Dental implant and method of installation

Abstract

Methods and dental implants provide dental possibility to reconstruct the atrophic and/or dystrophic jaw bones without jaw bone surgical replacements. Dental implant installation to the vertically and/or horizontally deformed jaw bones is provided by the screws, and the bent dental implants are used for the high degree horizontally deformed jaw bones.

Claims

1. A method for dental implant installation comprising the steps of: providing an opening in a patient's gum tissue; providing a visual inspection of the patient's jaw bone for evaluation of a degree of a horizontal atrophy and a horizontal dystrophy of a horizontally deformed portion of said jaw bone; selecting a dental implant appropriate for a coupling with said jaw bone comprising a truncate cylindrical portion having a longitudinal axis, the truncate cylindrical portion including an upper cylindrical portion for connection with a desired crown or denture, and a lower cylindrical portion extending from the upper cylindrical portion; said lower cylindrical portion having an upper aperture extending transverse to said longitudinal axis for receiving a first screw; and a flat portion extending from the lower cylindrical portion of the truncated cylindrical portion and coaxial with the longitudinal axis of said truncate cylindrical portion, said flat portion including lower aperture for receiving a second screw; inserting through said opening in said gum tissue the selected dental implant; affixing said selected dental implant to said jaw bone by inserting said first and second screws through said upper aperture and said lower aperture; inserting artificial bone material through said opening; closing said opening; installing the desired crown or desired denture directly to said dental implant or through an intermediate abutment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein further said closing of said opening is provided by at least one of staples.

3. A dental implant comprising: a truncate cylindrical portion having a longitudinal axis, the truncate cylindrical portion including an upper cylindrical portion for connection with a desired crown or denture, and a lower cylindrical portion extending from the upper cylindrical portion; said lower cylindrical portion having an upper aperture extending transverse to said longitudinal axis for receiving a first screw that couples said truncate cylindrical portion of said dental implant through said upper aperture to a jaw bone along an axis of said upper aperture; and a flat portion extending from the lower cylindrical portion of the truncated cylindrical portion and coaxial with the longitudinal axis of said truncate cylindrical portion, said flat portion including a lower aperture for receiving a second screw that couples said flat portion of said dental implant through said lower aperture to said jaw bone along an axis of said lower aperture.

4. The dental implant of claim 3, wherein said flat portion Includes a smooth transition where it extends from said truncate cylindrical portion.

5. The dental implant of claim 3, wherein said flat portion is rigidly connected to said truncate cylindrical portion.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) In order that the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed can be more clearly understood, embodiments thereof will be described by way of example with reference to the attached drawings, the detailed description of which particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a simplified drawing of the traditional-style implant (prior art).

(3) FIG. 2 is a simplified spatial left side view of the dental implant.

(4) FIG. 3 is a simplified spatial right side view of the dental implant.

(5) FIG. 4 is a simplified spatial view of the dental implant installation.

(6) FIG. 5 is a simplified cross-sectional 39-39 drawing of the first variant of the dental implant.

(7) FIG. 6 is a simplified cross-sectional 40-40 drawing of installation of the first variant of the dental implant.

(8) FIG. 7 is a simplified drawing of the first configuration of the first variant of the dental implant.

(9) FIG. 8 is a simplified drawing of the second configuration of the first variant of the dental implant.

(10) FIG. 9 is a simplified cross-sectional view of the first variant of the dental implant with the hemi-spherical head.

(11) FIG. 10 is a simplified drawing of the front view of the second variant of the dental implant.

(12) FIG. 11 is a simplified drawing of the top view 41-41 of the second variant of the dental implant.

(13) FIG. 12 is a simplified drawing of the cross-sectional view 42-42 of the second variant of the dental implant.

(14) FIG. 13 is a simplified drawing of the cross-sectional view 43-43 of the second variant of the dental implant.

(15) FIG. 14 is a simplified drawing of the bent dental implant of the second variant.

(16) FIG. 15 is a simplified general cross sectional view of the installed first variant of the dental implant.

THE DRAWING REFERENCE NUMERALS

(17) 1—a traditional-style implant; 2—a gum; 3—a jaw bone; 4—a first variant of a dental implant; 5—a basis; 6—a an extension; 7—an inner thread; 8—a first aperture; 9—a second aperture; 10—a third aperture; 11—a fourth aperture; 12—a fifth aperture; 13—a sixth aperture; 14—a seventh aperture; 15—an eighth aperture; 16—a ninth aperture; 17—a tenth aperture; 18—a eleventh aperture; 19—a twelfth aperture; 20—an axis of first aperture; 21—an axis of second aperture; 22—an axis of third aperture; 23—an axis of forth aperture; 24—an axis of fifth aperture; 25—an axis of sixth aperture; 26—an axis of seventh aperture; 27—an axis of eighth aperture; 28—an axis of ninth aperture; 29—an axis of tenth aperture; 30—an axis of eleventh aperture; 31—an axis of twelfth aperture; 32—a hemi-spherical head; 33—an upper aperture; 34—a lower aperture; 35—an axis of upper aperture; 36—an axis of lower aperture; 37—an artificial bone material (osseous structure); 38—a second variant of a dental implant; 39-39—a cross-section; 40-40—a cross-section; 41-41—a view; 42-42—a cross-section; 43-43—a cross-section; 44—a first rim; 45—a second rim; 46—a truncate cylindrical portion; 47—a flat portion; 48—a horizontally deformed portion of the jaw bone 3; 49—a top of the jaw bone 3; 50—an upper portion of the truncate cylindrical portion 46; 51—a lower portion of the truncate cylindrical portion 46; 52—a lower portion of the flat portion 47.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(18) In accordance with the present disclosure, the first variant of the dental implant 4, intended for installation on the top 49 of the vertically deformed portion of a jaw bones 3 afflicted by the vertical atrophy (as well as by the vertical dystrophy too), as shown in FIGS. 2-9, 15, and the second variant of the dental implant 38, intended for coupling with the horizontally deformed portion 48 of jaw bones 3 afflicted by the horizontal atrophy (as well as by the horizontal dystrophy too), are shown in FIGS. 10-14 [hereinafter, the terms atrophy and dystrophy can be collectively referred as to “atrophy” or “deformed jaw bone(s)”].

(19) The vertical atrophy (vertical dystrophy, vertical deformation) has occurred when the jaw bone is decreased in its height, and is generally a function of the correlation of the height of the jaw bone and the height (length) of traditional-style implant (or a portion of traditional-style implant) penetrated into a jaw bone, i.e.:
A.sub.V.fwdarw.f(H.sub.B,H.sub.IM)  (1) wherein: A.sub.V—a vertical atrophy; H.sub.B—a height of jaw bone; H.sub.IM—a height of implant (portion of implant) into jaw bone; f—a symbol of function.

(20) Normally, the regular traditional-style implant 1 [or its portion installed into jaw bone 3, as shown in FIG. 1 (Prior Art)] and even the mini implants (not shown) should have a height (H.sub.2), which is less than the height (H.sub.1) of the healthy jaw bone 3, as it is shown in FIG. 1 (Prior Art).

(21) Specifically, the first variant of the improved dental implant 4 (hereinafter may be referred as to “dental implant 4”) is used when the height (H.sub.1) of the healthy jaw bone 3 is equal or less than the height (H.sub.2) of the traditional-style implant 1 or a portion of the traditional-style implant 1 installed (inserted) into a jaw bone 3, i.e.:
A.sub.V.fwdarw.H.sub.1≤H.sub.2  (2) wherein: A.sub.V—a vertical atrophy; H.sub.1—a height of jaw bone; H.sub.2—a height of implant (portion of implant) inserted (installed) in a jaw bone.

(22) According to FIGS. 2-9, the first variant of the improved dental implant 4 comprises two main portions: a basis 5 and an extension 6.

(23) The basis 5 includes the apertures 8-19, comprising the corresponding axes 20-31 respectively. The basis 5 can include perforation (not shown). The basis 5 is bent to correspond to the shape of jaw bone (FIGS. 4, 6).

(24) For example, in FIGS. 2-6, 9 the basis 5 is presented as some-kind of a semi-cylindrical configuration, but in FIGS. 7, 8 the semi-cylindrical basis 5 is depicted in the different styles, i.e.: FIG. 7 demonstrates the symmetrical rounded form of basis 5 without apertures 8, 10, 17, 19 and rims 44, 45, while FIG. 8 presents the asymmetrical form of basis 5 without aperture 9. It should be understandable, that basis 5 can be of any reasonable geometric form, shape and configuration, as well as of any reasonable thickness and reasonable diameters of apertures and diameters of perforation (not shown). The first rims 44 and second rim 45 at the bottom of the basis 5 can have some flanges (not shown) or can be slightly bent (not shown) inwardly (not shown) or outwardly (not shown). Preferably, the extension 6 is located in the middle (center) of the semi-cylindrical shape of the basis 5 (FIGS. 2-9).

(25) The extension 6 can be extended from the basis 5 (FIGS. 5, 9) or can be as a separate portion (FIG. 6) rigidly connected to the basis 5. The extension 6 comprises an inner thread 7 (FIGS. 2-9) for further direct connection to crown (not shown), denture (not shown), etc., or through the intermediate abutment (not shown).

(26) Also, the extension 6 can comprise a hemi-spherical head 32, as shown in FIG. 9, or an umbrella-type head (not shown), intended for a bigger area of support for a gum 2, and, as a result, for bigger area for support of an artificial bone material (osseous structure) 37, shown in FIG. 15. The extension 6 can be of cylindrical configuration, as it is shown in FIGS. 2-4, 7, 8, but it should be understandable, that extension 6 can be of any reasonable geometric form, shape and configuration (e.g., square form or hexagonal form, etc.), as well as of any reasonable diameter, type of inner thread 7, etc.

(27) The dental implant 4 is coupled with the jaw bone 3 by the screws (not shown). For instance, the basis 5 of the dental implant 4 can be attached to the jaw bone 3 by eight screws (not shown) through the apertures (e.g., through the apertures 8, 10, 11, 13 and on another side through the apertures 17, 19, 14, 16 respectively) along the apertures' axes 20, 22, 23, 25 and 29, 31, 26, 28 respectively. Depending on the degree of the atrophy, more or less screws can be used. For example, four more screws (not shown) can be additionally used through the apertures 9, 12 and 18, 15 respectively, along the aperture axes 21, 24 and 30, 27 respectively to secure the dental implant 4 tighter onto jaw bone 3. At the same time, for the less deformed jaw bone the less quantity of screws can be used for coupling dental implant 4 to the jaw bone 3, i.e., as shown in FIGS. 4, 6, only three screws (not shown) on each side of the basis 5 can be used.

(28) Also, according to FIGS. 7, 8, the different quantity of the apertures (and relatively screws) can be used by the dental surgeon (dentist) to secure the dental implant 4 on the atrophic jaw bone 3.

(29) In FIGS. 2-4, 7, 8 are shown the dental implants 4 comprising only one (single) extension 6, extended from basis 5 (FIGS. 5, 9) or rigidly connected to the basis 5 (FIG. 6), but the dental implant 4 can comprise a single basis 5 with a plurality of extensions 6 (not shown), extended from that single basis or rigidly connected to that single basis 5.

(30) With respect to the horizontal atrophy of the jaw bone, the horizontal atrophy (horizontal dystrophy, horizontal deformation) has occurred when the jaw bone is decreased in its width, and is generally a function of the correlation of the width of the portion of the horizontally deformed jaw bone and the width (not shown) of the traditional-style implant, i.e.:
A.sub.H.fwdarw.f(W.sub.DB,W.sub.IM)  (3) wherein: A.sub.H—a horizontal atrophy; W.sub.DB—a width of the horizontally deformed jaw bone; W.sub.IM—a width (diameter) of the traditional-style implant; f—a symbol of function.

(31) Normally, the regular traditional-style implant 1 [or its portion installed into jaw bone 3, as shown in FIG. 1 (Prior Art)] and even the mini implants (not shown) should have a width (diameter), which is significantly less than the width of the jaw bone at the place where the traditional-style implants should be installed.

(32) Specifically, the second variant of the improved dental implant 38 (hereinafter may be referred as to “dental implant 38”) is used when the width (W.sub.1) of the portion of the horizontally deformed jaw bone 48 is significantly less than the width (W.sub.2) of the healthy jaw bone 3 (FIGS. 13, 14), and less than the width (not shown) of the traditional-style implant, shown as “1” in FIG. 1 (Prior Art), i.e.:

(33) $\begin{array}{cc}{A}_H.fwdarw.W_1<\{\begin{array}{c}{W}_2\\ W_{\mathrm{IM}}\end{array}& \left(4\right)\end{array}$ wherein: A.sub.H—a horizontal atrophy; W.sub.1—a width of the deformed (atrophic) portion the jaw bone (FIGS. 13, 14); W.sub.2—a width of the healthy jaw bone, and the traditional-style implants (or mini implant) cannot be installed.

(34) According to FIGS. 10-14, the second variant of the dental implant 38 comprises an inner thread 7, a truncate cylindrical portion 46, a flat portion 47, an upper aperture 33 and a lower aperture 34. According to FIGS. 10, 13, the upper aperture 33 is located in the truncate cylindrical portion 46 along aperture's axis 35, and the lower aperture 36 is located in the flat portion 47 along aperture's axis 36. The thread 7 is located in the upper portion 50 of the truncate cylindrical portion 46 (FIGS. 10, 11). The upper aperture 33 is located in the lower portion 51 of the truncate cylindrical portion 46. The flat portion 47 is extended from the lower portion 51 of the truncate cylindrical portion 46, but can be rigidly connected (not shown) to the lower portion 51 of the truncate cylindrical portion 46. The lower aperture 34 is located in the lower portion 52 of the flat portion 47 (FIGS. 10, 12). The second variant of the dental implant 38 is coupled to the horizontally deformed portion 48 of the jaw bone 3 by the screws (not shown) through the upper aperture 33 along its axis 35, and through the lover aperture 34 along its axis 36 (FIG. 13).

(35) The improved methods for installation of the improved dental implants provide the following steps. Generally, before the dental implants installation, the dentist (dental surgeon) provides the initial inspection of the deformed portions of jaw bone by the X-ray examination(s).

(36) The improved method for installation of the improved first variant dental implant 4 provides the following steps.

(37) As it has been presented hereinabove, the vertical atrophy (vertical dystrophy, vertical deformation) of the jaw bones depends on the heights' correlation, described by the equations/formulas “(1)” and “(2)”. For an access to the vertically atrophic portion of the jaw bone 3, an opening (not shown) is provided in the gum 2 (gum 2 is shown in FIG. 15). After the gum opening (not shown) is provided, the dentist or dental surgeon provides a visual inspection of a jaw bone 3 for evaluation of a degree of a vertical atrophy and/or a vertical dystrophy of the vertically deformed portion of the jaw bone 3. After the visual inspection of a jaw bone 3 is made, the dentist or dental surgeon provides a selection of a dental implant 4 appropriate by the size, design (with a single extension 6 or with a multiple extensions/not shown/) for an installation on a top 49 of the deformed portion of the jaw bone 3. After that, the dentist or dental surgeon provides an installation (insertion) of the selected dental implant 4 on said top 49 of said jaw bone 3 through the opening (not shown) in said gum 2. The installed dental implant 4 is affixed to the jaw bone 3 by screws (not shown) through the selected apertures in the basis 5 of the dental implant 4 along the respective axes of those apertures. After these steps, the dentist or dental surgeon provides an insertion of an artificial bone material through the opening in the gum, closes the gum opening [e.g., by stitch(es), staple(s)], and installs the desired crown or desired denture directly to the extension 6 of the dental implant 4 by the inner thread 7 or through an intermediate abutment (not shown).

(38) The improved method for installation of the improved second variant dental implant 38 provides the following steps.

(39) As it has been presented hereinabove, the horizontal atrophy (horizontal dystrophy, horizontal deformation) of the jaw bones depends on the widths' correlation, described by the equations/formulas “(3)” and “(4)”. For an access to the horizontal atrophic portion of the jaw bone 3, an opening (not shown) is provided in the gum 2 (the gum 2 is not shown in FIGS. 10-14, but shown in FIG. 15). After the gum opening (not shown) is provided, the dentist or dental surgeon provides a visual inspection of a jaw bone 3 for evaluation of a degree of a horizontal atrophy and/or a horizontal dystrophy of the horizontally deformed portion 48 of the jaw bone 3.

(40) After the visual inspection of a jaw bone 3 is made, the dentist or dental surgeon provides a selection of a dental implant 38 appropriate by the size, design [straight dental implant 38 (FIG. 13) or bent dental implant 38 (FIG. 14), etc.] for an installation to the deformed jaw bone 48. The flat portion 47 can be bent at any reasonable angle to meet the curve of the deformed jaw bone. Preferably, the angle “β” can be in the range from 5° to 65° (β=5°-65°). The angle “β” is intended to meet a relative general (main) bend (curve) of the deformed jaw bone (not all small bend/curves/ of the deformed jaw bone). After that, the dentist or dental surgeon provides an installation (insertion) of the selected dental implant 38 to the jaw bone 3 through the opening (not shown) in the gum. The installed dental implant 38 is affixed to the jaw bone 3 by two screws (not shown) through the upper aperture 33 and lower aperture 34 along the axes 35 and 36 respectively. After these steps, the dentist or dental surgeon provides an insertion of an artificial bone material through the opening in the gum, closes the gum opening [e.g., by stitch(es), staple(s)], and installs the desired crown or desired denture directly to the dental implant 38 by the inner thread 7 or through an intermediate abutment (not shown).

(41) The disclosed dental implants (and connecting screws) can be made from a biocompatible metal(s), such as titanium and alloys thereof, and may be coated with other types of biocompatible materials, such as hydroxyapatite, and/or receive a surface treatment in order to improve the quality of the implant surface(s).

(42) It should be understandable, that any tooth can be replaced by the disclosed improved dental implant, but these implants are mostly applicable the pre-molar and/or molar teeth of the mandibular bone.

(43) Again, although this invention has been described in connection with specific forms and embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that various modifications other than those discussed above may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. For example, equivalent elements may be substituted for those specifically shown and described, certain features may be used independently of other features, and in certain cases, particular locations of elements may be reversed or interposed, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended Claims.

(44) There are many advantages of the improved methods and dental implants, one of which is: the improved methods and dental implants allow to provide the efficient reconstruction of the dystrophic (atrophic) jaw bones without surgical replacement of the afflicted (deformed) jaw bones for the healthy bones.

(45) It is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, configurations, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.

(46) The additional modifications and improvements of the present invention may also be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the particular combination of parts/components/members/portions described and illustrated herein is intended to represent only certain embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to serve as limitations of alternative devices within the spirit and scope of the invention.

(47) All expressions and terms, which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed, and the additional features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.