least partially received in the interior at the end of the baluster, the first section comprising a first shaft and a plurality of first ribs extending from the first shaft, wherein the plurality of first ribs engages a portion of the baluster in the interior of the baluster for at least partially retaining the first section in the interior of the end of the baluster; and a second section at least partially received in the route in the handrail, the second section comprising a second shaft and a plurality of second ribs extending from the second shaft, wherein the plurality of second ribs engages sidewalls of the route for at least partially retaining the second section in the route.

17. The handrail and baluster assembly of claim 16, wherein the plurality of first ribs is in frictional engagement with a wall of the baluster extending along the interior of the end of the baluster, and the plurality of second ribs is in frictional engagement with the sidewalls of the route of the handrail.

18. The handrail and baluster assembly of claim 16, wherein the second shaft comprises at least a top face and an oblique face, the handrail has a transverse face extending between the sidewalls of the route, and the transverse face of the route abuts at least one of the top face and the oblique face of the second shaft.

19. The handrail and baluster assembly of claim 16, wherein the second shaft comprises an oblique face engaging a transverse face of the route of the handrail, and the oblique face of the second shaft and the transverse face of the route extend along a similar or identical angle as a rake of a stair.

20. The handrail and baluster assembly of claim 16, wherein the second shaft comprises a rear face, an oblique face, a top face extending from the rear face to the oblique face, and a hole extending at least partially perpendicularly with respect to the oblique face from the rear face to the top face and the oblique face, and the connector is at least partially secured to the handrail by a fastener at least partially received in the hole and extending into the handrail via the route.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] According to common practice, the various features of the drawings discussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale. Dimensions of various features and elements in the drawings may be expanded or reduced to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rail connector for attaching a baluster to a handrail according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 2A is a top plan view of the rail connector of FIG. 1.

[0018] FIGS. 2B-2D are elevation views of the rail connector of FIG. 1.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a baluster and handrail assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure including the rail connector of FIG. 1.

[0020] FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of the baluster and handrail assembly of FIG. 3.

[0021] FIG. 6 is an elevation view of the baluster and handrail assembly of FIG. 3 showing the assembly of a baluster to the handrail in an angled configuration with the rail connector of FIG. 1.

[0022] FIG. 7 is an exploded elevation view of the baluster and handrail assembly of FIG. 3 with the handrail in a horizontal configuration.

[0023] Corresponding parts are designated by corresponding reference numbers throughout the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The present disclosure generally relates to a system and method of connecting balusters to a handrail. In embodiments, the disclosure includes a rail connector that connects (e.g., universally connects) a baluster (e.g., a hollow metal baluster or another suitable baluster) and a rail (e.g., a handrail for a stairway). In some embodiments, the rail connector can facilitate the installation of an angled rail system, such as those associated with stairs or ramps, a rail system having no angle, such as horizontal rails along balconies, stair landings, etc., and/or other suitable rail assemblies. The rail connector can be adaptable to be used with numerous different rail systems and angles.

[0025] FIGS. 1-7 illustrate an example embodiment of a connector 1 for connecting a baluster 4 to a rail 5 to form a rail and baluster assembly 101 (FIGS. 3-6) including the connector 1, and a method of forming the rail and baluster assembly 101 with the connector 1 in accordance with the disclosure. In one embodiment, the rail and baluster assembly 101 can include a handrail 5 and one or more balusters 4 mounted to the handrail 5 by the connector 1 (FIGS. 3-7). In an exemplary embodiment, the rail 5 can be mounted between two support structures (e.g., newel posts, walls, etc.) (not shown) at an angle, extending along the rake of a set of stairs (FIGS. 3-6), and/or level, extending horizontally along a floor (e.g., of a stair landing, a balcony, etc.) (FIG. 7). In the illustrated embodiment, the rail 5 can be plowed/routed to form a plow or route 21 along its bottom, and the route 21 can include two sidewalls 23 (e.g., extending vertically along an interior of the route 21) and a transverse face 25 (FIGS. 3-7). In an exemplary embodiment, the route 21 can have a width of approximately ½-inch and a depth of approximately ¾-inch or could have any suitable dimensions. The rail 5 could be otherwise shaped, positioned, arranged, and/or configured without departing from the disclosure.

[0026] As shown in FIGS. 3-7, the baluster 4 can have a first or bottom end 4a (e.g., a rounded or pin end) and a second or top end 4b. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom end 4a can be a rounded or pin end (e.g., a cylinder or any suitable shape) and the top end 4b can be a square end (e.g., with a generally square cross-section or any suitable cross-sectional shape). At least the top end 4b of the baluster 4 can be in the form of a tube (e.g., hollow) for at least partially receiving at least a portion of the connector 1 in the interior 4c of the baluster 4. In an exemplary embodiment, the entire length of the baluster 4 can be hollow. The baluster 4 could be otherwise shaped, positioned, arranged, and/or configured without departing from the disclosure.

[0027] As shown in FIGS. 1-2D, the connector 1 can include a first or lower section 2 and a second or upper section 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower section 2 can include a lower shaft 2a, which can have an octagonal cross-section or could have any suitable cross-sectional shape (e.g., a circle, an oval, a polygon, etc.). In exemplary embodiments, the shape of the lower shaft 2a can at least partially correspond to the cross-sectional shape of the interior 4c of the baluster 4. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2B-2C, the lower shaft 2a can include a plurality of wrapped ribs 2b (e.g., interference fit ribs) extending around the perimeter of the lower shaft 2a and spaced along the height of the lower section 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the ribs 2b can be evenly spaced along the lower shaft 2a, and each can have a triangular cross-section with a base that extends radially outwardly (e.g., horizontally) from the lower shaft 2a to an outer edge of the rib 2b and a sloped surface extending downwardly and inwardly in an oblique direction from the outer edge to the lower shaft 2a (e.g., the sloped surface extends inwardly and away from the upper section 3 as it extends from the outer edge of the rib 2b to the lower shaft 2a). In an exemplary embodiment, the ribs 2b can act as teeth gripping the inside wall of the baluster 4 by flexing the ribs 2b in their range of motion when inserting the lower section 2 of the connector 1 into the top end 4b of the baluster 4. The ribs 2b can become compressed in the interior of the baluster 4 by the walls of the baluster when the lower section 2 of the connector 1 is inserted into the top end 4b of the baluster 4. The compression of the ribs 2b and/or frictional engagement of the ribs 2b with the interior of the baluster 4 can help resist removal of the connector 1 from the top end 4b of the baluster 4, opposing forces that may otherwise move the lower section 2 outwardly from the interior of the baluster 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the ribs 2b can help create a tight and secure fit to the inside walls of the baluster 4. Any portion of the lower section 2, including at least the lower shaft 2a and/or any of the ribs 2b, could be omitted or could be otherwise shaped, positioned, arranged, and/or configured without departing from the disclosure. For example, the ribs 2b could be unevenly spaced and/or could have any suitable cross-sectional shape.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 1-2D, the upper section 3 of the connector 1 can include a second or upper shaft 3a, which can have a rectangular shape or any suitable shape. In the illustrated embodiment, oblique ribs 3b (e.g., interference fit ribs) can extend outwardly from the upper shaft 3a, can be evenly spaced along the upper shaft 3a, and can have a triangular cross-section or any suitable cross-sectional shape. In one embodiment, the oblique ribs 3b can be at an inverse and oblique orientation with respect to the lower shaft ribs 2b and/or with respect to a central axis of the connector 1 (e.g., a central axis of the upper shaft 3a). As shown in FIGS. 1-2D, the upper shaft 3a can include two sides 31 (e.g., a first side 31 and a second side 31), a front face 33, a rear face 35, and a top face 37. In the illustrated embodiment, the oblique ribs 3b can extend from the sides 31 between the front face 33 and the rear face 35 or the top face 37. In embodiments, each of the oblique ribs 3b can have a base extending outwardly (e.g., perpendicularly to) the respective side 31 to an outer edge and a sloped surface extending inwardly and upwardly (e.g., away from the lower shaft 2a) to the respective side 31. In the illustrated embodiment, the oblique ribs 3b can be arranged so that the outer edges and the bases extend along a downward slope from the rear face 35 to the front face 33.

[0029] In the illustrated embodiment, an oblique face 3e (e.g., an angled notch) can extend from the front face 33 to the top face 37 along the same or a similar angle as the oblique ribs 3b. For example, the angle of the oblique ribs 3b and the oblique face 3e can be approximately the average rake angle for a rail standard along a stair (e.g., an approximately 7⅜ slope). Alternatively, the oblique ribs 3b and/or the oblique face 3e can extend at any suitable angle for engaging a rail oriented at any suitable angle and/or the oblique ribs 3b and the oblique face 3e can extend at different angles. In the illustrated embodiment, the oblique ribs 3b can be angled to engage the sidewalls 23 of the route 21 so that the oblique ribs 3b are compressed and/or deformed when inserting the upper section 3 of the connector 1 into the route 21 (e.g., while rotating the baluster 4 into position along a stair) so that the ribs 3b resist motion away from the rail 5, at least partially locking the baluster 4 into position. As shown in FIGS. 1-2C, the oblique face 3e can be an additional guide for rotating the baluster 4 in position along a stair by engaging the transverse face 25 of the route 21 of the angled rail 5 (FIG. 4) and helping to stop the baluster 4 from over rotating past vertical. Further, the top face 37 of the upper shaft 3a can engage (e.g., contact, abut, etc.) the transverse face 25 of the route 21 for a horizontal rail 5 (FIG. 7) to help position the baluster 4 during installation so that the connector 1 can be used for rake and level applications. In exemplary embodiments, the oblique face 3e can help maximize the number of oblique ribs 3b positioned along the sides 31 of the upper shaft 3a.

[0030] As shown in FIGS. 1-2D, a counterbored hole 3d can extend from the rear face 35 to the top face 37 and the oblique face 3e (e.g., the hole 3d can be oriented perpendicularly to the oblique face 3e). In the illustrated embodiment, the hole 3d can be adapted to receive a fastener 8 (FIGS. 3-6) (e.g., a wood screw or other suitable fastener), to further fasten the baluster 4 to the underside of the rail 5. While one hole 3d is shown in the upper shaft 3a, the connector 1 could include any suitable number of holes 3d for use with any suitable number of fasteners 8 or the hole 3d and/or the fastener(s) 8 could be omitted. An opening or countersink 41 can be formed in the rear face 35 in communication with the hole 3d for accommodating the head of the fastener within the upper shaft 3a. In exemplary embodiments, the mechanical attachment feature of the connector 1 can help accommodate or limit any bow that may exist in a section of the rail 5.

[0031] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2B-2D, a baluster cap stop 39 (e.g., which can be a square shaft or can have any suitable shape) can act as a shoulder or ledge extending outwardly from the upper shaft 3a for maintaining the depth of the connector 1 into the top end 4b of the baluster 4 (e.g., so that the connector 1 is not inserted too far into the baluster 4). Regardless of the quality of the finish cut of the baluster 4, the cap stop 39 and the lower section 2 can help keep the connector 1 centered in the baluster 4 and seated at the highest cut point of the top end 4b of the baluster 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the connector 1, nested and clamped inside of the baluster 4 with several rows of the ribs 2b engaging the inside wall of the baluster 4, can accommodate variations in the manufacturing of the baluster 4 (e.g., if the baluster finish cut is short, not straight, uneven, etc.) such as by adjusting how the connector 1 engages the top end 4b of the baluster 4 (e.g., by not fully seating into the baluster 4). In exemplary embodiments, the route 21 can at least partially conceal any imperfections in the top end 4b of the baluster 4 when the upper section 3 is received in the route 21, as described in more detail below, so that the addition of decorative shoes are not needed to hide the imperfections or variations in fit. Any portion of the upper section 3, including at least the upper shaft 3a any of the oblique ribs 3b, the hole 3d, the countersink 41, the oblique face 3e, the faces 31, 33, 35, 37, and/or the stop cap 39, could be omitted or could be otherwise shaped, positioned, arranged, and/or configured without departing from the disclosure. For example, the ribs 3c could be unevenly spaced.

[0032] Referring now to FIG. 6, the rail connector 1 is shown with a baluster 4, a plowed rail 5, and tread 6a of a stair. As shown in FIG. 6, the rail 5 is positioned at an angle, along the rake of the stairs, and the rail 5 can be mounted to a support, such as a newel post or wall, at each end. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower section 2 of the connector 1 is inserted into the top end 4b of the baluster 4 so that the ribs 2b become deformed and compressed by the inner walls of the baluster 4 in its interior 4c to help maintain the engagement between the connector 1 and the top end 4b of the baluster 4 and resist removal of the lower section 2 of the connector from the interior 4c. The connector 1 can be pressed into the top end 4c until the cap stop 39 engages the top end 4b and resists further insertion of the connector 1 into the top end 4b.

[0033] As shown in FIG. 6, the treads 6a of the stair can be drilled with one or more holes 43 (e.g., having a diameter of 7/16-inch or any suitable diameter) for receiving the pin end 4a of respective balusters 4. For example, each tread 6a can include three holes. In the illustrated embodiment, the pin end 4a of the baluster 4 can be positioned into one of the holes 43 in the tread 6a with the connector 1 oriented so that the front face 33 and the oblique face 3e are directed toward the rail 5. Subsequently, the baluster 4 can be pivoted to a vertical orientation while pressing the upper section 3 of the connector 1 into the route 21 of the rail 5. When the upper section 3 is inserted into the route 21, the oblique face 3e can engage the transverse face 25 of the route 21 to stop further pivoting of the baluster 1. As the upper section 3 is inserted into the route 21, the side faces 31 of the upper shaft 3a can be parallel to the sidewalls 23 of the route 21 so that the oblique ribs 3b are deformed and compressed by the sidewalls 23. Accordingly, the engagement of the oblique ribs 3b and the sidewalls 23 can help resist removal of the upper section 3 of the connector 1 from the route 21 and can help maintain the connection of the baluster 4 with the rail 5 via the connector 1. In one embodiment, the interference fit between the oblique ribs 3b and the sidewalls 23 can help retain the oblique face 3e in engagement with the transverse face 25. In some embodiments, the connector 1 can be further secured to the rail 5 by inserting the fastener 8 into the hole 3d via the countersink 41 and screwing the fastener 8 into the rail 5 via the transverse face 25 of the route 21 (FIGS. 3-6). In an example embodiment, a pilot hole can be drilled into the rail 5 before screwing the fastener 8 into place. In other embodiments, the fastener 8 could be omitted or any suitable number of fasteners could be used. This process can be repeated to connect balusters 4 to the rail 5 with the connectors 1 along the entire stairway from the first open tread at the bottom to the last open tread or along any suitable portion of the rail 5.

[0034] As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, a fillet 7 can be inserted into the route 21 between each pair of connectors 1 along the length of the rail 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the ends of the fillet 7 can be oblique so that they are in a vertical orientation when the fillet 7 extends along the angle of the rail 5. Accordingly, the ends of the fillet 7 can engage the vertical rear face 35 of one connector 1 and the vertical front face 33 of the opposing connector 1. In an exemplary embodiment, the fillets 7 can be secured with one or more fasteners (e.g., a pin nail or other suitable fastener) through the underside of the fillet 7 and/or the side of the rail 5. Alternatively, or in addition, the fillets 7 can be secured with adhesive and/or other suitable features. In the illustrated embodiment, the fillet 7 can help retain the connectors 1 in position within the route 21 and can help conceal the connectors 1 and the route 21 on the underside of the rail 5.

[0035] In one exemplary embodiment, the balusters 4 and the rail 5 can be assembled with the connectors 1 along the rake of a stair by plowing the underside of the top rail 5 to form the plow 21 (e.g., being ½-inch wide by ¾-inch deep or any suitable dimensions); setting appropriate number of newels or other supports (not shown) along the stairway; spacing and drilling the base holes 43 (e.g., having a diameter of 7/16-inch or any suitable diameter) evenly along each tread 6a (e.g., 3 holes per tread); setting the top rail 5 in between newels or other supports; selecting pre-cut balusters 4 for each position along the rake of the stair; inserting the lower section 2 of the connector 1 into the square top end 4b of the respective balusters 4; inserting the rounded end 4a of each baluster 4 into the respective base holes 43 of the treads; pivoting the balusters 4 into the plow 21 of the rail 5 until balusters 4 are plumb; and inserting the fillet 7 in between the balusters 4 with a slight reveal along the bottom of the rail 5.

[0036] Referring now to FIG. 7, the rail connector 1 is shown with two balusters 4, the rail 5 in a horizontal orientation, and floor 6b having spaced holes 43. In the illustrated embodiment, the pin end 4a of the baluster 4 can be inserted into the holes 43, which can be evenly spaced or could be otherwise spaced on the floor 6b. The lower sections 2 of the connectors 1 can be inserted into the top ends 4b of the balusters 4 as described above and the rail 5 can be lowered on top of the baluster 4 and secured by the rail connectors 1 similarly as described above for the sloped rail 5. In one embodiment, the top face 37 of the upper shaft 3a of the connector 1 can engage the traverse face 25 of the route 21 when the rail 5 is in position. In some embodiments, the fastener 8 can be installed as described above or could be omitted. Subsequently, the fillets 7 (e.g., have vertical ends) can be inserted between balusters 4 and secured with a pin nail or other suitable fastener through the underside of the fillet 7 and/or the side of the rail 5. Alternatively, or in addition, the fillets 7 can be secured with adhesive and/or other suitable features.

[0037] In one exemplary embodiment, the balusters 4 and the rail 5 can be assembled with the connectors 1 in a level orientation of the rail 5 by plowing the underside of the top rail 5 to form the plow 21 (e.g., being ½-inch wide by ¾-inch deep or any suitable dimensions); setting appropriate number of newels or other supports (not shown) along the level rail 5; spacing and drilling the base holes 43 (e.g., having a diameter of 7/16-inch or any suitable diameter) evenly along the floor 6b (e.g., with a 4⅜″ center to center spacing); selecting the precut balusters 4 and inserting the pin end 4a of each baluster 4 into the respective base holes 43 in the floor 6b; inserting the lower sections 2 of the connectors 1 in the respective top ends 4b of the respective balusters 4; positioning the rail 5 on top of the balusters 4 with the upper sections 3 of the connectors 1 at least partially received in the route 21; securing the rail 5 to the newels or other supports at a desired rail height; and inserting the fillets 7 between the balusters 4 with a slight reveal along the bottom of the rail 5.

[0038] The handrail and baluster assembly 101 could be otherwise formed from the connector 1, the baluster 4, and the rail 5 without departing from the disclosure.

[0039] In embodiments, the connector 1 of the present disclosure can facilitate easier and faster installation of a balustrade. In some embodiments, the assembly can be entirely mechanical and the connector 1 can reduce or eliminate the need for adhesive/glue or epoxy, which can be messy. Also, since at least the connector 1 is concealed in the route 21 of the handrail 5 and by the fillets 7, decorative shoes can be omitted if desired. In some embodiments, the rail 5 can be pre-prepared prior to onsite installation so that onsite measuring and drilling of the rail 5 can be avoided, while also allowing the opportunity to pre-finish the handrail 5 prior to installation.

[0040] In some embodiments, the route 21 in the rail 5 can allow the positioning of the balusters 4 at any point along the rail 5 so that the balusters 4 can be placed as needed without onsite drilling and measuring or with reduced onsite drilling and measuring. In addition, the route 21 of the rail 5 can provide two fixed faces 23 to which the connector 1 can wedge into. Further, the rail fillets 7 can be used to fill in between each baluster 4 once the balusters 4 are secured to the rail 5 (e.g., by the oblique ribs 3b and/or the fastener 8). In some embodiments, the rail fillets 7 can add a secondary constraint to the balusters 4, retaining the balusters 4 in the correct position while also filling the additional void in the bottom of the rail 5.

[0041] Any of the features of the various embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with, replaced by, or otherwise configured with other features of other embodiments of the disclosure without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0042] The foregoing description of the disclosure illustrates and describes various embodiments. As various changes could be made in the above construction without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure covers various modifications, combinations, alterations, etc., of the above-described embodiments. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only selected embodiments, but various other combinations, modifications, and environments are within the scope of the disclosure as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, and/or within the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. Furthermore, certain features and characteristics of each embodiment may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments of the disclosure.